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1
Archer, MJ, and L. O'Brien. "A comparative study of the quality status of Condor Wheat grown in Northern Victoria and Southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (1987): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870465.
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Australian Wheat Board quality advisers had formed the opinion that Condor wheat (Trificum aestivum L.) grown in north-west Victoria possessed weaker dough properties than that grown in southern New South Wales, even at similar grain protein contents. Samples of commercially grown Condor wheat from north-west Victoria and southern New South Wales were collected by Australian Wheat Board field officers to objectively investigate this observation. Testing of these samples indicated Condor grown in north-west Victoria to have significantly weaker dough properties than that grown in southern New South Wales. Doughs were less tolerant to mixing in the farinograph and had reduced extensograph maximum resistance, even when there was no difference in protein content between the samples from the two regions. The reduced dough strength in the Victorian samples was associated with lower nitrogen: sulfur ratios and residue protein content and fewer rheologically important disuifide groups per 50 g of flour. These differences were presumed to have resulted from some aspect of the environment during plant growth and development.
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Sherwood, John E., Jim M. Bowler, Stephen P. Carey, John Hellstrom, Ian J. McNiven, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John R. Prescott, et al. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: chronology." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18005.
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An unusual shell deposit at Moyjil (Point Ritchie), Warrnambool, in western Victoria, has previously been dated at 67±10 ka and has features suggesting a human origin. If human, the site would be one of Australia’s oldest, justifying a redetermination of age using amino acid racemisation (AAR) dating of Lunella undulata (syn. Turbo undulatus) opercula (the dominant shellfish present) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of the host calcarenite. AAR dating of the shell bed and four Last Interglacial (LIG) beach deposits at Moyjil and Goose Lagoon, 30 km to the west, confirmed a LIG age. OSL analysis of the host sand revealed a complex mixing history, with a significant fraction (47%) of grains giving an early LIG age (120–125 ka) using a three-component mixing model. Shell deposition following the LIG sea-level maximum at 120–125 ka is consistent with stratigraphic evidence. A sand layer immediately below the shell deposit gave an age of ~240 ka (i.e. MIS 7) and appears to have been a source of older sand incorporated into the shell deposit. Younger ages (~60–80 ka) are due to bioturbation before calcrete finally sealed the deposit. Uranium/thorium methods were not applicable to L. undulata opercula or an otolith of the fish Argyrosomus hololepidotus because they failed to act as closed systems. A U–Th age of 103 ka for a calcrete sheet within the 240 ka sand indicates a later period of carbonate deposition. Calcium carbonate dripstone from a LIG wave-cut notch gave a U–Th age of 11–14 ka suggesting sediment cover created a cave-like environment at the notch at this time. The three dating techniques have collectively built a chronology spanning the periods before and after deposition of the shell bed, which occurred just after the LIG sea-level maximum (120–125 ka).
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Raeside, MC, MA Friend, R. Behrendt, AR Lawson, and SG Clark. "Tall fescue establishment and management in south west Victoria." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 1 (February 2, 2012): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2011.643903.
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Rogers, Margaret, Michelle Kim, Leigh Matheson, Sue Riches, Cheng-Hon Yap, Graham Pitson, and Philip Campbell. "Improvement in early survival of cancer in South West Victoria." Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing 20, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/ajcn.20.2.14-19.
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Rogers, Margaret, Brooke Garrard, Rebecca Kress, Michelle Kim, Heather Cameron, Leigh Matheson, Sue Riches, Graham Pitson, and Cheng-Hon Yap. "Optimal care pathways for lung cancer in South West Victoria." Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing 20, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/ajcn.20.2.4-7.
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Hollaway, G. J., V. A. Vanstone, J. Nobbs, J. G. Smith, and J. S. Brown. "Pathogenic nematodes of cereal crops in south-west Victoria, Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 37, no. 5 (2008): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap08048.
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O’Toole, Kevin, and Anna Macgarvey. "Rural women and local economic development in south-west Victoria." Journal of Rural Studies 19, no. 2 (April 2003): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(02)00072-4.
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McNabb, John, and Peter Beaumont. "Excavations in the Acheulean Levels at the Earlier Stone Age Site of Canteen Koppie, Northern Province, South Africa." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027109.
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The fluvial gravels of the river Vaal in South Africa have long been known as a source for Earlier Stone Age (ESA) artefacts. Most were discovered through the open cast mining for diamonds that has left very littlein situfluvial sediment remaining today. The site of Canteen Koppie is an internationally famous location with a reputation for prolific Acheulean artefacts, especially handaxes and the enigmatic prepared core and Levallois-like technology known as Victoria West. Our understanding of this site, and most other Vaal locations, is almost solely based on highly selected artefact collections. Here, we report on the first controlled excavations ever to be conducted at Canteen Koppie. The deposits are likely to date to the Early and Middle Pleistocene, and our excavations sample the full depth of the stratigraphic sequence. The lower units, first identified in these excavations, add a considerable time depth to the Acheulean occupation of the site, making this the longest chrono-stratigraphic sequence in South Africa to our knowledge. Given the current international interest in the origins of Levallois/prepared core technology (PCT), its occurrence in Unit 2b Upper, and its presence alongside Victoria West technology in Unit 2a has significant implications for debates on the role of Victoria West in the origins of PCT. From the Canteen Koppie evidence, Levallois and Victoria West are clearly rooted in the Acheulean.
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Hughes, Lesley, and Will Steffen. "Climate change in Victoria: trends, predictions and impacts." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 125, no. 1 (2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs13003.
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Australia’s climate is changing, consistent with global trends. Continental average temperatures have increased nearly 1°C since the early 20th century, with warming accelerating since the 1950s. The number of extreme hot days is increasing, whereas the number of cold days and frosts is decreasing. With an average temperature over 1.0°C above the long-term mean, 2005 was Australia’s warmest year on record; 2009 was the second warmest year on record. The decade 2000–2009 was Australia’s warmest. Rainfall has been decreasing in the south-west and south-east of Australia, but increasing in the north-west. The ocean is warming and sea levels are rising, consistent with global averages. Consistent with global and national trends, Victoria’s climate is already changing and will continue to do so, posing significant risks to the State. Over the past few decades Victoria has become hotter and drier, and these trends are likely to continue, together with an increasing intensity and/or frequency of extreme events, such as heatwaves, droughts, bushfires and floods, posing significant risks to the State’s infrastructure, coasts, ecosystems, agriculture and health.
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Nabirye, Minah, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, and Jo Verhoeven. "Lusoga (Lutenga)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 46, no. 2 (January 20, 2016): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000249.
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Lusoga is an interlacustrine Bantu language spoken in the eastern part of Uganda in the region of Busoga, which is surrounded by the Victoria Nile in the west, Lake Kyoga in the north, the River Mpologoma in the east and Lake Victoria in the south. According to the 2002 census, this language is spoken by slightly over two million people (UBOS 2006: 12).
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O'Toole, Kevin, Pat Nesbitt, and Anna Macgarvey. "AMALGAMATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN SOUTH-WEST VICTORIA: REINVENTION OR SURVIVAL?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2002.tb00009.x.
