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Jansen, van Rensburg WS, Averbeke W. Vab, R. Slabbert, et al. "African leafy vegetables in South Africa." Water SA, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000817.
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In this article the term ‘African leafy vegetables’ was adopted to refer to the collective of plant species which are used as
leafy vegetables and which are referred to as morogo or imifino by African people in South Africa. Function is central in this
indigenous concept, which is subject to spatial and temporal variability in terms of plant species that are included as a result
of diversity in ecology, culinary repertoire and change over time. As a result, the concept embraces indigenous, indigenised
and recently introduced leafy vegetable species but this article is concerned mainly with the indigenous and indigenised
species. In South Africa, the collection of these two types of leafy vegetables from the wild, or from cultivated fields where
some of them grow as weeds, has a long history that has been intimately linked to women and their traditional livelihood
tasks. Among poor people in remote rural areas the use of these types of leafy vegetables is still common but nationwide there
is evidence of decline, particularly in urban areas. Cultivation of indigenous or indigenised leafy vegetables is restricted to
a narrow group of primarily indigenised species in South Africa. Seven groups of indigenous or indigenised African leafy
vegetables that are important in South Africa were given special attention and their local nomenclature, ecology, use and
cultivation are discussed.
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Khumalo, Mahlomola. "How South African banking sector facilitates South African foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8445.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently, South Africa is a leading intra-continental foreign direct investor in Africa, in
general, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. The internationalisation of South African
enterprises has throughout the period following the advent of the new dispensation in 1994
assumed two forms: banking and non-banking cross-border expansions. These cross-border
expansions have largely involved greenfield, merger and acquisition and joint venture types
of investment. Increased trade between South Africa and the region and huge business and
investment opportunities have been the pre-eminent motive forces behind the country's nonbanking
and banking foreign direct investment drive into Sub-Saharan Africa.
A number of studies have been conducted about South African general outward foreign
direct investment, but none so specifically about the involvement of the South African
multinational banks in this cross-border expansion by the country's multinational firms. In fact,
no obvious and composite information is readily available about the "how" aspect of the
involvement. It is the objective of this study therefore to investigate "how" South African
banks with multinational behaviour have facilitated and continue to facilitate the way for
South African foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The outcome of the research effort makes for an interesting discovery that demonstrates how
South African banks indeed facilitate South African outward FDI flows into the Sub-Saharan
region. A case study illustration in this research report clearly shows that banks, driven by
their own foreign direct investment interests, were simultaneously facilitating and driving nonbanking
foreign direct investment in the region. Benefits and costs are also accruing to firms
and countries (host country and home country to a lesser degree) involved in the crossborder
investment activities.
South African outward foreign direct investment, although very important to Sub-Saharan
Africa, has serious challenges to contend with in the region. Pockets of conflict and instability
in some countries with lucrative opportunities continue to bedevil South African foreign direct
investment. Policy and regulatory environments in some countries still remain to be a
downside for the attraction of South African outward foreign direct investment, including
banking foreign direct investment. Interestingly, South African govemment is keenly involved
to ensure that trade and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa flow uninterruptedly without
prejudicing any party.
Trade and investment opportunities are indeed the key motives for South African outward
foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa. The ''follow-your-client'' paradigm is largely
responsible for the South African multinational banks' drive across the border into the region.
This ''follow-your-client'' concept in the South Africa foreign direct investment context and
other related concepts must be further researched in much greater detail and wider
approach. But this does not take away the essence and significance of this study which,
amongst other things, provides a good foundation for future research undertakings.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidiglik is Suid-Afrika die voorstander in die intra-kontinentale vaste buitelandse
investering in Afrika in die algemeen en spesifiek in Sub-Sahara Afrika. Die
internasionalisering van Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het na 1994 twee vorme aangeneem,
t.w. die uitbreiding van bank- en nie-bankinvestering. Die uitbreiding sluit in samesmeltings
en venootskappe van investeringsgeleenthede. Verhoogde handel, investeringsgeleenthede
en besigheid tussen Suid-Afrika en Sub-Sahara Afrika was die dryfkrag agter
die land se vaste buitelandse beleggings.
Aigemene studies is gedoen van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleggings, maar niks so
spesifiek soos die samewerking van Suid-Afrikaanse banke met die banke van buitelandse
multinasionale firmas nie. Daar is geen inligting vrylik bekombaar oor die 'hoe' van die
buitelandse beleggings nie.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om juis te bepaal hoe Suid-Afrikaanse banke tans en op die
pad vorentoe te werk gaan om vaste buitelandse investerings met multinasionale
besighede in Sub-Sahara Afrika uit te brei.
'n Teoretiese grondslag van die debat, definisies en begrip van die konsep "vaste
buitelandse investering" vorm deel van die ondersoek, waar beide primere en sekondere
data gebruik is.
Moeite is gedoen om te verseker dat die data en inligting wat gebruik is, gebaseer is op
die "global research methodology", wat insluit vraelyste en elektroniese onderhoude.
Hierdie terugvoering wys daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse banke inderdaad pro-aktief is in die
veld van uitwaardse vaste beleggings in die Sub-Sahara area. Banke doen nie net hul eie
vaste buitelandse investerings nie, maar fasiliteer dit vir nie-bank vaste buitelandse
beleggings. Dit lei tot voordele en kostebesparings vir firmas in die proses van
beleggingsaktiwiteite.
Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse vaste beleggings belangrik is vir ander Afrikastate, is daar ook
heelwat slaggate om in ag te neem. Onstabiliteite in lande met aansienlike
investeringspotensiaal maak dit moeilik vir Suid-Afrika om te investeer. In baie lande het
reels en regulasies nog steeds 'n negatiewe invloed op buitelandse investerings, wat
banke insluit.
Handel en beleggingsgeleenthede is die motief vir Suid-Afrikaanse investering in SubSahara
lande. Die gesegde "follow your client" is die dryfkrag agter die Suid-Afrikaanse
banke om te investeer. Daar moet meer ondersoek gedoen word oor die "follow your
client" konsep. Hierdie verslag is dus slegs 'n begin punt waarop daar uitgebrei moet word
deur verdere ondersoeke.
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Dreyer, Lynette. "The modern African elite of South Africa /." New York : St. Martin's press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37024892d.
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Luther, Carola. "South African theatre." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375957.
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van, Dongen Kathryn. "The internationalisation of South African retailers in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52339.
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African markets are complex environments for foreign multinationals. The continent, which has recently attracted significant attention for its rich potential and growth prospects, presents a multitude of challenges for the South African retailers that have led retail expansion across the continent. This study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges experienced by these firms in expanding into other African markets, and how they have managed and nurtured this process.
A qualitative research approach was used to investigate the experiences of senior decision makers, with insights from industry experts, in the expansion of firms into culturally and contextually diverse African markets. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted and extensive secondary data was analysed to build on constructs identified in existing literature, and used to identify new constructs in exploring the capabilities and expansion patterns of South African retailers operating in other African markets.
This study confirmed that South African retailers have developed a variety of capabilities suitable for operating in African markets. The research further confirmed that these firms use SA Inc. as a country specific advantage in their expansion, and leverage their inter-firm networks to gain a better understanding of African markets and their consumers. The combined results from the research findings are summarised graphically to develop two strategic options for international retailers choosing to enter African markets. The study essentially provides a deeper understanding of formal retail in Africa, how South African firms have been leaders in this sector outside their home market, and how other international retailers might leverage this new knowledge.<br>Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>vn2016<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Devereux, Stephen. "Post–exilic an old South African returns to the new South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7934.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>This portfolio of poems, prose poems and short fiction pieces is quasi-autobiographical and tracks the trajectory of my life, from childhood in Cape Town (‘pre-exilic’) to emigration abroad (‘exilic’) and return to Cape Town in late middle age (‘post-exilic’). Themes explored include the deceptive nature of memory and the risk of imbuing a childhood recollected in later life with affective or narrative nostalgia; the psychologically dislocating nature of exile on personal identity and notions of home; and Cape Town as both an imaginary construct and a multi-layered reality: specifically, ‘my’ Cape Town – now as well as half a century ago – and ‘other’ Cape Towns, reflecting a diversity of highly unequal experiences within this city. The dominant mode of expression chosen to explore these largely personal themes is confessional.
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Robinson, Shirley Margaret Alice. "An EU-South African free trade agreement : how will South Africa benefit?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16114.
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Bibliography: pages 93-99.<br>This paper will attempt to answer the over-arching question: Will South Africa benefit from a free trade agreement with the EU? It will not attempt thorough empirical analysis of this question. Instead, it will offer theoretical insight to certain of the policy questions raised about the proposed EU-South Africa FTA. The relevant body of theoretical literature is one which will facilitate an economic assessment of the impact of the proposed EU-South Africa FTA by considering short-term benefits and losses, in addition to longer term dynamic gains, of trading agreements between two countries. Regional integration, appropriately modified, can deliver this body of theory. That is, it does raise the key issues in assessing the necessary costs and benefits of further integration on both trading partners.
