Academic literature on the topic 'South-Eastern States of Nigeria'
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Journal articles on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
1
RK, Obi, Chikwendu CI, and Ijeh NC. "Evaluation of the Lockdowns for SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in South Eastern Nigeria." American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health 4, no. 4 (2020): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id38.
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The novel SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, a pandemic of great public health concern. COVID-19 was fi rst reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The fi rst case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was confi rmed on the 27th of February, 2020 and has since spread to 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, bringing total confi rmed cases in Nigeria to 25,694, 9,746 recoveries and 590 deaths as at 30th June, 2020. This was therefore designed to examine the impact of the lockdowns and border closures of states on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the fi ve states of South Eastern, Nigeria. COVID-19 data of the fi ve South Eastern States of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo between April 1st and 30th June were retrieved from the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) microsites and analyzed using GraphPad software, Version 5.01. Results showed that the South Eastern states recorded a total of 1,415 COVID-19 cases between April when all the fi ve states had their fi rst cases and June, 30th with Ebonyi with a total of 438(31.0%) producing the highest confi rmed cases. The highest rate of infection was observed in the month of June with Ebonyi recording the highest (28.1%), followed by Abia and Imo with 21.2% and 20.9% respectively. The use of face masks, social distancing, community lockdown and other containment measures are necessary to prevent further upsurge in the rate COVID-19 infection in the South East, and indeed the whole Nigeria.
2
Tim, Nnaji Chimaobi, and Okoli Chinwe Edith. "The Evaluation of Anaesthesia Workforce Capacity, An Index of Safe Perioperative Care in the South-Eastern Nigeria." Anesthesia & Clinical Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 7. https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6148.23.14.1096.
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Anaesthesia and surgical care are essential for the treatment of many of the health-related conditions in our environment and they are integral component of a functional and resilient health system. The WFSA Global Anaesthesia practice projected that at least 5 physician anaesthesia providers per 100,000 population is needed to effectively ensure leadership of anaesthesia services as well as the delivery of emergency and essential patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the anaesthesia provider capacity in the south-eastern Nigeria, as an index of safe perioperative care. We conducted a study to survey the anaesthesia provider capacity in the south-eastern Nigeria, during the period of September through December 2021 by contacting the various Heads of Anaesthesia Department in public and private hospitals on phone and via Whatsapp messages. We also analyzed the 2016 edition of Nigerian Society of Anaesthetists Membership Directory. The total number of physician-anaesthetists and non-physician anaesthetists in the various states in south-eastern Nigeria were evaluated relative to the population density. Data was collated using Microsoft excel spread sheet analyzed using SPSS version 27.0 and presented as frequencies, proportions and ratios in tabular and descriptive forms. This survey showed that there are 50 consultant anaesthetists (anaesthesia specialist physicians) working in the south-eastern part of Nigeria, serving 21,955,414 population at the rate of 0.2 per 100,000 populations. The non-physician anaesthesia providers were the nurse anaesthetist (83), anaesthesia technicians (29) and anaesthesia attendants (39). This study showed that there is critical shortage of qualified physician anaesthetists and other anaesthesia providers in south-eastern Nigeria.
3
Maxwell, Anayo Onanwa, and Azuka Chukwuma Victoria. "Principals' Leadership and Teachers' Collaboration Fin the Performance of Private Secondary Schools of South Eastern states of Nigeria." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistical Analysis 6, no. 1 (2025): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14863438.
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<em>This study examined principals’ leadership styles and teachers’ collaboration in the performance of private secondary schools of South Eastern States of Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted correlational survey design. The population of the study comprised 15,200 teachers in the 2,284 approved private secondary schools in the 21 education zones in the South East, Nigeria. The sample size was made up 3,000, comprising 2,500 approved teachers, 500 principal. The sample was chosen using cluster and purposive sampling techniques. Two instruments were used for this study, Principals Leadership Style in Schools (PLSS) and Teachers’ Collaboration in Private Schools (TCPS) with 40 items for principals and 10 items for teachers. The four specialists-two from the department of measurement and evaluation and two from the department of educational administration and planning. The reliability was ascertained using Cronbach alpha statistics which gave the indices as 0.79 for principal’s leadership styles and 0.81 for teacher’s collaboration. Research questions were answered using simple linear regression statistics while hypotheses were tested with t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings among others were that, there is a high relationship between principals leadership styles and performance of private secondary schools in the south eastern, Nigeria. The study found that too there is high relationship between principals’ support for teacher’s collaboration and performance of private secondary schools in south eastern states of Nigeria. The study found that too there is high relationship between principals’ support for teachers’ collaboration and performance of private secondary schools in south eastern states of Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that private secondary school principals and their management should endeavour to encourage teacher’s collaboration. There is also the need to give periodic orientation to both new and old teachers.</em>
4
Ihionu, Marcellinus, Iyke Maureen, and Alexander Aneke. "Causes of Failure Among Family Owned Businesses." International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 12, no. 5 (2024): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20241205.15.
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The study investigated the causes of failure among family owned businesses in South-East, Nigeria. Specific objectives were to; evaluate major family business enterprises that have failed in South-eastern states, Nigeria; investigate the causes of failure of these family owned business enterprisesidentified in South-eastern states in Nigeria; explore strategies that will help prevent such failures in other family owned business enterprises in Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative approach in analyzing the causes. Historical analysis of ten indigenous family owned business situated in South-eastern, Nigeria that have gone into extinction, were thoroughly carried out to identify factors that contributed to their extinction. It was found out that; death of founder(s), financial constraint, poor management, market complexity and competitions are the main contributors to family business failures and extinctions in Southeastern, Nigeria. Thus, it was recommended family business owners should be liberal, open-minded, flexible and inclusive in making business decisions that will propel their enterprises to greater height. More so, competent hands, professional business consultants and advisors should be incorporated in managing the business. This will ensure the success and fecundity of the business. Though, the study encountered a slight challenge as regards to the availability of resources, because relevant information that would have enriched the result, were not documented or uploaded on the internet. However, the findings of the study contributed immensely to the body knowledge of family successes, growths and failures in Nigeria.
5
Mba, Lilian Chinedu, CK Ajaero, and AE Obetta. "Patterns of rice production and yields in south eastern Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 07 (2021): 18330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.102.20105.
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This study assessed the patterns of rice production and yields in South Eastern Nigeria. The study focused on clusters of production systems and estimation of rice yields. The study adopted a questionnaire survey design. The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by three experts and the reliability of the instrument was determined with an internal consistency of 0.79. Four states, three Local Government Areas (LGAs) from each of the selected states were purposively selected, while two communities were randomly selected from each of the twelve LGAs making a total of twenty four communities. Twenty farm households were randomly selected from each of the two communities making a total of forty farm households per LGA. In all, a total of four hundred and eighty farm households were sampled. Data were collected on the rice types, patterns and yields in South Eastern Nigeria. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation with STATA software. The results on the patterns of rice production showed that rain-fed dry upland and shallow fadama rice systems were the most widespread rice production systems across the states in the study area. Valley bottoms or ‘deep fadama’ are practiced in Anambra, Enugu and Ebonyi States. The preferred rice type in Anambra, Enugu and Ebonyi States is MAS 2401, while IR 1416 is the chief variety at Uzo-Uwani LGA of Enugu States and FARO 16 is the most preferred rice type in Abia State. The null hypothesis indicates that there exists a statistically significant variation in the patterns of rice production across the study areas. The mean yield estimation curve identified that Ebonyi State recorded the highest mean estimation production value of (7,805kg/ha) in rice production. The Pearson correlation results indicate that a very high (0.91) relationship exists between rice production patterns and yields in the study area. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the variations in the patterns of rice production across the study had resultant effect on the rice yields. It was recommended that policy makers should address the needs of local rice farmers by providing agricultural interventions at State and Local Government levels through improved agronomic practices, better inputs management and efficient water management to boost production and enable Nigeria attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on food security [25].