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Stagnitti, Karen, Adrian Schoo, Catherine Reid, and James Dunbar. "Retention of allied health professionals in the south-west of Victoria." Australian Journal of Rural Health 13, no. 6 (December 2005): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2005.00732.x.
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O'Toole, Kevin, Pat Nesbitt, and Anna Macgarvey. "AMALGAMATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN SOUTH-WEST VICTORIA: REINVENTION OR SURVIVAL?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, no. 1 (February 2002): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2002.00419.x.
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Carey, Stephen P., John E. Sherwood, Megan Kay, Ian J. McNiven, and James M. Bowler. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: stratigraphic and geomorphic context." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18004.
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Shelly deposits at Moyjil (Point Ritchie, Warrnambool), Victoria, together with ages determined from a variety of techniques, have long excited interest in the possibility of a preserved early human influence in far south-eastern Australia. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the stratigraphy of the host Bridgewater Formation (Pleistocene) at Moyjil and provides the context to the shelly deposits, evidence of fire and geochronological sampling. We have identified five superposed calcarenite–palaeosol units in the Bridgewater Formation, together with two prominent erosional surfaces that may have hosted intensive human activity. Part of the sequence is overlain by the Tower Hill Tuff, previously dated as 35 ka. Coastal marine erosion during the Last Interglacial highstand created a horizontal surface on which deposits of stones and shells subsequently accumulated. Parts of the erosional surface and some of the stones are blackened, perhaps by fire. The main shell deposit was formed by probable mass flow, and additional shelly remains are dispersed in the calcareous sand that buried the surface.
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Muir, S. K., A. J. Kennedy, G. Kearney, P. Hutton, A. N. Thompson, P. Vercoe, and J. Hill. "Offering subterranean clover can reduce methane emissions compared with perennial ryegrass pastures during late spring and summer in sheep." Animal Production Science 60, no. 11 (2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18624.
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Sheep production systems in south-west Victoria are based predominantly on perennial ryegrass pastures, resulting in highly seasonal growth and declining feed quantity and nutritive value in late spring and summer. These changes result in reduced animal performance and increased CH4 emissions per kg DM intake. A potential alternative to the feedbase used in south-west Victoria that provides high quality and quantity of feed in late spring and early summer are legume-based pastures, such as clovers and lucerne. This experiment examined the impact of legume-based pastures on the growth rates and CH4 emissions of Maternal Composite ewes during late spring and early summer. In 2014, 240 Maternal Composite ewes grazed either perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) or arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.) pastures for 6 weeks during late spring and early summer (November and December). Sheep grazing subterranean clover were heavier at the end of the experiment than sheep grazing perennial ryegrass. Methane measurements using portable accumulation chambers indicated lower daily CH4 emissions (g/day) from sheep grazing subterranean clover (23.5 g/day) than from sheep grazing lucerne (27.3 g/day) and perennial ryegrass (32.3 g/day) pastures. Methane emissions and liveweight changes appeared to be associated with the nutritive characteristics of the forage offered. Legume-based pastures provide sheep producers in south-west Victoria an option to increase growth rates and decrease CH4 emissions during a period when perennial ryegrass pastures are declining in nutritive value.
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Rhind, S. G., J. S. Bradley, and N. K. Cooper. "Morphometric variation and taxonomic status of brush-tailed phascogales, Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 4 (2001): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01002.
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This study details morphometric variation among the marsupial brush-tailed phascogale, Phascogale tapoatafa. The validity of phascogales from south-western and south-eastern Australia being classified as the single subspecies P. t. tapoatafa was questioned because of the substantial isolation of the south-west population; the northern Australian subspecies P. t. pirata was included in the inquiry. Discriminant function analysis performed on 18 skull characteristics (n = 50 skulls) produced separation between P. t. pirata, south-western P. t. tapoatafa, and south-eastern P. t. tapoatafa. Separation was also achieved between female phascogales from Victoria and those from New South Wales and southern Queensland, but not between the males of these two populations. Univariate tests identified significant size differences between the groups. Field data gathered on wild P. t. tapoatafa illustrate large size differences between phascogales of Victoria and south-western Australia. Phascogales from south-western Australia also exhibit a polymorphism in teat number (6, 7 or 8 teats; n = 72) that is not observed in other phascogales. This isolated population may represent a distinct taxon.
17
McSweeney, S. L. "Temporal and spatial variability of the open coast wave climate of Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18489.
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The open coast of Victoria, Australia, is one of the highest wave energy coastlines globally. Despite this, a lack of permanently deployed wave buoys has limited prior analysis of wave conditions. In this study, the wave climate of Victoria was analysed using 31 years of directional data hindcast from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s WaveWatch-III model (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis hindcasts). An eastward decrease in wave height and period occurs from Portland to Wilson’s Promontory. This trend then reverses on the east coast. Across the west and central coasts, wave direction is dominated by south-west swells as influenced by strong westerly winds and mid-latitude low-pressure systems. On the east coast, wave direction becomes more variable, with added southerly, south-east and easterly components. The Southern Annular Mode influences wave climate variability on the west coast and is negatively correlated with storm frequency and wave direction. On the east coast, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation showed a strong positive correlation with wave height and a negative correlation with direction. This work provides a benchmark to compare to future changes. It will inform a higher-resolution analysis of the spatial correlation of wave conditions with climate processes to predict shoreline response.
18
Rees, Michael, David J. Paull, and Susan M. Carthew. "Factors influencing the distribution of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis australis) in Victoria, Australia." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06027.
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In this study we examine broad-scale factors affecting the distribution of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis australis) in the southern Australian state of Victoria. Using the bioclimatic analysis and prediction system, BIOCLIM, and vegetation-suitability mapping, we assessed the potential distribution of the species at the time of European settlement and compared it to the current distribution. BIOCLIM revealed that P. a. australis is most likely to occur in areas with mean annual rainfall >600 mm and mean annual temperature between 6°C and 14.5°C. Much of its current distribution is skewed to the eastern half of the State, and our results emphasise a disjunction between western and eastern Victorian populations that is attributed to unsuitable climate and vegetation for the species. This indicates that P. australis in the west was most likely separated from eastern Victorian P. australis long before European settlement. Our results also indicate that isolated P. australis populations in south-western Victoria represent fragments of what was probably a much more widely distributed population when European settlement took place. Owing to the highly restricted distribution of suitable remnant native vegetation, these westernmost P. australis populations should be a high priority for future research and conservation work.
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Li, Hao, Kathleen Kuman, Matt G. Lotter, George M. Leader, and Ryan J. Gibbon. "The Victoria West: earliest prepared core technology in the Acheulean at Canteen Kopje and implications for the cognitive evolution of early hominids." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 6 (June 2017): 170288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170288.
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Prepared core technology illustrates in-depth planning and the presence of a mental template during the core reduction process. This technology is, therefore, a significant indicator in studying the evolution of abstract thought and the cognitive abilities of hominids. Here, we report on Victoria West cores excavated from the Canteen Kopje site in central South Africa, with a preliminary age estimate of approximately 1 Ma (million years ago) for these cores. Technological analysis shows that the Victoria West cores bear similarities to the ‘Volumetric Concept’ as defined for the Levallois, a popular and widely distributed prepared core technology from at least 200 ka (thousand years ago). Although these similarities are present, several notable differences also occur that make the Victoria West a unique and distinctive prepared core technology; these are: elongated and convergent core shapes, consistent blow directions for flake removal, a predominance of large side-struck flakes, and the use of these flakes to make Acheulean large cutting tools. This innovative core reduction strategy at Canteen Kopje extends the roots of prepared core technology to the latter part of the Early Acheulean and clearly demonstrates an increase in the cognitive abilities and complexities of hominids in this time period.