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Makgoba, Thabo Cecil. "African workplace spirituality in South African mines." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8960.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-251).<br>This research explores the role of spirituality in an African mining context with specific reference to spinal cord-injured mine workers. In this study, spinal cord-injured, black male South African workers were interviewed using a specifically constructed questionnaire. Their responses were analysed in conjunction with the perspectives of the mine managers, medical team members, indigenous healers, pastoral care workers and mine-managing directors (MDs) or owners. These perspectives were gathered by way of face-to-face interviews using specifically constructed questionnaires. However, some managing directors and medical specialists completed the questionnaire and sent it by post or fax. Many researchers have investigated the role of “workplace spirituality” with the aim of generating research data that would firmly entrench this construct as vital in the workplace. There are however, only a few that has investigated spirituality in the mining workplace. None has looked at the workplace spirituality of pastoral care workers. In this study, both are investigated, and a framework of workplace spirituality (WPS) is proposed, wherein the variables that may constitute workplace spirituality in this context are investigated. This framework (WPS) was used as a foundation to develop structured and semi-structured questionnaires, with which interviews were conducted with miners, mine managers, medical team members, indigenous healers, pastoral care workers and mine managing directors (MDs) or owners in various settings. In total, 224 miners were interviewed over a period of three years, and 45 pastoral care workers, 10 indigenous healers, 20 mine managers, 20 medical and allied professionals, and 12 mining CEOs/directors/owners were additionally interviewed. The variables that the researcher proposed to constitute the WPS framework were the following: * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with personal identity (CPI) * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with safety and well-being (WS) * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with physical well-being (CPW) * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with relationship to community- Ubuntu (CC) * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with God (religion) (CG) * Spirituality at the workplace as connected with meaning (locality and salience) (CM) Using the SPSS statistical package, and the qualitative analysis software tool Atlas ti, the research data was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative results suggested that there is a positive relationship between the dependent variable, workplace spirituality, in relation to the following independent variables: workplace safety (weak but positive relationship, God (strong and positive relationship), salience (strong and positive relationship, community (strong and positive relationship), personal identity (moderate and positive relationship), meaning (weak and positive relationship), and physical well-being (strong and positive relationship). These results were further supported by the qualitative analysis.
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Bendels, Katja. "White Africans? negotiating identity in white South African writing." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2009. http://www.wvttrier.de.
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Pendock, Catherine. "The willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to other South Africans." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25625.
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This study examines the effect of migration and emotions on knowledge transfer with the intention of identifying the emotions influencing the willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. The increasing number of South Africans emigrating is exacerbating the skills shortage in the country and therefore it is of importance to understand the profile of a South African emigrant who is willing to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. Through understanding who to target for assistance South Africa will be able to better utilise those emigrants who are willing to assist. The primary data was collected through an online survey. Of the 311 responses 210 were usable in the regression models run. The outcome of this research supports previous literature that positive knowledge sharing emotions play a major role in influencing the willingness to transfer knowledge. Because this is voluntary knowledge sharing emigrants tend to share knowledge when they are happy and when they feel positive towards knowledge sharing. This is influenced by positive feelings about their own knowledge and about their decision to emigrate. The results also suggest that emigrant‟s emotions towards knowledge sharing were not dominated by their feelings about South Africa, but rather by their emotions towards their host country. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted
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Bobiash, Donald J. "South-South aid : West African case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302945.
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Magqwaka, Mlamli. "Lifting South African townships." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242130.
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Keuthen, Jens Christian. "The South African Prosecution Service: Linchpin of the South African Criminal Justice System." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4447.
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The prosecution service is a key role player in the criminal justice system. Its effectiveness and efficiency directly reflect on the performance and service of the whole criminal justice system. The South African prosecution service in its current shape is relatively young. Constitutional and legislative provisions supplemented by various policy papers have established a framework that in principle allows for an effective and efficient function of the prosecution service in the South African criminal justice system. However, the actual performance of the prosecution service is insufficient, as this thesis suggests. Reasons for the current underperformance can be identified and are strongly linked to the transitional development of the South African prosecution service. In order to increase the performance of the prosecution service and the service of the criminal justice system this thesis explores the challenges facing the prosecution service and that have to be addressed immediately.
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APDUSA. "APDUSA: African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa." APDUSA, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66088.
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The Fourth National Conference of the APDUSA, held in Ezibeleni, Queenstown on 15/16 April 1995, must be marked as one of the most significant events in the history of the organisation. Taking place one year after the establishment of a new political order in South Africa, it was a pertinent time to assess its import in the face of the critical problems that still beset the nation. The achievement of the universal franchise, after long years of bitter struggle, has indeed been a signal victory for the labouring masses of South Africa. But it is a victory that has brought no improvement in the socio-economic conditions of their existence. Still suffering on the anvil of oppression and exploitation, the millions of workers and land-starved peasants are fast losing faith in the ability of the new Government of National Unity to solve their problems. The struggle for liberation has thus entered a new phase. But the oppressed are also faced with a crisis of leadership. Their organisations of struggle are in disarray, with many of those who formerly occupied leading positions, having departed to take up positions in the institutions of government. In this situation, the task of mapping out the programmatic basis of the future course of their struggle, is one of utmost importance. These are the questions that commanded the attention of the APDUSA conference. Against the background, it is fitting that the large majority of those participating in the conference were members of the new generation. Theirs was a major contribution. After a thorough assessment of the new needs of the struggle, conference resolved to redefine and sharpen the political programme of the APDUSA. In so doing, it remains governed by its commitment to the interests of the workers and the landless peasantry in both its short term and long term objectives.
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Valsamakis, Antoinette. "The role of South African business in South Africa’s post apartheid economic diplomacy." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3391/.
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This thesis explores the role of South African business as non-state actors (NSAs) in South Africa’s post-apartheid economic diplomacy. The work is an empirical contribution to the debate within diplomacy studies asserting the importance of NSAs in diplomacy studies and that the inclusion of economic considerations in diplomacy studies is crucial. Whilst a broader agenda in diplomacy studies is increasingly being recognised by diplomacy scholars, there is limited case-based evidence of the increasingly active role being played by NSAs in diplomacy generally and economic diplomacy more specifically. The research uses a multistakeholder diplomacy framework to analyse the extent to and ways in which corporate actors engage in South Africa’s post-apartheid economic diplomacy. This study explores specific business activities around economic diplomacy, expounds why South African business adopts different strategies at different times and crucially examines how corporate actors do this. The thesis identifies three distinct modes of corporate diplomacy: consultative, supplementary, and entrepreneurial. The thesis concludes that corporate diplomacy warrants far more scholarly attention than has hitherto been the case, both in developed and emerging economies, on the basis that corporate actors in South Africa play a crucial role in economic diplomacy, both as consumers and producers of diplomatic outcomes.
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Gaboilwe, Nathaniel. "Should South African Airways be privatised given the aviation deregulation policy in South Africa?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16113.
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Bibliography: pages. 63-66.<br>This research consists of a wide literature review on deregulation and privatisation of airline business world wide. The emphasis is on the benefits of airline privatisation. The idea was to attempt to find out whether the deregulation of South African Airways (SAA) indeed brought about the changes that are expected of a commercial concern. These changes included cost cutting strategies and charging economically efficient fares as well as abandoning unprofitable routes. Some personal contact with the SAA Public Relations Officers in Cape Town and Johannesburg was used to gather the data used in the research. The Transnet and the Competition Board annual reports were other major sources of data. The analysis was accomplished by scrutinising the SAA financial statements as to whether SAA followed all the requirements implemented when deregulation was introduced. An econometric test was used to check whether there was any improvement in capacity utilisation at SAA as was expected to happen after deregulation. The findings from this research are that SAA did introduce new measures to try to be profitable and cut costs, such as, reducing the labour force and abandoning unprofitable routes. SAA also stopped cross-subsidisation practise, whereby loss making routes were financed by profitable ones. In general SAA introduced measures that can be expected from a profit maximising firm which is under pressure to tum profits. However, these changes have not yet produced consistent results as far as profit is concerned and is supported by the econometrics test which does not support the expected hypothesis that since SAA is now operated on commercial basis, should be able to tum profits and be efficient.
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Williams, Rowena Natascha. "The effect of private equity transactions in South Africa on the South African economy." University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3149.
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Bron, Eleanor Janet. "This is Africa's year : MacMillan and African independence in white South African newspapers 1960." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53480.
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British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan s wind of change speech to both houses of the South African Union parliament acknowledged already at the beginning of 1960 what the rest of Africa year would look like. The wind of black nationalism that he was describing stood in stark contrast with the suppression of black nationalism in South Africa by the National Party apartheid government. His speech was rather predictive since he had toured parts of the African continent and was aware of the planned independence of several African countries by the time he delivered the wind of change statement.
