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Dzomira, Shewangu. "Internet banking fraud alertness in the banking sector: South Africa." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.07.
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This paper analyzes internet banking fraud alertness to the general public by the South African banking institutions. The study is centered on routine activity theory, which is a criminology theory. A qualitative content analysis was used as the research technique for the interpretation of the text data from each bank’s website through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns to provide an in-depth understanding of internet banking fraud alertness in the banking sector. A sample size of 13 out of 16 locally and foreign controlled retail banks in South Africa was used. The findings report that banks are not adequately providing internet fraud alertness information to the general public on their websites notwithstanding that most banks they do provide such information to log-in users and the use of that information is doubtful. This study suggests a need to augment internet banking fraud alertness information and passably inform internet banking users of the types of internet banking fraud perpetrated by internet fraudsters before they log-in for transacting. Considering the current and widespread quandary of internet banking fraud, the information of this paper is important for internet banking users to improve their aptitude in identifying fraudulent schemes and circumvent them, and for the banking institutions to invest more in the provision of internet banking fraud information to the general public.
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Bongazana Dondolo, Hilda, and Nkosivile Welcome Madinga. "Ease of use, security concerns and attitudes as antecedents of customer satisfaction in ATM banking." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(4-1).2016.02.
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This study examines the influence of ease of use, security concerns and attitudes on South African consumers’ satisfaction with ATM banking services. Participants of the study were solicited through electronic mailing list of ATM users in South Africa. These participants were provided with a website link that directed them to an online survey hosted by Qualtrics. A total of 224 participants from the various provinces of South Africa responded. This study confirms that customer satisfaction is linked to security concerns, attitudes and ease of use. Overall, the results indicate that the respondents were satisfied with ATM banking services. Since there is a shortage of research on customer satisfaction with ATM banking services in South Africa, an area often neglected by South African researchers, this study contributes to knowledge available in the existing literature. Keywords: ATM banking, customer satisfaction, ease of use, security, attitudes. JEL Classification: G21, M31
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Maniraj Singh, Anesh. "Trends in South African Internet banking." Aslib Proceedings 56, no. 3 (June 2004): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012530410539368.
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C, Aguidissou O., Richard Shambare, and Rugimbana R. "Internet Banking Adoption in South Africa: The Mediating Role of Consumer Readiness." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5(J) (October 20, 2017): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5(j).1905.
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The recent rapid development of Internet banking (IB) around the world is not without certain challenges. For instance while a majority of banking SSTs (Self Service Technologies, e.g. ATMs and debit cards) have been well received by the South African market, consumers seem sceptical towards Internet banking. This paper seeks to test various conceptual frameworks of consumer adoption patterns of IB with the view of a framework with the greatest explanatory power for the South African market. To achieve the stated objective of a framework for IB adoption in South Africa, this paper suggests an approach not yet undertaken, according to the literature review conducted, within the South African retail banking industry – investigating a comparison of the predictive efficacy of two common groupings of variables most cited in the consumer behaviour literature as important determinants of adoptive behaviour in SSTs. These are: perceptions of innovation characteristics and consumer readiness (CR) variables. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is the consideration of this gap within the body of knowledge around South African consumers’ IB adoption behaviour. Through a descriptive quantitative analysis of 1516 large sample size, innovation characteristics as consumer’s perceptions (complexity, perceived risk notably) or views (endogenous variables) were found with greatest predictive power over IB adoption, in the South African consumer market context. This finding is therefore for marketers (particularly in South Africa) a set of useful tools that can be relevant to promote the adoption of IB.
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C, Aguidissou O., Richard Shambare, and Rugimbana R. "Internet Banking Adoption in South Africa: The Mediating Role of Consumer Readiness." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1905.
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The recent rapid development of Internet banking (IB) around the world is not without certain challenges. For instance while a majority of banking SSTs (Self Service Technologies, e.g. ATMs and debit cards) have been well received by the South African market, consumers seem sceptical towards Internet banking. This paper seeks to test various conceptual frameworks of consumer adoption patterns of IB with the view of a framework with the greatest explanatory power for the South African market. To achieve the stated objective of a framework for IB adoption in South Africa, this paper suggests an approach not yet undertaken, according to the literature review conducted, within the South African retail banking industry – investigating a comparison of the predictive efficacy of two common groupings of variables most cited in the consumer behaviour literature as important determinants of adoptive behaviour in SSTs. These are: perceptions of innovation characteristics and consumer readiness (CR) variables. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is the consideration of this gap within the body of knowledge around South African consumers’ IB adoption behaviour. Through a descriptive quantitative analysis of 1516 large sample size, innovation characteristics as consumer’s perceptions (complexity, perceived risk notably) or views (endogenous variables) were found with greatest predictive power over IB adoption, in the South African consumer market context. This finding is therefore for marketers (particularly in South Africa) a set of useful tools that can be relevant to promote the adoption of IB.
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Simatele, Munacinga, Syden Mishi, and Nomasomi Ngonyama. "Structure and profitability in the banking sector." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(1).2018.05.
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The relationship between profit and bank market structure continues to raise questions amongst both policy makers and researchers. While some evidence supports a positive relationship between market structure, competition and profitability, other evidence seems to support the fact that profitability and related market share result from efficiency. Moreover, extant literature on South Africa is conflicting and seems to contradict anecdotal evidence. While some studies point to a competitive environment despite concentration, others suggest that concentration in the banking sector is harmful. Prosecution of banks for uncompetitive behavior also casts doubt on the conclusion that the South African banking sector is competitive. This paper examines the relationship between structure and conduct in the South African banking sector. Using the Berger (1995) discriminating tests, the effect of industry concentration, market share and efficiency on three measures of profitability is estimated on a panel of 11 South African banks for data between 1994 and 2016. The results show that concentration affects conduct. The profit-structure relationship is dominantly explained by the structure conduct hypothesis and partly by the efficient scale hypothesis. These results suggest that policy which discourages concentration and promotes competition in the banking sector is socially beneficial.