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Seebeck, John, and Peter Menkhorst. "Status and conservation of the rodents of Victoria." Wildlife Research 27, no. 4 (2000): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97055.
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Nineteen species of rodents, in two families, have been recorded from Victoria in the modern era. Eighteen are of the family Muridae, represented by 15 native and 3 introduced species. The other species, now extinct in Victoria, was the introduced Sciurus carolinensis. Six of the native species are extinct, one is classified Critically Endangered, one Endangered and four Lower Risk – near threatened. Four of the extinct species were restricted to the semi-arid far north-west; these were Leporillus apicalis, L. conditor, Pseudomys bolami and P. desertor. The two other extinct species, Conilurus albipes and Pseudomys australis, inhabited open forest/woodland, and grassy ecosystems. Extant species include Rattus fuscipes and R. lutreolus, both in the sub-family Murinae; both are widespread and common, particularly in southern Victoria. The remaining seven species are in the sub-family Hydromyinae. Hydromys chrysogaster is widespread in waterbodies throughout the state. Notomys mitchellii and Pseudomys apodemoides occur in dry habitats in the north-west of Victoria; they are uncommon, but most of their habitat is reserved. Mastacomys fuscus, found in higher-rainfall areas of southern and eastern Victoria, from coastal dunes to alpine snowfields, is uncommon. The distribution of Pseudomys fumeus is disjunct, in four widely separated areas. It is classified as Endangered. P. shortridgei is restricted to the Grampians and south-western Victoria, where it may be locally common. The most geographically restricted rodent species in Victoria, Pseudomys novaehollandiae, is Critically Endangered and is the subject of special conservation measures. The most critical threats to rodent populations in Victoria are considered to be (1) the lack of active habitat management for those species that require early seral stages in vegetation, (2) predation by introduced carnivores, and (3) the fragmentation of species into small genetically isolated populations.
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Crowther, M. S. "Morphological variation within Antechinus agilis and Antechinus stuartii (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (2002): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01030.
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A study of morphological variation within and between Antechinus stuartii and A. agilis was undertaken to assess whether previously described diagnostic features of these taxa apply across their ranges. This also allowed resolution of the identity of Antechinus populations from southern New South Wales and Victoria, and identification of areas of sympatry between these two taxa. Morphological variation within both of these taxa was also quantified. Both species are extremely variable in size, and the characters used to diagnose the taxa do not appear to be consistent across the species' ranges. It was confirmed that all populations studied within Victoria are A. agilis. In addition to Kioloa on the south coast of New South Wales, another area of sympatry was identified in the Newnes Plateau, west of Sydney. There is some latitudinal and altitudinal variation in morphology and nipple number, which may be related to the seasonal availability of resources between different geographical areas.
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VOLYNKIN, ANTON V., and KAREL ČERNÝ. "A review of the Barsine inflexa Moore, 1878 and the B. flavodiscalis (Talbot, 1926) species-groups, with descriptions of six new species from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)." Zootaxa 4668, no. 4 (September 12, 2019): 543–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.4.7.
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The Barsine inflexa and the B. flavodiscalis species-groups are reviewed. Six new species are described: B. victoria Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North West Myanmar and North East India), B. kanchenjunga Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North East India), B. dejeani Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (South West China: Sichuan), B. thagyamin Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Myanmar), B. hreblayi Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Thailand) and B. siberuta Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Siberut Island). Adults, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.
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Kelsall, Yasmin, Mayumi Allinson, Graeme Allinson, Nick Turoczy, Frank Stagnitti, Masataka Nishikawa, and Masatoshi Morita. "Leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic in a soil of south west Victoria, Australia." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 70, no. 3-4 (June 1999): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358763.
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Sherwood, John E. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: prologue — of people, birds, shell and fire." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18003.
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Moyjil (also known as Point Ritchie) is the site of an unusual shell deposit in south-west Victoria showing many characteristics of a midden. Earlier research established an age of 60 ka or older for the shell deposit but could not establish whether humans or animals such as seabirds were responsible for its formation. This paper, the first of six in this special issue, summarises the most recent phase (~10 years) of investigations. The site’s age is now fixed as Last Interglacial and following the stage MIS 5e sea-level maximum (i.e. younger than 120–125 ka). Fragmentation and the limited size distribution of the dominant marine shellfish (Lunella undulata syn. Turbo undulatus) confirm the site as a midden. There is also evidence for fire (charcoal and discoloured and fractured stones) and two hearth-like features, one of which has been archaeologically excavated. None of the evidence collected is able to conclusively demonstrate a human versus animal origin for the site. Significantly, a human origin remains to be disproved. These papers provide the basis for a new phase of research into the possible cultural status of the Moyjil site.
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Sherwood, John E., Ian J. McNiven, and Laurie Laurenson. "The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: shells as evidence of the deposit’s origin." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 130, no. 2 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs18006.
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Characteristics of marine shellfish and other species found in a Last Interglacial (LIG) shell deposit at Point Ritchie (Moyjil) at Warrnambool in south-western Victoria have been compared to those from modern and LIG natural beach deposits, Holocene Aboriginal middens and modern Pacific Gull (Larus pacificus) middens. The research was aimed at determining whether properties such as shell speciation, size or taphonomy could identify the mechanism responsible for formation of the Moyjil deposit. Marine species found in the Moyjil deposit resemble those found in both Aboriginal and Pacific Gull middens and are non-discriminatory for the two types. Taphonomic properties such as wear and breakage pattern of opercula of the dominant species, Lunella undulata (syn. Turbo undulatus), are non-diagnostic because of post-depositional erosion and transport effects in the available specimens. The size of L. undulata opercula show clear bias toward larger individuals, in common with Aboriginal and seabird middens, when compared to natural shell deposits. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) of the size distributions shows a greater similarity of the Moyjil deposit to the two seabird middens than the two Aboriginal middens. Small individuals (operculum L. undulata as well as smaller shellfish species are absent from the seabird middens studied, but they are present in Aboriginal middens and in the Moyjil deposit. Overall, we conclude that shell properties alone are not sufficient to distinguish which predator collected the shellfish occurring in the deposit.
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Shadle, Brett L. "Patronage, Millennialism and the Serpent God Mumbo in South-West Kenya, 1912–34." Africa 72, no. 1 (February 2002): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2002.72.1.29.
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AbstractThis article traces the history of Mumboism, a millennial cult of south-west Kenya, 1912–34. Mumbo, the serpent god of Lake Victoria, promised to eject whites and chiefs from the region and usher in a period of prosperity. Mumboism gained followers, it is argued, because it mixed older ideas of patron–client relations with newer ideas of omnipotent, unseen beings, introduced by Europeans as Government and God. Mumbo challenged chiefs and missionaries, struggling to create patronage networks, by attracting clients, and threatened to unmask Government and God as impotent. Chiefs and, to a lesser extent, missionaries directed state power to the repression of Mumbo, eliminating it before it could undermine the very basis of European power.