6
Chioma, Lilian Anuagasi, and Nnajiofor Okigbo Raphael. "Ethno-Botanical Studies of Post-harvest Rot of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in the Five South-eastern States of Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 439–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13685111.
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White yam (<em>Dioscorea rotundata</em> Poir.) is the most important species of yam in West Africa cultivated for the consumption of its starchy tuber. Indigenous knowledge and usage of white yam in some parts of South-Eastern, Nigeria was investigated. This research work aimed at conducting ethno-botanical studies of post harvest rot of white yam in the five South-Eastern states of Nigeria. A well-structured, pre-tested questionnaire on cultivation, post harvest handling of yam, and conservation was designed and administered to obtain crucial information from the respondents within the study area. Five South-Eastern states of Nigeria namely; Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo states were randomly surveyed. Ethno-botanical studies revealed that five hundred and eighty two households about 97% of the respondents were interviewed out of the six hundred questionnaires administered which were successfully retrieved and fully responded to. It was observed that more men (63.67%) were involved in yam farming than women (33.33%) who engage in yam farming. Overall, respondents within the study area who were aware of the indigenous knowledge of yam were significantly (P˂0.05) higher than those who were unaware. This ethno-botanical study revealed the traditional concepts and practices relating to yam cultivation and its conservation. Findings from this survey will be utilized as a basis for further investigations on emerging indigenous practices and sustainability impact.
7
Unegbu, Angus Okechukwu. "Butterfly Inflationary Effects of Multiply Police Check-Points in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 24, no. 7 (2024): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i71405.
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There exists established research evidence of multiple police-check-points in the South East of Nigeria. Current research objective is to find out effects of these choking Police Check Points on the butterfly inflationary trends in the Nigerian Economy. It is a ripple effect of insignificant variable in one economic area that had a very significant effect in the whole and /or another section(s) of the populace. Data were sampled from a total of 450 business persons the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria with business links to South East Zone, in addition to other areas. The research established direct nexus between increasing police-check points in South East and increasing prices of goods and services in the Nigeria economy. The level of significance of surge Police tollgates in South East Zone and its butterfly inflationary trends in Nigeria is found to be significantly high on normal goods bought and sold with the Country. It is recommended among others that most of these check-points be disbanded if they are not there for political economy and exhortations against the Eastern States of Nigeria.
8
Haruna, Ali, and Vivan Kasham. "Neutron Activation Analysis of Kaolin of the South Eastern States Nigeria." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 16, no. 4 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2016/25418.
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Nwankwor, Amaka. "Interrogating the Nexus between Human Capital Development and Insecurity in South East Nigeria (2010-2023)." Journal of Policy and Development Studies 16, no. 1 (2024): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v16i1.10.
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This study is on the effect of human capacity development on insecurity in Nigeria (2010–2031). The study used descriptive survey research design in which youths of selected states in South East of Nigeria were studied. The population of the study is 13.4 million youths in South East of Nigeria. Linear regression was used in the hypotheses testing. This was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software ver.22. The study revealed that inability of government to build the capacity of the youths significantly heighten insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.656, p=0.000), that lack of youth skill training significantly heighten insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.674, p=0.000) and that inadequate development of technical capabilities significantly heightens insecurity in South East Nigeria (Beta=0.340, p=0.000). Based on the findings, the studyrecommended that since it will never be possible for government to employ all the youth in the South East, the government should encourage the youth through skills acquisition and soft loan to enable them start some businesses of their own, while the government continues to monitor the beneficiaries, offering them advice and guidance where necessary. The states government in South East part of Nigeria can as well encourage the youth to queue into the agricultural programme of the South Eastern states by acquiring land and other farm inputs at subsidized rates as well as making tractors and other equipment available, and can go further by assisting the farmers sale their produce at appreciable rate through marketing board which the states in South East of Nigeria can establish..
10
Chioma Lilian Anuagasi and Raphael Nnajiofor Okigbo. "Ethno-Botanical Studies of Post-harvest Rot of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in the Five South-eastern States of Nigeria." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.20.1.0269.
Full textAbstract:
White yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) is the most important species of yam in West Africa cultivated for the consumption of its starchy tuber. Indigenous knowledge and usage of white yam in some parts of South-Eastern, Nigeria was investigated. This research work aimed at conducting ethno-botanical studies of post harvest rot of white yam in the five South-Eastern states of Nigeria. A well-structured, pre-tested questionnaire on cultivation, post harvest handling of yam, and conservation was designed and administered to obtain crucial information from the respondents within the study area. Five South-Eastern states of Nigeria namely; Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo states were randomly surveyed. Ethno-botanical studies revealed that five hundred and eighty two households about 97% of the respondents were interviewed out of the six hundred questionnaires administered which were successfully retrieved and fully responded to. It was observed that more men (63.67%) were involved in yam farming than women (33.33%) who engage in yam farming. Overall, respondents within the study area who were aware of the indigenous knowledge of yam were significantly (P˂0.05) higher than those who were unaware. This ethno-botanical study revealed the traditional concepts and practices relating to yam cultivation and its conservation. Findings from this survey will be utilized as a basis for further investigations on emerging indigenous practices and sustainability impact.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
1
Enyong, Sammy Chris Taku-Nchung. "Boarding secondary education in the Eastern States of Nigeria : Influences, charateristics and problems." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381876.
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The issue of boarding education at secondary level has been one of controversy in Nigeria at least throughout the period since Independence. From 1960 onwards the various authorities charged with the provision of secondary schooling have had to relate the educational legacies of colonialism, including the English boarding school model, to the needs and demands of a newly emerging and economically diversifying country. This thesis is therefore concerned inter alia to identify the influences, characteristics and problems of secondary boarding schools in Nigeria, and especially in the Eastern States of that country. It attempts first to identify significant formative influences through an historical/ documentary study, and then to ascertain empirically contemporary attitudes and perceptions of the various parties to the provision and operation of such schools today. In so doing, aspects such as organisation, administration, management, discipline, values, routine, facilities and infrastructure are described and discussed. The thesis has twelve chapters, organised in three parts: Part A comprises six chapters dealing with the identification of the problem and contributing factors. Chapters One and 2 Two outline the environmental and educational context. Chapter Three illustrates the history and nature of the problem, whilst Chapter Four provides an explanation of the research context. Chapter Five reviews some previous research on boarding and Chapter Six is a consideration of the nature and development of the most influential model, the English Public School. Part B, the development and nature of boarding in the study area deals mainly with aspects of the history and character of boarding schools in Nigeria and especially in the Eastern States. So Chapter Seven is concerned with the long period up to and including the Nigerian civil war, which ended in 1970. Chapter Eight reviews the post-war situation which is given a more detailed focus by Chapter Nine, an account of a preliminary field survey carried out by the writer in 1981. Part C of the thesis is concerned with the current attitudes of the various parties as ascertained by the writer's main empirical exercise, that is to say staff, students and parents. Chapter Ten describes the empirical methods selected and used, and is followed by Chapter Eleven which is a detailed account of the findings. Chapter Twelve 1S a discussion of the results obtained. The thesis concludes with a summary, and recommendations for improving provision in this sector, e~ecially in respect of the quality of facilities and staffing. 3 The Study confirmed what was generally assumed and suspected: that boarding school arrangements in the Eastern States of Nigeria continue to be in very high demand more than 25 years after Independence. The main conclusion was that parents, school authorities, members of the public and students, in general prefer bo~rding to day schools at this level despite the severe problems of plant and staff quality that are very evident. The thesis concludes with a number of alternative strategies, recommendations and comments aimed at improving the condition and provision in this sector of schooling. It is clearly not just a matter of improving physical facilities, there is urgent need for a clarification of the objectives of such provision in modern Nigeria as well as for suitable staff development programmes that will assist their realisation.
