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1
Gibson, Dylan Lawrence. "The impact of the fostering of European industry and Victorian national feeling on African music knowledge systems: Considering possible positive implications." Journal of European Popular Culture 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jepc_00003_1.
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The European (Victorian) missionary influence on traditional African music in South Africa is largely seen in a negative light and not much focus is placed on possible positive implications. This article therefore serves to explore how external European influences, harnessed by some African musicians, partially aided in preserving and generating conceivably ‘new’ Euro-African hybrid traditional music genres – while at the same time preserving some fragmented forms of indigenous music knowledge for future generations. In general, the ultimate aim for the European missionaries was to allow Africans to, in effect, colonize ‘themselves’ by using their influence of Victorian (British nationalist) religion, education, technology, music and language as a means to socially ‘improve’ and ‘tame’ the ‘wild’ Africans. However, specifically with reference to music, African composers and arrangers – despite this colonizing influence – occasionally retained a musical ‘uniqueness’. John Knox Bokwe, an important figure in what can be termed the ‘Black Intellect’ movement, displays this sense of African musical uniqueness. His arrangement of ‘Ntsikana’s Bell’, preserved for future generations in the Victorian style of notation (or a version thereof), best illustrates the remnants of a popular cultural African indigenous musical quality that has been combined with the European cultural tonic sol-fa influence. Furthermore, the establishment of the popular cultural ‘Cape coloured voices’ also serves to illustrate one dimension of the positive implications that the fostering of European industry (industrialized developments) and Victorian national feeling/nationalism left behind. This is largely because this choral genre can be termed as a distinctly ‘new’ African style that contains missionary influence but that still retains an exclusive African quality.
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Thram, Diane. "JAZZ IN SERVICE OF THE STRUGGLE." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 10, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v10i4.2234.
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This article contributes to the substantial body of publications on South African jazz with information on jazz performance and performers in New Brighton, a township adjacent to Port Elizabeth noted for its vibrant jazz scene and outstanding jazz musicians. The article covers several decades from the heyday of swing bands in the 1940s–50s through the 1960s–70s when New Brighton’s premier jazz combo, the Soul Jazzmen, were at the height of their artistry. The role of swing bands in New Brighton and surrounding communities as the training ground for members of the Soul Jazzmen and other local musicians of note is discussed, as well as how the Soul Jazzmen in turn were tutors for musicians of the next generation who became widely recognized artists, composers and arrangers. This is followed by a focus on the Soul Jazzmen and compositions by its members that protested against the apartheid regime in the 1960s–70s. The article is informed by historic photographs, newspaper clippings and information from oral history interviews that richly document how jazz was performed in service of the anti-apartheid struggle in New Brighton.
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Tang, Patricia. "TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SABAR DRUMS: INNOVATIONS IN ORGANOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE PRACTICES IN SENEGAL AND THE DIASPORA." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v11i1.2292.
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This article contributes to the substantial body of publications on South African jazz with information on jazz performance and performers in New Brighton, a township adjacent to Port Elizabeth noted for its vibrant jazz scene and outstanding jazz musicians. The article covers several decades from the heyday of swing bands in the 1940s–50s through the 1960s–70s when New Brighton’s premier jazz combo, the Soul Jazzmen, were at the height of their artistry. The role of swing bands in New Brighton and surrounding communities as the training ground for members of the Soul Jazzmen and other local musicians of note is discussed, as well as how the Soul Jazzmen in turn were tutors for musicians of the next generation who became widely recognized artists, composers and arrangers. This is followed by a focus on the Soul Jazzmen and compositions by its members that protested against the apartheid regime in the 1960s–70s. The article is informed by historic photographs, newspaper clippings and information from oral history interviews that richly document how jazz was performed in service of the anti-apartheid struggle in New Brighton.
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Muller, Stephanus. "A COMPOSER IN AFRICA: AN INTERVIEW WITH STEFANS GROVÉ." Tempo 61, no. 240 (April 2007): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298207000101.
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South African composer Stefans Grové celebrates his eighty-fifth birthday this year. Grové studied under Erik Chisholm in Cape Town, took his Master's at Harvard under Walter Piston and attended Aaron Copland's composition class at the Tanglewood Summer School. He taught for over a decade at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore before returning to South Africa in 1972. He is Composer in Residence at the University of Pretoria.
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du Plessis, André. "WIKIS AND POWERPOINT AS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS IN SCIENTIFIC LITERACY: A PROPOSED HEURISTIC." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 57, no. 1 (December 25, 2013): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.57.25.
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The overall performances in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) of South African learners have been dismal to say the least and the Annual National Assessment test results of grade 3, 6 and 9 learners related to general literacy and mathematics have left a lot to be desired. Clearly this suggests that something has to be done to address this. At the same time, South African education is still suffering as a result of the legacy of apartheid and the great majority of schools are lacking basic resources such as libraries, infrastructure and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources, including internet connectivity. General learner literacy and ICT literacy development and usage for learning are high on the government’s agenda, as is scientific literacy. However, there seems to be a dearth of ‘how to’ implement ICT related activities to develop reading, talking, listening and writing within a science classroom learning context with special reference to promoting scientific literacy in its fundamental sense. The theoretical and practical outline that follows attempts to assist filling the void related to the above by introducing an ICT based scientific literacy heuristic that is infused by the ICT based ‘Extended Cyberhunt Approach’ of Du Plessis (2010) and Du Plessis and Webb (2011, 2012, in press) and the off-line Scientific Literacy model of Webb and Villanueva (2008); Webb and Mayaba (2010) and Webb (2010). The focus of the heuristic is to develop scientific reading, talking, listening and writing, as well as to establish a different classroom learning space and experience. In addition, it adds emphasis on on-going feedback from the teacher to the learners as well as focusing on reflection and journal writing to inform teacher planning and subsequent interactions in the science classroom. The additional potential of the heuristic is not only that it offers ICT literacy skills development and the development of skills within a curriculum related science context, but also that ICT skills can be developed even without internet connectivity through using Microsoft Word and/or PowerPoint for writing development and presentation or adding Web 2.0 tools such as a Wiki to complement Microsoft Word and/or PowerPoint if connectivity is available. Research suggests that various skills such as planning, searching and researching, presentation, assessment as well as various cognitive skills can be developed when ICT is used as a cognitive tool in a ‘Learning-as-Design’ context, i.e. when learners (students) become the designers and composers of artefacts related to topics that are curriculum based. This paper also then forms the base for an intervention in two primary schools in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa that has received ICT resources for the first time ever, including internet connectivity, in September 2013. Hence, the anticipated research within these two schools will explore whether this heuristic has the potential to assist with and improve scientific reading, talking, listening and writing, as well as whether this approach improves motivation and interest related to science learning and ICT literacy development, including the potential to develop planning, searching and researching, presentation, assessment as well as various associated cognitive skills. Key words: cognitive tools, heuristic, ICT, PowerPoint, Internet, scientific literacy.
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Brauer-Benke, József. "Afrikai citerák." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 14, no. 3-4. (January 30, 2021): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2020.14.3-4.3.