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W. Sage, Leigh. "Conservation status of Lechenaultia aphylla (Goodeniaceae), a disturbance opportunist from the Great Victoria Desert, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (2003): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030152.
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LIKE all genera in the Goodeniaceae, the south-west of Western Australia is the centre of diversity for Lechenaultia R.Br. with 20 of 26 species in the genus endemic to the region (Keighery and Sage 1999; Morrison 1992). Many species of Lechenaultia (and Goodeniaceae) have habitat preferences for ephemerally wet sites (watercourses and lake edges), especially in the Eremaean Botanical Province (unpubl. data). Species such as L. striata (nomenclature follows Western Australian Herbarium 1998 and Orchard and Wilson 2001) and L. galactites are disturbance opportunists, showing prolific population growth after fire events (S. van Leeuwen, pers. comm.; unpubl. data). Of the remaining species scattered across central and eastern Australia, L. aphylla is the least known with only two non-flowering collections from the extreme eastern Great Victoria Desert bioregion of South Australia (including the holotype). A recent collection of the species made over 1 100 km to the west highlights the lack knowledge of the species and bioregion in general.
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Taylor, David, and David Moore. "Victoria's Proterozoic basement controls the distribution of its southern margin petroleum basins." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08054.
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There are three petroleum basins of differing character off the Victorian coast: the Otway, Bass and Gippsland basins. These formed during continental rifting between Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand, associated with the break up of Gondwana Marked variation in the development of these basins appears to have been largely controlled by the distribution of Proterozoic basement—the Selwyn Block—under central Victoria. Lying deep under central Victoria, this block surfaces towards the coast and continues southward as the Proterozoic crust of western Tasmania. The boundaries of this block are coincident with the boundaries separating the three basins. The Otway Basin in western Victoria represents a clean break between Australia and Antarctica. The Otway Basin has thick fill upon thinned continental crust with an outboard break to a continent-ocean boundary. The overall geometry here is a classic lower plate margin. This clean continental break-up failed to propagate eastward across the Proterozoic Selwyn Block. Instead, localised continental stretching resulted in some grabens and the overlying steers head sag of the Bass Basin. True continental separation was transferred southward to the margin of the Tasmania/Selwyn Block. The Gippsland Basin lies east of the Selwyn Block. Its development reflects initial southern margin rifting, but this was overtaken by orthogonal-oriented Tasman rifting. This left the Gippsland Basin with a complex interplay of north-south and east-west structures controlling the platforms, terraces and deeps.
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Hopper, Stephen D., and Andrew P. Brown. "Australia's wasp-pollinated flying duck orchids revised (Paracaleana: Orchidaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 19, no. 3 (2006): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb05020.
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We uphold the generic rank of Paracaleana on the basis of its divergent pollination syndrome (sexual deception of male thynnid wasps compared with pollination of Caleana by male sawflies), recent DNA sequence data demonstrating monophyly, and nomenclatural stability. Ten of the 13 species recognised herein are new, all endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region: Paracaleana alcockii, P. brockmanii, P. dixonii, P. gracilicordata, P. granitica, P. hortiorum, P. lyonsii, P. parvula, P. terminalis and P. triens. Although some of these taxa have subtle morphological differences, primarily of labellum morphology, evidence from other Australian orchid genera whose flowers sexually deceive wasp pollinators indicates that reproductive isolation is probable among close sister taxa in Paracaleana. Moreover, phenological, ecological and geographical differences help separate morphologically close sister taxa. P. disjuncta D.L. Jones is considered to extend from Victoria and South Australia west into the South-west Australian Floristic Region, where James Drummond first collected the species, probably in 1838. Additional research is needed on pollinators, molecular phylogeny, possibly undescribed taxa within P. nigrita and on the few putative hybrids identified in the genus.
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Adams, Jessie, Susan Brumby, Kate Kloot, Tim Baker, and Mohammadreza Mohebbi. "High-Heat Days and Presentations to Emergency Departments in Regional Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042131.
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Heat kills more Australians than any other natural disaster. Previous Australian research has identified increases in Emergency Department presentations in capital cities; however, little research has examined the effects of heat in rural/regional locations. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine if Emergency Department (ED) presentations across the south-west region of Victoria, Australia, increased on high-heat days (1 February 2017 to 31 January 2020) using the Rural Acute Hospital Data Register (RAHDaR). The study also explored differences in presentations between farming towns and non-farming towns. High-heat days were defined as days over the 95th temperature percentile. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) codes associated with heat-related illness were identified from previous studies. As the region has a large agricultural sector, a framework was developed to identify towns estimated to have 70% or more of the population involved in farming. Overall, there were 61,631 presentations from individuals residing in the nine Local Government Areas. Of these presentations, 3064 (5.0%) were on days of high-heat, and 58,567 (95.0%) were of days of non-high-heat. Unlike previous metropolitan studies, ED presentations in rural south-west Victoria decrease on high-heat days. This decrease was more prominent in the farming cohort; a potential explanation for this may be behavioural adaption.
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Culvenor, Richard, Suzanne Boschma, and Kevin Reed. "Recurrent selection for grazing tolerance in winter-active populations of the perennial grass, Phalaris aquatica L." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3041.
Full textAbstract:
Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a perennial grass of Mediterranean origin used widely by the sheep and cattle industries of south-eastern Australia. Winter-active cultivars released since the 1970's have the potential for higher herbage productivity than the earlier, semi-winter dormant cultivars but have been reported to be less persistent under sub-optimal grazing management and soil conditions. To improve genetic potential for persistence in winter-active phalaris, a program of recurrent selection was conducted by subjecting three populations of half-sib families to two cycles of selection for persistence under heavy, largely continuous grazing pressure. Cycle 2 progeny families and bulked seedlots of each generation were grown in separate grazed plot trials in Western Victoria and the Southern Tablelands and North-West Slopes of New South Wales from 1999-2003 to assess response to selection. Positive linear response to selection was observed in all populations at the Western Victorian and Southern Tablelands sites. Response to selection was absent and persistence was very low under higher temperature and drought stress on the North-West Slopes. This high level of genotype × environment interaction for persistence was also observed among final generation families. Families with better persistence than current winteractive cultivars at the two southern sites were identified in each population and a new cultivar is being formed from the parents.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the Australian humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, and comparative morphology of the Meropathina (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1346, no. 1 (October 30, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1346.1.1.