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Uhakheme, Aig Smart. "Nigeria-United States relations with respect to their perspectives on political change in Africa: the cases of Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1985. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1134.
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This study centers around Nigeria-United States relations with respect to their perspectives on political change in Africa. It is premised on the assumption that international politics is generally a mix of conflictual and cooperative relationships. It is in this context that the study examines Nigeria-United States perspectives, and the positions taken by both countries on the issue of political change in Africa, using Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa as case studies.
The study shows that, at the level of diplomatic rhetoric, there seems to be a shared perspective on political change between Nigeria and the United States. However, underneath this shared perspective lie a host of disagreements and differences. Of critical significance are the differences in the interpretation of political change and the motivations behind both countries' policy in Southern Africa.
Nigeria favors radical change, while the United States favors gradual change. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that Nigeria is motivated by its commitment to the cause of African emancipation, while the United States is largely motivated by its varied economic and strategic interests in the region. These differences, however, have not made cooperation between both countries in other areas impossible.
The conclusion suggests that, on the whole, Nigeria-United States relations during the period under study have been marked by disagreements and cooperation. Relations between the two countries were decidedly cool at times, cordial at other times and uneasy in the Reagan years.
3
Ishola, Adeyinka Ganiyat. "Acceptance and commitment therapy in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV program among pregnant women living with HIV in South Western States of Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5775.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>The objective of this study was to determine if introducing acceptance and
commitment therapy in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT)
program using weekly mobile phone messages would result in improved mental
health status of HIV-positive, pregnant women in Nigeria.
The study used a quantitative approach using a Solomon four-group (two
intervention and two control groups) randomised design to evaluate the impact of an
acceptance and commitment therapy program. The study population was 132
randomly selected (33 per site), HIV-positive pregnant women attending four
randomly selected PMTCT centres in Nigeria. Two were Intervention and two were
Control sites which functioned as Intervention and Control groups. The intervention
groups were exposed to one session of acceptance and commitment therapy with
weekly value-based health messages sent by mobile phone for three months during
pregnancy. The control groups received only post-HIV test counselling.
4
Barle, Daniel George. "Local government decentralised reforms in South Africa : a comparative perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51820.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All the countries in the world at one or another stage undergo reform or transformation
primarily for political reasons and/or to adapt to the challenges and demands placed on the
national governments by their electorate or populace. The type of reforms, that is,
centralised or decentralised which are implemented in turn is dependent on the political
conditions that prevail in a country as well as its system of government.
Any reforms which take place, whether in a developed or developing country, will have an
impact on its political system as well as governmental structures which in turn will
influence the intergovernmental relations in that country. Thus, any reforms implemented
in a country with a centralised system of government will result in the weakening of the
position of the national government in terms of power and functions. Conversely, reforms
introduced in a country with a decentralised system of government will invariably
strengthen the national government and weaken the lower levels of government in terms
of legislation and executive power and functions.
For the purpose of this dissertation, the following criteria have been identified for
comparison in respect of the decentralised reforms which have been implemented in the
selected developed and developing countries, namely:
• political system;
• local political structure;
• local functions; and
• local finance.
The decentralised reforms which have taken place in the selected countries since the
1960's were evaluated individually in respect of the aforementioned criteria, whereupon a
comparative evaluation was made between South Africa and the developing countries,
namely, Botswana and Nigeria, as well as between South Africa and the selected
developed countries, namely, Britain and the United States of America. The foregoing evaluations infer alia revealed that decentralisation was implemented in the
selected countries in various degrees or forms, namely, deconcentration, delegation,
devolution and privatisation, the latter form by way of contracting out and/or by local
authorities playing an enabling or facilitating role in respect of the provision of facilities and
services.
Flowing from the evaluations, an integrated approach was followed to formulate an
effective system of local government for South Africa with regard to the four criteria
identified for the study, bearing in mind infer alia that South Africa is an advanced
developing country, which in turn has an impact on the extent of the decentralised reforms
which can practically be implemented.
The macro organisational decentralised reform proposals regarding the political system in
South Africa entail:
• the separation of the legislative and the executive;
• the granting of greater guaranteed autonomy to the provincial and local governments;
and
• the provision of local charters and listing of municipalities in the Constitution of 1996.
Turning to the local political structure, a decentralised two tier structure is proposed for
metropolitan areas, a three tier structure for non-metropolitan areas, that is, the districts as
well as the establishment of land boards in tribal areas and the appointment of
commissioners in the districts to facilitate development planning and to eo-ordinate the
activities of the provincial and local government agencies.
With regard to the third criteria identified for the study, various functions are proposed to
either be devolved or delegated to the local sphere of government, the functions to be
executed by the different tiers of local government within the context of the
decentralisation, functions which should be eontracted out by local government and in
respect of which functions private-public partnerships should be established with relevant
bodies or organisations. Finally, additional sources of revenue are proposed for municipalities in both the
metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, the increase in the rate of certain levies and
taxes, the transfer of certain taxes between the tiers of local government, the introduction
of a hybrid system of local government finance and for an integrated plan to be developed
for the management of public finance.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: AI die lande in die wêreld ondergaan op een of ander tydstip hervorming en transformasie
hoofsaaklik vir politieke redes en/of om aan te pas by die vereistes en uitdagings wat op
nationale regerings deur die bevolking of kiesers geplaas word. Die soort hervorming, dit
wel sê, sentralisasie of desentralisasie wat geïmplementeer word, is op sy beurt afhanklik
van die politieke toestande wat in 'n land heers, asook die land se stelsel van regering.
Enige hervormings wat plaasvind, hetsy in 'n ontwikkelde of ontwikkelende land, sal 'n
impak hê op sy politieke stelsel asook owerheidstrukture wat weer op sy beurt 'n invloed
sal hê op die interowerheidsverhoudinge in daardie land. Derhalwe, enige hervorming wat
in 'n land met 'n gesentraliseerde stelsel van regering geïmplementeer word, sal die
posisie van die nasionale regering verswak in terme van magte en funksies. Daarenteen,
sal enige hervormings wat in 'n land met 'n gedesentraliseerde stelsel van regering
geïmplementeer word, die posisie van die nasionale regering in terme van wetgewende en
uitvoerende magte en funksies, versterk en dié van die laer vlakke van regering verswak.
Vir die doel van hierdie verhandeling, is die volgende kriteria geïdentifiseer vir vergelyking
met betrekking tot die desentralisering hervormings wat geïmplementeer is in die
geïdentifiseerde ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande, naamlik:
• politieke stelsel;
• plaaslike politieke struktuur;
• plaaslike funksies; en
• plaaslike finansies.