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A general historical survey of African zither types cannot fail to highlight the disproportionalities brought about in the study of Africa by the essentialistic ideology of Afrocentrism. Thus the widely known videoclip of the 1987 hit Yé-ké-yé-ké by the late Mory Kante (d. 22nd May 2020), musician and composer of Guinean Mandinka origin has allowed millions to experience the kora harp lute with which he accompanied his song and popularized this instrument as well as the musical tradition of the West African griots, while the obviously related mvet harp zither is scarcely known today. This despite the fact that both the latter instrument type and its specialists, the mbomo mvet master singers, played a very similar role in the cultures of the Central African chiefdoms, as did the nanga bards playing the enanga trough zither in the East African kingdoms. Another important and interesting historical insight provided by a careful morphological and etymological analysis of African zither types and their terminology that takes comparative account of South and Southeast Asian data and ethnographic parallels concerns the possibility of borrowings. Thus stick and raft zither types may well have reached the eastern half of West Africa and the northeastern part of Central Africa – several centuries prior to the era of European geographical explorations – owing to population movements over the Red Sea. It seems therefore probable that the African stick bridges harp zithers (in fact a sui generis instrument type rather than a subtype of zithers) developed from South Asian stick zither types. On the other hand, tube zithers and box zithers – fretted-enhanced versions of the stick zither – certainly reached Africa because of the migration of Austronesian-speaking groups over the Indian Ocean, since their recent ethnographic analogies have survived in Southeast Asia as well. By contrast types of trough zither, confined to East Africa, must have developed in Africa from box zither types, which are based on similar techniques of making the strings tense. The hypothesis of African zither types having originated from beyond the Indian Ocean is further strengthened by the absence of these instruments in such regions of Sub-Saharan Africa as the Atlantic coast of West Africa as well as in Northeast, Southwest and South Africa. Thus the historical overview of African zither types also helps refute the erroneous idea that prior to the arrival of European explorers and colonizers the continent was isolated from the rest of the world. In fact seafaring peoples such as the Austronesians, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and Persians did continually reach it, bringing with them cultural artifacts, production techniques and agricultural products among other things, which would then spread over large distances along the trade routes over Africa.
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Larbes, Said, D. James Harris, Catarina Pinho, Alexandra Lima, José Carlos Brito, and Miguel Carretero. "Relationships of Podarcis wall lizards from Algeria based on mtDNA data." Amphibia-Reptilia 30, no. 4 (2009): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853809789647103.
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AbstractRecent molecular studies indicate that Podarcis wall lizards occurring in the southern region of the Iberian Peninsula and in North Africa, from south Morocco to eastern Tunisia, constitute a monophyletic group composed of several highly differentiated forms that appear to be incipient species. However, Algerian populations, which are geographically intermediate, have not been investigated so far. In this study we determine the levels of genetic variability between Algerian populations and other North African populations, using a more extensive sampling scheme covering most of the distribution range in this area. Our results show that North African Podarcis present high genetic diversity, comprising at least five highly divergent lineages. Two of these lineages were only detected in Algeria, which harbours most of the genetic diversity found within Podarcis from North Africa.
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Olwage, Grant. "John Knox Bokwe, Colonial Composer: Tales about Race and Music." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 131, no. 1 (2006): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/fki010.
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This article intervenes in debates on the status of ‘race’ in ethno/musicological writings. It does so through an examination of the compositional discourse of colonial black South African choral music, particularly detailed analyses of the work of John Knox Bokwe (1855–1922) and their metropolitan sources such as late nineteenth-century gospel hymnody, exploring both how Bokwe's compositional practice enacted a politics that became anticolonial and how early black choral music became ‘black’ in its receptions. The article concludes that ethno/musicological claims that colonial black choral music contains ‘African’ musical content conflate race and culture under a double imperative: in the names of a decolonizing politics and a postcolonial epistemology in which hybridity as resistance is racialized.
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Stanley, Liz, and Sue Wise. "Putting it into Practice: Using Feminist Fractured Foundationalism in Researching Children in the Concentration Camps of the South African War." Sociological Research Online 11, no. 1 (April 2006): 14–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1121.
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Feminist fractured foundationalism has been developed over a series of collaborative writings as a combined epistemology and methodology, although it has mainly been discussed in epistemological terms. It was operationalised as a methodology in a joint research project in South Africa concerned with investigating two important ways that the experiences of children in the South African War 1899-1902, in particular in the concentration camps established during its commando and ‘scorched earth’ phase, were represented contemporaneously: in the official records, and in photography. The details of the research and writing process involved are provided around discussion of the nine strategies that compose feminist fractured foundationalism and its strengths and limitations in methodological terms are reviewed.
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Pohl, K., M. Cantwell, P. Herckes, and R. Lohmann. "Black carbon concentrations and sources in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Atlantic Ocean using four methodologies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2014): 7431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-7431-2014.
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Abstract. Combustion-derived aerosols in the marine boundary layer have been poorly studied, especially in remote environments such as the open Atlantic Ocean. The tropical Atlantic has the potential to contain a high concentration of aerosols, such as black carbon, due to the African emission plume of biomass and agricultural burning products. Atmospheric particulate matter samples across the tropical Atlantic boundary layer were collected in the summer of 2010 during the southern hemispheric dry season when open fire events were frequent in Africa and South America. The highest black carbon concentrations were detected in the Caribbean Sea and within the African plume, with a regional average of 0.6 μg m−3 for both. The lowest average concentrations were measured off the coast of South America at 0.2 to 0.3 μg m−3. Samples were quantified for black carbon using multiple methods to provide insights into the form and stability of the carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., thermally unstable organic carbon, soot like, and charcoal like). Soot-like aerosols composed up to 45% of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Caribbean Sea to as little as 4% within the African plume. Charcoal-like aerosols composed up to 29% of the carbonaceous aerosols over the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea, suggesting that non-soot-like particles could be present in significant concentrations in remote environments. To better apportion concentrations and forms of black carbon, multiple detection methods should be used, particularly in regions impacted by biomass burning emissions.
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SAMAAI, TOUFIEK, VASHA GOVENDER, and MICHELLE KELLY. "Cyclacanthia n.g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." Zootaxa 725, no. 1 (November 15, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1.
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The new genus Cyclacanthia n.g. is erected in the poecilosclerid Family Latrunculiidae for the type species Latrunculia bellae Samaai & Kelly, 2003, and two further species, Cyclacanthia cloverlyae sp. nov., and Cyclacanthia mzimayiensis sp. nov.. The latter species are from the subtropical east coast of South Africa, whereas C. bellae has only been found further south in warm temperate Algoa Bay. Cyclacanthia n.g. differs from other Latrunculiidae genera in the ontogeny, morphology and structure of the mature microsclere, the isospinodiscorhabd, which has only three major whorls of projections as opposed to the four in species of Latrunculia du Bocage. Additional diagnostic characters include the presence of broad swathes of megascleres that diverge from the base of the sponge towards the upper choanosome, where they form loose brushes and the typical whispy reticulation of most Latrunculiidae. The ectosome is composed of a dense tangential layer of megascleres, an irregular palisade of microscleres at the surface, and a permanently encrusting habit. Cyclacanthia n.g. is the second new latrunculid genus recently described from shallow subtidal South African waters, following major revision of the family. The presence of species in four of the five known genera in the family, on South African coastlines, suggests a diversity hot-spot for the family in this region.
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Mbumbwa, Tendai Ramona, and Joel Chigada. "Analysis of factors influencing black South African millennials when considering African Ankara fabric fashion." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2017-0168.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse factors influencing black South African millennials when considering African Ankara fabric fashion. Fashion adoption, particularly consumers’ intentions to adopt new fashion is valuable to companies and marketers of the vibrant clothing product. Therefore, this study helped to create awareness to marketers on what characteristics to look for and address when dealing with millennials. Design/methodology/approach The study was informed by the interpretivist research paradigm resulting in the adoption and use of a qualitative research methodology. The exploratory research design helped the authors to collect data for this study because the objective was to address a subject where the problem was not well understood and there was little research on the subject matter. In addition, the exploratory research design helped to identify the boundaries in which the research problems and situations of interest resided, thus, the “what if” type of questions were addressed in the study. Findings The study established that black South African millennials were aware and conversant with African Ankara fabric fashion because it communicated African culture as well as personality. It was revealed that attitude, influence of fashion involvement, country-of-origin effect, consumer ethnocentrism and opinion leaders played significant roles in influencing millennials in fashion adoption. Particularly of importance, the study observed that celebrities influenced black South African millennials in fashion adoption and purchase intentions. Black South African millennials confirmed that their technologically savvy nature and social media usage had morphed them into depending on information communication technology. Research limitations/implications The sample for the study was composed of individuals from the University of Cape Town which excluded potential sample participants from the rest of South Africa. The exclusion of potential sample members was attributed to the research methodology adopted and data collection techniques used. The limitations would have been mitigated if a different research methodology had been used. Practical implications The practical implications identified in this study are black South African millennials who are frugal and fluid customers, whose tastes and preferences are difficult to understand unless thorough research is done by marketers; black South African millennials are technologically savvy, therefore firms and marketers should use information communication technologies if they are to win loyalty of black South African millennials. Utilisation of traditional marketing (bricks and mortar) approaches do not work for this cohort of consumers; when designing products or services, marketers and firms should engage and involve millennials as part of the design strategy. Originality/value This study investigated influencing factors on millennials when considering African Ankara fabric fashion. Most studies focussed on Western clothing fashion, yet African fashion was symbolic and it communicated African culture. Failure to research on African Ankara fabric fashion creates a gap and dearth of literature, which is the reason why this study was undertaken. This study has implications for clothing designers and manufacturers who are excluding African Ankara fabric fashion.