This study seeks to explore how 1960, Africa year , was portrayed in selected white South African newspapers. The study follows Macmillan s trip through Africa and reflects on the newspaper portrayal of these events in Ghana, Nigeria, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and finally the Union of South Africa. Furthermore the analysis considers how the newspapers responded to and portrayed the momentous speech. The newspaper reporting on the coming of independence to African countries during the year 1960 is also examined. A layered model to evaluate the use of newspapers as a historical source was devised. According to this, a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis was applied to interpret how the newspapers portrayed African independence and responded to Macmillan s tour. The six newspapers, Die Transvaler, Die Vaderland, Die Burger, The Star, Rand Daily Mail and the Sunday Times, were selected as being representative of the white minority English and Afrikaans press. Through this analysis, deductions regarding the nature of the white press industry are made and some insights regarding the white minority South African zeitgeist are considered.<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>Historical and Heritage Studies<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Africa, African People's Democratic Union of Southern. "The Apdusan: African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa." African People's Democratic Union of Southern Africa, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76095.
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After many deadlocks, accusations of negotiating in bad faith, marches and lunch-time pickets, more than 600,000 Public Sector Workers went on strike on 24 August 1999. The government then unilaterally implemented a 6.3% increase for public servants against their original demand of 10-15% increase. "The dispute goes back to January 1999, to a workshop dealing with the budgetary process. At this meeting the Department of Finance outlined its Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, for the first time to the public sector workers. In the MTEF the parameters for wage cuts, and 'non-negotiability’ were already set. All unions in the public service bargaining council presented their wage demands - 10% to 15%” [COSATU paper on Public Sector Workers Fight for a Living Wage.] Thereafter COSATU and government officials met over the next few months until May 1999, when a dispute was declared. On the 29th March 1999, COSATU commented ‘To the Unions it is clear, government is not prepared to negotiate - it has already made up its mind’ [COSATU document - Public Sector Workers Fight for a Living Wage] During the period May-June COSATU Unions decided to “throw their weight behind the ANC election campaign.’’[ibid.]. By the August 1999 the unions compromised their demand from 10% to 7.3% increase. Towards the end of August the government unilaterally implemented ei 6.3% increase for public sector workers, and 4% increase for itself. It then went on an ideological media campaign against the workers claiming that the 4% increase for members of parliament is much less than what has been granted to the public sector workers.<br>Vol. 5 no. 3
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Chigeza, Shingairai. "African migrants in South Africa : an interactional perspective / Shingairai Chigeza." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8061.
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The movement of African migrants from their countries of origin to other countries in search of a better future will continue to increase. However, such movement is accompanied by many challenges. Literature indicates that African migrants in South Africa face challenges such as cultural differences, exploitation and xenophobia. In the context of migration, migrants and citizens constantly interact with one another. The relational patterns between African migrants and citizens accordingly need to be understood in order to promote the well–being of both groups.
Various theories on human behaviour interactions on a community, systemic, interpersonal and relational level informed the present study with a view to casting light on the dynamic interactions between African migrants and citizens. These theories included community psychology theory, sense of community theory, socio–ecological systems theory, contact theory, psychological acculturation theory and complex responsive processes of relating theory. In this study, all the theories are based on the notion that the well–being of migrants and citizens depends on the quality of their relationships with each other and that patterns of meaning and relating are continuously self–organised in the course of human interaction. The theories further explain the relationships between people as well as the interactive dynamics and context that may contribute to their well–being as communities.
The present study is a secondary analysis of the data that were collected in a larger international research project in 2009. In the present study, the researcher did qualitative secondary analysis and thematic content analysis on the raw data collected in the larger 2009 study. The data were collected by means of the Mmogo–method?, focus group discussions, in–depth interviews, semi–structured interviews and narrative inquiry. Forty–four individual participants with ages ranging from 18 to 50 years and 10 families with ages ranging from 14 to 59 years were purposively selected for the larger 2009 study. All the participants were African migrants from other African countries who had migrated to South Africa. These migrants were residing in Gauteng and the North West Province when the initial data (2009) were collected.
In the initial study the aim was to understand African migration in a comparative context by exploring themes on citizenship, belonging and intergenerational relations of African migrants in South Africa, France and Britain. It was discovered that relational dimensions between the African migrants and black South African citizens were mentioned in the data that were obtained from the larger 2009 study, but not reported on. The research question that guided the secondary analysis in the present study was therefore: What are the relational experiences of African migrants in respect of their fellow migrants and black South African citizens? Thus the aim was to understand the patterns of relating and interaction between African migrants and black South African citizens.
The findings of the present study indicated that in contexts of significant risks associated with migration, the relationships amongst migrants provided them with opportunities to belong, to share and to be human. Such nurturing relationships supported migrants and led to positive adaptation on the part of the migrants, despite abusive, restrictive and discriminative sociopolitical and economic environments. The study also describes the interactions between migrants and citizens in terms of relational qualities of African migrants’ acculturation in a new cultural and social environment. Migrants with the relational quality of flexibility displayed sensitivity to the new context and were able to benefit on a personal level from the new cultural relations. However, migrants who displayed a rigidity as relational quality and who were insensitive to the new cultural context, experienced rejection, isolation, disillusionment and discord. Finally the findings revealed that the relational interactions between migrants and citizens are embedded in disenabling socio–economic and political environments present in South Africa. Socio–economically, migrants are perceived as threats to available resources and on a political level they become the victims of xenophobia. The study describes the continuously self–organised relationships between migrants and citizens in terms of complementary relationships whereby citizens move towards a controlling position and migrants have to accept a submissive position in the relationship. Citizens adopt a linear approach by viewing the interaction with migrants only from their own perspective and migrants are expected to conform to the language used by citizens; to accept that they are not welcome; to accept that they are blamed for stealing jobs; and that they are often excluded from interactions with citizens. Migrants tend to be visible only in terms of their differences and due to this are often treated as invisible.
The present study contributed to the awareness that interactions between migrants and citizens are inevitable but, also, that these interactions can be optimised by concentrating on relational qualities that can promote positive interactions such as warmth and unconditional acceptance of one another and a reflective attitude towards how they as migrants and citizens impact on one another. Migrants and citizens need to understand that their relationship is determined by how they interact with one another as complex systems. Migrants and citizens as individuals can construct ongoing interactions that promote their well–being and bring about positive relationships that can lead to new outcomes in the migration phenomenon.<br>Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "Blacks without borders : African-Americans and South Africa 1984-2007." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608616.
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Nkabinde, Thulasizwe. "Indigenous features inherent in African popular music of South Africa." Thesis, University of Zululand, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/910.
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A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Music (Performance) in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1997.<br>The central aim of this study is to identify those features in the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens that derive from Indigenous African music and show how they have been transformed to become part of popular idioms.
All black South African popular music idioms are heavily reliant upon indigenous sources, not only from the compositional, but from the performing and interactive community points of view. In the case of the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens, the influence of Zulu culture is particularly strong, although features of others traditions represented in Black urban society are also perceptible. The reasons for the Zulu orientation of the groups lie in the predominantly Zulu make up, as well as the large number of Zulus that make up black South African urban population.
Of course, such Indigenous features as can be observed in their music have not necessarily been transferred directly from their original sources: the process of acculturation of the dominant characteristics of tribal rural musical practices with appropriate Western popular idioms began early on in this century, resulting in such representative urban forms as Marabi, Khwela and Mbube. More sophisticated forms and modes of expression have incorporated, and been based on these early manifestations, resulting in hybridised musical genres that reflect the broad and diverse base of African popular music in South Africa today. Ladymith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens count among the pioneers of the Mbube, Mbaqanga and the urban popular styles.
It is through the medium of Mbube and Mbaqanga that Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens
have established their popular base initially in the townships, then through the record industry, and, latterly, in the spread of shebeen culture into affluent white- dominated venues such as the Get-Ahead shebeen in Rosebank. Johannesburg. Through the music of the group it is possible to examine the development of a particular style traditional/popular acculturation as well as the social and political themes that have found their way into the black popular music of the 1980s and 1990s.
This research will thus serve as an analytical guide to the music of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Mahlathini and the Mahotell Queens, particularly regarding the issue of acculturation, it will also serve as a case study in the composer-performer-listener chain which underpins any sociologically-orientated investigation into popular culture and it will be argued that the artefacts of popular culture can only be investigated in this way.
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Modiba, Matome. "Strategies of South African banks expanding into Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30460.