Die desentralisering hervormings wat in die geïdentifiseerde lande sedert die 1960's
plaasgevind het, is individueel ge-evalueer met betrekking tot bogenoemde kriteria,
waarna 'n vergelykende evaluasie tussen Suid-Afrika en die geïdentifiseerde
ontwikkelende lande, naamlik, Botswana en Nigerië, asook tussen Suid-Afrika en die
geïdentifiseerde ontwikkelde lande, naamlik, Brittanje en die Verenigde State van
Amerika, gemaak is. Die voorafgaande evaluasies het onder andere aan die lig gebring dat desentralisasie in
die geïdentifiseerde lande in verskeie grade of vorms geïmplementeer was, naamlik,
dekonsentrasie, delegasie, devolusie en privatisering, die laasgenoemde vorm deur
middel van uitkontraktering en/of deur plaaslike owerhede wat 'n ondersteunende of
fasiliterende rol speel met betrekking tot die voorsiening van geriewe en dienste.
Voortspruitend uit die evaluasies, is 'n geïntegreerde benadering gevolg om 'n effektiewe
stelsel van plaaslike regering vir Suid-Afrika te formuleer met verwysing na die vier kriteria
wat vir die studie geïdentifiseer is, met inagneming inter alia van die feit dat Suid-Afrika 'n
gevorderde ontwikkelende land is, wat op sy beurt 'n impak het op die omvang van die
gedesentraliseerde hervorming wat prakties geïmplementeer kan word.
Die makro-organisatoriese gedesentraliseerde hervormingsvoorstelle betreffende die
politiese stelsel in Suid-Afrika behels:
• die skeiding tussen die regsprekende en die uitvoerende magte;
• die toekenning van groter gewaarborgde outonomie aan die provinsiale en plaaslike
regerings; en
• die voorsiening van selfbeskikkingshandveste en notering van munisipaliteite in die
Grondwet van 1996.
Met verwysing na die plaaslike politieke struktuur, word 'n gedesentraliseerde twee-vlak
struktuur vir metropolitaanse gebiede voorgestel, en 'n drie-vlak struktuur vir nie metropolitaanse
gebiede, dit wil sê vir distrikte sowel as die vestiging van landelike rade in
stamgebiede en die aanstelling van kommissarisse in distrikte om
ontwikkelingsbeplanning te fasiliteer en om die aktiwiteite van die provinsiale en plaaslike
regeringsagentskappe te koordineer.
Met verwysing na die derde kriteria wat vir die studie geïdentifiseer is, word verskeie
funksies voorgestel wat op die plaaslike sfeer van regering afgewentel of gedelegeer kan
word, funksies wat deur die verskillende vlakke van plaaslike regering binne die konteks
van desentralisasie uitgevoer kan word, funksies wat deur die plaaslike regering
uitgekontrakteer kan word en met verwysing na funksies waar privaat-publieke
vennootskappe met betrokke liggame en organisasies gestig behoort te word. Ter afsluiting word addisionele bronne van inkomste vir munisipaliteite voorgestel in beide
metropolitaanse en nie-metropolitaanse gebiede, die verhoging van die skaal van
bepaalde heffings en belastings, die oordra van bepaalde belastings tussen die vlakke
van plaaslike regering, die instelling van 'n gemengde stelsel van munisipale finansies en
'n geïntegreerde plan wat vir die bestuur van openbare finansies ontwikkel kan word.
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Meagher, Kate. "Identity economics : informal manufacturing and social networks in south-eastern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401968.
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Maduakor-Ugo, Augustina Chinyelu. "Effect of Education on Stigma of Epilepsy in South Eastern Nigeria." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619197.
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<p> There is a need for epilepsy-based health education programs to enlighten Nigerian communities and reduce the stigma associated with epilepsy. Epilepsy in Nigeria is viewed by some as a contagious and an infectious disease or a condition imposed from the gods, possessed by demons, as the work of witchcraft, or punishment from ancestral spirits, which are all related to a lack of knowledge about epilepsy leading to stigmatization of persons with epilepsy. Guided by the stigma theory, the purpose of this community-based, cross sectional study was to quantitatively examine the effect of an educational program on interpersonal, internalized, and institutional stigma of epilepsy in terms of knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained. Two hundred and fifty participants completed a general domain instrument which had been used in different countries, including South Eastern Nigeria, and revised for greater validity via a pilot study. Chi-square tests were used to examine any significant differences in participants' responses between pre- and post-test surveys regarding knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained of all 3 identified stigma levels. According to study results, the educational program reduced all 3 stigma levels in terms of attitude, knowledge, and treatment gained of epilepsy (p< 0.001). This study contributed to positive social change by providing information to public health workers on how to increase the knowledge and awareness of the South Eastern Nigerian community that epilepsy is not contagious or infectious and there is no need to isolate persons with epilepsy from their societies.</p>
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Maduakor-Ugo, Augustina Chinyelu. "Effect of Education on Stigma of Epilepsy in South Eastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1130.
Full textAbstract:
There is a need for epilepsy-based health education programs to enlighten Nigerian communities and reduce the stigma associated with epilepsy. Epilepsy in Nigeria is viewed by some as a contagious and an infectious disease or a condition imposed from the gods, possessed by demons, as the work of witchcraft, or punishment from ancestral spirits, which are all related to a lack of knowledge about epilepsy leading to stigmatization of persons with epilepsy. Guided by the stigma theory, the purpose of this community-based, cross sectional study was to quantitatively examine the effect of an educational program on interpersonal, internalized, and institutional stigma of epilepsy in terms of knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained. Two hundred and fifty participants completed a general domain instrument which had been used in different countries, including South Eastern Nigeria, and revised for greater validity via a pilot study. Chi-square tests were used to examine any significant differences in participants' responses between pre- and post-test surveys regarding knowledge, attitude, and treatment gained of all 3 identified stigma levels. According to study results, the educational program reduced all 3 stigma levels in terms of attitude, knowledge, and treatment gained of epilepsy (p< 0.001). This study contributed to positive social change by providing information to public health workers on how to increase the knowledge and awareness of the South Eastern Nigerian community that epilepsy is not contagious or infectious and there is no need to isolate persons with epilepsy from their societies.
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Nwachukwu, Simon Chima. "Social capital, empowerment and development needs in South Eastern Nigeria (a case study of cooperatives in Owerri, Nigeria)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10328.
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Their poverty condition and inadequacy of government assistance at all levels (from federal to state to local) in Igbo communities of South-eastern Nigeria propels the locals to explore the self-help pathway in cooperative association as an alternative means for addressing their collective and individual needs. Over the years, the cooperative ideal has become a sustainable model of support for the Igbos of this region particularly in the rural village communities. However, the advancement of this form of livelihood in the area is fraught with many difficulties ranging from members’ distrust of government development policies, ‘nominal’ (defunct and struggling) cooperative formation, poor membership education/illiteracy, group leadership problems, youth urban migration, group patron clientism, urban-rural encroachment and group gender disparity issues.
Social capital is arguably the dominant concept for examining cohesion and cooperative acts among people (Bourdieu, 1997 and Putnam, 2000). ‘Trust and reciprocity’, as principle attributes of social capital that condition most sustained cooperative interactions among members of the groups, is examined in this thesis. This research also assesses the inter-linking (bridging) bond that exists between the cooperative groups, their communities (including dispersed community members elsewhere in Nigeria and abroad) and the government. For example: Why do the ‘nominal’ cooperatives in the study communities lack this attribute? Does ‘trust’ determine the type of attention that community cooperatives receive from their government? What factor(s) facilitate assistance from the government and other community development groups especially the diaspora? Are there avenues to achieve best practice in these relationships for sustained cordiality?