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Kholvadia, Faatima. "Islamic banking in South Africa – form over substance?" Meditari Accountancy Research 25, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-02-2016-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the economic substance of Islamic banking transactions in South Africa and to analyse whether the economic substance is closely related to the legal form. Additionally, this study highlights the similarities and differences in the execution of Islamic banking transactions across different South African banks. The transactions analysed are deposit products of qard and Mudarabah and financing products of Murabaha, Ijarah and diminishing Musharaka. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted through interviews with representatives from each of the four South African banks that offers Islamic banking products. Interviews were semi-structured and allowed interviewees to voice their perspectives, increasing the validity of the interviews. Findings The study found that specific Shariah requirements of Islamic banking transactions are considered and included in the legal structure of the contracts by all four banks offering Islamic banking products. However, the economic reality of these transactions was often significantly different from its legal form and was found to, economically, replicate conventional banking transactions. The study also found that all four banks offer Islamic banking products under the same Shariah principles, but in some instances (e.g. diminishing Musharaka), execute these transactions in different ways. This study is the first of its kind in South Africa. Research limitations/implications While safeguards have been used to ensure the reliability and validity of the research, there remain a few inherent limitations which should be noted: interviewees, while chosen for their expertise and level of knowledge, may provide highly technical insight which may be difficult to interpret. Detailed technicalities were therefore excluded from this research. The regulatory environment of banks in South Africa, for example, regulation imposed by the Financial Service Board on all financial institutions in South Africa, has not been explored. However, the regulatory environment was brought to the readers’ attention to help illustrate certain themes. This research uses only Shariah requirements as detailed in Section 2.2 to analyse transactions. Fatwas (rulings) issued by the Shariah Boards of South African Islamic banks have not been included in this study and may be an area of future research. Originality/value This study is the first of its kind in South Africa. The study adds to the Islamic banking literature by analysing the real execution of Islamic banking transactions rather than the theoretical compliance with Shariah law.
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Crafford, Wessel Lourens, Frederik J. Mostert, and Jan Hendrik Mostert. "Liquidity management by South African banks." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art4.
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The management of liquidity is of prime importance to banks. This management process should be carefully planned and continuously managed to master a global and/or national financial crisis. The objective of this research paper embodies the improvement of financial decision-making by banks regarding the management of their liquidity. To achieve this objective, a literature study was initially done. An empirical survey followed thereafter, focusing on the 10 biggest banks in South Africa. They are the leaders of the South African banking industry, and as South Africa is a developing country with an emerging market economy, the conclusions of the study may also be valuable to banking industries of similar countries. The importance of the liquidity management factors, the problem areas surrounding this topic, as well as how often the requirements are adjusted to ensure proper and effective liquidity management are addressed.
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Ajibade, Patrick, and Stephen M. Mutula. "Big data, 4IR and electronic banking and banking systems applications in South Africa and Nigeria." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.17.
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Efficient banking solutions are an integral part of the business integration of South African and Nigerian economies as the two largest economies in the continent. Security, effectiveness, and integration of banking systems are critical to the sustainable development of the African continent. Therefore, an empirical analysis of the production of research on banking services and systems was conducted. The aim of the study was to examine the robustness of the research findings on banking systems in terms of their importance for the economic sustainability of the continent in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. The study adopted a bibliometric analysis using software clusters to visualize the results. Due to higher visibility of outputs and likely citations, the results showed that the key terms from Google Scholar are ranked higher than outputs from Scopus. Main research interests were related to internet banking (f = 70), e-payment systems (f = 57), telephone banking (f = 56), automated teller machines (f = 54), and mobile banking (f = 40). The results also showed a very low research interest in the technical aspect of online banking services such as security (f = 19, TLS = 40), authentication (f = 17, TLS =33), network security (f =13, TLS = 33), computer crime (f = 16, TLS = 42), and online banking (f = 11, TLS =32). The study found there were insufficient outputs in the area of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and banking services in Africa. Future research trends should examine the impact of the 4IR and big data on the banking system, regional economic integration, and sustainable growth in the continent.
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Coetzee, Johan. "Client-Centricity In South African Retail Banking." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 5 (August 23, 2014): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i5.8767.
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Client-centricity deals with addressing the needs of clients as they change. It requires contact-personnel who are empowered to not only identify client needs, but address them speedily. This study investigated the perceptions of client-centricity for 559 contact-personnel at three major South African retail banks in central South Africa. The results indicate that in general the contact personnel regard their respective banks as enforcing a client-centric strategy. They do however feel that the support from administrative personnel and the processes that support the sales environment are not always conducive to client-centric principles. This is a particular problem as contact-personnel are attuned to addressing the sales-related product and service offerings of clients as opposed to the process-related administrative burdens attached to the delivery of such products and services. The study also found that the job function of contact-personnel is the most important factor to consider when developing a client-centric strategy. Further to this, contact-personnel with the longest number of years of experience in a specific function are the best to use for management when determining whether or not specific tools to achieve client-centricity are effective. The major contribution of the study is that it focuses specifically on the perceptions of contact-personnel and thus provides additional knowledge of what the bank (through its client-facing staff) itself considers important with regards to client-centricity.
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van Deventer, Marko, and Nkosinamandla Erasmus Shezi. "Generation Y consumers’ perceived brand personality of South African retail banks." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(3).2021.12.