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The Australian endemic humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, 1979, is revised, based on the study of 7,280 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for T. cornuta (Janssens), T. costata (Deane), T. deanei Perkins, T. macrognatha (Lea), T. novicia (Blackburn), T. obcordata (Deane), T. schizolabra (Deane), and T. subcostata (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, and Ochthebius macrognathus Lea, 1926. Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius novicius Blackburn, 1896. Three new subgenera are described: Hygrotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae new species; Topotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Topotympanogaster) crista new species; and Plesiotympanogaster new genus (type species Tympanogaster (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae new species. Seventy-six new species are described, and keys to the subgenera, species groups, and species are given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative spermathecae and representative mouthparts are illustrated. Scanning electron micrographs of external morphological characters of adults and larvae are presented. Selected morphological features of the other members of the subtribe Meropathina, Meropathus Enderlein and Tympallopatrum Perkins, are illustrated and compared with those of Tympanogaster. Species of Tympanogaster are typically found in the relict rainforest patches in eastern Australia. Most species have very limited distributions, and relict rainforest patches often have more than one endemic species. The only species currently known from the arid center of Australia, T. novicia, has the widest distribution pattern, ranging into eastern rainforest patches. There is a fairly close correspondence between subgenera and microhabitat preferences. Members of Tympanogaster (s. str.) live in the splash zone, usually on stream boulders, or on bedrock stream margins. The majority of T. (Hygrotympanogaster) species live in the hygropetric zone at the margins of waterfalls, or on steep rockfaces where water is continually trickling; a few rare species have been collected from moss in Nothofagus rainforests. Species of T. (Plesiotympanogaster) have been found in both hygropetric microhabitats and in streamside moss. The exact microhabitats of T. (Topotympanogaster) are unknown, but the morphology of most species suggests non-aquatic habits; most specimens have been collected in humicolous microhabitats, by sifting rainforest debris, or were taken in flight intercept traps. Larvae of hygropetric species are often collected with adults. These larvae have tube-like, dorsally positioned, mesothoracic spiracles that allow the larvae to breathe while under a thin film of water. The key morphological differences between larvae of Tympanogaster (s. str.) and those of Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) are illustrated. New species of Tympanogaster are: T. (s. str.) aldinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek), T. (s. str.) amaroo (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) ambigua (Queensland, Cairns), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) arcuata (New South Wales, Kara Creek, 13 km NEbyE of Jindabyne), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) atroargenta (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) barronensis (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) bluensis (New South Wales, Blue Mountains), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bondi (New South Wales, Bondi Heights), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bryosa (New South Wales, New England National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) buffalo (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) canobolas (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) cardwellensis (Queensland, Cardwell Range, Goddard Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cascadensis (New South Wales, Cascades Campsite, on Tuross River), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clandestina (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clypeata (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (s. str.) cooloogatta (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) coopacambra (Victoria, Beehive Falls, ~2 km E of Cann Valley Highway on 'WB Line'), T. (Topotympanogaster) crista (Queensland, Mount Cleveland summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cudgee (New South Wales, New England National Park, 0.8 km S of Pk. Gate), T. (s. str.) cunninghamensis (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), T. (s. str.) darlingtoni (New South Wales, Barrington Tops), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) decepta (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) dingabledinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) dorrigoensis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) dorsa (Queensland, Windin Falls, NW Mount Bartle-Frere), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) duobifida (Victoria, 0.25 km E Binns, Hill Junction, adjacent to Jeeralang West Road, 4.0 km S Jeerelang), T. (s. str.) eungella (Queensland, Finch Hatton Gorge), T. (Topotympanogaster) finniganensis (Queensland, Mount Finnigan summit), T. (s. str.) foveova (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) grampians (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Epacris Falls, 2.5 km WNW Halls Gap), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) gushi (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) hypipamee (Queensland, Mount Hypipamee National Park, Barron River headwaters below Dinner Falls), T. (s. str.) illawarra (New South Wales, Macquarie Rivulet Falls, near Wollongong), T. (Topotympanogaster) intricata (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) jaechi (Queensland, Running Creek, along road between Mount Chinghee National Park and Border Ranges National Park), T. (Topotympanogaster) juga (Queensland, Mount Lewis summit), T. kuranda (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) lamingtonensis (Queensland, Lamington National Park, Lightening Creek), T. (s. str.) magarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae (New South Wales, Back Creek, Moffatt Falls, ca. 5 km W New England National Park boundary), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) megamorpha (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, W br. Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) merrijig (Victoria, Merrijig), T. (s. str.) millaamillaa (Queensland, Millaa Millaa), T. modulatrix (Victoria, Talbot Creek at Thomson Valley Road, 4.25 km WSW Beardmore), T. (Topotympanogaster) monteithi (Queensland, Mount Bartle Frere), T. moondarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (s. str.) mysteriosa (Queensland), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) nargun (Victoria, Deadcock Den, on Den of Nargun Creek, Mitchell River National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) newtoni (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) ovipennis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) pagetae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) parallela (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) perpendicula (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. plana (Queensland, Cape Tribulation), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) porchi (Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park, Tarra Valley Road, 1.5 km SE Tarra Falls), T. (s. str.) precariosa (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (s. str.) protecta (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) punctata (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park, Eurobin Creek), T. (s. str.) ravenshoensis (Queensland, Ravenshoe State Forest, Charmillan Creek, 12 km SE Ravenshoe), T. (s. str.) robinae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) serrata (Queensland, Natural Bridge National Park, Cave Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) spicerensis (Queensland, Spicer’s Peak summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) storeyi (Queensland, Windsor Tableland), T. (Topotympanogaster) summa (Queensland, Mount Elliott summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tabula (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tallawarra (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, Cedar Falls), T. (s. str.) tenax (New South Wales, Salisbury), T. (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae (Tasmania, Liffey Forest Reserve at Liffey River), T. (s. str.) tora (Queensland, Palmerston National Park), T. trilineata (New South Wales, Sydney), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) truncata (Queensland, Tambourine Mountain), T. (s. str.) volata (Queensland, Palmerston National Park, Learmouth Creek, ca. 14 km SE Millaa Millaa), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) wahroonga (New South Wales, Wahroonga), T. (s. str.) wattsi (New South Wales, Blicks River near Dundurrabin), T. (s. str.) weiri (New South Wales, Allyn River, Chichester State Forest), T. (s. str.) wooloomgabba (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek).
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McLean, Natasha, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Sexual maturity, factors affecting the breeding season and breeding in consecutive seasons in populations of overabundant Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 6 (2006): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06015.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to have knowledge of basic population parameters to understand how these vary geographically and temporally and how they contribute to population dynamics. This paper investigates three of these parameters in Victorian koala populations: sexual maturity, aspects of the breeding season, and the continuity of individuals’ breeding. The investigation was carried out in koalas of known-age in two free-living (Redbill Creek on French Island and Brisbane Ranges) and one semi-captive (the Koala Conservation Centre on Phillip Island) population as well as koalas of unknown age in four Victorian populations of overabundant koalas: Mt Eccles and Framlingham in south-west Victoria, French Island in Western Port and Snake Island in south Gippsland. At sexual maturity, female koalas had a mean age (±95% confidence interval) of 24.4 months (23.5–25.3 months), a mean head length of 125 mm (124–127 mm) and a mean body mass of 6.6 kg (6.3–6.8 kg). Only 7.4% of independent females (of unknown age) were carrying young when they weighed less than 6 kg. The breeding season was more restricted in the south-west populations. At Framlingham and Mt Eccles 85% and 91% of births, respectively, occurred between December and March. At Snake and French Islands only 46% and 53% of births, respectively, were recorded in the same period. In the Chlamydia-free population (Red Bill Creek) none of the koalas that were monitored stopped breeding and then resumed breeding in a subsequent season whereas many females from Chlamydia-infected populations (Brisbane Ranges and the Koala Conservation Centre) did so. This variation in reproductive patterns is likely to make an important contribution to the variation in the demography observed in different koala populations.