The thesis applies the Igbo cultural understanding of social capital as ugwu in discussing relational bonds within select cooperatives and non-cooperative farmer groups in the study communities using field tools adapted from the World Bank’s Social Capital Implementation Framework (SCIF). Previous studies conducted by some African scholars such as Uchendu (1965), Mbiti (1969), Njaka, (1974), Ekeh, (1975), Iroegbu, (1997), Ohadike, (1994), Korieh (2006), Nwagbara, (2007) were drawn upon in the discussions. The researcher adopted a mixture of qualitative (un-structured interviews) and quantitative methods (questionnaires) in gathering and analysis of data.
The research found that members of active smallholder cooperative societies uphold their mutual integrity (ugwu) and membership ties but contrastingly adopt a prebendalist attitude (similar to the ‘nominal’ cooperatives) in interactions with the government. Cooperative societies’ ‘ugwu’ - social capital - bond did not necessarily antecede bridging social capital particularly at interactions with the government. The research recommends that since ‘ugwu’ is central in Igbo cooperative life; the government could work closely with local institutions to formalize and strengthen this and in the process rebuild bridging trust with the locals. The churches and other traditional community institutions are mediators that could help in this process. It is hoped this study will help encourage best practice in smallholder cooperative functions and rural development practice.
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Duncan, Imogen May. "Contrasting biodiversity values in four states of Eastern Province thornveld." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003759.
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Land use and land transformation are major threats to biodiversity. Only a small percentage of land and thus biodiversity is protected within reserves. The majority of biodiversity lies in the hands of private and communal farmers and in order to protect biodiversity they must perceive it as having some value and have the means and incentive to conserve it. This study examined two things: (i) the relationship between biodiversity and measures of ecosystem health, range condition, primary production and presence of useful plants that would be expected to be of relevant use to land users, (ii) the perceptions of farmers of vegetation states that differ in the abovementioned attributes. Within the Eastern Province Thornveld of the Smaldeel area, four different vegetation states were selected for the study, namely park-like grassland with scattered Acacia karroo (“savanna”), heavily infested Acacia karroo grassland (“acacia”), thicket-grassland mosaic (“thicket”) and heavily utilised thicketgrassland in communal lands (“communal”). The four states are a consequence of different patterns of browsing and fire, in both pre-colonial and recent times. Different ecological attributes were assessed and compared for each state and the relationships between the different attributes determined. Ecosystem health, in terms of stability or resistance to erosion, infiltration/water-holding capacity, and nutrient cycling were compared using Landscape Function Analysis. The agricultural value of the different landscapes was measured using range condition assessment techniques. Plant species richness and other measures of diversity, along with their conservation and usefulness values, were compared between states. Plant productivity and biomass were compared using satellite data. The thicket state was found to be the most functional due to the added habitat complexity provided by the vegetation. It was the most biodiverse, the most useful and contained many, but not all of the important conservation species. The communal state had high biodiversity and was be fairly resilient to heavy usage, not showing the expected signs of land degradation. The savanna state, although thought of as the optimum state for cattle production, was not significantly different from the other states in terms of agricultural potential, but had the lowest values for plant diversity, browse potential, abundance of useful plant species and biomass. The acacia state had the highest and least stable values in terms of biomass production, however it was found to contain species of conservation importance. The preference that four groups of land users, namely men and women from commercial and communal farming areas, expressed for the four vegetation states was assessed using semi-structured interviews in conjunction with A3 colour photographs. The men and women from the communal areas and the men from the commercial areas valued the thicket state highly for its farming potential. The male commercial farmers also valued the savanna state highly as they perceived it as being most productive for cattle farming. Both the thicket state and the savanna state were found aesthetically pleasing by all the user groups, in line with theories of preference for modified savannas and for familiar environments. There appears to be potential for preserving biodiversity on farmland. The farmers in this study, with their very utilitarian perspective, were found to intuitively gauge the health of the landscape and recognise biodiversity as indicating good farming land. The commercial farmers were strongly influenced by economic motives and thus attracted to the savanna state, but also recognised the opportunity for a wider variety of farming activities in the thicket state. The communal farmers have a high dependence on the land for their livelihoods and preferred the thicket state for its overall usefulness. The views of the farmers indicate that the opportunity for conservation is good, however much of the thicket state lies in the communal land, where the openaccess land use system makes managing for biodiversity difficult.
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Barr, Fiona Sally Mae. "A population-based study of menstrual health of adolescent girls in south-eastern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250449.
Full textBooks on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
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(Organization), Socio-Economic Rights Initiative. Reforming the budget laws of South Eastern Nigeria. Socio Economic Rights Initiative (SERI), 2005.
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Anikpo, Mark. State formation in precolonial Africa: Analysis of long-distance trade and surplus accumulation in South-Eastern Nigeria. Pam Unique Publishers, 1991.
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O, Awa Eme, ed. The transformation of rural society: A study of rural development in the eastern states of Nigeria, 1970-76. National Institute for Policy & Strategic Studies, 1992.
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O, Awa Eme, ed. The Transformation of rural society: A study of rural development in the Eastern States of Nigeria, 1970-76. National Institute for Policy & Strategic Studies, 1988.
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B, Inyang Idorenyin, ed. South-Eastern Nigeria: Its environment. Abaam Pub. Co. in association with Nesu Ventures Nigeria, 2000.
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Okoye, T. O. The city in South-Eastern Nigeria. University Publishing Company, 1996.
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Anyafulude, Tom. A handbook on Magistrates' Courts laws and rules in Abia, Ebonyi, and Imo States: Magistrates' Courts law (cap 82) : laws of Eastern Nigeria, 1963 ( as amended). [Snaap Press], 2009.
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Anyafulude, Tom. A handbook on Magistrates' Courts laws and rules in Abia, Ebonyi, and Imo States: Magistrates' Courts law (cap 82) : laws of Eastern Nigeria, 1963 ( as amended). [Snaap Press], 2009.
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Boichenko, Sergii, Olufemi Olaulava Babatunde, Petro Topіl'nic'kii, and Vіktorіya Romanchuk. Physical and chemical properties of Nigerian oils and prospective technological scheme of their proccesing. Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/978-966-919-783-2.
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The current state of the oil refining industry in Nigeria, its problems and prospects are considered.The presented results of studies of the physicochemical properties of Nigerian oils, as well as gasoline,diesel fractions, jet fuel and fuel oil fractions obtained from them are compared with those obtained for oils from the eastern and western regions of Ukraine. Processing methods of fuel oils from Nigerian oils are presented with the aim of bitumen and base oils production. A promising technologicalscheme for the processing of Nigerian oils is proposed.
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Anwana, Asuquo Okon. Ekpe imperium in South Eastern Nigeria, 1600-1900. African Pentecost Communications in collaboration with University of Calabar Press, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
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Newsum, H. E., and Olayiwola Abegunrin. "Nigeria, South Africa and the US Connection: Myth and the Western-Proclaimed ‘Giant of Africa’." In United States Foreign Policy Towards Southern Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07514-0_4.
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Wariboko, Waibinte E. "The Status, Role and Influence of Women in the Eastern Delta States of Nigeria, 1850–1900." In Engendering History. Palgrave Macmillan US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07302-0_19.
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Abaraonye, Felicia Ihuoma. "The Women’s War of 1929 in South-Eastern Nigeria." In Women and Revolution: Global Expressions. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9072-3_7.