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Successful management of a retail bank’s brand requires some form of brand image, such as brand personality. Creating a retail bank’s brand personality is effective in establishing attachment between customers and the retail-banking brand they choose to support based on self-identification. As such, this study’s aim is to investigate the bank identification and perceived brand personality dimensions of retail banks among the profitable and significantly sized Generation Y banking market. For this study, a non-probability convenience sample of 300 Generation Y banking customers was used. A self-administered questionnaire was developed for data collection. The results of the study suggest that Generation Y customers perceive their chosen retail bank as successful, sophisticated, sincere, rugged, community driven and classic. Moreover, the results showed that the brand personality dimensions of community driven and successfulness are mostly related to the identification of Generation Y customers with their retail bank brand. Customers who easily identify with their retail bank brand bring financial benefits to the bank, as these customers remain loyal to the brand. The results provide insights that can help retail banks to better understand their current brand personality perceptions, which is important given that brand personality can improve bank brand identification among customers.
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de Wet, J. H. v. H. "Capital structure and regulation implications for South African banks." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2013): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c9art1.
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Past research on capital structure was spearheaded by the ground-breaking models of Nobel Prize laureates Modigliani and Miller. However, little research has been done on the application of their and other theories to banking institutions located in Southern Africa. This study analyses the determinants of the capital structure of banks in South Africa based on secondary financial data and by performing this analysis attempts to establish trends in capital structure policy and regulatory compliance. The study also identifies best practices that contribute to the overall value and performance of the banking institution. Conclusions drawn from the results and literature create greater understanding of the dynamics of capital structure and its implications for South African Banks.
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Migiro, Stephen. "Post National Credit Act reckless lending in the South African banking industry." Public and Municipal Finance 6, no. 2 (July 27, 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(2).2017.03.
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One of the main aims of the National Credit Act (NCA) of 2005 in South Africa is to curtail rising consumer over-indebtedness by encouraging credit providers to adopt responsible lending practices. This research study seeks to ascertain whether the NCA’s responsible lending requirements have limited reckless lending by credit providers. Data are collected by a telephonic survey amongst debt counselors and in-depth interviews amongst bank employees. Descriptive statistics are used to analyze data from the descriptive survey, while data from in-depth interviews are analyzed using the thematic approach. Credit providers have divided opinions on whether the NCA limits reckless lending practices. Debt counselors claimed that credit providers are lending irresponsibly. By contrast, insights obtained from bank employees indicate compliance. However, both agree that borrowers are not borrowing responsibly. As a result, consumer education is required to educate consumers on both the benefits and risks of borrowing. It is also recommended that lenders be audited for compliance to the Credit act.
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Ifeacho, Christopher, and Harold Ngalawa. "Performance Of The South African Banking Sector Since 1994." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 4 (June 30, 2014): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i4.8663.
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This study investigates the impact of bank-specific variables and selected macroeconomic variables on the South African banking sector for the period 1994-2011 using the capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity (CAMEL) model of bank performance evaluation. The study employs data in annual frequency from South Africas four largest banks, namely, ABSA, First National Bank, Nedbank, and Standard Bank. These banks account for over 70% of South Africas banking assets. Using return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as measures of bank performance, the study finds that all bank-specific variables are statistically significant determinants of bank performance. Specifically, the study shows that asset quality, management quality, and liquidity have a positive effect on both measures of bank performance, which is consistent with a priori theoretical expectations. Capital adequacy, however, exhibits a surprising significant negative relationship with ROA, while its relationship with ROE is significant and positive as expected. Except for interest rates (in the ROA model), unemployment rate (in the ROA model), and the rate of inflation (in the ROE model), the rest of the macroeconomic variables are statistically insignificant. The study reveals that bank performance is positively related to interest rates and negatively related to unemployment rates and interest rates.
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Maduane, Refilwe Tryphina, and Kunofiwa Tsaurai. "The link between capital structure and banking sector performance in an emerging economy." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4c2art6.
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South African banks are small compared to the international standards and this necessitates them to remain efficient and competitive at both national and international levels. Such competitiveness shelter them from global competitors wishing to enter into the South African market. Putting in mind the critical role played by banks in the economic development of every country, managers in the banking industry should ensure they make sound financial decisions in order to remain profitable and competitive amidst challenges of the debt-equity choice. This study seeks to determine the influence of capital structure on profitability of banks listed at the Johannesburg stock exchange (JSE) using the random effect regression model. Empirical studies that studies the impact of capital structure on profitability of the banking sector in emerging markets and Africa are very scant. The few empirical studies that focused on the banking sector are yet to focus on African and to agree on the relationship between capital structure and profitability. It is against these reasons that the current study chose to investigate how profitability of South African banks is affected by their capital structure. The study found out that capital structure is a key determinant of profitability of banks in South Africa. As such, the study recommends that optimal capital policies need to be pursued if banks are to not only to increase profitability but ensure long term stability and sound performance.
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Lappeman, James, Robyn Clark, Jordan Evans, and Lara Sierra-Rubia. "The effect of nWOM firestorms on South African retail banking." International Journal of Bank Marketing 39, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-07-2020-0403.
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PurposeThis study analysed the effect of online negative word-of-mouth (nWOM) firestorms in the retail banking sector. By understanding negative sentiment and sentiment recovery across an entire retail banking sector, the research exposed a unique view of banking in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study made use of both a sentiment and topic analysis of over 1.7 million social media posts in South Africa. The methodology made use of both NLP and human validation techniques to measure changes in social media sentiment during online firestorms. This measurement included each of South Africa's major retail banks over a twelve month period.FindingsFrom the analysis, key trigger characteristics for these firestorms (product failures, service failures, social failures and communication failures) were categorised. In addition, the average duration of a firestorm was calculated and factors that impact sentiment recovery were explored.Originality/valueThe study was located in South Africa and, unlike firm level studies, researched nWOM for the whole retail banking sector. A theoretical footprint depicting the typical anatomy of a firestorm was derived in order to aid stakeholders to be more vigilant and better equipped to provide correct intervention in such times of crisis.