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Bignotti, Alex, and Ingrid le Roux. "Discovering the entrepreneurial endowment of the youth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-02-2016-0020.
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Purpose Entrepreneurship is considered as a possible solution to youth unemployment, and the number of initiatives fostering youth entrepreneurship has multiplied accordingly, also in Africa. However, the effectiveness of such initiatives also lies in whether young people display personality and contextual dimensions conducive to starting and running businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine the composition of young South Africans’ “entrepreneurial endowment”, represented by personality traits and contextual variables commonly associated with entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach This paper surveyed secondary students using a questionnaire constructed from validated measurement instruments, obtaining 827 valid responses. It employed exploratory factor analysis to investigate the composition of respondents’ entrepreneurial endowment. It also compared respondents’ entrepreneurial endowment across demographic variables by means of t-tests and ANOVA. Findings The results reveal the existence of an entrepreneurial endowment composed of: need for achievement, locus of control, community support, two role models sub-constructs and two family support sub-constructs. Significant differences from the perspective of gender, cultural background and entrepreneurship education also emerged. Practical implications The findings confirm that young South Africans have the entrepreneurial endowment needed to be the recipients of entrepreneurship support and highlight relevant differences across demographic variables. Originality/value From a theoretical perspective, this paper unveils the structure of young South Africans’ entrepreneurial endowment, composed of four unique dimensions not found in previous research. The insights gained from comparing entrepreneurial endowment results across different groups offer practical implications.
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JOHNSON-WILLIAMS, ERIN. "The Examiner and the Evangelist: Authorities of Music and Empire, c.1894." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 145, no. 2 (November 2020): 317–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rma.2020.16.
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AbstractIn the 1890s, two musicians travelled between Britain and South Africa. One was the first examiner to travel abroad to examine for the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, Franklin Taylor. At the same time as Taylor’s arrival in the Cape in 1894, a black South African composer, John Knox Bokwe, prepared to republish a tonic sol-fa hymnal containing many hymns that eventually became popular in Britain, to which Bokwe travelled multiple times. Although these narratives might appear to reflect highly divergent contexts for musical experience, the fluctuating constructions of imperial authority encountered in the careers of both these men link their stories together more deeply than their geographical and cultural disparities set them apart. The synchronous presentation of their stories in this article thus raises questions of how music emerged as a metaphor for constructions of imperial knowledge across shifting cultural boundaries.
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Putsai, Unity Maqeda, and Msizi Mkhize. "Compliance With International Financial Reporting Standards and Value Relevance of Accounting Information in South Africa." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n4p277.
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The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 1) and the value relevance (VR) of accounting information. In this study forty-six companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange during the period 1993 to 2017. Panel data is used to compare the period before and after IFRS. The companies in the sample are composed of the following sectors; mining, manufacturing, banks and investment companies, real estate, general industry, retailers, construction and material, chemical and software, and computers. Based on the yearly financial reports published by public companies in South Africa, the study employed the Cookes (1992) Unweighted Disclosure Index to measure the level of compliance in South Africa. Fifty-six disclosure elements from IFRS 1 were utilized to measure the compliance level. Thereafter Ohlson (1995) Model is used with dummy variables to compare the pre-and post-IFRS period. First, the study reflected that most of the South African companies exhibit higher compliance rates ranging from 87 to 93.417 which is impressive. On the other hand, 4 companies recorded Medium level compliance that is between 60% to 79% compliance level. The findings further revealed that there is a significant positive association between compliance with IFRS 1 and the value relevance of accounting information.
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Dimitris Kitis, E., Tommaso M. Milani, and Erez Levon. "‘Black diamonds’, ‘clever blacks’ and other metaphors: Constructing the black middle class in contemporary South African print media." Discourse & Communication 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2018): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481317745750.
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South Africa (SA) has been undergoing a process of transformation since the end of White minority rule (apartheid) in 1994. During this period, various employment and lifestyle opportunities have given rise to a growing Black middle class (BMC). Against this backdrop, the article draws upon an intersectional approach to corpus-assisted discourse studies in order to examine the construction of the BMC in a 1.4 million-word corpus composed of 20 mainstream Anglophone South African newspaper titles published between 2008 and 2014. With the help of the corpus tool AntConc, the article investigates the collocates of ‘black middle class’, ‘black diamonds’, ‘clever blacks’ and ‘coconuts’, classifying results according to semantic categories in order to provide an idea of the multiple but nuanced representations of the BMC in contemporary SA. The analysis finds several lexically rich moralizing and paternalistic discourses that, in accordance with an intersectional perspective, enact a complex pattern of strategies that are simultaneously exclusionary and inclusionary.
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Makhubela, Malose S. "Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition across race with South African university students." South African Journal of Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316645045.
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Measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition across race (Blacks and Whites) was examined in a sample of university students, from two universities from diverse geographical areas of South Africa ( N = 870). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (i.e., means and covariance structures) was used to test the factorial invariance of the hierarchical four-factor structure, composed of three first-order factors (i.e., Negative Attitude, Performance Difficulty, and Somatic Complaints) and one second-order general factor (Depression) found with South African students. Evidence of measurement invariance was established at the level of configural, metric, and scalar invariance. However, there were some evidence of differential additive response style across race—with two non-invariant intercepts (Item 5 and 14) being identified. Results also revealed significant latent mean differences favoring Black students on the Performance Difficulty and Somatic Complaints factors but not on the Negative Attitude factor. Findings suggest that the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition provides an assessment of the severity of depressive symptoms that is equivalent across race in university students.
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Muller, Stephanus. "Apartheid Aesthetics and Insignificant Art." Journal of Musicology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2016.33.1.45.
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Stephanus Le Roux Marais (1896−1979) lived in Graaff-Reinet, South Africa, for nearly a quarter of a century. He taught music at the local secondary school, composed most of his extended output of Afrikaans art songs, and painted a number of small landscapes in the garden of his small house, nestled in the bend of the Sunday’s River. Marais’s music earned him a position of cultural significance in the decades of Afrikaner dominance of South Africa. His best-known songs (“Heimwee,” “Kom dans, Klaradyn,” and “Oktobermaand”) earned him the local appellation of “the Afrikaans Schubert” and were famously sung all over the world by the soprano Mimi Coertse. The role his ouevre played in the construction of a so-called European culture in Africa is uncontested. Yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to the rich evocations of landscape encountered in Marais’s work. Contextualized by a selection of Marais’s paintings, this article glosses the index of landscape in this body of cultural production. The prevalence of landscape in Marais’s work and the range of its expression contribute novel perspectives to understanding colonial constructions of the twentieth-century South African landscape. Like the vast, empty, and ancient landscape of the Karoo, where Marais lived during the last decades of his life, his music assumes specificity not through efforts to prioritize individual expression, but through the distinct absence of such efforts. Listening for landscape in Marais’s songs, one encounters the embrace of generic musical conventions as a condition for the construction of a particular national identity. Colonial white landscape, Marais’s work seems to suggest, is deprived of a compelling musical aesthetic by its very embrace and desired possession of that landscape.