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Ekwere, Azubuike Solomon. "Geology, Geomorphology and Evolution of the Landscapes of Cross River Region, South-Eastern Nigeria." In Landscapes and Landforms of Nigeria. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17972-3_15.
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Lein, Sarah, Miguel Leon-Ledesma, and Carolin Nerlich. "The Link between Real and Nominal Convergence: The Case of the New EU Member States." In Real Convergence in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230235434_5.
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Nair, Kannan K. "Internal Politics & External Factors, 1841-58." In Politics and Society in South Eastern Nigeria 1841 – 1906. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003598299-3.
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Nair, Kannan K. "The New Structure of Power, 1885-1906." In Politics and Society in South Eastern Nigeria 1841 – 1906. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003598299-6.
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Nair, Kannan K. "Economic Stress: the 1860s." In Politics and Society in South Eastern Nigeria 1841 – 1906. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003598299-4.
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Nair, Kannan K. "Structural Organization of Calabar Society." In Politics and Society in South Eastern Nigeria 1841 – 1906. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003598299-1.
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Nair, Kannan K. "Conclusion: the Primacy of Internal Factors." In Politics and Society in South Eastern Nigeria 1841 – 1906. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003598299-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
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Ojeka-John, Rachael O., Bernice O. Sanusi, Omowale Adelabu, et al. "Non-Literates Population in Pandemics: An Appraisal of NCDC Strategies for Communicating Covid-19 Safety Protocols in Selected States of South-West Nigeria." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10630253.
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Ayeni, Matthew Durojaiye, Olasunkanmi Bamiro, Opeyemi Gbenga, Matthew Olufemi Adio, and Ayotunde Owolabi. "Households Food Security in Imo State, South-East Nigeria: The Role of Non-farm Income Diversification." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10630321.
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Oyinna, Benneth Chimaobi, and Michael O. Ukoba. "Geographical Information System Based Assessment of Small Hydropower Potential in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Case Study of Abia State." In Africa International Conference on Clean Energy and Energy Storage. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-a0roum.
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Small hydropower technology has gained traction in the Nigerian energy and power ecosystem owing to incentives and reforms aimed at increasing Nigeria’s energy mix for sustainable development. Utilizing these opportunities through harnessing SHP potentials has not made it to the front burner during policy formulations and implementations in South-Eastern Nigeria despite the availability of water bodies and waterlines in the region. This paper focuses on the potentials of small hydropower in Abia state and utilized ArcGIS software to conduct spatial analysis using map data overlayed by shapefiles of water bodies, waterlines, road networks and Land use, Land Cover data (LULC). Multiple ring buffers were created for various proximities around the waterbodies and waterlines and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculations were done to determine suitability areas for small hydropower schemes after reclassification of the data. The analysis revealed suitability areas in Osisioma Ngwa and Obingwa Local Government areas with suitable elevations and hydraulics data for run off the river schemes and siting of hydropower plants within a multiple ring buffer distance between 200m to 5km from the waterlines and roads, having a weighted score between 33-66 with NDVI range of -0.018 –0.015 indicating the presence of water bodies and built-up areas around the water bodies with NDVI range of 0.015 – 0.14 and a weighted score within the range of 11-16 This revelation also encourages the hybridization of renewable energy technology using pumped hydro storage to improve the reliability and affordability of mini-grid solutions in Abia State and Nigeria at large.
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Omion, Osemanre Ossy, Chioma Maduewesi, and Emeke Chukwu. "A Novel Approach to Predicting Combustion Emission Using Ambient Air Quality Parameters in Onshore Eastern Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207139-ms.
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Abstract The paper aims to estimate the tCO2e from flare stack sites in the Eastern zone of Nigeria and review air monitoring done at the flare sites with the objective of establishing a model for gas tCO2e emission and gaseous pollutants. It focuses on the South-Eastern region of Nigeria where oil and gas production are being carried out (Imo and Abia states). It zero-in on the hydrocarbon processing and handling facilities (flowstation) and the gas flared volumes. The study was carried out using representative data from an onshore flowstation in Eastern Nigeria. The data consist of gas flared volumes from year 2013-2017 and ambient gaseous emission from air quality report done on the same location. Univariate regression and correlation using Excel were carried out on yearly average ambient air quality parameters (VOC, NOx, CO, SOx, CH4, SPM, NH3, H2S) to check the statistical significance of each parameter as an independent variable and calculated tCO2e as the dependent variable. Excel Muti-variate linear regression method was then used to generate a predictive model for tCO2e and gaseous emission parameters. It presented a relationship between the emission from flared gas and air quality index.
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Eneh, Obinna A., Deborah U. Ebem, Agatha N. Aballa, and John N. Ngene. "Tracking of Biomedical Equipment using IoT Embedded Technologies: Its attendant impact in Healthcare Delivery in South-Eastern Nigeria." In Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Publication Series. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/abmic2022p21.
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1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy. 2Department of Computer Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 3Department of Computer Science, Enugu State University of Science and Technology. In this work, we highlighted the merits of IoT in tracking of Biomedical Equipment during and post the Covid-19 era. When the healthcare industry is poorly equipped, and the available medical equipment are not put in optimal use, it results in high mortality rate and low life expectancy of the population. In the beginning of this COVID-19 pandemic, lots of hospitals in developing nations were poorly equipped to contain the rise in COVID infected patients. Tracking of some medical equipment for prompt use became a problem as those that were not in regular use were difficult to be located to attend to patients. A visit to many hospitals in south-eastern Nigeria shows that there are a lot of obsolete and non-functional equipment in some healthcare facilities. Some of the equipment developed minor fault, but the institutions lacked experienced technicians with adequate skills to fix them back to working state. One of the ways to reverse this trend of lack of medical equipment in some hospitals is by managing them properly in order to locate and efficiently make the use of the available ones. This can be done by tracking the equipment for adequate repairs or overhauling and efficiently utilizing them for the purpose they are meant for. IoT technologies such as barcodes, Radio Frequency Identifications (RFIDs), Global Positioning System (GPS) Asset tracking and Near Field Communication (NFC) tracking are possible solutions to the existing poor health technology management conditions in our hospitals. This will put a stop to theft of hospital equipment, reduce wastage of time in locating those equipment in the hospital, optimize routine servicing of the equipment, which subsequently means a reduction in expenditure; as well as trigger a signal for decommissioning of the equipment when it has elapse its full life cycle. Tracking of biomedical equipment in our hospitals using IoT embedded technologies will assist to optimize the use of the available ones. This will ensure adequate health technology management operations in our hospitals, and help in the forecast for developmental budgets in the health sectors of the states in the country; which will result in robust policy making and implementation in the health sector. Key words: Hospital Equipment, Tracking, Healthcare Technology Management, Healthcare Service
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa&rsquo;s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Elijah, Paul Tamaragaibi, and Martins Obaseki. "Assistive Technology for Students-with-Disabilities Entrepreneurial Development during the Covid-19 Era in South-South, Nigeria." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4470.