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Koenaite, Moshele, Eugine Maziriri, and Tinashe Chuchu. "Attitudes Towards Utilising Mobile Banking Applications Among Generation Z Consumers in South Africa." Journal of Business and Management Review 2, no. 6 (June 29, 2021): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/jbmr26.1452021.
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In today’s post-modern era, the banking industry is becoming a digital rather than a physical system. Digital banking has been synonymous with the fourth industrial revolution making a notable impact on the African continent. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to empirically investigate consumer attitudes towards mobile banking applications in South Africa. A positivist paradigm underpinned the study, and a descriptive design was employed. To test the proposed hypotheses a unique conceptual model was developed. Non-probability sampling was adopted in selecting appropriate participants. A total of data was collected from 325 willing participants through an survey. In terms of analysis, SPSS n and AMOS were utilised to generate descriptive statistics and hypotheses testing. The results established that attitudes towards mobile banking applications and actual use of mobile banking applications was the strongest relationship. The empirical evidence presented in this study adds value to the existing research on mobile-banking within the 4th industrial revolution, particularly in South Africa, a largely under-researched area.
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Bonn, Marta, and Paul Webley. "South African children's understanding of money and banking." British Journal of Developmental Psychology 18, no. 2 (June 2000): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/026151000165689.
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Moloi, Tankiso. "Understanding banking regulatory and market framework in South Africa including the perceived strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats." Journal of Governance and Regulation 3, no. 3 (2014): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v3_i3_p4.
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Following the global financial crisis of 2007, the manner in which banks conduct their business became the subject of interest to authorities. In South Africa, most analysts argued that the financial system was insulated by the prudent regulatory system. This paper reviewed the banking regulation and market framework applicable in the South African context. In reviewing regulation and banking market framework, it was found that the principal legal instrument which seeks to achieve credibility, stability and economic growth, is the Banks Act, No. 94 of 1990 (the Banks Act). Considering the applicable regulation, the paper concluded that South Africa has a developed and well regulated banking system which compares favourably with regulatory environment applied by the developed countries. It was, however; cautioned that further regulation such as the recently announced ‘Twin Peaks’ approach to financial regulation could result in unintended consequences, such as driving a larger share of activity into the shadow banking sector.
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van Deventer, Marko, Natasha de Klerk, and Ayesha Bevan-Dye. "Antecedents of attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking amongst Generation Y students." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(2).2017.08.
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Despite the benefits that mobile banking has to offer, coupled with positive mobile penetration rates, the use of mobile devices to perform banking transactions and access financial information is not as widespread as expected. The significantly sized Generation Y cohort is a rewarding market segment for retail banks. In South Africa, however, this cohort’s mobile banking adoption is largely under-researched. Understanding the antecedents that positively influence Generation Y students’ attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking will assist retail banks in their efforts to tailor their business and marketing strategies effectively towards this cohort, and in doing so, foster increased acceptance of their mobile channels. As such, the purpose of this study was to extend the technology acceptance model (TAM) and determine the influence of perceived ease of use, relative advantage, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived integrity and the perceived system quality of mobile banking on South African Generation Y students’ attitudes towards and usage behavior of mobile banking. Following a descriptive research design, self-administered questionnaires were completed by a non-probability convenience sample of 334 students registered at the campuses of three registered public South African universities located in the Gauteng province. Data analysis included correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that while perceived ease of use, perceived integrity and the perceived system quality predict Generation Y students’ mobile banking usage behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and the perceived relative advantage of mobile banking predict attitudes towards mobile banking, which, in turn, predict their mobile banking usage behavior.
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Maduku, Daniel. "The effect of institutional trust on internet banking acceptance: Perspectives of South African banking retail customers." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 4 (November 25, 2016): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i4.1558.
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Transactions carried out in the uncertain and impersonal conditions of the Internet require substantial levels of trust. Obtaining customers’ trust is therefore imperative to cultivating and nurturing long-lasting and profitable customer-firm relationships in online environments. Surprisingly however, there is currently a dearth of research on the effects of trust on customers’ acceptance of e-commerce in Africa. This paper investigates the effects of the components of institutional trust on perceptions of ease of use and usefulness, as well as attitudes towards use on customers’ intentions to use Internet banking services. An integrated research model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was built and empirically tested using data obtained from 390 retail banking customers in South Africa. The results show that the proposed model possesses high explanatory capabilities as it could explain 61 per cent of the variance in Internet banking use intentions. The study results further show that situational normality is neither a salient determinant of customers’ attitudes towards use of internet banking nor their use intention, whereas structural assurance is. By examining the effects of institutional trust on the TAM’s variables, especially in a developing African country, this study does not only provide insights for managers in their efforts to achieve rapid adoption of Internet banking, but also contributes to the literature on the topic.