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Feris, L. "Risk Management And Liability For EnvironmentalL Harm Caused By GMOS – The South African Regulatory Framework." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2006/v9i1a2810.
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Biotechnology is still relatively new and as with any new technology, it carries some level of risk. This necessitates appropriate risk assessments and appropriate risk management. One element of risk management however, is taking into account that during the production, development, transport or release of a GMO it may cause injury to person, property or the environment, regardless of risk management procedures. This calls for the existence of a liability regime that will place some legal responsibility on the party responsible for the harm. This paper assesses the South African regulatory framework of relevance to GMOs, which is composed of a fragmented set of laws that deals with risk assessment, risk management and liability for damage to the environment. It discusses the GMO Act as the principle legislation regulation GMOs and also the recent amendment thereof and also consider other legislation such as the ECA, NEMA and NEMA Biodiversity Act in an attempt to determine whether the regulatory framework addresses risk management and liability in an effective and adequate manner. It comes to the conclusion that South Africa does not as yet have a satisfactory legal regime that provides for risk management and liability in the context of GMOs.
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Kronenberg, Clive. "GUITAR COMPOSER LEO BROUWER: THE CONCEPT OF A ‘UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE’." Tempo 62, no. 245 (July 2008): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004029820800017x.
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In the realm of art music, Leo Brouwer (1939-) is widely considered as the most significant living composer for the guitar. Since the latter part of the 20th century, students of the guitar at most, if not all, recognized music institutions have increasingly sought to perform Brouwer's works. Correspondingly, at the South African College of Music (University of Cape Town) respected instructors like Elspeth Jack, Neefa van der Schyff, and others, have over many years consistently and devotedly incorporated Brouwer's guitar literature into their teaching programmes. Cape Town's prized composer-conductor Alan Stephenson has similarly developed a keen interest in Brouwer's large-scale works, inspiring in 1998 a memorable rendition of Brouwer's acclaimed Elegiaco Concerto, performed by the talented soloist Christiaan Van der Vyver and the University of Cape Town Orchestra. In line with this, one of Brouwer's underlying goals has been to create works that are accessible to players of varying standards of performance. As a consequence, young, inexperienced, moderate, advanced as well as top internationally-acclaimed virtuosic players have all found some measure of contentment in performing Brouwer's guitar works.
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Mbulawa, Zizipho Z. A., Nontuthuzelo I. Somdyala, Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda, and Anna-Lise Williamson. "High human papillomavirus prevalence among females attending high school in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0253074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253074.
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As part of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategy in South Africa, it is essential to have information on HPV prevalence, and HPV types distribution among the unvaccinated population. Information on the prevalence of HPV and the distribution of HPV types in adolescents and young women in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province is minimal. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence, distribution of HPV types, and factors associated with HPV infection amongst unvaccinated female learners. A sample composed of 213 sexually active female learners attending high schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa; median age 18 years, who provided self-collected vaginal specimens. Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay that detects 37 HPV genotypes was used to detect HPV infection. HPV infection was detected in 76.06% (162/213) of participants. Of these 14.55% (31/213) were positive for HPV types targeted by the Cervarix® HPV vaccine (HPV-16 and/or 18), 20.66% (44/213) by Gardasil®4 (HPV-6, -11, -16 and/or -18) and 37.09% (79/213) by Gardasil®9 (HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -45, -52 and/or -58). HPV-35, commonly detected in cervical cancer cases among women of African ancestry, was frequently detected (9.40%). Participants who reported to have ever consumed alcohol had a significantly higher risk of HPV infection (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.38–6.11, p = 0.005). High HPV prevalence was observed among participants. The high prevalence of HPV types targeted by the Gardasil®9 vaccine encourages the introduction of the Gardasil®9 vaccine. Data from this study will inform both vaccination campaigns and monitor the impact on HPV types after vaccination.
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Nkambule, T. I., R. W. M. Krause, J. Haarhoff, and B. B. Mamba. "The characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in South African waters." Water Supply 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.038.
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The removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water is becoming increasingly important in order to prevent the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs). The inadequate removal of NOM has a bearing on the capacity of other treatment processes to remove organic micro-pollutants or inorganic species that may be present in water. In order to effectively study the nature of South African water sources in terms of their NOM composition, water samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants in the five geographic water regions of South Africa. A raw water sample, an intermediate sample taken before sand filtration and a final sample after sand filtration were collected three times from these water treatment plants at two-month intervals and over three different seasons. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (FEEM), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), ultraviolet (UV) characterisation (200–900 nm) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) analyses were used to characterise the NOM in the water samples. The FEEM and UV results revealed that the samples were composed mainly of non-humic substances with low UV-254 absorbance, while some samples had high humic substances with high UV-254 values. The samples' DOC results were within the range of 3.25–21.44 mg/L carbon, which was indicative of the varying nature of the NOM composition in the regions where samples were collected. The BDOC fraction of the NOM, on the other hand, ranged from 20 to 65%, depending on the geographical location of the sampling site.
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Froneman, Willemien. "Ex-Centric Hermeneutics in Stephanus Muller's Nagmusiek." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 49 (2018): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2017.1328013.
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In this review article the author reads Nagmusiek – Stephanus Muller's monumental metafictional biography of South African composer Arnold van Wyk – as an extended allegory on the geopolitics of academic writing. She argues that the book articulates, through its unusual physical apparatus, narratological techniques and metafictional hermeneutic deconcealment, a valuable theory-in-praxis of the aporetics of peripheral writing. In so doing, Muller materializes Walter Mignolo's notion of ‘epistemic delinking’ in radically original and risky ways.
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Cândido, Elisa Silva, Mohammad Vatanparast, Wanderleia de Vargas, Luísa M. P. A. Bezerra, Gwilym P. Lewis, Vidal F. Mansano, André O. Simões, et al. "Molecular phylogenetic insights into the evolution of Eriosema (Fabaceae): a recent tropical savanna-adapted genus." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 194, no. 4 (August 9, 2020): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa059.
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Abstract Eriosema comprises c. 150 species and has a pantropical distribution and two centres of diversity, Africa and America. The species occur in tropical savannas and grasslands, including the cerrado in Brazil. They have adapted to these environments by developing specialized underground organs, and an abundance of trichomes. Here we present the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Eriosema, including species from its entire distribution range and generating 391 new DNA sequences. We sampled 140 species from nine genera of Cajaninae, of which 94 (60% of the genus) were Eriosema. Our analyses were based on the nuclear ITS and plastid rpl32 and trnQ regions, and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of individual and combined data sets. In all analyses, Eriosema was resolved as monophyletic, but its interspecific relationships are not well resolved. Rhynchosia is not monophyletic, and some African Rhynchosia spp. emerged together as sister to Eriosema. Our study supports the monophyly of Adenodolichos, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Cajanus, but Chrysoscias and Bolusafra formed a clade that is sister to a group of Rhynchosia spp. Paracalyx was resolved as paraphyletic and nested among African Rhynchosia spp. Divergence time analysis suggested that the Eriosema lineages diverged 6.5–10.7 Mya. Two major lineages have diversified in Eriosema, one including most of the African species (4.41–6.68 Mya), the other mainly composed of the South American cerrado species (3.56–5.78 Mya). These results revealed that Eriosema is a recent and tropical savanna-adapted group, and its diversification occurred in the late Miocene in parallel with the expansion of C4 grasslands.
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Maiga, Deogratius T., Bhekie B. Mamba, and Titus A. M. Msagati. "Distribution profile of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in South African aquatic systems." Water Supply 20, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.185.