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The Sub-Saharan African economic environment has experienced growth in the last two decades. This has led to capital inflows into the continent, which has meant that multinational companies have entered the market in search of growth and capital. Due to this, multiple banks have expanded their operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The role that banks play on the African continent is vital as they provide a reliable conduit for capital to enter the market while also promoting economic growth in the countries in which they operate. As one of the largest economies on the continent, South Africa is home to the largest banks in Africa, many which have expanded their operations into the continent. This dissertation is a qualitative case study focusing on the expansion strategies used by some of the South African banks that expanded into SSA. The dissertation aimed to understand which entry strategies led to successful expansions, how the banks defined the success of the expansion as well as what challenges the banks experienced. The dissertation found that successful expansions are driven by the appetite, persistence and level of conviction within the organisation about their expansion strategy. The more consistent and ardent the financial intuition is regarding their strategy, the higher the possibility of achieving a successful expansion. The level of management and organisational support for the strategy, as well as the number of operations the institution established played a role. The financial investment that the organisation undertook for the expansion was also an important factor for success.
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Kuparinen, Eero. "An African alternative : Nordic migration to South Africa 1815-1914 /." Helsinki : Finnish historical society, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36655066d.
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Aluko, Olumide Mayowa. "Co-evolution between the South African venture capital industry and the South [African] government." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13317/.
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This thesis contributes to the current discourse around co-evolution, this study investigates co-evolution between the South African venture capital industry and the South African government. Using a qualitative method which involved gathering data from archival sources and contemporary interviews, this study extends the growing literature on the co-evolution of organizations and their institutional environment in three ways. First, the study shows that the co-evolution that occurs between organizations and the institutional environment, is facilitated by both entities' respective need for legitimate status with different audiences. Second, the study furthers our understanding of co-evolution at the meso level (i.e. the organizational field) by illustrating the place of subject positions of organizations and power in the co-evolution that occurs at that level. Third, from the narrative presented in the study on the emergence of a venture capital industry in South Africa, the study explicates the importance of a free market system in a transition economy as it engenders the growth and development of a venture capital industry in such economies.
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Thorpe, Christopher John. "Deconstructing “the South African jazz feel”: roots, rhythms and features of South African jazz." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76649.
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South African jazz has established itself as a distinct and influential genre in modern popular music that merges musical elements from traditional South African musics with influences from U.S.-American jazz. Formed during a time of extreme social inequality in a divided country, South African jazz became the soundtrack of the struggle against social injustice and racial oppression, and was brought to international attention by artists such as Hugh Masekela, Miriam Makeba, and Abdullah Ibrahim who gave poignant musical expression to the hardships of the time. South African jazz is celebrated for its unique sound, original catalogue and all-important “feel”. To many listeners, performers and musicologists, it is this concept of feel that makes South African jazz so distinctive and inimitable. To date, however, much of the scholarly and popular literature on South African jazz has centred on the historical, social and political aspects of the music, with less attention given to close musical-textual analysis. A few studies have considered the melodic and harmonic language of iconic saxophonists and bass players but there are – to date – no close studies of rhythm and feel in South African jazz. Beginning to address this gap in the literature, this study uncovers some of the elements that constitute the South African jazz feel through close rhythmic and more general musical analyses of a selection of South African jazz recordings.
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Naidoo, Inben. "Ponzi schemes : has the South African government done enough to protect South African citizens?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72931.
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This dissertation seeks to analyse Ponzi schemes in South Africa while evaluating the legislative prescripts that govern how Ponzi schemes are criminalised and investigated in South Africa. The dissertation will analyse the investigation of Ponzi Schemes as well as repayment administration of a Ponzi scheme in South Africa. Lastly, the dissertation will cover the criminal prosecution of a Ponzi scheme in South Africa. A critical discussion will be provided on the possible failures of the regulators, law enforcement agencies as well as financial institutions in relation to Ponzi schemes and the harmful impact they have on the general public.<br>Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Mercantile Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Foukara, Abderrahim. "Alienation in South African literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287285.
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Jooste, Dirk. "South African security market imperfections." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3313.
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Thesis (MComm (Statistics and Actuarial Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>In recent times many theories have surfaced posing challenging threats to the Efficient Market Hypothesis. We are entering an exciting era of financial economics fueled by the urge to have a better understanding of the intricate workings of financial markets. Many studies are emerging that investigate the relationship between stock market predictability and efficiency.
This paper studies the existence of calendar-based patterns in equity returns, price momentum and earnings momentum in the South African securities market. These phenomena are commonly referred to in the literature as security market imperfections, financial market puzzles and market anomalies. We provide evidence that suggests that they do exist in the South African context, which is consistent with findings in various international markets. A vast number of papers on the subject exist in the international arena. However, very few empirical studies on the South African market can be found in the public domain. We aim to contribute to the literature by investigating the South African case.
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Hutchings, Bradley. "South African house-price dynamics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5799.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-32).<br>Motivated by concerns that a speculative price bubble may have formed in the South African house market, this paper examines South African house-price dynamics over a three-decade period spanning 1976 to 2005. Estimation of error-correction models reveals that real changes in the prices of medium- and large-sized South African homes are associated with short-run changes in economic growth, real mortgage rates and sovereign risk. Empirical analysis suggests that the real prices of small-sized homes are not associated with real mortgage rates in the short run. Estimation of the house-price models also revealed that property prices exhibit mean reversion in the long run, although adjustment to long-run equilibrium (governed by economic growth, real mortgage rates and sovereign risk) is slow.
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Kreuz, Jill. "Shakespeare on South African television." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21692.
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This study undertakes the analysis of the eight productions of Shakespeare that were produced for television by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) between 1977 and 1988. The plays that were selected for production are Much Ado About Nothing (1977) Macbeth (1980) Twelfth Night (1981), A Midsummer Night's Dream (1982), Hamlet (1983), and The Merchant of Venice (1987). The SABC has also televised two stage productions by performing arts councils; these are Romeo en Juliet (1982) and The Winter's Tale (1988). The approach I have taken is a cultural materialist one. The television productions are analysed within the context of the SABC as a social, political and cultural institution, whose policies and practices are in turn shaped by the wider national political, economic and social context. The cultural role of the SABC is a dominant one, not least because of its monopoly over South African broadcasting until 1986. Its perception of its role and function is based on the passive "mirror" theory of media communication whereby "reality" is simply reflected within the operations and by the products of radio and television. In contrast, my approach to broadcast media incorporates the view that a broadcasting institution has a mutually active relationship with the community it addresses itself to, that this relationship undergoes change through historical development and that its products engage with their audience as it engages with them; they are as much informed as informing. In exploring the conditions of production of the SABC's television Shakespeares, I have undertaken to interview as many people as possible involved in their production. Analysis of their approach to the production of Shakespearean drama in South Africa combined with (semiotic) analysis of the message of production leads to an interpretation of the ideological reference of these productions. I conclude that the eight television productions of Shakespeare (separately and together) reinforce the traditional idealist attitudes towards Shakespeare instilled by critical orthodoxy. To a large extent, these attitudes are maintained by the educational, theatrical, and popular cultural background which produces the "Shakespeare myth" in South Africa.
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Pfister, Roger. "Apartheid South Africa's foreign relations with African states, 1961-1994." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007632.
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This thesis examines South Africa's foreign relations, viewed from a South African perspective, with the black African countries beyond southern Africa from 1961 to 1994. These relations were determined by the conflict between Pretoria's apartheid ideology on the one hand, and African continental rejection of South Africa's race discrimination policies and its exclusion from the community of African states on the other. The documentary material used primarily stems from the Department of Foreign Affairs archive in Pretoria, supplemented by research conducted in other archives. Furthermore, we conducted interviews and correspondence, and consulted the relevant primary and secondary literature. Given the main source of information, we chose to make this work a case study in Diplomatic History. In consequence, and constituting the core of the study, Chapters 3 to 6 explore the interaction between South Africa and the black African states in a chronological order. At the same time, we draw on the analytical concepts from the academic disciplines of Political Science and its derivative, International Relations, to comprehend developments more fully. We discuss the significance of the approaches from these two disciplines in both the Introduction and Chapter 2. In particular, we emphasise that this study is about Pretoria's foreign policy, involving state and non-state actors, and we suggest that the unequal status between South Africa and the other African states constitutes an inherent factor in the relationship between them. The Conclusion examines the role of the state and non-state actors in determining Pretoria's foreign relations and the relevance of the structural imbalance between South Africa and the black African states in this context.
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De, Souza Drummond Elizabeth Lucy. "The effectiveness of the South African double taxation relief provisions for South African companies investing in other African estates." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26831.