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Ho, Sin-Yu. "Macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in South Africa." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2017-0341.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in South Africa during the period 1975–2015. Specifically, it examines the impact of banking sector development, economic growth, inflation rate, real interest rate and trade openness on the development of the South African stock market. Design/methodology/approach The author employs autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure that allows the author to empirically investigate both the short- and long-run relationships between the stock market development and its determinants in the context of South Africa. In addition, the author also conducts a sensitivity analysis by accounting for the presence of structural breaks in the underlying series to check for the robustness of the estimation. Findings This paper confirms the findings by other studies that banking sector development and economic growth promote stock market development, while inflation rate and real interest rate inhibit stock market development. In addition, this paper finds an interesting result in the fact that trade openness has a negative impact on stock market development, which is different from the findings of many other studies. Originality/value Currently, while the theoretical and empirical literature presents diverse views on the relationship between each determinant and stock market development, no study has focussed on the South African stock market. Given the significant role that the South African stock market plays in Africa as measured by its market capitalisation and market capitalisation ratio, there is a need for a better understanding of the macroeconomic factors influencing its development.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Princess Ncube. "The Regulation and Use of Artificial Intelligence and 5G Technology to Combat Cybercrime and Financial Crime in South African Banks." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (June 30, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a10742.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and fifth generation network technology (5G) are now being utilised by some companies and financial institutions such as banks to enhance their competitiveness and expand their businesses. The general types of AI include functional AI, interactive AI, text AI, visual AI and analytic AI. The key components of AI include machine learning, fast Internet connectivity, deep learning, neural networks and advanced data analysis. These components may be complemented by the adoption and use of standard 5G cellular networks. 5G utilises broadband Internet access and Internet connection, and is now employed by some banking institutions, especially in developed countries. It is not clear whether South African banking institutions have adopted 5G for their Internet connectivity and operations. AI and 5G may be used to detect and combat cybercrimes in banking institutions. On the other hand, AI and 5G may also be abused by cybercriminals to commit financial crimes such as money laundering and insider trading. In this regard it is submitted that South African policy makers should carefully revise the Cybersecurity Bill B6-2017 (Cybercrimes Bill) to embrace the use of AI and 5G to detect and combat cybercrimes in South African banks. Accordingly, this article examines the adequacy of the Cybercrimes Bill. It also explores the regulation and use of 5G and AI to detect, prevent and combat cybercrimes in banks and other financial institutions in South Africa.
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Johan, Coetzee, van Zyl Helena, and Tait Madeacute le. "Selection criteria in the South African retail banking sector." African Journal of Business Management 6, no. 41 (October 17, 2012): 10558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm12.454.
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Okeahalam, Charles C. "Estimating Market Power in the South African Banking Sector." International Review of Applied Economics 21, no. 5 (November 6, 2007): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692170701474702.
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Simbanegavi, W., J. B. Greenberg, and T. Gwatidzo. "Testing for Competition in the South African Banking Sector." Journal of African Economies 24, no. 3 (October 17, 2014): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/eju022.
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "The dynamics of South African banking in the 1980s." South African Journal of Economic History 9, no. 2 (September 1994): 84–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.1994.10417233.
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C., Aguidissou O., Richard Shambare, and Rugimbana R. "Individual Differences Versus Consumer Readiness Variables Predictive Power Over Internet Banking Adoption in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6.2002.
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Self-service banking technology is gaining recognition globally in spite of its numerous challenges. Debit cards, ATMs and other Self Service Technologies (SSTs) are well received in South African market; however, customers seem cynical about Internet Banking (IB). IB consumer’s adoption patterns frameworks are tested within this paper based on a framework providing for the South African market with the best explanatory power. Thus, investigating consumer readiness (CR) and individual differences (IDs) variables as common groupings usually cited in the literature consumer variables predictive efficacy, provide better understanding of the consumers towards SSTs in South Africa.CR comprises role clarity, ability and motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic), while IDs includes inertia, technology anxiety, need of interaction, previous experience and demographics. This study purposes to identify among IDs and CR variables, which one with greater predictive power on IB adoption in South Africa.Considering this gap within the body of knowledge, in relation with IB adoption behaviour among the South African consumer is therefore the present article primary objective. Consumer’s individual differences (technology anxiety and education variables specifically) as exogenous variables, through a large sample size (n=1516), descriptive quantitative analysis, were found in context of South African market with greatest predictive power for IB adoption by comparison over consumer readiness. In South Africa particularly for marketers, these findings therefore are a set of relevant keys that can be useful in promoting IB adoption.
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Hargarter, Antje, and Gary Van Vuuren. "Measuring conduct risk in South African banks." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 11, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 282–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-03-2018-0027.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the problem of conduct-risk measurement for banks, using South Africa as an example of a developing market. Conduct risk is a new and complex phenomenon in global financial services and could negatively impact various stakeholders. There are concerns about new regulations and potential misconduct fines affecting profitability and sustainability for banks. While presenting a serious problem, especially in developing markets, with the added challenge of financial inclusion, conduct risk and its measurement have not been researched sufficiently. If the measurement problem could be solved, the management could be facilitated. Design/methodology/approach Based on a literature review, existing surveys and new interviews, a best-practice proposal for measuring conduct risk was developed. The approach was exploratory and inductive and added primary insights. Findings Measuring concepts like conduct is a global challenge. This aside, South African banking customers are concerned about fraud and safety and administrative service hassles, rather than conduct in the regulatory sense. Best-practice measurement must account for these findings by working with a scoring for behavioural, organisational/procedural and perception indicators and with suggestions for specific surveys. Research limitations/implications Analysing the data measured and deciding what action should be taken if conduct risk is detected could be considered for additional research. Practical implications South African banks are guided in measuring a difficult and unique concept at a time of regulatory change, stakeholder pressures and limited existing knowledge. Originality/value The authors believe this is the first study on a critical and new challenge in banking risk measurement in a developing market.
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van Deventer, Marko, Natasha de Klerk, and Ayesha Bevan-Dye. "Influence of perceived integrity and perceived system quality on Generation Y students’ perceived trust in mobile banking in South Africa." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.05.
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Mobile banking represents an important addition to retail banks’ digital banking channels and a salient tool for servicing both current and future customers. However, given the cybernetic nature of mobile banking, there is a certain degree of uncertainty and perceived risk associated with the use thereof. This uncertainty and perceived risk elevate the importance of trust in fostering mobile banking adoption. The Generation Y cohort, which encompasses today’s youth, represents an important current and future banking segment and their adoption of mobile banking channels could have a significant effect on the cost of servicing members of this cohort. Understanding the factors that positively contribute to the Generation Y cohort’s trust in mobile banking will help retail banks to better market their mobile banking channels to members of this cohort and thereby foster greater adoption of such channels. The study reported in this article considers the influence of the perceived integrity of the bank and the perceived system quality of mobile banking on Generation Y students’ perceived trust in mobile banking in the South African context. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of 334 students registered at three public South African university campuses using a self-administered questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and bivariate regression analysis. The results of the study suggest that Generation Y students’ perceived integrity of a bank, together with the perceived system quality of mobile banking, has a significant positive influence on their perceived trust in mobile banking.