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Abstract This paper reports the results of a study on the analysis and characterization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in samples that were collected from selected freshwater dams in South Africa. The study employed a combination of complementary techniques to ascertain the analytical procedures and the occurrence of TiO2 NPs in water. Characterization, identification and quantification of TiO2 NPs in surface water samples from five sampled dams was performed using several techniques including scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (FEEM) and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS). The SP-ICP-MS technique was able to simultaneously determine the size and concentration of both the dissolved and particulate titanium (Ti) in water samples. The Ti-containing NPs were found at concentrations ranging from 8.3 × 104 parts/mL to 1.4 × 105 parts/mL in the presence of 14.9 μg/L to 243 μg/L dissolved Ti. The TiO2 nanoparticles were mostly composed of small agglomerates ranging from 102.9 nm to 158.9 nm in size.
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SINEV, ARTEM Y. "Revision of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato and its status as a subgenus of Coronatella Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)." Zootaxa 4732, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 501–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4732.4.1.
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The taxonomic status of the elegans-group of Alona s. lato (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) is herein examined. The West Palearctic Alona elegans Kurz, 1875 and poorly known African taxon Coronatella cf. bukobensis (Weltner, 1897) are redescribed, and new data on morphology of Coronatella circumfimbriata (Megard, 1967) and Coronatella rectangula (Sars, 1861) is added. Based on analysis of original and literature data, the elegans-group is herein suggested as a separate subgenus within the genus Coronatella, namely Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. Main diagnostic features of the latter include: (1) seta arising from the basal segment of antenna endopodite much longer than endopodite; (2) acessory seta of limb I long, almost as long as ODL seta; (3) setae 2-3 of IDL armed with uniform thin setulae; (4) exopodite of limb II with a very short, rudimentary seta. Coronatella (Ephemeralona) subgen. nov. is a morphologically uniform basal group of the genus. It is distributed mostly in the arid belt of the Old World, with a single species known from South Africa. C. (Coronatella) is distributed worldwide; it is composed of several distinct species-groups with overlapping areas of distribution. A checklist of Coronatella species is provided.
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Musila, Grace A. "Lofs Wife Syndrome and Double Publics in South Africa." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1452–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1452.
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In a Compelling Reading of Sol Plaatje's Native Life in South Africa, Bhekizizwe Peterson Remarks on the Work's Inscription of multiple imagined readers with different investments in the narrative (79). Quoting from Jean-Paul Sartre's reflections on the intricacies of addressing fractured, and sometimes future, publics, Peterson writes:[T]he works of writers who find themselves on the “margin of the privileged class” contain a “double simultaneous postulation,” a consequence of the “fracture” in the “actual public” in which their art is produced and consumed. Because the “real public” consists largely of the conservative forces that compose the dominant class and ideology, the marginal writer is compelled to address “the progressive forces, or the virtual public” even if “the oppressed classes have neither the leisure nor the taste for reading.” In engaging the future and its virtual public—“an emptiness to be filled in, an aspiration”—the writing exceeds its actual limits and extends itself step by step to the infinite. (81)
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Baderoon, Gabeba. "“I Compose Myself”: Lesbian Muslim Autobiographies and the Craft of Self-Writing in South Africa." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 83, no. 4 (October 9, 2015): 897–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfv075.
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Alonso-Chaves, F., J. I. Soto, M. Orozco, A. A. Kilias, and M. D. Tranos. "TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE BETIC CORDILLERA: AN OVERVIEW." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16563.
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The Betic (Southern Spain) and the Rif (Morocco) mountain chains, connected through the Gibraltar Strait, shapes a W-E elongated and arcuate Alpine orogenic belt. The Alborân Sea, in continuity to the east with the South Balearic Basin, is located in the inner part of this alpine belt. The Iberian and African continental forelands bound the region as a whole to the north and south, respectively, and to the east it is connected to the oceanic Sardine-Balearic Basin. The peculiarities of these westernmost Mediterranean chains result from: (1) its position between two large convergent plates -Africa and Europe- that have had variable directions of relative motion since the late Cretaceous; and (2) the Neogene westward migration of the orogenic hinterland and its simultaneous "back-arc"-like extension, generating the Alborén Sea basin. The complexes and large paleogeographic terrains traditionally recognized in the Betic and Rif chains belong to four pre-Neogene crustal domains: the South-Iberian and Maghrebian passive continental paleomargins (External Zones of the orogen), the Flysch Units, and the Alborân Crustal Domain composed mainly of a pre- Miocene metamorphosed thrust-stack (Nevado-Filabride, Alpujârride, and Malaguide complexes, from bottom to top). The boundaries between the main metamorphic complexes of the Alborân Domain are extensional detachments, which finally developed under brittle conditions and are commonly sealed by middle-to-late Miocene marine-to-continental sediments. They, nonetheless, are not the most recent structures in the Alborân Domain, because upright, E-W open folds warp the extensional detachments, and finally, high-angle normal faults and strike-slip faults, many of which are still active, offset folds and extensional detachments. The tectonic evolution of the Betic Alborân orogenic system shows close similarities with the one depicted in other arcuate-shaped, Alpine mountain ranges in the Mediterranean, such as the Hellenic Arc and the Aegean Sea. Like in the westernmost Mediterranean, a thickened (pre Miocene) crust is bounding there a thinned, continental (?) basin. Extension is also formed here in a "back-arc" setting, being developed simultaneously with the N-S convergence between the African and European plates.
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Mafini, Chengedzai. "The Contribution Of Organisational Climate To Employee Well-Being." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i4.9728.
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There is ample space for further human resource based research in the service industry sector in South Africa. For that reason, this study developed and tested a conceptual framework that linked employee well-being to four organisational climate factors; namely, manager-employee relationships, working conditions, remuneration and work allocation. An adapted six section structured questionnaire was administered to a conveniently recruited sample composed of 164 employees drawn from seven service industry enterprises located in Southern Gauteng, South Africa. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. All four organisational climate dimensions were statistically significant, implying that they predict employee well-being in the service industry. The results of this study may be used by managers in similar environments as either diagnostic tools or as a reference benchmark for strategic interventions in solving employee well-being related problems.
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Heinicke, Craig, and Wayne A. Grove. "Labor Markets, Regional Diversity, and Cotton Harvest Mechanization in the Post-World War II United States." Social Science History 29, no. 2 (2005): 269–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012955.
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As hand-harvest labor disappeared from the American cotton fields after World War II, labor market dynamics differed between two key production regions, the South and the West. In the South, predominantly resident African Americans and whites harvested cotton, whereas in the West the labor market was composed of white residents, domestic Latino migrant workers, and Mexican nationals temporarily immigrating under the sponsorship of the U.S. government (braceros). We use newly reconstructed data for the two regions and estimate for the first time the regional causes of the demise of the hand-harvest labor force from 1949 to 1964. Whereas cheaper harvest mechanization substantially affected both regions, the downward trend in cotton prices and government programs to control cotton acreage played important roles in the disappearance of hand–harvested cotton in the South, but not in the West.
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Bloch, B. J. "Interdepartmental conflict in large enterprises in South Africa: A survey." South African Journal of Business Management 18, no. 2 (June 30, 1987): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i2.1003.
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Managerial literature has always tended to underrate the significance of the horizontal or lateral dimension of organizations. The rationale for this paper is the increasing importance of lateral interdepartmental relationships as business enterprises increase in size and complexity. The aim of this investigation is to determine the extent to which interdepartmental conflict prevails, and the nature of the causes thereof, in large enterprises in South Africa. The investigation was conducted by means of a mail survey of manufacturing enterprises with in excess of 300 employees. A questionnaire composed of 24 multiple-choice items was sent to 900 manufacturing enterprises. A total of 282 usable responses was obtained. Responses indicate that enterprises in the sample generally experience moderate to high levels of interdepartmental conflict. The results indicate that the level of interdepartmental conflict does not differ statistically with respect to size of enterprise, geographic location or the nature of the responding department. The breakdown of responses suggests that production and marketing departments play a dominant role in the interdepartmental scenario, with finance and personnel taking a secondary role.
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Werdelin, Lars, and Margaret E. Lewis. "Carnivora from the South Turkwel hominid site, northern Kenya." Journal of Paleontology 74, no. 6 (November 2000): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000017698.