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South Africa has expressed its desire to be the gateway for investment into Africa. With its residence-based tax system which taxes the worldwide income of its tax residents, South African companies will be open to double taxation where the investee country claims jurisdiction to tax income generated from within its borders. In addition, other provisions in the South African tax legislation increase the possibility of double taxation by including the income of foreign subsidiaries. Two such examples are the definition of a tax resident, which includes foreign subsidiaries that are effectively managed by their holding companies in South Africa, and the anti-avoidance measures, such as the controlled foreign company provisions, which impute the income of a foreign subsidiary to the South African investment company. Many South African companies have chosen to route their investments in African countries through foreign subsidiaries. Besides having a more investor-friendly tax regime, these countries offer more favourable relief from double taxation, both unilaterally and by means of their network of tax treaties. South Africa has identified some of its shortcomings. It has introduced concessionary tax provisions for locally based headquarter companies that invest abroad. It recognises the high cost of doing business in Africa due to the fact that many African countries impose withholding taxes on several types of income even though they may not be from a local source. Therefore, South Africa is granting tax rebates for foreign withholding taxes paid on service fees charged to foreign entities despite the income being derived from a South African source. Both these measures reduce double taxation but, are they sufficient to encourage direct investment from South Africa into other African countries? This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the South African double taxation relief provisions by using a case study of a South African company that has investments in several African countries. It compares the application of the double taxation relief provisions of South Africa, another African country and a non-African country to the case study. It analyses the outcomes and assesses the effectiveness of South Africa’s current legislation for unilateral tax relief and its tax treaties in minimising double taxation. Finally, it makes some recommendations on possible improvements to the legislation in order to achieve the stated goal of being the financial hub for investment into Africa AFRIKAANS : Suid Afrika het aangedui dat dit die poort vir belegging na Afrika wil wees. Die heffing van belasting op die wêreldwye inkomste van belastingpligtige inwoners stel Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye egter bloot aan dubbelbelasting indien die land waarin beleggings gemaak word ook aanspraak maak op die reg om inkomste wat in daardie land verdien is, te belas. Sekere bepalings in die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingwetgewing stel belastingbetalers verder bloot aan dubbelbelasting indien die inkomste van buitelandse filiale ook by die inkomste van inwoners ingesluit moet word. Twee sulke voorbeelde sluit die definisie van belastingpligtige inwoner ingevolge waarvan buitelandse filiale wat effektiewelik deur hulle houermaatskappy in Suid-Afrika bestuur word en sekere teenvermydingsmaatstawwe, soos byvoorbeeld die beheerde buitelandse maatskappy bepalings ingevolge waarvan die inkomste van ʼn buitelandse filiaal aan ʼn Suid-Afrikaanse beleggingsmaatskappy toegeskryf word, in. Daar is heelwat Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye wat verkies om hulle beleggings in Afrika deur middel van filiale wat in ander lande geregistreer is, te hou. Hierdie gekose lande het nie net gunstige belasting instellings bewinde nie maar bied ook meer voordelige verligting van dubbelbelasting, beide eensydig en deur middel van hulle netwerk van belastingooreenkomste, aan. Suid-Afrika het sy tekortkominge geidentifiseer. Voordelige belastingbepalings is geskep vir plaaslike hoofkantoor maatskappye wat beleggings in die buiteland hou. Erkenning is gegee aan die hoë koste om besigheid in Afrika te doen as gevolg van die feit dat menige Afrika-lande belasting op verskeie tipe inkomste weerhou selfs as die oorsprong van die inkomste nie vanuit daardie lande kom nie. Suid-Afrika is gewillig om belastingkortings vir die buitelandse belasting so weerhou toe te staan ten spyte daarvan dat die oorsprong van die inkomste in Suid-Afrika is. Beide die maatstawwe is gemik op tot die vermindering van dubbelbelasting, maar is dit voldoende om direkte beleggings vanaf Suid-Afrika in ander Afrika-lande aan te moedig? Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om te bepaal hoe effektief die Suid-Afrikaanse bepalings wat gemik is om dubbelbelasting te verhoed deur middel van ‘n gevallestudie van ʼn Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappy wat meervoudige beleggings in verskeie Afrika-lande het. Die studie vergelyk die toepassing van die vermindering van dubbelbelastingbepalings van Suid-Afrika, ʼn ander Afrika-land en ʼn nie-Afrika-land. Die resultate word geanaliseer en die effektiwiteit van die huidige wetgewing vir eensydige verligting van dubbelbelasting en die huidige belastingooreenkomste om dubbelbelasting te verminder, word beraam. Ten slotte, die studie beoog ook om aanbevelings wat dalk die wetgewing kan verbeter ten einde die gewensde doelwit om Suid Afrika die finansiële poort vir beleggings in Afrika te bereik, te maak.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Taxation<br>unrestricted
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Opperman, Charlaine. "Investigating the marketing of South African wine amongst the emerging black market of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8258.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>South Africa is currently not considered a wine-drinking nation. The consumption per capita rate is very low, especially for a wine-producing country. To date, the wine industry has grown due to exports allowed since sanctions were lifted in 1994. With the export market set to decelerate over the next few years, the wine industry will have to develop the domestic market, especially the black consumer market for future growth.
The emerging black market of South Africa has materialised as the strongest buying influence in the economy. They have an overwhelming desire to have access to a lifestyle, which in the past was not possible. While they are status and lifestyle orientated, they want products and brands that are aspirational and close to them. Understanding this market and the potential they pose is vital for the wine industry’s future. Wine marketers need to understand this target market’s thoughts and perceptions around wine, as this market is still largely untapped. The emerging black market has had little exposure to wine compared with other alcoholic drinks such as beer, brandy and the ready-to-drink category and the wine industry will have to look at a comprehensive strategy to target them.
It is the purpose of this study to provide detailed insights into the emerging black market of South Africa in connection with wine consumption. Initially, a literature review was conducted to investigate this target market and the wine industry’s current situation. Various marketing tools were discussed designed to specifically target the emerging black market. Based on this information, a consumer survey was conducted amongst black MBA students of the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB). The data was analysed and conclusions were drawn that answered the questions and objectives of this study.
The analyses showed that the wine industry should focus on the women segment of the emerging black market, as they are the current group interested in wine. Other main findings included that wine needed to be positioned as an aspirational product; that brand ambassadors in large social networks should be identified; and finally that the wine industry and all its stakeholders should work together to educate the emerging black market and collectively apply the various marketing techniques found to be popular.
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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.
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The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Psychology<br>unrestricted
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Bongwana, Thembelihle. "Gendered dynamics in South African astrophysics: A case study of the South African Astronomical Observatory." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5467.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>This study explores the nuances around gendered dynamics, attitudes, ideologies, values and knowledge that exist within astronomy and astrophysics institutions paying specific attention to the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) as study site. This study investigated implicit and explicit ways in which SAAO spaces and practices are gendered and hierarchized, and the extent to which 'astronomy as a specific discipline within science' remains highly masculinized. By focusing on studies on power, feminist critiques of science and institutional culture in other South African sectors, especially higher education, the study deconstructs a field that has been relatively neglected in South African feminist studies of gendered institutional culture. This thesis makes use of feminist qualitative methodological approaches and fuses mixed methods to collect data. The use of participant observation enabled a broader understanding of the context and to gain an understanding of how gendered, classed and raced subjects construct and navigate social meanings in the hierarchized and symbolically marked space of the SAAO.<br>National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Louw, Gerhard Martin. "South African defence policy and capability : the case of the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85766.
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Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Armed forces the world over have three primary functions — force development, force deployment and force employment. Defence policy plays a guiding role in all of these, but is especially important in establishing the rationale for the creation of those military capabilities that force development brings about. The end of the Cold War, which coincided with a new political dispensation in South Africa, also gave rise to a new security paradigm: a theory implying both a reduction in the utility of military force, and an adjustment in the use of military forces. This phenomenon changed the context within which states generate modern defence policy, but did not affect the causal relationship between policy publications and the outcomes of a military’s force development activities. Usually, a defence policy presupposes the development of armed forces that are effective and efficient at executing their mandate — a condition that is measurable in terms of the organisation’s levels integration, skill, quality and responsiveness. The thesis uses this concept, both as a point of departure and as a structural organising device, to describe the variance between defence policy and military capabilities. A general analysis of South Africa’s defence policy publications indicates that, indeed, the policymakers had thoroughly considered the armed forces’ effectiveness when they wrote the White Paper (1996) and the Defence Review (1998). By 2006, the South African Army has interpreted national defence policy and formulated a future strategy of its own, very much in alignment with the ‘modern system’ approach of the original policy publications.