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Van Heerden, Chris, and Gary Van Vuuren. "Establishing The Relative Competitiveness Of South African Banking Shares: A Kalman Filter Approach." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i2.9152.
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<p>It is argued that the Basel III Accord will undermine the ROE of South African banks, and with the downgrading of South African banks during August 2014, will force investors to revaluate South African banking shares as attractive investment options. However, results from the Sharpe and Omega ratios, based on returns forecast using the Kalman filter, accentuate the likelihood that the South African industry can still be expected to be a competitive and feasible investment option after the downgrade. Evidence suggests that Capitec Bank Holdings Limited and Standard Bank Group Limited will perform the worst of all the South African banks, whereas FirstRand Limited, Investec Limited, and Barclays African Group will exhibit more promise in the future, outperforming world indices, such as the DAX, FTSE 100 and the S&P 500.</p>
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Dlodlo, Nobukhosi. "A second chance to serve South African private banking consumers: the role of post-transgression forgiveness." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(3-1).2017.02.
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While service failure is inevitable in the banking sector, the manner in which service recovery efforts are expedited poses vital implications for organizations vested in profitable relationships with their clients. In this vein, this study investigates the significance of post-transgression forgiveness in defining the resultant satisfaction levels of customers. A structured questionnaire was self-administered among 371 premium banking customers. The findings point to the salience of selected service recovery efforts towards the forgiveness inclinations and ultimate satisfaction levels of banking customers. In particular, both bank reciprocity norms (ß=0.459; p&lt;0.000) and extra-role behavior (ß=0.348; p&lt;0.000) positively influence post-transgression forgiveness by customers. On the other hand, extra-role behavior (ß=0.407; p&lt;0.000) and forgiveness (ß=0.373; p&lt;0.000) positively influence bank service satisfaction. Nevertheless, bank reciprocity was found to have a positive influence on extra-role behavior (ß=0.548; p&lt;0.000) in this study. The findings suggest the need for the development of a prescribed set of guidelines and bank procedures to support personalized service recovery efforts in the wake of service failures.
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Mishi, Syden, and Sibanisezwe Alwyn Khumalo. "Bank stability in South Africa: what matters?" Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(1).2019.11.
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The study examined the determinants of bank stability within the South African banking sector. By controlling for individual bank characteristics and market characteristics, the study determined possible determinants of solvency, a proxy for bank stability, measured by z-score within the South African financial sector. The South African financial sector is highly concentrated but with a significantly large number of banks, the greater portion being foreign owned banks. The business models of some of the financial intermediaries differ from the big four and therefore the influence of the type of business model is of great interest in this study, as it highlights a unique feature of the South African financial sector. The study’s investigation used panel data estimation techniques and found that among the specific bank characteristics, lending activity and capitalization do significantly affect solvency of banks and at sector level concentration was significant. The crisis dummy also revealed that the presence of a financial crisis heightened insolvency. The results have implications for financial institutions and therefore are of interest to regulators, bank management and researchers. Policy prescription in the form of Prompt Corrective Action framework is made to ensure proactive reaction to trends likely to cause instability.
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Sibindi, Athenia Bongani. "The Determinants of South African Banks' Capital Buffers." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2106.
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The financing decisions of banks remain an enigma, increasingly attracting the attention of banking regulators and corporate finance scholars alike. The ‘buffer view’ of bank capital is premised on the notion that banks keep capital in excess of the regulatory requirements in line with bank specific factors. This study sought to test the ‘buffer view’ of bank capital. Utilising a sample of 16 South African banks for the period 2006-2015, panel data techniques were employed to estimate a fixed effects model to test the relationship between buffer capital and the firm level determinants of capital structure. It was established that the risk and size variables were negatively related to the buffer capital variable, whilst the dividend variable was positively related. This was consistent with the predictions of the buffer view of capital. The findings lend credence to the ‘buffer view’ school of thought about bank capital. These findings are also inconsistent with bank capital regulations solely determining the capital structures of banks but epitomises some measure of voluntary capital structure decision making by banking firms.
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Sibindi, Athenia Bongani. "The Determinants of South African Banks’ Capital Buffers." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2106.
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The financing decisions of banks remain an enigma, increasingly attracting the attention of banking regulators and corporate finance scholars alike. The ‘buffer view’ of bank capital is premised on the notion that banks keep capital in excess of the regulatory requirements in line with bank specific factors. This study sought to test the ‘buffer view’ of bank capital. Utilising a sample of 16 South African banks for the period 2006-2015, panel data techniques were employed to estimate a fixed effects model to test the relationship between buffer capital and the firm level determinants of capital structure. It was established that the risk and size variables were negatively related to the buffer capital variable, whilst the dividend variable was positively related. This was consistent with the predictions of the buffer view of capital. The findings lend credence to the ‘buffer view’ school of thought about bank capital. These findings are also inconsistent with bank capital regulations solely determining the capital structures of banks but epitomises some measure of voluntary capital structure decision making by banking firms.
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Simatele, Munacinga. "Market Structure and Competition in the South African Banking Sector." Procedia Economics and Finance 30 (2015): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)01332-5.
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Delport, H., T. F. J. Steyn, and P. G. Mostert. "Relationship intention of South African banking and life insurance customers." Journal of Financial Services Marketing 16, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fsm.2011.27.