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Chapman, D. F., B. R. Cullen, I. R. Johnson, and D. Beca. "Interannual variation in pasture growth rate in Australian and New Zealand dairy regions and its consequences for system management." Animal Production Science 49, no. 12 (2009): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09054.
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The profitability of dairy farms in Australia and New Zealand is closely related to the amount of pasture dry matter consumed per hectare per year. There is variability in the pasture growth curve within years (seasonal variation) and between years (interannual variation) in all dairy regions in both countries. Therefore, the biological efficiency of production systems depends on the accuracy and timeliness of the many strategic and tactical decisions that influence the balance between feed supply and demand over an annual cycle. In the case of interannual variation, decisions are made with only limited quantitative information on the range of possible pasture growth outcomes. To address this limitation, we used the biophysical simulation model ‘DairyMod’ to estimate mean monthly herbage accumulation rates of annual or perennial ryegrass-based pastures in 100 years (1907–2006) for five Australian sites (Kyabram in northern Victoria, Terang in south-west Victoria, Ellinbank in Gippsland, Elliott in north-west Tasmania and Vasse in south-west Western Australia) and in 35 years (1972–2006) for three sites in New Zealand (Hamilton in the Waikato, Palmerston North in the Manawatu and Winchmore in Canterbury). The aim was to evaluate whether or not a probabilistic approach to the analysis of pasture growth could provide useful information to support decision making. For the one site where annual ryegrass was simulated, Vasse, the difference between the 25th and 75th percentile years was 20 kg DM/ha.day or less in all months when pasture growth occurred. Irrigation at Kyabram and Winchmore also resulted in a narrow range of growth rates in most months. For non-irrigated sites, the 25th–75th percentile range was narrow (10–15 kg DM/ha.day) from May or June through to September or October, because plant available soil water was adequate to support perennial ryegrass growth, and the main source of interannual variability was variation in temperature. Outside of these months, however, variability in growth was large. There was a positive relationship between total annual herbage accumulation rate and mean stocking for four southern Australian regions (northern Victoria, south-west Victoria, Gippsland and Tasmania), but there was evidence of a negative relationship between the co-efficient of variation in pasture growth and stocking rate. The latter suggests that farmers do account for risk in pasture supply in their stocking rate decisions. However, for the one New Zealand region included in this analysis, Waikato, stocking rate was much higher than would be expected based on the variability in pasture growth, indicating that farmers in this region have well defined decision rules for coping with feed deficits or surpluses. Model predictions such as those presented here are one source of information that can support farm management decision making, but should always be coupled with published data, direct experience, and other relevant information to analyse risk for individual farm businesses.
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Fraser, Iain, and Phillip Hone. "Farm‐level efficiency and productivity measurement using panel data: wool production in south‐west Victoria." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 45, no. 2 (June 2001): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00140.
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Wallis, Anne M., Michelle L. M. Graymore, and Anneke J. Richards. "Significance of environment in the assessment of sustainable development: The case for south west Victoria." Ecological Economics 70, no. 4 (February 2011): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.11.010.
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Bird, P. R., T. T. Jackson, G. A. Kearney, and K. W. Williams. "Effect of two tree windbreaks on adjacent pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 6 (2002): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02016.
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The effects of 2 tree windbreaks on pasture production in adjoining paddocks were assessed over 4 years in a cool-temperate climate, perennial pasture area in south-western Victoria, Australia. The Willandra windbreak was 2 rows of direct-sown black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) aligned south-east–north-west. The Helm View windbreak was 4 rows of mixed Eucalyptus, Casuarina and Acacia spp., aligned east–west. Pastures at both sites had been sown to perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover. Wind direction data indicated that the north-eastern and south-western paddocks at Willandra were sheltered 39 and 28% of the time, respectively. The northern and southern paddocks at Helm View were sheltered 34 and 42% of the time, respectively. The relationship of rainfall with wind speed and direction was examined to indicate the potential of windbreaks of various orientations to protect livestock. The windbreaks had clear effects on pasture production in the competition zone along the margins of the windbreak. Average pasture production at Willandra in the zone 0.5–0.75 H (where H is the windbreak height) was 69% of open yield; production in the 0.9–1.5 H zone was 96%. At Helm View, production in the zone 0.7–1.0 H was 74% of open yield, with 81% in the zone 1.1–1.5 H. Averaged over all years, both windbreaks had no effect on pasture growth in the 2–10 H sheltered zone, although in some years there were small significant growth increases at parts of that zone in certain paddocks. Periodic soil moisture measurements at Willandra showed that water use was greater in the competition zone near the windbreak, with a difference in summer water content of the 1.2 m profile of at least 20 mm between soil 4.6 m from the windbreak and further away. The difference was due to greater water use from the deepest part of the profile. No other effects of the windbreak on soil water content were observed.
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Casanova, Michelle T., and Kenneth G. Karol. "Monoecious Nitella species (Characeae, Charophyta) from south-eastern mainland Australia, including Nitella paludigena sp. nov." Australian Systematic Botany 21, no. 3 (2008): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb07026.
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Identification of Australian species of Nitella is problematic. Several species of monoecious Nitella have been described from south-eastern mainland Australia, but identification of these based on current treatments has been difficult. In response to the discovery of a new monoecious Nitella from the swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, the monoecious species of Nitella from south-eastern mainland Australia were examined and compared. N. paludigena M.T.Casanova & K.G.Karol is distinguished from other monoecious species on the basis of its overall vegetative morphology and oospore morphology. N. paludigena is found in peaty tea-tree (Leptospermum sp) swamps on the Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, and in the south-west of Victoria. A description of the morphology and ecology of the five monoecious Nitella species from south-eastern mainland Australia is given, along with a key.
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Ridsdill-Smith, T. J., and C. C. Pavri. "Controlling redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae), with a spring spray in legume pastures." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 9 (2015): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14272.
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The use of a TIMERITE® spring spray to control redlegged earth mite (RLEM), Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Acari: Penthaleidae), in annual pastures was evaluated on farms across Australia. RLEM populations in autumn in the treatments sprayed in spring 1998 and 1999 were 97% lower in 1999 and 97% in 2000 in the western region (Western Australia), and 93% lower in 1999 and 93% in 2000 in the eastern region (Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia). At sites in the west, control of RLEM resulted in significant increases in subterranean clover seed yield in 1999 and in clover seedling numbers in autumn 1999 and 2000. Penthaleus major (blue oat mite) populations in autumn were 60% lower in sprayed treatments, but Sminthurus viridis (lucerne flea) populations were not affected. Differences in weather between the west (where there is a hot, dry summer) and the east (where temperature and rainfall regimes are more variable in spring and early summer) seem to cause greater RLEM control and greater benefits in subterranean clover seed yield and seedling numbers with a spring spray in the west.
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Douglas, M. L., M. J. Auldist, J. L. Jacobs, M. C. Hannah, S. C. Garcia, and W. J. Wales. "Quantifying the ruminal degradation of nutrients in three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sampled during early spring and summer." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3 (2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19002.