However, further analysis of the actual capabilities of the South African National Defence Force indicates a major variance between the relevant defence policy publications, the military’s force development outcomes, and the present demands of the South African security environment. There appears to be quite serious deficiencies in the attribute of integration, which arise primarily from political influences; furthermore, the military’s quality is under strain, mainly because of the defence force’s seeming inability to formulate a strategy that is not only acceptable, but also suitable and feasible. While the armed forces appear to be skilful enough to execute their present (peacetime) missions, success in the type of operations that policy demands is unlikely. In summary, the study suggests that the principal reason for the large variance between defence policy, military capabilities, and real operational demands stems from defence’s lack of responsiveness to its resource constraints and operational realities. The thesis therefore concludes that the defence force has been largely unsuccessful in complying with the demands of defence policy, irrespective of the fact that the policy by itself may be obsolete and/or inappropriate for the South African context; furthermore, that military effectiveness in meeting current operational demands is also doubtful. Finally, the defence force’s schizophrenic organisational culture may be the primary cause of it moving ever closer to reneging on its constitutional mandate.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gewapende magte wêreldwyd het drie primêre funksies — magsontwikkeling, magsontplooiing en magsaanwending. Verdedigingsbeleid vervul ‘n rigtinggewende rol in al hierdie funksies, maar is veral belangrik om die skepping van die militêre vermoëns, wat deur magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite daargestel word, te regverdig. Gevolglik beoog hierdie tesis om die mate van ooreenkoms tussen die voorskrifte van Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsbeleid en die werklike militêre vermoëns van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te beskryf, soos dit ontwikkel het tussen 2000 en 2011. Die einde van die Koue Oorlog (samelopend met die totstandkoming van ‘n nuwe bedeling in Suid-Afrika) het geboorte gegee aan nuwe denke betreffende veiligheid, wat ook ‘n afname in die nuttigheid van militêre mag en ‘n aanpassing in die aanwending van militêre magte tot gevolg gehad het. Hierdie verskynsel het die omgewing waarbinne moderne state verdedigingsbeleid ontwikkel verander, maar nie die kousale verband tussen beleidspublikasies en die uitkomste van ‘n weermag se magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite aangeraak nie. Gewoonlik veronderstel ‘n verdedigingsbeleid die ontwikkeling van gewapende magte wat doeltreffend en doelmatig is in die uitvoering van hul mandaat — ‘n toestand wat meetbaar is in terme van die organisasie se vlakke van integrasie, vaardigheid, kwaliteit, en hul vermoë om toepaslik op omgewigsinvloede te reageer. Die tesis gebruik hierdie konsep, beide as ‘n vertrekpunt en as ‘n strukturele ordeningsmeganisme, en om die verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid en militêre vermoëns te beskryf. ‘n Algemene ontleding van Suid-Afrika se verdedigingsbeleidspublikasies toon dat, met die skryf van die Witskrif (1996) en Verdedigingsoorsig (1998), beleidmakers wel deeglike oorweging geskenk het aan die weermag se doeltreffenheid; so ook die Suid-Afrikaanse Leër, wat teen 2006 sy eie toekomsstrategie die lig laat sien het.
Desnieteenstaande getuig verdere ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasional Weermag se werklike vermoëns van diepgaande verskille tussen verbandhoudende beleidspublikasies, die weermag se ontwikkelingsuitkomste, en die huidige eise van die Suid-Afrikaanse veiligheidsomgewing. Dit wil voorkom asof daar ernstige integrasie-leemtes is, komende hoofsaaklik vanuit die politieke omgewing; verder is die gewapende magte se kwaliteit onder druk, hoofsaaklik vanweë die weermag se onvermoë om ‘n strategie te formuleer wat gelyktydig aanvaarbaar, geskik en uitvoerbaar is. Die gewapende magte mag dalk vaardig genoeg wees om hul huidige (vredestydse) take te verrig, maar dit is te betwyfel of hulle suksesvol sal wees in die voer van die tipe operasies soos beleid voorgeskryf. Ter opsomming dui die studie aan dat die groot verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid, militêre vermoëns en werklike operasionel eise voor die deur van ‘n gebrek aan doelmatige aanpassing by hulpbrontekorte en operasionele werklikhede gelê kan word. Die tesis maak dus die gevolgtrekking dat die weermag grootliks onsuksesvol was om aan die vereistes van verdedigingsbeleid te voldoen, ongeag die feit dat verdedigingsbeleid op sigself verouderderd en/of ontoepaslik binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks mag wees; verder, dat militêre effektiwiteit ter voldoening aan huidige operasionele eise tans ook verdag is. Ten slotte is die weermag se tweeslagtige organisasiekultuur moontlik die belangrikste oorsaak van die neiging na die versaking van verdediging se grondwetlike mandaat.
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Clark, Jacqueline Kim. "Visions of the Rainbow : Constructions of South African identity in South African literature for adolescents." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10251.
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Bibliography: leaves 99-104.<br>This research aims to analyse how post-apartheid South Africa has been constructed as society and nation in fictional novels that have been written in English, by South Africans in South Africa, which are set in South Africa and have been written specifically for adolescents. Five books that were published before 1994 and five that were published after 1994 were analysed in order to compare the way in which South Africa is depicted in the novels written during and after apartheid.
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Gillespie, Sandra. "South-south transfer, a study of Sino-African exchanges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/NQ41158.pdf.
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Muhambe, Baganda Herman. "Information behaviour of African immigrants living in Cape Town, South Africa." The University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5808.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Library and Information Studies)<br>The study investigated the information seeking behaviour of African immigrants
who live in the City of Cape Town, South Africa. The key objectives of the study
were to identify information needs and information seeking patterns of African
immigrants in the City of Cape Town; to identify barriers between information
and these immigrants; and to form strategies or suggestions for overcoming these
barriers so that the organisations that serve immigrant communities may better
address these information needs. The study applied a mixed methods approach,
which included both quantitative and qualitative methods. The two methods were
used as a combination in this research so as to take advantage of the strengths of
the two approaches.
The data collection tools were an administered questionnaire for quantitative data
and semi-structured interviews for qualitative data. Pre-testing of research tools,
evaluation of research methods, and consideration of ethical issues were discussed
to ensure validity and reliability of research findings. The quantitative data were
analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel, while the qualitative data were
analysed using thematic content analysis. The overall response rate was 95% (228
out of 240 sample size). The study was informed by Gary Burnett and Paul T.
Jaeger’s (2011) Theory of Information Worlds.
The study revealed that, upon African immigrants’ arrival in South Africa, they
search for basic information to survive, such as information about jobs,
accommodation and a means of self-improvement, including training and learning
English. These needs continuously persist as human beings always seek for
improvement in life.
Over time the need for other types of information, such as information about
driving and recreation, including gymnasium training, and services, including
health services, also becomes prominent. Therefore, time is one of the factors that
influences African immigrants’ information needs. As they become established
over time, some of their information needs change.The majority of participants who lived in the City of Cape Town for a long period
of time indicated that overall, they found information they needed from different
formal sources, including government offices, Non - Governmental Organisations
(NGOs) and the internet, while those who were relatively new in the Cape Town
area mainly consulted friends and relatives for information.
The findings of the study highlighted certain issues that African immigrants
experience when searching for information. These issues hampered them to not
fully access information in order to satisfy their needs. It included the inability to
speak English, lack of connections, policies and procedures, discrimination,
racism and xenophobia, and a sense of social exclusion, to name a few.
The study further revealed that interpersonal information seeking behaviour
played a critical role in the lives of African immigrants, not only because of the
language barrier, which does not enable them to connect with the outside world,
but also because of credibility and trustworthy networking.
It was discovered that most African immigrants do not come to South Africa with
the whole family straight away without knowing someone already living here in
South Africa. Men first come alone, as it is easier for men to survive all kinds of
surprises of the journey, to live anywhere with friends while trying to save money,
and to make sure they become comfortable with the new surroundings before
bringing the family.
In this regard, they build information connections with other fellow African
immigrants at work, at church and in the area where they live. These new friends
become their primary sources of information. Having friends who look like them,
share similar backgrounds or speak the same language builds trustworthiness and
credibility in African immigrants’ information seeking behaviour. This network
kept on growing as African immigrants meet new people throughout their lives in
Cape Town.
Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that government; public
libraries in the City of Cape Town and NGOs that serve African immigrants take
the English language barrier into consideration and create as many facilities as
possible where African immigrants can easily learn English at minimum cost. It is also recommended that government institutions, banks and other institutions that
might interact with African immigrants create an environment that will be free of
all kinds of discrimination when providing information in order for African
immigrants to feel welcome and socially included.
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Labode, Modupe Gloria. "African Christian women and Anglican missionaries in South Africa : 1850-1910." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333301.
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Kleynhans, Evert Philippus. "Armoured warfare : the South African experience in East Africa 1940-1941." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95919.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Following South African entry into the Second World War on 6 September 1939, the Union
Defence Force (UDF) transformed from an ageing peacetime defence force into a modern
armed force capable of projecting offensive power. During the interwar period a certain state
of melancholia had existed in the UDF in terms of military innovation, which resulted in
muddled thinking in the UDF in terms of armoured warfare and mechanisation. The offensive
potential of armoured forces was simply not understood by the South African defence
planners, with the result that there was only a token armoured force in the UDF in
September 1939.
