Academic literature on the topic 'South Oaks Gambling Screen'

The study compared clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles between immigrants and Spanish native-born pathological gambling patients. A total of 1,601 native-born and 133 immigrant patients attending treatment at a specialized hospital unit were administered a battery of questionnaires during clinical assessment. Outcome measures were compared between both groups and the incremental predictive accuracy of the area of origin was examined using a regression model. Native-born Spaniards showed a mean 2.6 yr. greater duration of the disorder, while immigrants scored higher on South Oaks Gambling Screen, frequency of going to casinos, and total money spent (in a single day and / or to recover losses). General psychopathology and personality scores did not differ between the cohorts. However, immigration from Asia had a statistically significantly incremental validity for pathological gambling in South Oaks Gambling Screen scores. Both cohorts shared more similarities than differences in their gambling profiles.

The goals of this study were to estimate the levels of involvement in gambling and gambling disorders among Polish prisoners and to identify selected psychosocial factors associated with gambling activities. The study was conducted in randomly selected penitentiaries with therapeutic and non-therapeutic programmes. It covered 1219 male prisoners and used a specially designed 75-item questionnaire, including South Oaks Gambling Screen. About 29.4% of prisoners had exhibited pathological gambling symptoms at some point in their lives (based on South Oaks Gambling Screen). Pathological gamblers were characterised by: city residence, not being educated above lower-secondary, being single, having other gamblers and pathological gamblers among their close friends or family and use of psychoactive substances while gambling. Pathological gamblers were motivated by the desire to win, to escape from problems and to experience powerful emotions. The prevalence of gambling disorders in the prison population suggests that there is a need for systemic action to be introduced to prevent the development of pathological gambling in penitentiaries and also within groups at risk of criminal activity.

With recent introduction of poker machines in Australia, there have been claims of increases in the number of women with gambling-related problems. Research in the United States indicates, however, that men have a higher incidence of pathological gambling. The aims of this study were to ascertain among game machine users in a major city in Australia whether (a) more women than men exhibited symptoms of pathological gambling, (b) women reported higher guilt associated with their gambling, and (c) gamblers' self-assessment on several mood states was predictive of pathological gambling. A modified version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen was administered to 104 users of game machines (44 men, 60 women) sampled from patrons at gaming venues in Melbourne, Australia. Data indicated no significant sex difference in the proportion of pathological gamblers or in gambling-related guilt. Self-assessment of Happiness, Propensity for Boredom, and Loneliness, significantly predicted scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen, with Unhappiness a significant independent predictor of pathological gambling. This may suggest that gambling acts to fill a need in the lives of unhappy people or that individuals who lack control over their gambling report higher unhappiness. Further research is needed to discover this relationship.

Estimates of the prevalence of gambling problems among adults by sampling from whole population registries have been made in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The studies in Norway and Sweden are fairly similar, showing a higher prevalence in Sweden according to the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised (SOGS-R), and similar prevalence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) screens. The difference is unexpected because Norway has relatively more gambling machines and Norwegian citizens spend more money on gambling. However, the low response rates in Norway may explain the result. Preliminary results from Iceland (2005) with a DSM-IV screen do not differ from those from Norway and Sweden concerning prevalences of pathological gambling, but differ from Norway concerning problem gamblers. However, different DSM-IV screens were used in the three countries, and response rates differed. With these reservations, the past-year prevalence of pathological gambling in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden is about 0.3%, as estimated from DSM-IV screens. Studies of gambling problems among young people have only been performed in Norway.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to assess the internal consistency and to perform a factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the SOGS - South Oaks Gambling Screen - scale, as well as its ability to discriminate between different profiles of gamblers. METHOD: Two hundred and seventeen subjects were enrolled in the study: 46 gamblers under treatment at the Gamblers Treatment Unit of PROAD - Program for Orientation and Attention of Dependent Persons- of the Federal University of São Paulo; 96 social gamblers and 75 subjects screened as pathological gamblers recruited at the local Jockey Club, video poker and bingo clubs. RESULTS: Differences in the score means of all three groups were statistically significant and were able to discriminate between social gamblers, pathological gamblers interviewed in a gambling site and the clinical sample. The internal consistency of the 20-item scale measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.9304. Factor analysis resulted in a three-dimensional solution accounting for 58,6% of the total variance: a first factor composed mainly by questions related to the consequences of gambling; a second factor encompassing questions related to the gambling behavior of pathological gamblers; and a third and less expressive factor involving only two questions, probably a hybrid one of difficult interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version of the SOGS was a useful screen to discriminate Brazilian pathological gamblers from social gamblers as well as to differentiate clinical pathological from non-clinical pathological gamblers, and to identify different levels of severity.