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Context The Australian dairy industry is characterised by pasture-based feeding systems, where grazed pasture is commonly supplemented with cereal grain to increase milk production of dairy cows. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) is the most commonly used pasture species, with a wide range of cultivars available. However, the nutritive characteristics and the degradation of nutrients in individual PRG cultivars grown in different environments in Australia are unknown, and significant variation between cultivars may impact on supplementary nutrient requirements. Aims The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extent of ruminal degradation of nutrients in three contrasting PRG cultivars (Bealey NEA2, Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE) harvested during early spring and summer from Gippsland, northern Victoria and south-west Victoria in Victoria, Australia. Methods Degradation parameters were determined by in situ incubation in the rumens of non-lactating, rumen-fistulated Holstein–Friesian cows for 72 h using a nylon bag technique. Key results During both seasons, Bealey NEA2 had the greatest effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared with Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE. Cultivars harvested during early spring had greater effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and a greater amount of rumen degradable protein compared with cultivars harvested during summer. Cultivars harvested from Gippsland had greater crude protein and neutral detergent fibre effective degradability, as well as a greater amount of rumen degradable protein, whereas cultivars harvested from northern Victoria had a greater amount of undegraded dietary protein. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ruminal degradation of PRG cultivars declines with increasing maturity, and that there are differences between cultivars and regions; however, differences between seasons are of a greater magnitude and are more important to consider when formulating optimal supplementary grain rations. Implications This research has positive implications for farmers who will be able to understand the degradation of nutrients in PRG, and the amounts of rumen degradable protein and undegraded dietary protein available from pasture during each season. Farmers will be able to use this information to formulate supplementary grain rations that complement the nutrients from pasture and optimise milk production.
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Kirby, Jordan, Stephanie Avagliano, and Rosemary Buchanan. "Patient attitudes and experiences to influenza vaccination during pregnancy in South West Victoria during 2019-2020." International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i1c.803.
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Kellas, JD, PR Bird, KN Cumming, GA Kearney, and AK Ashton. "Pasture production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in South-West Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 6 (1995): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951285.
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Net pasture production has been monitored over time on an on-going Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry experiment located at Carngham, Victoria. Established in 1983 by thinning a 2-year-old plantation, the study contains five treatments (systems): open pasture (no trees), 60 trees/ha, 200 trees/ha wide-spaced, 200 trees/ha 5-row belt and 1360 trees/ha. Net pasture production was only weakly affected by the proximity of trees in the 60 trees/ha and 200 trees/ha wide-spaced systems. However, in the 200 trees/ha 5-row belt system, pasture production was often significantly less within the tree zone and at 1.5 m from the tree edge compared with production at 10.5 m from the tree edge. While there was a trend for greater pasture production at 10.5 m and 18 m from the tree line than occurred in the open pasture system, the width of pasture adjacent to the 5-row belts was too narrow (36 m) to demonstrate any shelter benefit on pasture production. From 1990 to 1992, pasture production (kg ha-1) for each system was similar, although production tended to decrease with increasing tree stocking. Following the cessation of pruning (1992), pasture production was significantly reduced by increased tree stocking, such that pasture production in the 200 trees/ha wide-spaced and 200 trees/ha 5-row belt systems was 60% and 69% and 23% and 67% of open pasture in 1993 and 1994 respectively.
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Bird, PR, PR Bird, JD Kellas, JD Kellas, GA Kearney, GA Kearney, KN Cumming, and KN Cumming. "Animal production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in South-West Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 6 (1995): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951299.
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Liveweight and greasy wool production data from young wethers were collected for the period autumn to early summer for the years 1986 to 1994 from an on-going Pinus radiata-pasture project at Carngham, Victoria. A plantation established in 1981 on a grazing property was thinned in 1983 to give trees spaced at: (i) no trees (a grazing control), (ii) 8 mx 12 m, (iii) 4 mx9 m, (iv) 4 mx3 m in a 5-row belt then a 10-row pasture gap, and (v) 2 mx3 m (original spacing). By 1989 the density of trees in these systems was slightly reduced by windthrow, animal damage and thinning to (ii) 60 trees/ha, (iii) 200 trees/ha wide-spaced, (iv) 200 trees/ha 5-row belt and (v) 1360 trees/ha. All trees in systems (ii), (iii) and (iv) had been pruned to 6 m by late 1992. The sheep stocking policy was initially based on a set 10 sheep ha-1. Since 1991 the stocking rate has been varied yearly in an attempt to maintain similar production per sheep. The pastures were re-sown in 1989 with perennial rye-grass and subterranean clover cultivars. Since 1991, wool production per ha from the 200 trees/ha wide-spaced system has been consistently less than in systems (i), (ii) and (iv). Wool production among systems differed significantly since 1992. Expressed as a percentage of wool production achieved on open pasture, the relative values for the agroforestry systems from 1990 to 1994 as follows.
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Jahufer, M. Z. Z., R. Clements, R. Durant, and D. R. Woodfield. "Evaluation of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) commercial cultivars and experimental synthetics in south‐west Victoria, Australia." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 4 (December 2009): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288230909510523.
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Young, J. M., A. N. Thompson, M. Curnow, and C. M. Oldham. "Whole-farm profit and the optimum maternal liveweight profile of Merino ewe flocks lambing in winter and spring are influenced by the effects of ewe nutrition on the progeny's survival and lifetime wool production." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10078.
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Profitability of sheep production systems in southern Australia is optimised at a stocking rate that provides adequate nutrition for breeding ewes and enables efficient utilisation of grown pasture and supplements. In this paper we used bio-economic modelling to develop optimum liveweight1 profiles for spring-lambing Merino ewes in different environments. The modelling included the impacts of the ewe liveweight profile on the production of the ewe and the survival and lifetime wool production of her progeny. Fifteen ewe liveweight profiles were analysed for each region to determine the profitability of varying ewe liveweight at joining, varying rate of loss of liveweight after joining and the rate of gain in liveweight from the minimum to lambing. The analyses support the hypotheses that whole-farm profitability is sensitive to the liveweight profile of Merino ewe flocks and that there is a liveweight profile that maximises whole-farm profit. The variation between the most and least profitable ewe liveweight profile was $69 0002 per farm ($14.30/ewe) for south-west Victoria, $51 000 per farm ($8.70/ewe) for Great Southern Western Australia and $33 300 per farm ($9.70/ewe) for southern New South Wales. The changes in profit were due to differences in costs of feeding to achieve the ewe liveweight profile and its influence on the production of both the ewes and their progeny. Failure to include the impacts of liveweight profile on progeny survival and lifetime wool production incorrectly identifies the optimum ewe liveweight profile and provided inaccurate estimates of profitability. The optimum liveweight profiles for ewes lambing in spring were similar for all three regions and insensitive to changing commodity prices, pasture productivity and management. The optimum profile was to join ewes at ~90% of the standard reference weight of the genotype, lose a small amount of weight after joining and regain weight in late pregnancy to return to the joining weight by lambing. Regaining the liveweight lost in early pregnancy by lambing is the most important target to achieve. The cost per farm of missing this liveweight target by 1 kg was $13 000 ($2.60/ewe) for south-west Victoria, $8900 ($1.45/ewe) for Great Southern Western Australia and $5500 ($1.65/ewe) for southern New South Wales. By contrast, the cost per farm of missing the joining target by 1 kg was $5500 for south-west Victoria and less than $2000 across the other two regions. Whole-farm profit increased with increasing stocking rate up to an optimum and regardless of stocking rate there is an additional opportunity to increase whole-farm profit by up to 15% by managing ewes to achieve the optimum liveweight profile. This indicates that the optimum liveweight profile should be achieved by increasing the level of grain feeding and altering the timing of utilising the farm feed resources rather than manipulating stocking rate.