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Fotso, Bakam, and E. I. Edoun. "Critical Assessment of Banking Institutions in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2(J) (May 18, 2017): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2(j).1646.
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Banks play an important role in a country’s economy through investments, deposits and withdrawals. Many banking products are sold to clients to meet their financial needs and obligations. Their performances are therefore very critical in supporting socio economic development. Financial institutions still facing challenges linked to the lack of financial previsions through the use of financial tool that allows preventing financial distress. Banks are not always well-managed because managers lack capacity and the sound knowledge in dealing effectively with the analysis of risk and return and decision-making. The current study highlights and gives orientations on key performance indicators that bank can use to manage their financial conditions in advance in a sustainable manner. The major objective of this research is to critically assess the South African banks performance using Financial Ratio Analysis (FRA)and descriptive statistics through comparative financial statement analysis form 2010 to 2013 between“ the big four†South African banks. In using correlational analysis, the study aim to establish the link between exogenous and endogenous variables of bank performance. The results showed that FirstRand bank was the best achiever with a higher level of performance following by Standard bank, then Absa and Nedbank. Furthermore, it appears that there is a strong relationship between bank performance and bank size because the volume of assets represents the bigger source of bank incomes. This study opens door to further study including both large and small banks and a comparative analysis between two research methods. The paper is divided into five major sections.
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Fotso, Bakam, and E. I. Edoun. "Critical Assessment of Banking Institutions in South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i2.1646.
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Banks play an important role in a country’s economy through investments, deposits and withdrawals. Many banking products are sold to clients to meet their financial needs and obligations. Their performances are therefore very critical in supporting socio economic development. Financial institutions still facing challenges linked to the lack of financial previsions through the use of financial tool that allows preventing financial distress. Banks are not always well-managed because managers lack capacity and the sound knowledge in dealing effectively with the analysis of risk and return and decision-making. The current study highlights and gives orientations on key performance indicators that bank can use to manage their financial conditions in advance in a sustainable manner. The major objective of this research is to critically assess the South African banks performance using Financial Ratio Analysis (FRA)and descriptive statistics through comparative financial statement analysis form 2010 to 2013 between“ the big four” South African banks. In using correlational analysis, the study aim to establish the link between exogenous and endogenous variables of bank performance. The results showed that FirstRand bank was the best achiever with a higher level of performance following by Standard bank, then Absa and Nedbank. Furthermore, it appears that there is a strong relationship between bank performance and bank size because the volume of assets represents the bigger source of bank incomes. This study opens door to further study including both large and small banks and a comparative analysis between two research methods. The paper is divided into five major sections.
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Slazus, Barbara Jeanne, and Geoffrey Bick. "Factors that Influence FinTech Adoption in South Africa: A Study of Consumer Behaviour towards Branchless Mobile Banking." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 8, no. 1 (September 20, 2022): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.8-1-3.
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The widespread use of mobile phones and growth in internet penetration has created a unique opportunity to increase access to financial services. Financial Technology (FinTech) companies and mobile banking (m-banking) empower customers to use digital platforms to utilise financial services without the physical access requirements of traditional banking. This has led to the rise of FinTech firms that are disrupting traditional industry standards by servicing consumers through a range of digital channels and mobile devices. A new completely branchless bank, Bank Zero, is set to launch in South Africa in 2020 to exploit these opportunities. This consumer behavioural study focuses on analysing FinTech adoption in the South African market. An adapted mixed-method approach was used to identify the enabling and inhibiting factors that motivate consumers to adopt or reject m-banking. Qualitative research was initially conducted via in-depth interviews with 7 respondents. The most salient factors identified in the literature review were tested, and the results were used to develop a quantitative, online questionnaire. A convenience sample of 217 valid responses was collected, and the data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The EFA identified 6 influencing factors: four enabling and two inhibiting factors. The enabling factors that positively influenced FinTech adoption were: Utility, Socio-Economic Influencers, Mobile Device Trust and Youth. The two inhibiting factors were: Perceived Risks and Associated Costs. Interestingly, 74% of the 217 respondents indicated that they would join a completely branchless bank, using only their mobile phones and the internet to access banking services, showing a high propensity to branchless, m-banking. Finally, the Enhancement Criteria Model based on insights gained from the research findings, is proposed. This model provides recommendation criteria for existing and new FinTech providers who are looking to improve their business models. JEL Codes: D18, G40 Keywords: FinTech, mobile banking, m-banking, branchless banking, consumer behaviour, South Africa
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Coetzee, Johan. "Personal or remote interaction? Banking the unbanked in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 26, 2011): 448–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i4.188.
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The Financial Sector Charter (FSC) requires South African retail banks to provide retail products and services to the rural-based unbanked. The challenge is deciding whether or not banking the unbanked must be pursued through personal or remote channels. This study considers the challenge facing the four largest South African retail banks. It investigated trends in servicing this market since the effective date of the Charter. It found that banks are currently using an integrated approach combining personal and remote interaction and emphasising the promotion of financial literacy. It remains to be seen whether this approach truly adds value for the unbanked. It is recommended that further research be done to establish exactly what the behavioural characteristics of the unbanked are over a period of continuous use of bank products and services.
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Moloi, Tankiso. "Leading internal and external sources of credit risk in the top South African banks." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 3 (2014): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i3art6.