Most instruments assessing gambling problems are relatively extensive and therefore not suitable for comprehensive youth surveys. An exception is the two-item Lie/Bet questionnaire. This study addresses to what extent two instruments (Lie/Bet and South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA)) (1) overlap in classifying problem gambling and at-risk gambling, (2) reflect different underlying dimensions of problem gambling, and (3) differ in distinguishing between young gamblers with respect to intensity and frequency of gambling in gender-specific analyses. Data stemmed from a school survey among teenagers in Norway (net sample = 20,700). The congruence in classification of problem gamblers was moderate. Both instruments discriminated sensibly between youths with high versus medium and low gambling frequency and gambling expenditures, although more so for boys than for girls. Both Lie/Bet items loaded on one 'loss of control' dimension. The results suggest that the Lie/Bet screen may be useful to assess at-risk gambling for both genders in comprehensive youth surveys.

Jogo patológico vem sendo considerado uma dependência comportamental com muitas semelhanças com dependência química. A escala South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) é o instrumento mais utilizado para rastrear esse transtorno. A SOGS investiga prática de jogos de azar e comportamentos associados a jogo. O indivíduo que responder afirmativamente a pelo menos 5 dentre as 20 questões nucleares é classificado como \"provável jogador patológico\". O presente estudo visou verificar o desempenho da SOGS, comparado aos critérios diagnósticos do DSM IV para jogo patológico. A Amostra Total foi constituída por 54 jogadores patológicos que procuraram tratamento (Grupo Clínico), 71 representantes da população geral recrutados em estação de trem (Grupo Trem) e 116 freqüentadores de casa de bingo (Grupo Bingo). Analisaram-se propriedades psicométricas da SOGS (validade, sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo e taxa de classificação incorreta), estrutura fatorial, consistência interna e correlação entre respostas nas duas escalas. Na Amostra Total foi maior a proporção de mulheres mais velhas, separadas ou viúvas, que não trabalhavam; que voltaram para recuperar dinheiro perdido; tiveram mais discussões sobre dinheiro centradas no jogo; e que jogavam para escapar de problemas ou de aliviar disforia. Mulheres jogaram mais em bingo, enquanto homens diversificaram mais os tipos de jogos. Os jogos mais praticados na vida pela amostra Total foram, em ordem decrescente, bingo, loteria, esportes, cartas e jogos eletrônicos. Bingo, loteria e jogos eletrônicos foram os jogos mais praticados no último ano e no último mês. É discutida a prevalência do bingo e de jogo eletrônico entre jogadores patológicos. Análise estatística mostrou diferença entre os grupos, atestando boa validade de construto: Clínico teve a maior pontuação para jogo patológico, Bingo foi intermediário; e Trem mostrou o menor índice de patologia. A correlação entre a pontuação na SOGS e DSM IV na Amostra Total foi alta (r = 0,854, p < 0,01) e a consistência interna da SOGS avaliada pelo alpha de Cronbach foi 0,75. A análise da estrutura da SOGS resultou em dois fatores, comportamento de jogar e fontes de dinheiro para jogo, responsáveis por 56,7% da variabilidade total. Consideradas as respostas na Amostra Total para jogo na vida, com ponto de corte 5, os índices de validade foram satisfatórios (sensibilidade=100, especificidade=74,7, valor preditivo positivo=60,7, valor preditivo negativo=100 e taxa de classificação incorreta=0,18. Ao aumentar o ponto de corte para 8, o número de falsos positivos diminuiu bastante (95,4, 89,8, 78,5 , 98, 0.09, respectivamente). Chamou atenção a diferença entre SOGS e DSM IV na classificação de jogador patológico, pois a proporção desses jogadores segundo a SOGS, no ponto de corte 5, foi muito superior à do DSM IV no Grupo Trem (8,5% e 2,8%, respectivamente) e principalmente no Grupo Bingo (44% e 12%, respectivamente). Discute-se que essa diferença pode representar um artefato do ponto de corte utilizado e sugere-se que, em pesquisas populacionais, o ponto de corte seja aumentado para 8, ou que sejam utilizados os dados referentes aos últimos 12 meses. Se for utilizado o ponto de corte original (5), os resultados devem ser depois confirmados por meio de entrevista clínica.<br>Pathological gambling is considered a behavioral addiction that shares similarities with drug addiction. The South Oaks Gambling Screen - SOGS is the most employed screening tool for pathological gambling. The SOGS investigates gambling games and behaviors associated to gambling. Answering at least 5 from 20 questions classifies the respondent as a probable pathological gambler. The aim of this study was to verify the performance of the SOGS in comparison to the DSM IV criteria for pathological gambling. The Total Sample comprised 54 gamblers under treatment at the Gamblers Treatment Unit of PROAD/UNIFESP (Clinical Group); 71 participants from the general population assessed in a metropolitan train station of the city of São Paulo (Train Group); and 116 subjects recruited in a bingo house (Bingo Group). Factorial structure, internal consistency and psychometric properties of SOGS (sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and misclassification rate) and correlation among both instruments were verified. In the Total Sample women were older, divorced or widowed, did not work; they had chased, had had more discussions about money and had gambled to escape from problems or to relieve dysforic mood. Women bets were mostly concentrated in bingo whereas men bets were more diversified. The most frequent forms of gambling in lifetime were, in decreasing order: bingo, lotteries, sports, cards and electronic games. In the last year and last month frametime, bingo, lotteries and electronic games were the most frequent games. The prevalence of bingo and electronic games among PG is discussed. Differences in the SOGS scores among three groups were statistically significant, attesting good construct validity. The correlation between SOGS and DSM IV in the Total Sample was high (r = 0,854, p < 0.01) and the internal consistency measured by Cronbach\'s alpha was 0,75. Factor analysis resulted in a two-dimensional solution accounting for 56,7% of the total variance: a first factor composed by questions related to the gambling behavior of pathological gamblers and a second factor encompassing questions related to the sources of gambling money. Considering the Total Sample, validity measures were good: (sensibility = 100, specificity = 74,7, positive predictive value = 60,7, negative predictive value = 100 e misclassification rate =0,18). Elevating the cut score to 8 the number of false negatives is reduced (95,4, 89,8, 78,5 , 98, 0.09, respectively). The difference between the classification of pathological gamblers by SOGS and DSM IV was striking, as the proportion of pathological gamblers evaluated by SOGS, at the cut score 5, was much higher than the proportion evaluated by DSM IV in the Train Group (8,5% e 2,8%, respectively) and in Bingo Group (44% e 12%, respectively). It is argued that this difference may be an artifact of the cut score used. Thus, a suggestion is made that either the cut score should be changed from 5 to 8 or that a 12-month timeframe be employed. If the cut score 5 is maintained, then the result should be confirmed by clinical interview.