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A small collection of carnivoran fossils from the South Turkwel hominid site is described. The fauna is composed of Megantereon ekidoit new species, Homotherium sp., Crocuta cf. dietrichi, cf. Pachycrocuta sp., Canis new species A., cf. Civettictis sp., Viverridae or Herpestidae indet., and Lutrinae indet. The record of Megantereon and Canis, as well as Pachycrocuta and Civettictis, if these genera are identified correctly, represents the earliest occurrences of their respective taxa in Africa. These specimens suggest a relatively rapid reorganization of the carnivore guild some time around 3.5 Ma, followed by a longer period of transition to a fauna more comparable in composition to the modern one.
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Erragragui, Mohamed, Aïssa Masrour, Hicham Benbaqqal, and Mostafa Gretaa. "Le Domérien-Toarcien Inférieur De La Ride De Fert Elbir (Rides Sud-Rifaines, Maroc)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 36 (December 31, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n36p132.
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The South-Rifain ridges are located at 30 Km in the North of Meknes City, they constitute the extreme southern limit of the Rifaine chain. Globally, these ridges integrate into the history of African northwestern margin evolution. Mainly, the frame of this ridge is composed of the Jurassic sedimentation. The Fert Elbir ridge, subject of this study, is among the leading reliefs in the South-Rifain ridges. Generally, in this ridge, two geological sections have been studied, in the objective to determine and to understand the history of sedimentological, bio-stratigraphical and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Jurassic sedimentary series. Essentially, it includes the carbonates and marls deposits, composed mainly by several facies and micro-facies, grouped in eight facies associations. They contain a very important biological diversity especially at the level of the middleDomerian. Paleo-environmentally, this sedimentation series was deposited in the many diversified environments, having the areas of deposit essentially very close to the coast (proximal), or located in distal position with several hundred meters from the shore.
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VANDERGAST, AMY G., DAVID B. WEISSMAN, DUSTIN A. WOOD, DAVID C. F. RENTZ, CORINNA S. BAZELET, and NORIHIRO UESHIMA. "Tackling an intractable problem: Can greater taxon sampling help resolve relationships within the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)?" Zootaxa 4291, no. 1 (July 11, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4291.1.1.
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The relationships among and within the families that comprise the orthopteran superfamily Stenopelmatoidea (suborder Ensifera) remain poorly understood. We developed a phylogenetic hypothesis based on Bayesian analysis of two nuclear ribosomal and one mitochondrial gene for 118 individuals (84 de novo and 34 from GenBank). These included Gryllacrididae from North, Central, and South America, South Africa and Madagascar, Australia and Papua New Guinea; Stenopelmatidae from North and Central America and South Africa; Anostostomatidae from North and Central America, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa; members of the Australian endemic Cooloola (three species); and a representative of Lezina from the Middle East. We also included representatives of all other major ensiferan families: Prophalangopsidae, Rhaphidophoridae, Schizodactylidae, Tettigoniidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae and Myrmecophilidae and representatives of the suborder Caelifera as outgroups. Bayesian analyses of concatenated sequence data supported a clade of Stenopelmatoidea inclusive of all analyzed members of Gryllacrididae, Stenopelmatidae, Anostostomatidae, Lezina and Cooloola. We found Gryllacrididae worldwide to be monophyletic, while we did not recover a monophyletic Stenopelmatidae nor Anostostomatidae. Australian Cooloola clustered in a clade composed of Australian, New Zealand, and some (but not all) North American Anostostomatidae. Lezina was included in a clade of New World Anostostomatidae. Finally, we compiled and compared karyotypes and sound production characteristics for each supported group. Chromosome number, centromere position, drumming, and stridulation differed among some groups, but also show variation within groups. This preliminary trait information may contribute toward future studies of trait evolution. Despite greater taxon sampling within Stenopelmatoidea than previous efforts, some relationships among the families examined continue to remain elusive.
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Blackshaw, DD, and AJ Oliver. "The Composition of Phytobezoars (Felt Balls) from Sheep in Western Australia." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 1 (1986): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860070.
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Bezoars (felt balls) from sheep on Jeedamya and Adelong stations north of Kalgoorlie, and on a farm near York, Western Australia, were examined microscopically and found to consist principally of a dense mass of sclerenchyme fibres. In size, colour and texture the bezoars closely resemble bezoars composed of plant epidermal hairs, described by South African workers. Acacra ramulosa is suggested as the likely source of bezoar fibres at Jeedamya and Adelong. The source of fibres from York was not determined. The identification of plant species from which bezoar fibres are derived may make possible the control of bezoariasis by grazing management.
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Birindelli, José L. O. "Phylogenetic relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 3 (September 16, 2014): 451–564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20120027.
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A phylogenetic analysis based on 311 morphological characters is presented for most species of the Doradidae, all genera of the Auchenipteridae, and representatives of 16 other catfish families. The hypothesis that was derived from the six most parsimonious trees support the monophyly of the South American Doradoidea (Doradidae plus Auchenipteridae), as well as the monophyly of the clade Doradoidea plus the African Mochokidae. In addition, the clade with Sisoroidea plus Aspredinidae was considered sister to Doradoidea plus Mochokidae. Within the Auchenipteridae, the results support the monophyly of the Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The latter is composed of Tocantinsia, and four monophyletic units, two small with Asterophysusand Liosomadoras, and Pseudotatiaand Pseudauchenipterus, respectively, and two large ones with the remaining genera. Within the Doradidae, parsimony analysis recovered Wertheimeriaas sister to Kalyptodoras, composing a clade sister to all remaining doradids, which include Franciscodorasand two monophyletic groups: Astrodoradinae (plus Acanthodorasand Agamyxis) and Doradinae (new arrangement). Wertheimerinae, new subfamily, is described for Kalyptodoras and Wertheimeria. Doradinae is corroborated as monophyletic and composed of four groups, one including Centrochirand Platydoras, the other with the large-size species of doradids (except Oxydoras), another with Orinocodoras, Rhinodoras, and Rhynchodoras, and another with Oxydorasplus all the fimbriate-barbel doradids. Based on the results, the species of Opsodoras are included in Hemidoras; and Tenellus, new genus, is described to include Nemadoras trimaculatus, N. leporhinusand Nemadoras ternetzi. Due to conflicting hypotheses of the phylogenetic position of Acanthodoras, Agamyxis, and Franciscodoras, these are considered as incertae sedisin Doradidae. All suprageneric taxa of the Doradoidea are diagnosed based on synapomorphic morphological characteristics.
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Bridier, Julen, Olivier Claisse, Monika Coton, Emmanuel Coton, and Aline Lonvaud-Funel. "Evidence of Distinct Populations and Specific Subpopulations within the Species Oenococcus oeni." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 23 (October 8, 2010): 7754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01544-10.
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ABSTRACT Among the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in the oenological microbial ecosystem, Oenococcus oeni, an acidophilic lactic acid bacterium, is essential during winemaking. It outclasses all other bacterial species during malolactic fermentation (MLF). Oenological performances, such as malic acid degradation rate and sensorial impact, vary significantly according to the strain. The genetic diversity of the O. oeni species was evaluated using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Seven housekeeping genes were sequenced for a collection of 258 strains that had been isolated all over the world (particularly Burgundy, Champagne, and Aquitaine, France, Chile, South Africa, and Italy) and in several wine types (red wines, white wines, and champagne) and cider. The allelic diversity was high, with an average of 20.7 alleles per locus, many of them being rare alleles. The collection comprised 127 sequence types, suggesting an important genotypic diversity. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree constructed from the concatenated sequence of the seven housekeeping genes showed two major phylogenetic groups, named A and B. One unique strain isolated from cider composed a third group, rooting the phylogenetic tree. However, all other strains isolated from cider were in group B. Eight phylogenetic subgroups were statistically differentiated and could be delineated by the analysis of only 32 mutations instead of the 600 mutations observed in the concatenated sequence of the seven housekeeping genes. Interestingly, in group A, several phylogenetic subgroups were composed mostly of strains coming from a precise geographic origin. Three subgroups were identified, composed of strains from Chile, South Africa, and eastern France.