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The study investigated assistive technology for students-with-disabilities entrepreneurial development during the Covid-19 era in South-South, Nigeria. The need for the entrepreneurial development of students-with-disability is essential as a result of the harsh effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Three research questions and three hypotheses were answered and tested in the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the study. Population of the study comprised all the special schools in South-South, Nigeria while purposive as well as random sampling technique was used to draw two public and private special schools as sample for the study and 246 special students were drawn as respondents for the study in two states (Rivers and Delta) in South-South, Nigeria. One public and one private school was selected in each state. Instrument adopted for data collection was a 15-item questionnaire tagged “Assistive Technology Adoption for Entrepreneurial Development of Special Needs Students Questionnaire” (ATAEDSNSQ). The instrument was face and content validated by two experts (one in Measurement and Evaluation and the other in Special Education). Reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha reliability with an index of 0.79. The research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using z-test statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study showed that the schools did not differ significantly in the available emerging assistive technologies, its adoption and the challenges to the adoption of these emerging technologies for students-with-disabilities entrepreneurial development during the COVID-19 era in South-South, Nigeria. It was recommended among other needs that a technology policy should be enacted to guide the operations of these schools.
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Okeke, Solomon, Marianna Kharlamova, Chekwube Didi, Nelson Nwobi, Oluwaseyi Oladipupo, and Franklin Osuagwu. "Efficiency Analysis of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) and their Environmental Influences on Groundwater Resources in Onitsha, Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria." In 9th North American Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. IEOM Society International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/na09.20240234.
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Kelechi, F. M., and O. I. Owoka. "The Future Perspective: Geothermal Energy in Nigeria – An Option to be Explored." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217204-ms.
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Abstract As the transition towards a green energy future intensifies, cleaner energy sources are expected to drive the decline in the demand for fossil fuels. This creates room for renewable energy sources such as geothermal. Geothermal energy is generated from the earth's crust which is transported through cracks and fractures in the host rocks and its natural fluids at temperatures above the ambient level. The rate of heat flow in the crust is estimated to be 59Mw/m2 [1.9*10-2 Btu/h/ft2]. In mature continental cratons, the geothermal gradient can be as low as 10 °C per kilometer. However, in active volcanic areas, it can exceed 100 °C per kilometer. A typical geothermal gradient of 25 °C km− 1 gives a conductive heat flux of 60 mWm− 2 for electricity generation. Considering the Nigerian basement complex, the estimated geothermal gradient of Borno and Sokoto States, both located in the Northern region are 1.1 to 5.9°C/100m with a heat flow of 8.9 to 117.8mW/m-2 and 0.9 to 7.6°C/100m with a geothermal heat flow of 52.11 to 130.28mWm-2 respectively. In addition, in eastern Nigeria, Anambra State, the estimated geothermal gradient is 2.5 to 4.9°C/100m with a heat flow of 64.4 to 97.3 mWm-2. Geothermal energy has the potential to improve Nigeria's current poor energy dynamic. Enhanced Geothermal System would exploit heat energy that is trapped in the subsurface host rock by creating an open system of connected fractures along which water can flow down the injection wells and get heated through contact with the rocks. This is then recovered to the surface in production wells to form a closed loop. The idea is an extrapolation that emulates a hydrothermal circulation system – which produces electricity that can be applied commercially.
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Falebita, Oluwabunmi, and Oluwafemi Famakinde. "Unlocking Insights: Navigating Perceptions of Data Privacy in Digital Credit." In 2nd International Conference on Education & Information Technology. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.141207.
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This qualitative cross-sectional survey delves into the nuanced perceptions surrounding data privacy practices in the realm of digital credit in Nigeria. Through in-depth interviews (IDI) with Digital Credit Users (DCUs) across various economic hubs in Nigeria, we explore their attitudes and concerns regarding the level of sensitivity associated with personal information and their readiness to divulge it to Digital Credit Providers (DCPs). Employing a multi-stage sampling technique, clusters representing Nigeria's six zones were purposively selected, with the South-West zone chosen for its economic significance. In this zone, Lagos, Oyo, and Ogun States were further sampled based on economic activity, with 40 DCUs interviewed per state, totalling 120 DCUs. Local Government Areas (LGAs) within these states were selected based on Central Business District (CBD), urban, rural, and peri-urban criteria. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts using NVIVO 14 software revealed significant findings, suggesting that Bank Verification Numbers (BVN), National Identification Numbers (NIN), and debit card information are considered the most sensitive data for Digital Credit Users (DCUs).They expressed a high level of obligation to disclose information to DCPs and identified perceived risks such as financial loss, data breaches, and unwanted contact. Additionally, DCUs exhibited a strong preference for retaining control over their information, with many expressing a reluctance to proceed with digital credit applications if privacy breaches were anticipated. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between data privacy perceptions, risk assessment, and individual autonomy in the digital credit landscap
Reports on the topic "South-Eastern States of Nigeria"
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Occhiali, Giovanni, Jalia Kangave, and Hamza Ahmed Khan. Taxing High Net Worth Individuals in Nigeria: Preliminary Insights and the Case of Borno State. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.024.
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This paper gives preliminary insights into the challenges surrounding the taxation of high net worth individuals (HNWIs) in Nigeria – first in general terms, and then with a specific focus on Borno State. The need to diversify revenue sources has become increasingly apparent against the backdrop of Nigeria's historical reliance on the export of crude oil, and is the reason why President Tinubu created a committee to harmonise the fiscal system. However, the committee has not yet touched upon the taxation of HNWIs. Drawing from key informant interviews from north-eastern Nigeria, and a two-day workshop with officials from State Boards of Internal Revenue Service from various part of the country, we shed light on the complexities of increasing the compliance of HNWIs. The study highlights a series of legal, administrative, and political obstacles faced by State Boards of Internal Revenue Service, which have developed dedicated compliance strategies. Many of these are similar across states that otherwise share few characteristics. The paper ends with some tentative suggestions for future research.
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Occhiali, Giovanni, Jalia Kangave, and Hamza Ahmed Khan. Taxing High Net Worth Individuals in Nigeria: Preliminary Insights and the Case of Borno State. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.075.
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This paper gives preliminary insights into the challenges surrounding the taxation of high net worth individuals (HNWIs) in Nigeria – first in general terms, and then with a specific focus on Borno State. The need to diversify revenue sources has become increasingly apparent against the backdrop of Nigeria’s historical reliance on the export of crude oil, and is the reason why President Tinubu created a committee to harmonise the fiscal system. However, the committee has not yet touched upon the taxation of HNWIs. Drawing from key informant interviews from north-eastern Nigeria, and a two-day workshop with officials from State Boards of Internal Revenue Service from various part of the country, we shed light on the complexities of increasing the compliance of HNWIs. The study highlights a series of legal, administrative, and political obstacles faced by State Boards of Internal Revenue Service, which have developed dedicated compliance strategies. Many of these are similar across states that otherwise share few characteristics. The paper ends with some tentative suggestions for future research. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 188.
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.
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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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Ogwuike, Clinton Obinna, and Chimere Iheonu. Stakeholder Perspectives on Improving Educational Outcomes in Enugu State. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/034.