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This paper aimed at identifying the leading credit risk indicators in the South African banking context as well as the development of an integrated leading credit risk indicator model. A content analysis was used as a data extraction methodology and structural equation modelling was used as a data analysis methodology. The results obtained indicated that utilising the structural equation modelling, gross savings, and prime overdraft rates, number of judgements, business insolvencies and unemployment rates were formulated as leading economic and market (external) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. Similarly, utilising the principal component analysis, bank asset quality, bank asset concentration as well as bank trading and hedging activities were formulated as leading bank specific (internal) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. The Integrated Leading Credit Risk Indicator Model (ICRIM) was formulated utilising the accepted leading credit risk indicators. The ICRIM parameters were benchmarked against the generally accepted fit indices such as the RMSEA, comparative fit (baseline comparison) as well as the Hoelter and its results output were found to be consistent with these generally accepted fit indice
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Ozili, Peterson K., and Erick Rading Outa. "Bank income smoothing in South Africa: role of ownership, IFRS and economic fluctuation." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 5 (November 29, 2018): 1372–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2017-0342.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the use of loan loss provisions (LLPs) to smooth income by banks in South Africa. More specifically, the authors examine the influence of ownership, IFRS disclosure rules and economic fluctuation on the income smoothing behaviour of South African banks while controlling for the traditional determinants of bank income smoothing via LLPs. Design/methodology/approach The study employs fixed effect regression methodology to estimate the determinants of discretionary LLPs. Findings The authors find that South African banks do not use LLPs to smooth income when they are: under-capitalised, have large non-performing loans and have a moderate ownership concentration. On the other hand, income smoothing is pronounced when South African banks are rather more profitable during economic boom periods, well-capitalised during boom periods and is pronounced among banks that adopt IFRS and among banks with a Big 4 auditor. The authors also find that banks use LLPs for capital management purposes, and bank provisioning is procyclical with economic fluctuations. Practical implications Bank supervisors in South Africa should monitor the bank provisioning practices in South Africa closely to ensure that LLPs are not used as a substitute for bank capital. Banks in South Africa should not use sufficient provisioning as a substitute for sufficient bank capital. Second, the evidence for procyclical bank provisioning shows that provisioning by South African banks reinforce the current state of the economy and might compel bank supervisors in South Africa to consider the adoption of a dynamic provisioning system that is already adopted by bank supervisors in Spain, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia and Bolivia. Originality/value Bank income smoothing is an important issue because it has implications for banking stability and accounting transparency. There are few studies on bank income smoothing for emerging economies particularly in Africa where there are substantial differences in ownership and accounting rules. This is the first South African study to examine the influence of disclosure rules, ownership and economic cycle fluctuations on bank income smoothing behaviour via LLPs.
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Saini, Yvonne, Geoff Bick, and Loonat Abdulla. "Consumer awareness and usage of islamic banking products in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 14, no. 3 (August 25, 2011): 298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i3.193.
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This paper investigates the level of consumer awareness and use of Islamic banking products in South Africa. A non-probability sampling method was used whereby a questionnaire was administered to 250 respondents and statistically analysed to determine the factors that are important in the choice between Islamic or conventional banks. It was found that Muslims are aware of Islamic banks, but their rate of use is low, as Muslim customers regard efficiency, lower bank charges, the availability of automatic teller machines and an extensive branch network as important factors when it comes to choosing a bank, rather than religious motivations for compliance with Islamic conventions. It was concluded that, if Islamic banks wanted to attract and retain customers and remain relevant in the South African context, they would have to develop relevant strategies designed to meet customers’ needs. Religion as the sole motivation for choosing Islamic banks is inadequate.
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Rijamampianina, Rasoava. "A qualitative analysis of the internal audit function in the banking sector." Banks and Bank Systems 11, no. 4 (December 22, 2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.11(4-1).2016.07.
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In South Africa, the financial sector contributes approximately 10.5% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Although the 2007-2009 global financial crisis did not directly impact the domestic market, it threatened the profitability of the financial sector and triggered changes that affected the role of the internal audit function. In particular, stakeholders’ expectations from the function have significantly increased. Against this background, the study seeks to identify the key success factors of performing internal audit reviews of capital markets business areas within the big four South African banks. For this purpose, in-depth interviews with experienced internal auditors, risk managers and traders were carried out. The study suggests several implications and recommendations for the risk management, internal audit and audit committee functions that can also be adopted by interested parties from non-financial institutions. Keywords: internal audit, value creation, skills, stakeholders, capital markets. JEL Classification: G31, M42
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Michael, Oyewo Babajide. "Performance Measurement Systems and Firms' Characteristics." International Journal of Business Analytics 2, no. 3 (July 2015): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2015070105.
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The Nigerian banking industry, being the second largest in sub-Saharan Africa after the South-African banking industry, has evolved and undergone remarkable transformation over the years. As such, the evaluation of the Performance Measurement Systems (PMS) of banks in Nigeriabecomes highly desirable. In response, this research was undertaken to: identify the elements of PMS; investigate the appropriateness and effectiveness of PMS; and assess the interrelationship between the PMS and strategy in the Nigerian banking industry. Statistics such as charts, percentage analysis, Wilcoxon, Chi – square, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann- Whitney U tests were employed for data analyses. Following research findings that traditional financial measures were commonly used in the Nigerian banking industry, the study recommends the adoption of more innovative PMS to improve performance. Also, the inclusion of performance measures like innovation, continuous improvement, and risk management should be enshrined in the PMS of the Nigerian banking industry to strengthen monitoring.
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Okeahalam, C. Charles. "Production Efficiency in the South African Banking Sector: A Stochastic Analysis." International Review of Applied Economics 20, no. 1 (January 2006): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692170500362819.
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Van Heerden, Cornelius H., and Gustav Puth. "Factors that determine the corporate image of South African banking institutions." International Journal of Bank Marketing 13, no. 3 (May 1995): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02652329510082979.
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Wanke, Peter, Andrew Maredza, and Rangan Gupta. "Merger and acquisitions in South African banking: A network DEA model." Research in International Business and Finance 41 (October 2017): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.04.055.
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Potgieter, Ingrid L., and Annette M. Snyman. "Personal factors in talent retention in the South African banking industry." Journal of Psychology in Africa 28, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2018.1544393.
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