Journal articles: 'Southern Adriatic Sea'

1

Bonacci, Ognjen, and Adrijana Vrsalović. "Differences in Air and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Northern and Southern Part of the Adriatic Sea." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071158.

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The paper compares air and sea surface temperatures in recent years on two islands in the Adriatic Sea. The data measured at the climatological station Krk on the island of Krk and the main meteorological station Lastovo on the island of Lastovo are used. The island of Krk is located in the north of the Adriatic Sea and Lastovo in the south. Since a significant increase in air and sea surface temperatures has been observed over the last thirty years, the goal is to establish how they reflect at these two stations, 313 km apart. The goal of the analysis is to monitor the changes in these two islands to reduce the negative impacts they may cause. The analysis of sea temperatures showed that global warming has a greater impact in the northern Adriatic than in the southern Adriatic. Air and sea surface temperatures have a faster upward trend on Krk than on Lastovo. Similar to the Mediterranean Sea, a positive trend was observed in the Adriatic Sea for both sea surface temperature and air temperature.

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Holcer, Draško, Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Caterina Maria Fortuna, Bojan Lazar, and Vlado Onofri. "Occurrence of Cuvier's beaked whales in the southern Adriatic Sea: evidence of an important Mediterranean habitat." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 1 (2007): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055075.

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The intent of this work is to summarize the available knowledge on the appearance, identification and distribution of Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) in the Adriatic Sea through a review of historical data, inspection of natural history collections and collection of original data. In total, eleven occurrences are documented of Cuvier's beaked whale along the Adriatic coast with all records originating from the deep southern Adriatic basin. The number of recorded stranded Cuvier's beaked whales in the southern Adriatic represents about 3% of the recorded specimens in the entire Mediterranean. This percentage increases up to about 5% when considering only data collected after the first recorded stranding of the recent era in 1975. Comparing these percentages to the extent of the area relative to the Mediterranean, the proportion of occurrence of the total stranded Cuvier's beaked whales in the southern Adriatic ranged between the same to double of that of the entire Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the southern Adriatic Sea should be considered as a potentially relevant habitat of the Cuvier's beaked whale. This hypothesis has clear conservation implications particularly in view of the adverse impact of sonar experiments, carried out by navies from several countries, on this species and should be further investigated. Finally, there is no evidence of the northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus) ever having occurred in this part of the Mediterranean region.

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Dulčić, J., I. Jardas, V. Onofri, and J. Bolotin. "The roughtail stingray Dasyatis centroura (Pisces: Dasyatidae) and spiny butterfly ray Gymnura altavela (Pisces: Gymnuridae) from the southern Adriatic." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, no. 4 (2003): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007926h.

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A roughtail stingray, Dasyatis centroura, and a spiny buterfly ray, Gymnura altavela, were caught near Kolocčep Island (Elafiti Archipelago, southern Adriatic) and the settlement Crkvice (Pelješac Peninsula, southern Adriatic) in October 2002 and November 2000, respectively. The roughtail stingray is the largest specimen recorded. Morphometric data of spiny butterfly ray are the first for this species in the Adriatic Sea.

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MARKOVIĆ, O., M. GÖKOĞLU, S. PETOVIĆ, and M. MANDIĆ. "First record of the Northern brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the South Adriatic Sea, Montenegro." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 1 (2013): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.673.

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A single adult female specimen of the Northern brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, a species native to the western Atlantic coasts, was caught in Boka kotorska bay (southern Adriatic Sea) on 19 September 2013. This is the first record of this alien species in the Adriatic Sea.

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Pallaoro, Armin, and Jakov Dulĉić. "On the occurrence of the spider crab Maja goltziana (Crustacea: Majidae) an alien species in the Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 5 (2004): 1007–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540401032xh.

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6

Mandić, M., I. Leonori, A. De Felice, S. Gvozdenović, and A. Pešić. "A new look on the morphometric characteristics of Congridae leptocephali from the southern Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, no. 2 (2021): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315421000229.