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Hnatiuk, RJ, and BR Maslin. "Phytogeography of Acacia in Australia in Relation to Climate and Species-Richness." Australian Journal of Botany 36, no. 4 (1988): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880361.
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This paper reports on the kinds of geographic patterns encountered in the distribution of Australian species of Acacia and on some climatic correlates of these patterns. The analyses were based on distribution data of 837 species mapped on a 1° x 1.5° grid. The area of highest density of species was the south-west corner of the continent, especially adjacent to the major boundary separating the Arid Zone from the more humid South West Botanical Province. The second major centre of richness occurred in eastern Australia south of the Tropic of Capricorn along the topographically heterogeneous Great Dividing Range. Secondary centres of species-richness occurred in northern and north-eastern Australia, a number of rocky tablelands of the Arid Zone and in western Victoria. The principal species-poor areas were located in sandy and some riverine areas of the Arid Zone, in temperate forests of Tasmania and in coastal areas of the north of the continent. The geographic patterns of each section of Acacia, when combined with those of species density, highlighted the tropical (section Juliflorae) v. temperate areas (sections Phyllodineae, Pulchellae, Botrycephalae and Alatae). The numerical classification of grids resulted in the recognition of eight major Acacia areas, arranged under four Acacia regions: (1) South-west; (2) Eastern, comprising a southern and a northern area; (3) Northern, comprising an eastern and a western area; (4) Central, comprising a south-east, a central and a north-west area. A discriminant function analysis indicated that precipitation was more important than temperature in distinguishing between areas. Discussion of the potential evolutionary significance of these findings and brief comparison with other biogeographic studies are given.
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Madani, G. F., K. R. Ashman, V. S. A. Mella, and D. A. Whisson. "A review of the 'noose and flag' method to capture free-ranging koalas." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19064.
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The capture of free-ranging individuals is often needed for research, population management and health assessment. Because of its iconic and threatened species status, methods to capture koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) receive disproportionate scrutiny. We collated data on koala capture frequency, duration held by noose and incidents from six studies of koalas in Victoria and New South Wales that all used the ‘noose and flag’ method as the primary method of capture. Adverse events occurred in less than 1% of all captures (7 of 1236). Mean capture time in three of four locations recording duration held by noose was less than five minutes, minimising the duration of distress to the koala while allowing researchers to maintain control over the animal. The exception to this was a study in far south-west Victoria where trees were tall and koalas were relatively unresponsive to flagging, resulting in a longer mean duration held by noose (11.2 minutes). The reviewed capture data of the ‘noose and flag’ method suggest that this is an effective and safe capture method, allowing for capture of multiple individuals in a short period, and suitable for most habitat types and situations.
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Birrell, H. A., and R. L. Thompson. "Effect of environmental factors on the growth of grazed pasture in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 4 (2006): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03048.
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This paper presents work from several studies on pasture production that were conducted in south-west Victoria at the Pastoral Research Institute, Hamilton. The frequency with which pasture growth commenced for each week of autumn in the years from 1965 to 1991 was assessed. The median period for the commencement of growth was in the third week of March (although the average date was March 27). Autumn data from several trials conducted over 3 decades were collated and analysed. A relationship between the grazed pasture yield (average of stocking rates plots) at the end of autumn and the rainfall showed that 200 mm of rainfall in the 3 months to the end of May was optimal while higher rainfall depressed the growth. The average daily growth rates of introduced pasture (perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne L. cv. Victorian, phalaris, Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian, subterranean clover Trifolium subterranneum L. and volunteer species) were measured in 2- and 4-week growth periods (G 2 and G 4, kg DM/ha.day) for the seasonal growth cycles over 4 years (1980–84 except 1983) when grazed by Merino wether sheep at stocking rates of 10, 13 or 18 sheep/ha. The rainfall throughout the study was lower than normal. Although differences in the animal performance between the stocking rates were only small, at the low stocking rate capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) in patches became the major component of the sward. Greater variation in G 2 than in G 4 indicated that growth responded quickly to current environmental conditions. A nonlinear regression accounted for 74% of the variance in G 2 when related to the 3 climatic factors of daylength, soil temperature at 10 cm depth and the soil moisture to a depth of 10 cm, and a plant factor of green herbage yield. The 26 % of unaccounted variance appears to be associated with an effect of stocking rate, possibly botanical composition. The botanical composition was not continuously monitored hence the only sward character included in the investigation was herbage yield. Comparison of the patterns of pasture growth from different latitudes indicated that while the growth pattern in south-western Victoria is erratic, it is intermediary between Mediterranean and temperate pasture types. Understanding this aspect has implications for improving the efficiency of animal production in this environment.
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Peck, Blake, Daniel Terry, and Kate Kloot. "The Socioeconomic Characteristics of Childhood Injuries in Regional Victoria, Australia: What the Missing Data Tells Us." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137005.
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Background: Injury is the leading cause of death among those between 1–16 years of age in Australia. Studies have found that injury rates increase with socioeconomic disadvantage. Rural Urgent Care Centres (UCC) represent a key point of entry into the Victorian healthcare system for people living in smaller rural communities, often categorised as lower socio-economic groups. Emergency presentation data from UCCs is not routinely collated in government datasets. This study seeks to compare socioeconomic characteristics of children aged 0–14 attending a UCC to those who attend a 24-h Emergency Departments with an injury-related emergency presentation. This will inform gaps in our current understanding of the links between socioeconomic status and childhood injury in regional Victoria. Methods: A network of rural hospitals in South West Victoria, Australia provide ongoing detailed de-identified emergency presentation data as part of the Rural Acute Hospital Data Register (RAHDaR). Data from nine of these facilities was extracted and analysed for children (aged 0–14 years) with any principal injury-related diagnosis presenting between 1 February 2017 and 31 January 2020. Results: There were 10,137 injury-related emergency presentations of children aged between 0–14 years to a participating hospital. The relationship between socioeconomic status and injury was confirmed, with overall higher rates of child injury presentations from those residing in areas of Disadvantage. A large proportion (74.3%) of the children attending rural UCCs were also Disadvantaged. Contrary to previous research, the rate of injury amongst children from urban areas was significantly higher than their more rural counterparts. Conclusions: Findings support the notion that injury in Victoria differs according to socioeconomic status and suggest that targeted interventions for the reduction of injury should consider socioeconomic as well as geographical differences in the design of their programs.
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Rogers, Margaret, Bernard Howard, Leigh Matheson, Jacqui Pawlak, Michael Smith, Amish Patel, Felix Sim, Maitham Mathlum, and Alison Patrick. "Oral cancer in South West Victoria." Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing 21, no. 2 (November 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33235/ajcn.21.2.28-32.
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