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Thlesenhusen, William C. "Have Agricultural Economists Neglected Poverty Issues? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 4I (December 1, 1991): 551–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i4ipp.551-578.
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In the short term one can be pessimistic about the collective progress of the Third World and its interactions with industrial countries. There is plenty of bad news. With one-quarter of the world's population, industrialized countries consume about 80 percent of the world's goods. With three-quarters of the world's population, developing countries command less than one-quarter of the world's resources. And the imbalance is growing worse.! Of the 2.7 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions outside of China, 40 percent live in poverty; more than 14 million of their children under 5 years of age starve to death or die of disease each year? Furthermore, at the same time as an increasing proportion of the population of Africa is composed of young people (65 percent of its population is now under age 25), education budgets are being cut - from $ 10.8 billion in 1980 to $ 5.8 billion in 1986.3 In an article assessing the globalization of economies, Richard J. Barnet writes: "Poverty, population pressures, civil war, and repression are turning Sub-Saharan Africa - black Africa minus South Africa and Namibia - into a giant disaster zone, and in countries in South America, such as Colombia and Peru, the civil society is dissolving. In the Philippines more than seventy percent of the population is poor by any human standard. With the end of the Cold War, the increasing marginalization of the Third World appears likely."4 The predictions are ominous. Barnet concludes his article, written before the crisis in Iraq, by speaking to an industrial-country audience: "There is no real north-south dialogue, and politicians in the industrial world feel little pressure to begin one.
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Bittencourt, Jonathas S., and Max C. Langer. "Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 1 (March 2011): 23–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011000100003.
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The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no dinosaur body-fossils of Jurassic age and the evidence of ornithischians in Brazil is very limited. Dinosaur faunas from this country are generally correlated with those from other parts of Gondwana throughout the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, there is a close correspondence to Argentina and other south-Pangaea areas. Mid-Cretaceous faunas of northeastern Brazil resemble those of coeval deposits of North Africa and Argentina. Southern hemisphere spinosaurids are restricted to Africa and Brazil, whereas abelisaurids are still unknown in the Early Cretaceous of the latter. Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of south-central Brazil are endemic only to genus or, more conspicuously, to species level, sharing closely related taxa with Argentina, Madagascar, Indo-Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, continental Africa.
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Ventura, Manuel J. "Prosecutor v. Al-Bashir." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 4 (October 2017): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.95.
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On July 6, 2017, Pre-Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court (the Court or ICC)—composed of Judges Tarfusser, Perrin de Brichambaut, and Chung—held that South Africa violated the Rome Statute of the ICC (Rome Statute) by failing to arrest and surrender to the Court President Omar Al-Bashir of Sudan when he visited the country in June 2015. However, the Court did not refer the matter to the ICC Assembly of States Parties (ASP) or the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) pursuant to Article 87(7) of the Rome Statute. The decision added South Africa to a list of ICC state parties that have failed in their Rome Statute obligations with respect to the incumbent head of state of Sudan. It also marked the first time that the ICC Office of the Prosecutor (OTP), all ICC states parties, and the United Nations (UN) were invited to present their views and argue fully what is perhaps the most legally contentious and politically sensitive issue that the ICC has faced in its history.
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Samolov, Elena, Karen Baumann, Burkhard Büdel, Patrick Jung, Peter Leinweber, Tatiana Mikhailyuk, Ulf Karsten, and Karin Glaser. "Biodiversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria in Biological Soil Crusts Collected Along a Climatic Gradient in Chile Using an Integrative Approach." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071047.
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Biocrusts are associations of various prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms in the top millimeters of soil, which can be found in every climate zone on Earth. They stabilize soils and introduce carbon and nitrogen into this compartment. The worldwide occurrence of biocrusts was proven by numerous studies in Europe, Africa, Asia and North America, leaving South America understudied. Using an integrative approach, which combines morphological and molecular characters (small subunit rRNA and ITS region), we examined the diversity of key biocrust photosynthetic organisms at four sites along the latitudinal climate gradient in Chile. The most northern study site was located in the Atacama Desert (arid climate), followed by open shrubland (semiarid climate), a dry forest region (Mediterranean climate) and a mixed broad leaved-coniferous forest (temperate climate) in the south. The lowest species richness was recorded in the desert (18 species), whereas the highest species richness was observed in the Mediterranean zone (40 species). Desert biocrusts were composed exclusively of single-celled Chlorophyta algae, followed by cyanobacteria. Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and cyanobacteria dominated semiarid biocrusts, whereas Mediterranean and temperate Chilean biocrusts were composed mostly of Chlorophyta, Streptophyta and Ochrophyta. Our investigation of Chilean biocrust suggests high biodiversity of South American biocrust phototrophs.
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Kruger, Jean-Leigh, Nadine Gravett, Adhil Bhagwandin, Nigel C. Bennett, Elizabeth K. Archer, and Paul R. Manger. "Sleep in the Cape Mole Rat: A Short-Sleeping Subterranean Rodent." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 87, no. 2 (2016): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444742.
Full textAbstract:
The Cape mole rat Georychus capensis is a solitary subterranean rodent found in the western and southern Cape of South Africa. This approximately 200-gram bathyergid rodent shows a nocturnal circadian rhythm, but sleep in this species is yet to be investigated. Using telemetric recordings of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in conjunction with video recordings, we were able to show that the Cape mole rat, like all other rodents, has sleep periods composed of both rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave (non-REM) sleep. These mole rats spent on average 15.4 h awake, 7.1 h in non-REM sleep and 1.5 h in REM sleep each day. Cape mole rats sleep substantially less than other similarly sized terrestrial rodents but have a similar percentage of total sleep time occupied by REM sleep. In addition, the duration of both non-REM and REM sleep episodes was markedly shorter in the Cape mole rat than has been observed in terrestrial rodents. Interestingly, these features (total sleep time and episode duration) are similar to those observed in another subterranean bathyergid mole rat, i.e. Fukomys mechowii. Thus, there appears to be a bathyergid type of sleep amongst the rodents that may be related to their environment and the effect of this on their circadian rhythm. Investigating further species of bathyergid mole rats may fully define the emerging picture of sleep in these subterranean African rodents.
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Jung, Hahn Chul, Augusto Getirana, Kristi R. Arsenault, Thomas R. H. Holmes, and Amy McNally. "Uncertainties in Evapotranspiration Estimates over West Africa." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080892.
Full textAbstract:
An evapotranspiration (ET) ensemble composed of 36 land surface model (LSM) experiments and four diagnostic datasets (GLEAM, ALEXI, MOD16, and FLUXNET) is used to investigate uncertainties in ET estimate over five climate regions in West Africa. Diagnostic ET datasets show lower uncertainty estimates and smaller seasonal variations than the LSM-based ET values, particularly in the humid climate regions. Overall, the impact of the choice of LSMs and meteorological forcing datasets on the modeled ET rates increases from north to south. The LSM formulations and parameters have the largest impact on ET in humid regions, contributing to 90% of the ET uncertainty estimates. Precipitation contributes to the ET uncertainty primarily in arid regions. The LSM-based ET estimates are sensitive to the uncertainty of net radiation in arid region and precipitation in humid region. This study serves as support for better determining water availability for agriculture and livelihoods in Africa with earth observations and land surface models.
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MACFARLANE, TERRY D., GALINA V. DEGTJAREVA, TAHIR H. SAMIGULLIN, CARMEN M. VALIEJO-ROMAN, CONSTANTIN I. FOMICHEV, and DMITRY D. SOKOLOFF. "Althenia tzvelevii (Potamogetonaceae), a new species from SW Western Australia with bilocular anthers: morphology and molecular phylogenetic relationships." Phytotaxa 471, no. 3 (November 17, 2020): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.3.2.