The South African entry into the war was the impetus for the development of a viable
armoured force within the UDF, and the South African Tank Corps (SATC) was established
in May 1940. Changes in both the nature and organisational structure of the South African
defence establishment followed. The Italian presence in Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland
was seen as a direct threat to the neighbouring British East African territories, and South
Africa deployed to Kenya during June 1940, soon after the Italian declaration of war.
The South African deployment to East Africa was the first deployment of the UDF in a
situation of regular war since the First World War. Despite the doctrine that underpinned the
South African deployment of armoured forces in East Africa, the SATC units soon learned
that the accepted doctrine, borrowed from the British War Office during the interwar period,
was but a mere guide to offensive employment. The story of the South African deployment to
East Africa during the war is used as a lens through which to investigate the role and
employment of both the UDF armoured cars and light tanks. By separately discussing the
Allied offensives through Italian Somaliland and southern Abyssinia during 1940-1941, the
tactical and operational employment of the South African armour during this time becomes
paramount when evaluated against their successes and failures. The nature of the opposing
Italian forces in East Africa, the ever-changing topography and climate of the theatre of
operations, and the nature of the South African offensive operations throughout the
campaign, all combined to shape the novel way in which the armoured cars and tanks of the
SATC were employed throughout 1940-1941. The operational experiences that the UDF
gained during the campaign in East Africa shaped the further deployments of South African
armour to North Africa, Madagascar and Italy during the remainder of the war.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na Suid-Afrika se toetrede tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog op 6 September 1939, het die
Unieverdedigingsmag (UVM) verander vanaf ‘n verouderde vredestydse weermag na ‘n
moderne mag met offensiewe projeksievermoëns. Gedurende die tussenoorlogperiode het
‘n gevoel van swaarmoedigheid in terme van militêre inovasie in die UVM geheers. Die
resultaat hiervan was verwarde denke ten opsigte van pantseroorlogvoering en
meganisasie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsbeplanners het nie die offensiewe potensiaal
van pantsermagte verstaan nie. Die gevolg was dat die UVM in September 1939 slegs oor
‘n simboliese pantsermag beskik het.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse toetrede tot die oorlog het die stukrag vir die ontwikkeling van ‘n
lewensvatbare pantsermag binne die UVM verleen. Gevolglik is die Suid-Afrikaanse
Tenkkorps (SATK) in Mei 1940 gestig. Veranderinge in beide die aard en organisatoriese
struktuur van die Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsinstellings het gevolg. Die Italiaanse
teenwoordigheid in Abessinië en Italiaans-Somaliland is as ‘n direkte bedreiging vir die
aangrensende Britse Oos-Afrika gebiede gesien. In Junie 1940, kort na die Italiaanse
oorlogsverklaring, is Suid-Afrikaanse magte na Kenia ontplooi.
Die UVM ontplooiing na Oos-Afrika was die eerste in ‘n gereelde oorlogsituasie
sedert die Eerste Wêreldoorlog. Ten spyte van die doktrine wat die Suid-Afrikaanse
ontplooiing van pantsermagte na Oos-Afrika ondersteun het, het die SATK-eenhede gou
geleer dat die aanvaarde doktrine, ontleen aan die Britse Ministerie van Oorlog gedurende
die tussenoorlogsjare, slegs ‘n gids was tot offensiewe aanwending. Die storie van die Suid-
Afrikaanse ontplooiing in Oos-Afrika gedurende die oorlog, word as ‘n lens gebruik waardeur
die rol en aanwending van beide die UVM se pantserkarre en ligte tenks ondersoek word.
Die geallieerde offensiewe deur Italiaans-Somaliland en suidelike Abessiniȅ gedurende 1940
– 1941 illustreer duidelik dat die taktiese en operasionele aanwending van die Suid-
Afrkaanse pantsermagte gedurende hierdie tydperk van groot belang was vir die suksesse
en mislukkings van die veldtog. Die aard van die opponerende magte in Oos-Afrika, die
voortdurend veranderende topografie en klimaat van die operasionele teater, asook die aard
van die Suid-Afrikaanse offensiewe operasies gedurende die veldtog, het gekombineer om
die unieke manier waarop die pantserkarre en tenks van die UVM van 1940 tot 1941
aangewend is, te vorm. Die operasionele ervarings wat die UVM opgedoen het gedurende
die Oos-Afrika Veldtog, het die verdere ontplooiings van Suid-Afrikaanse pantser na Noord-
Afrika, Madagaskar en Italiȅ gedurende die res van die oorlog gevorm.
43
Boughey, Paul. "Regionalisation in Southern Africa : the problem of malign South African hegemony." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3803.
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Malangu, Ntambwe. "Acute poisoning in three African countries: Botswana, South Africa and Uganda." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/674.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD (Epidemiology)-- University of Limpopo, 2011.<br>Acute poisoning constitutes one of the main reasons why patients visit emergency departments of hospitals. However, the burden and pattern of acute poisoning in African countries are not well established, hence the need for this study. This study was conducted in order to compare the
patterns of acute poisoning in three countries, namely, Botswana, South Africa, and Uganda. Specifically, this study examined the similarities and differences in the patterns of occurrence of acute poisoning based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the victims, the toxic agents involved, and the circumstances of the incidents.
The study was based on six papers published on the topic. Papers I and II about Botswana covered a period of 24 months (January 2004 - December 2005) and six months (January - June 2005) respectively. The data from Uganda, as reported in Paper III, covered a six-month period (January-June 2005); while studies in South Africa, Papers IV to VI, covered respectively six
(January-June 2005) and 18 months (January 2000-June 2001). A re-analysis of data from Papers II to IV was conducted after recoding age category and the grouping of toxic agents.
In total, the six Papers reported data on 1780 patients; 54.8% of them were male. The median age was 24 years in Uganda, but as low as 17 years in Botswana and South Africa. In Botswana and South Africa, acute poisoning incidents occurred mostly in children younger than 12 years old, then
decreased among teenagers, and increased again among young adults, before decreasing among patients over 30 years old. On the contrary, in Uganda there was that less than 5% of children
younger than 12 years who were victims of poisoning. There was an increase in the prevalence of acute poisoning among teenagers and young adults before a decrease occurred among adults over
30 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 2.1 %, ranging from 1.4% in Uganda, 2.4% in South Africa, to 2.6% in Botswana.
With regard to similarities across the three countries, it was found that among teenagers, girls committed more deliberate self-poisoning than boys; while in young adults, men committed more self-poisoning than women. With regard to toxic agents, household products were involved in fatal
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outcomes in all three countries; while agrichemicals were more involved in deliberate than accidental poisonings; food poisoning affected more females than males.
With regard to disparities across the three countries, the age and gender of the victims, the circumstances of the incidents and the types of toxic agents played a significant role. With regard to gender, the majority of the victims were males in Uganda, females in South Africa; while in Botswana, females and males were affected equally. Among teenagers, the toxic agents most
involved in the poisoning incidents were pharmaceuticals in Botswana; household chemicals in South Africa; but agrichemicals in Uganda.
While the majority of incidents happened by accident in Botswana and South Africa, being respectively 76.7% and 59.1%; in Uganda, 64.5% of acute poisoning cases were deliberate self¬poisoning. Deliberate self-poisoning was responsible for 50% of deaths in Uganda, 30% in South Africa, but no death in Botswana. The majority of deaths occurred among teenagers in South Africa; in Uganda it was among adults over 30years; while in Botswana, the majority of deaths were distributed almost equally amongst children younger than 12years old and young adults.
Diverse products were involved in fatal outcomes. In South Africa, pharmaceuticals, particularly drugs of abuse, cocaine and marijuana; as well as carbon monoxide, and organophosphates were involved in fatalities. While, in Botswana, the products involved were paraffin, traditional medicines, pharmaceuticals, food poisoning, plants, and snake envenomation. In contrast, in
Uganda, alcohol intoxication, organophosphates, carbon monoxide, and some unspecified household products lead to fatalities.
Household chemicals were involved in the deaths of victims in all three countries; but the extent of their involvement differed from country to country. This group of products was responsible of 75% of deaths in Uganda, half of deaths in South Africa, and in a third of deaths in Botswana. Agrichemicals were involved in the deaths of victims in Uganda and South Africa, but not in Botswana. They were involved in a quarter of deaths in Uganda and 10% of deaths in South Africa.
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Plants and traditional medicines were involved in two-thirds of the deaths only in Botswana; while pharmaceuticals were involved in 40% of fatal outcomes only in South Africa.
In conclusion, the contextual factors of each country led to a pattern of acute poisoning that showed some similarities with regard to the distribution of deliberate self-poisoning among females, teenagers, and young adult victims. However, there were disparities relating to the differential access to toxic agents, based on the age and gender of the victims. Moreover, though the case
fatality rate was similar across the three countries, the distribution of deaths based on age, gender, circumstances of poisoning and types of toxic agents involved differed among the three countries.