Peu d’études s’intéressent aux habitudes de jeu des enfants. En 1996, Ladouceur, Ferland, Jacques, et Boudreault notent que 4,5% des enfant âgés de 9 à 12 ans montrent les caractéristiques du jeu pathologique. Ceci constitue un taux deux fois plus élevé que chez les adultes. Réalisée auprès de 84 élèves du primaire, la présente étude examine la compréhension du questionnaire employé par ces chercheurs, soit le South Oaks Gambling Screen-Adolescent Version (SOGS-RA, Winters, Stinchfîeld, & Fulkerson, 1993). Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que près d’une question sur trois est incomprise. Plus le score au SOGS-RA est élevé, moins la compréhension du questionnaire est bonne. Cependant, la compréhension n’est pas reliée au niveau de scolarité. Des explications favorisent une diminution des scores lors d’une seconde passation. La discussion souligne les implications pratiques et théoriques de ces résultats et offre des suggestions pour l’élaboration d’un nouvel instrument de mesure.

Problem gambling currently affects between 5-7% of youth ages 12-18 (Hardooon & Derevensky, 2002); however, rates of problem gambling among youth who are involved with the Juvenile Justice System are more than twice that of school sample rates (Lieberman & Cuadrado, 2002). Furthermore, disordered gambling often co-occurs with substance use and criminal activity (Huang & Boyer, 2007), issues that are compounded in the Juvenile Justice population. The current study assessed gambling behaviors and risk factors of 145 youth involved in juvenile, juvenile drug, and family courts. Results indicated that nearly 13% of these youth are currently problem gamblers, and that males and African-Americans had higher problem gambling rates than female and Caucasian youth. Furthermore, gambling-related crime, substance use, scope of gambling activities, and time in detention facilities were all predictive of problem gambling severity, while suicidal ideation, urban environment, and lottery sales per capita were not. Finally, having a parent with a gambling problem also emerged as a risk factor;however, the risk was greater for males than for females. These results present a distinct need for youth to be screened for gambling problems upon entering and exiting the Juvenile Justice System, and for prevention and intervention services to be offered within juvenile and family court settings. Furthermore, communities need to take an active role in preventing youth gambling problems through increasing public awareness and insuring that appropriate and accurate messages reflecting gambling opportunities and outcomes are presented.

Selon la théorie de Jacobs (1988), l’expérience de dissociation est spécifique aux gens présentant une dépendance. D’autres auteurs, dont Bernstein et Putnam (1986), prétendent que la dissociation peut survenir dans la population normale. Le but de la individu pratique une activité qui le passionne. Pour ce faire, la dissociation est mesurée chez les trois groupes de personnes s’adonnant aux jeux de hasard et d’argent (N = 22), au cyclisme (N = 21) et à l’escalade (N = 20). Les participants reçoivent des questionnaires par la poste avec une enveloppe pré-affranchie. Par la suite, ils retournent cette enveloppe au chercheur. La Dissociative Expériences Scale (Bemstein & Putnam, 1986), adaptée pour la présente étude, a été utilisée pour mesurer la dissociation. Les résultats révèlent que les trois groupes ont rapporté de la dissociation. Le groupe de joueurs a obtenu des scores moyens de dissociation inférieurs à ceux des sportifs. Le concept du « flow » de Csikszentmihalyi (1975) permet certaines interprétations des résultats inattendus. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’il est possible de faire l’expérience de la dissociation lors de la pratique d’une activité qui nous passionne, et que cet état n’est pas spécifique aux gens qui éprouvent des problèmes de dépendances.