Full textAbstract:
A new species Althenia tzvelevii is described from south western Australia. This is the second species after A. bilocularis described with bilocular anthers. Illustrations of plant morphology are provided by means of SEM images and habitat photographs are included. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species were investigated using five plastid DNA markers (matK, ndhF, rbcL, rpoB, and rpoC1), with published sequences augmented by several new sequences resulting in coverage of all described species in the genus. Althenia tzvelevii forms a clade with A. patentifolia and A. bilocularis and other relationships within the genus are clarified. The Western Australian Althenia hearnii is strongly supported as sister to the Eurasian-African clade composed by A. filiformis and A. orientalis.
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de Wit, M., and M. Bamford. "Fossil wood from the Upper Cretaceous crater sediments of the Salpeterkop volcano, North West Province, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 124, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.124.0028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Salpeterkop volcano forms part of what has been referred to as the Upper Cretaceous Sutherland Suite of alkaline rocks, an igneous province composed of olivine melilitites, carbonatites, trachytes and ultramafic lamprophyres. Salpeterkop is a remnant of the summit tuff ring structure that surrounds a crater which is almost 1 km in diameter and is filled with epiclastic strata. Five pieces of silicified wood were collected from the crater filled sediments, sectioned and identified as a new species of Cupressinoxylon, C. widdringtonioides. This is the first example of the fossil genus in South Africa. Only one member of the Cupressaceae s.l. occurs in southern Africa today. From the wide and indistinct growth rings in the fossil wood it can be deduced that the local climate was warm and humid with little or no seasonality, in support of global records of a warm Late Cretaceous. The preservation of the crater further signifies the low level of erosion the region has experienced since its emplacement.
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Kammerer, Christian F., and Vladimir Masyutin. "Gorgonopsian therapsids (Nochnitsa gen. nov. and Viatkogorgon) from the Permian Kotelnich locality of Russia." PeerJ 6 (June 8, 2018): e4954. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4954.
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The early evolution of gorgonopsians is poorly understood. New material from the Kotelnich locality in Russia expands our knowledge of middle/earliest late Permian gorgonopsians from Laurasia. Two gorgonopsian taxa are recognized from Kotelnich: Viatkogorgon ivakhnenkoi Tatarinov, 1999 and Nochnitsa geminidens gen. et sp. nov. Nochnitsa can be distinguished from all known gorgonopsians by its unique upper postcanine tooth row, composed of pairs of teeth (a small anterior and larger posterior) separated by diastemata. Both Viatkogorgon and Nochnitsa are relatively small gorgonopsians, comparable in size to the South African middle Permian taxon Eriphostoma. Inclusion of Viatkogorgon and Nochnitsa in a phylogenetic analysis of gorgonopsians recovers them in basal positions, with Nochnitsa representing the earliest-diverging gorgonopsian genus. All other sampled gorgonopsians fall into two major subclades: one made up entirely of Russian taxa (Inostrancevia, Pravoslavlevia, Sauroctonus, and Suchogorgon) and the other containing only African gorgonopsians. The high degree of endemism indicated in this analysis for gorgonopsians is remarkable, especially given the extensive intercontinental dispersal inferred for coeval therapsid groups.
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Mathebula, Rifumuni Nancy, and Tawanda Runhare. "The Knowledge Landscape of School Disciplinary Committees on Disciplinary Policies in Mopani Education district, Limpopo Province, South Africa." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 320–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.4.17.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the clarity of the South African Schools Act (SASA) 84 of 1996 on the need to craft and implement a learners’ Code of Conduct by school governing bodies (SGBs), there seems to be a gap between the espoused learner disciplinary policies and practice at schools. Using the case study research design, the knowledge scope on education policies by the school disciplinary committees (SDCs) was examined at two secondary schools in a predominantly rural South African district. The study employed a qualitative approach to gather data from purposefully selected informants using focus group and face-to-face interviews. The study sample was composed of 35 participants who were school disciplinary policy duty bearers, comprising 10 SGBs, 10 school management teams (SMTs) and 10 SDC members, as well as five class teachers. The main findings from the thematically analysed narrative data pointed to inadequate knowledge of policies by most SDC committee members. In addition, although the two schools had learners’ codes of conduct that were aligned to SASA, the SDCs were loosely adhering to the provisions of the disciplinary policies in their operations. The gap between the espoused policy and policy in action was found to be due to the policy duty bearers’ inadequate knowledge of the national policy that governs school discipline. This calls for the Department of Basic Education (DBE) to offer policy enhancement workshops for SDCs and to employ a policy monitoring instrument on the functioning of SCDs.
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Paszta, Wojciech, Joanna E. Klećkowska-Nawrot, and Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk. "Anatomical and morphometric evaluation of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands of the captive females of the South African painted dog (Lycaon pictus pictus Temminck, 1820) (Caniformia: Canidae)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): e0249368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249368.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we present the first data concerning the anatomical, morphometrical, histological and histochemical study of the orbit, eye tunics, eyelids and orbital glands in South African Painted Dogs (Lycaon pictus pictus). The study was performed using eyeball morphometry, analysis of the bony orbit including its morphometry, macroscopic study, morphometry, histological examination of the eye tunics and chosen accessory organs of the eye and histochemical analysis. The orbit was funnel shaped and was open-type. There was a single ethmoid opening for the ethmoid nerve on the orbital lamina. The pupil was round, while the ciliary body occupied a relatively wide zone. The iris was brown and retina had a pigmented area. The cellular tapetum lucidum was semi-circular and milky and was composed of 14–17 layers of tapetal cells arranged in a bricklike structure. In the lower eyelid, there was a single conjunctival lymph nodule aggregate. One or two additional large conjunctval folds were observed within the posterior surface of the upper eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid had a serous nature. The third eyelid was T-shaped and was composed of hyaline tissue. Two to three conjunctival lymph nodul aggregates were present within the bulbar conjunctiva of the third eyelid. The lacrimal gland produced a sero-mucous secretion. A detailed anatomic analysis of the eye area in the captive South African Painted Dogs females showed the similarities (especially in the histological examination of the eyetunics and orbital glands) as well as the differences between the Painted dog and the other representatives of Canidae. The differences included the shape and size od the orbita with comparison to the domestic dog. Such differences in the orbit measurements are most likely associated with the skull type, which are defined in relation to domestic dogs. The presented results significantly expand the existing knowledge on comparative anatomy in the orbit, eye and chosen accessory organs in wild Canidae.
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Ota, Narumi, Hideo Hasegawa, Matthew R. McLennan, Takanori Kooriyama, Hiroshi Sato, Paula A. Pebsworth, and Michael A. Huffman. "Molecular identification of Oesophagostomum spp. from ‘village’ chimpanzees in Uganda and their phylogenetic relationship with those of other primates." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 11 (November 2015): 150471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150471.
Full textAbstract:
Oesophagostomum spp. are parasitic nematodes of mammals, including humans and other primates. To identify species and determine phylogeny, we analysed DNA sequences of adult and larval Oesophagostomum from wild chimpanzees in Bulindi, Uganda, which inhabit degraded forest fragments amid villages. Oesophagostome larvae and/or eggs from baboons in Tanzania and South Africa and from a Japanese macaque were also sequenced. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( Cox1 ) of mtDNA, O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum were identified from chimpanzees. Bulindi is the second locality where molecular detection of O. bifurcum in wild chimpanzees has been made. While most O. stephanostomum had ITS2 genotypes recorded previously, three new genotypes were detected. Among four ITS2 genotypes of O. bifurcum from chimpanzees, one was identical to that from various monkey species in Kibale, Uganda, and baboons from Tanzania and South Africa; another was shared by a baboon from Tanzania. No genotype was identical with that of the cryptic species reported from humans and monkeys in Kibale. Phylogeny based on Cox1 sequences of O. stephanostomum showed locality-dependent clades, whereas those of O. bifurcum formed clades composed of worms from different hosts and localities.