These findings suggest that multifaceted interventions should be implemented including policy development, enforcement of the existing legislation, and the establishment of a surveillance
mechanism, in-service training of clinicians and revision of treatment guidelines. These interventions should be tailored to meet the specific realities of each country.
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Lobo, Daniel Furahini Østerhus. "Perceptions of South African foreign policy in the African Union." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
South Africa plays a very important role on the African continent, both politically and economically. She is often the main protagonist behind various peace-making efforts both regionally and continentally, and now she plays an even more important part in the African Union. In July 2012 South African candidate Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma was elected as chairperson of the African Union Commission, in an election which highlighted a need to investigate the perception of South Africa in the African Union. South African foreign policy has gone through various stages, from being internationally isolated during the apartheid era to being on the forefront continentally during the successive post-apartheid presidents. The electoral discourse in 2012 however, highlighted some divergent opinions on South African foreign policy which this study investigates. What was identified during the election campaign was a possible negative perception of South African foreign policy, both politically and in terms of the private sector. The study sought to investigate how South Africa is perceived on the African continent, and in order to reach a conclusion it performed a policy analysis as well as a qualitative discourse analysis of the statements given during the election. The policy analysis contextualises and explains South African foreign policy agendas and choices, and the discourse analysis sought to reveal any negative perceptions of South African foreign policy. The findings of the study are that there is a general negative perception of South Africa and her foreign policy in Africa, due to several reasons, which will be discussed in the following study. The negative perceptions stem from the Eastern region, the Western region, as well as from South Africa itself, through political analysts and experts.
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Coertze, Stephen Victor. "Challenges facing the African church South African theologians speak out /." Diss., Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09182007-120408/.
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Lues, Liezel. "The history of professional African women : a South African perspective." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 4, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/428.
Full textAbstract:
Published Article<br>This article reviews the perspectives on the rights, roles and endeavours of women in the South African work environment. In an attempt to achieve this objective, the article commences with a holistic approach on the evolution of women's rights and roles. The remainder gives perspectives on the South African labour force and finally outlines the importance of South African legislation on the advancement of women. The situation of African women is, in particular referred to, as it was evident during 1995 and earlier that African females were considerably under-represented in various sectors of the workforce. African women were, for example, introduced into the management environment as recently as the 1980s, while supportive legislation only came into place in the 1990s.
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Diale, Carol Dineo. "Black African women in South African male-dominated entrepreneurial environments." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60593.
Full textAbstract:
Black African women entrepreneurs are increasingly entering male-dominated
environments. Research based on the challenges faced by Black African women in maledominated
entrepreneurial sectors is lacking within the African context. The main objective
of the study was therefore to explore the challenges faced by Black African women
entrepreneurs in predominantly male-dominated environments.
A qualitative approach focusing on the life stories was used to collect data from 12 Black
African women entrepreneurs in diverse South African male dominated sectors.
The results reveal that there is still a distorted view of what women can or cannot do related
to the impact of the African culture on the experiences of these women in their
entrepreneurial endeavours. Patriarchy is still prevalent in the African culture and negatively
impacts the women’s entrepreneurial ventures. This results in the women negotiating and
renegotiating their professional and cultural identities in overcoming societal strictures to
their entrepreneurial ventures.
The study provides valuable information on how Black African women’s professional and
cultural identities are impacted when operating in predominantly male-dominated
environments. The study also provides the limitations and recommendations for future
research.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Human Resource Management<br>MCom<br>Unrestricted
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Tali, Lolonga Lincoln. "The South African Communist Party and its prospects for achieving socialism in a democratic South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020569.
Full textAbstract:
“It should not be forgotten that this ideological contribution impacted itself in a very real way on the whole national and democratic movement. It helped transform the ANC from its early beginnings of petition politics into a revolutionary nationalist movement.” Joe Slovo (in a speech delivered at the University of the Western Cape to mark the 70th anniversary of the SACP, 19 July 1991) At the time that the late Joe Slovo, former secretary of the South African Communist Party and former Minister of Housing in the first Government of national unity, made the speech the former party had about a year of legal existence inside the country after President FW de Klerk had unbanned all previously banned political parties in February 1990. Indeed the unbanning of political parties in South Africa was preceded by cataclysmic events in both Soviet Russia and Eastern Europe. General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev who was leader of the Soviet Communist Party was at the helm in Moscow. He introduced a number of policies whose main objective was to democratize Soviet society and do away with some of the undemocratic practices that were always associated with the policy of communism. Consequently, there was much talk about glasnost (openness) and perestroika during the period of President Gorbachev’s rule of Soviet Russia. The two policies were the main feature of his quest to modernize Soviet Russia and gradually move away from communism. The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the fall of Nicolai Ceausescu in Romania and the disintegration of other East European countries like Yugoslavia signalled a death knell for East European socialism. The foregoing events also implied that the era of the Cold War between the West (led by USA, Britain, and West Germany et al) and East (led by the USSR, Poland, and East Germany et al) was over. The Cold War was a period of tremendous tension as Soviet Russia sought to spread its system of communism to Third World countries in Africa and South America. The West for its part tried to counteract by supporting forces which were opposed to communism in these countries. One can cite the example of Angola where Soviet Russia supported the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) led by Augustinho Neto which had adopted the system at the independence of the country in 1975. Jonas Savimbi led the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) which was opposed to communism and was supported by South Africa and other Western countries which were also opposed to the system of communism. In essence the Cold War was a contest between the West and the East in gaining converts to their respective belief systems. The collapse of communism was viewed by the West as triumph of its own belief system and the confirmation of the failure of communism. It is against the backdrop of these foregoing events that the South African Communist Party was unbanned together with other erstwhile banned on the 2nd of February 1990.The SACP which had much influence in the ANC in the late 1950s and early 1960s and much of the time the parties were in exile was unbanned against the backdrop of the foregoing events. Of interest to observers was whether the party after it was unbanned would be able to exert the same influence it did on the ANC during the time in exile. Would the SACP take over from the ANC after the democratic transition and impose a socialist state in South Africa even if globally the trend was to move away from communism/socialism? Would the ANC itself follow a system which had been shown to lack the ability to confront the challenges of the 20th century? Some political commentators viewed the relationship between the ANC and the SACP as that of a metaphorical rider (the latter) and donkey (the former). In essence they argued that the SACP was the one determining the general trajectory of the liberation movement and its economic policies in particular. This dissertation will show that the influence of the SACP within the Tripartite Alliance in general and the ANC government in particular swings like a pendulum. It depends on who is in charge as president of the ANC. Before and during the exile years as the ANC was led by the late Oliver Tambo, the party enjoyed relatively better influence within the former organizations. The two organizations co-operated well in many ventures like the Defiance campaign, drafting of the Freedom Charter and the establishment of Umkhonto Wesizwe in 1961. During the presidency of Nelson Mandela most SACP members were in the first democratic cabinet though they did not exert as much influence as would be desirable. The main economic policy that the ruling ANC advocated was under the umbrella of what was termed the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) and was not even the brainchild of the SACP but of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). In 1996 Thabo Mbeki, then deputy president to Nelson Mandela, came with the neo-liberal policy of Growth, Employment and Redistribution to try and salvage the South African economy which at the time was not performing at its best. Not only was GEAR unashamedly neo-liberal, it was also done without consultation of the SACP by its alliance partner the ANC. This engendered palpable tension within the alliance and led to name-calling from the party which derogatively referred to all the advocates of GEAR as the ‘Class of 1996’. The tension between the SACP and the ANC continued until former President Thabo Mbeki and his ‘Class of 1996’ were ousted from office in the 2007 ANC Polokwane elective conference. After the Polokwane conference, Jacob Zuma who had been Thabo Mbeki’s deputy president in both government and the ANC, assumed power. Zuma did not deviate much from the policies that were adopted by his predecessor though the SACP had played a significant role in bringing him to power. Just like Mbeki and Mandela before him, he had a number of SACP members in his cabinet and, in his case, some of them in key cabinet posts like Ebrahim Patel (a member of the SACP) who serves as Minister of Economic Development. Though he has these staunch members of the party in his cabinet, the Zuma administration has been able to adopt a neo-liberal economic policy which it has termed: National Development Plan which has been criticized by communists as no better than GEAR. This dissertation will show how the party sometimes struggle and sometimes wins that struggle to influence government policy.
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Vanderschuren, Maria Johanna Wilhelmina Antoinette. "Intelligent transport systems for South Africa impact assessment through microscopic simulation in the South African context /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57131.
Full textAbstract:
Proefschrift Universiteit Twente, Enschede.<br>Op omslag: Intelligent transport systems in South Africa. Auteursnaam op omslag: Marianne Vanderschuren. Met lit. opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.