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Education remains crucial for socioeconomic development and is linked to improved quality of life. In Nigeria, basic education has remained poor and is characterised by unhealthy attributes, including low quality infrastructure and a lack of effective management of primary and secondary schools. Access to education is a massive issue—according to the United Nations, there are currently about 10.5 million out of school children in Nigeria, and 1 in every 5 of the world’s out-of-school-children lives in Nigeria despite the fact that primary education in Nigeria is free. A considerable divide exists between the northern and southern regions of Nigeria, with the southern region performing better across most education metrics. That said, many children in southern Nigeria also do not go to school. In Nigeria’s South West Zone, 2016 data from the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education reveals that Lagos State has the highest number of out of school children with more than 560,000 children aged 6-11 not going to school. In the South South Zone, Rivers State has the highest number of out-of-school children; more than 900,000 children aged 6-11 are not able to access education in this state. In Enugu State in the South East Zone, there are more than 340,000 children who do not have access to schooling (2016 is the most recent year high-quality data is available—these numbers have likely increased due to the impacts of COVID-19). As part of its political economy research project, the RISE Nigeria team conducted surveys of education stakeholders in Enugu State including teachers, parents, school administrators, youth leaders, religious leaders, and others in December 2020. The team also visited 10 schools in Nkanu West Local Government Area (LGA), Nsukka LGA, and Udi LGA to speak to administrators and teachers, and assess conditions. It then held three RISE Education Summits, in which RISE team members facilitated dialogues between stakeholders and political leaders about improving education policies and outcomes in Enugu. These types of interactions are rare in Nigeria and have the potential to impact the education sector by increasing local demand for quality education and government accountability in providing it. Inputs from the surveys in the LGAs determined the education sector issues included in the agenda for the meeting, which political leaders were able to see in advance. The Summits culminated with the presentation of a social contract, which the team hopes will aid stakeholders in the education sector in monitoring the government’s progress on education priorities. This article draws on stakeholder surveys and conversations, insights from the Education Summits, school visits, and secondary data to provide an overview of educational challenges in Enugu State with a focus on basic education. It then seeks to highlight potential solutions to these problems based on local stakeholders’ insights from the surveys and the outcomes of the Education Summits.
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Odundo Owuor, Victor. Firm Behavior in Fragile States: The Cases of Somaliland, South Sudan, and Eastern Democratic Repbulic of Congo. One Earth Future Foundation, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/oef.2017.013.
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Rukundo, Solomon. Tax Amnesties in Africa: An Analysis of the Voluntary Disclosure Programme in Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.005.
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Tax amnesties have taken centre stage as a compliance tool in recent years. The OECD estimates that since 2009 tax amnesties in 40 jurisdictions have resulted in the collection of an additional €102 billion in tax revenue. A number of African countries have introduced tax amnesties in the last decade, including Nigeria, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania. Despite their global popularity, the efficacy of tax amnesties as a tax compliance tool remains in doubt. The revenue is often below expectations, and it probably could have been raised through effective use of regular enforcement measures. It is also argued that tax amnesties might incentivise non-compliance – taxpayers may engage in non-compliance in the hope of benefiting from an amnesty. This paper examines the administration of tax amnesties in various jurisdictions around the world, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Kenya and South Africa. The paper makes a cost-benefit analysis of these and other tax amnesties – and from this analysis develops a model tax amnesty, whose features maximise the benefits of a tax amnesty while minimising the potential costs. The model tax amnesty: (1) is permanent, (2) is available only to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure, (3) relieves taxpayers of penalties, interest and the risk of prosecution, but treats intentional and unintentional non-compliance differently, (4) has clear reporting requirements for taxpayers, and (5) is communicated clearly to attract non-compliant taxpayers without appearing unfair to the compliant ones. The paper then focuses on the Ugandan tax amnesty introduced in July 2019 – a Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP). As at 7 November 2020, this initiative had raised USh16.8 billion (US$6.2 million) against a projection of USh45 billion (US$16.6 million). The paper examines the legal regime and administration of this VDP, scoring it against the model tax amnesty. It notes that, while the Ugandan VDP partially matches up to the model tax amnesty, because it is permanent, restricted to taxpayers who make voluntary disclosure and relieves penalties and interest only, it still falls short due to a number of limitations. These include: (1) communication of the administration of the VDP through a public notice, instead of a practice note that is binding on the tax authority; (2) uncertainty regarding situations where a VDP application is made while the tax authority has been doing a secret investigation into the taxpayer’s affairs; (3) the absence of differentiated treatment between taxpayers involved in intentional non-compliance, and those whose non-compliance may be unintentional; (4) lack of clarity on how the VDP protects the taxpayer when non-compliance involves the breach of other non-tax statutes, such as those governing financial regulation; (5)absence of clear timelines in the administration of the VDP, which creates uncertainty;(6)failure to cater for voluntary disclosures with minor errors; (7) lack of clarity on VDP applications that result in a refund position for the applicant; and (8) lack of clarity on how often a VDP application can be made. The paper offers recommendations on how the Ugandan VDP can be aligned to match the model tax amnesty, in order to gain the most from this compliance tool.
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Abasse, Tougiani, Moussa Massaoudou, Habou Ribiou, Soumana Idrissa, and Dan Guimbo Iro. Farmer managed natural regeneration in Niger: the state of knowledge. Tropenbos International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/byiz5081.
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Faced with environmental degradation and strong land pressure, farmers in south-central Niger have intensified their agricultural production systems. Since the 1980s, farmers in the regions of Zinder, Maradi and Tahoua have increased the number of trees and shrubs on their fields, creating new agroforestry parklands over about 5 million hectares. This regreening is not based on tree planting, however, but on farmers protecting and managing natural regeneration of woody species on their crop lands. This has been well documented over the years, but until now, there has not been a thorough review of all of the published peer-referenced as well as grey literature. This report presents the first comprehensive state of knowledge of farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) in Niger. Studies show the scale and dynamics of FMNR as well as its multiple impacts. It has increased crop yields (+31 kg/ha to +350 kg/ha), and that supports family food security even in drought years. FMNR has increased the income of all social categories, even the most vulnerable women, men and youth, through the sale of fuelwood and service wood. The pruning of trees in fields has also reduced the distances travelled by women to collect fuelwood. FMNR increased the availability of fodder from trees to farmers and agropastoralists, with households practising FMNR harvesting 30-45 kg of fodder per day. Economists have not calculated all the multiple impacts in monetary terms, but studies on the costs and benefits all indicate that it is economically rational for farmers to invest their labour in FMNR. The costs are modest (no equipment and little labour), and the benefits are substantial, also helping smallholder farmers adapt to climate change, while sequestering millions of tonnes carbon. As a consequence of FMNR, tree cover has been sustained without external incentives (e.g. food or cash-for-work), an outcome that distinguishes this farmer-driven practice from large-scale tree planting projects where farmers’ stewardship ended when the external incentives ended. Agroforestry landscapes are thus being created at scale due to decisions made by hundreds of thousands of individual farmers. It is hoped that information in this report that shows the clear benefits of FMNR in Niger will encourage policy makers in Africa’s drylands to invest in the promotion of FMNR. This foundational practice must form the backbone of landscape wide initiatives if the ambitious targets of the Great Green Wall, AFR100 and similar ambitious restoration initiatives are to be achieved. FMNR is a low cost sustainable land use management practice with a considerable potential for scaling, which can and must be adopted and scaled immediately.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.
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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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Mante, Ofei D. Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0056.1811.
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This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.
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Machinea, José Luis. The Impact of Western Hemisphere Free Trade Agreements on the Foreign Sector and Debt Sustainability. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011460.
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This document is part of a series of papers commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank for the Regional Policy Dialogue. The paper basically discusses the macroeconomic impacts of trade agreements between Latin American countries and the United States, whether they be bilateral or a result of the creation of a Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). Taking into account that the greater impact of a trade agreement in the Western Hemisphere is linked to the participation of the United States, it is especially useful to analyze the experience of agreements which include countries that contrast strongly with regards to their relative development. Included in this category are "North-South" agreements or "North-North" agreements that include countries that are very different in regards to their relative development. NAFTA and the expansion of the European Union to include Eastern countries belong to the first category and the impact of the European Union on countries like Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland belong in the second. This is the latest version available.