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AbstractAnguillid leptocephali of three Congridae species (Conger conger, Ariosoma balearicum and Gnathophis mistax) were caught as bycatch of pelagic trawls during acoustic surveys targeting small pelagic fish species in the southern Adriatic Sea, carried out under the framework of the Italian MEDIAS project (western side) and its extension in the ambit of the FAO AdriaMed project (eastern side). Results refer to the findings of Congridae leptocephali during surveys conducted in 2011, 2014, 2015 and 2016. A total of 25 specimens were caught and analysed (morphological features and pigmentation patterns). Leptocephali of Conger conger were found in the range of 8.4–13.1 cm total length (TL) (between 50 and 132 m depth), Ariosoma balearicum from 9.7–12.2 cm TL (between 50 and 128 m depth) and for Gnathophis mystax in the range from 6.4–11.7 cm TL (between 40 and 79 m depth). The results indicate that the southern Adriatic Pit could be the spawning area of these species in the Adriatic Sea. Present data represent a contribution to existing knowledge about the ecology of leptocephali from the Congridae family in the southern Adriatic Sea, and also indicate the existence of differences in morphometric parameters between different areas, that is, the possibility of the existence of new geographic lines within the genus Ariosoma in the Adriatic Sea.

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Lipizer, M., E. Partescano, A. Rabitti, A. Giorgetti, and A. Crise. "Qualified temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen climatologies in a changing Adriatic Sea." Ocean Science 10, no. 5 (2014): 771–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-771-2014.

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Abstract. An updated climatology, based on a comprehensive data set (1911–2009) of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, has been produced for the whole Adriatic Sea with the variational inverse method using the DIVA (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis) software. Climatological maps were produced at 26 levels and validated with ordinary cross-validation and with a real vs. synthetic temperature–salinity diagram intercomparison. The concept of climatology–observation misfit (COM) has been introduced as an estimate of the physical variability associated with the climatological structures. In order to verify the temporal stability of the climatology, long-term variability has been investigated in the Middle Adriatic and the South Adriatic pits, regarded as the most suitable records of possible long-term changes. Compared with previous climatologies, this study allows a clear identification of the seasonal dynamic of the southern Adriatic, where a clear oxygen minimum is typically observed in the centre of the South Adriatic Gyre. New and better resolved features emerged from this analysis: (1) below 100 m all properties profoundly differ between the central and the southern Adriatic and seem characterized by different biogeochemical dynamics; (2) the South Adriatic Pit clearly shows the remote effects of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient, while no effect is observed in the Middle Adriatic Pit; (3) the deepest part of the southern Adriatic seems now to be significantly saltier (+0.18 psu since the period 1910–1914, with an increase of +0.018 decade−1 since the late 1940s) and warmer (+0.54 °C since 1910–1914) even though a long-term temperature trend could not be statistically demonstrated; (4) the Middle Adriatic Pit shows a long-term increase in apparent oxygen utilization (+0.77 mL L−1 since 1910–1914, with a constant increase of +0.2 mL L−1 decade−1 after the 1970s).

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8

ANGELETTI, L., M. TAVIANI, S. CANESE, et al. "New deep-water cnidarian sites in the southern Adriatic Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 2 (2013): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.558.

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Recent ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) exploration and bottom sampling in the southern Adriatic Sea (Apulian and Montenegrin margins) resulted in the discovery of cnidarian-rich deep-sea habitats in the depth range of ca. 400-700 m. In particular, ROV inspection of Montenegrin canyons reveals the existence of megabenthic communities dominated by a variety of cnidarians, including scleractinians (Madrepora oculata, Lophelia pertusa, Dendrophyllia cornigera), antipatharians (Leiopathes glaberrima) and gorgonians (Callogorgia verticillata) as major habitat forming taxa, often in association with sponges and, subordinately, serpulids. All such cnidarians are new records for the southeastern side of the Adriatic Sea. Our investigation indicates that an almost continuous belt of patchy cold water coral sites occurs along the entire southwestern margin (Apulian), basically connecting the Adriatic populations with those inhabiting the Ionian margin (Santa Maria di Leuca coral province).

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9

Vasapollo, Claudio. "Morphometric analysis revealed two different Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) stocks in the Adriatic Sea." PeerJ 13 (January 21, 2025): e18765. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18765.

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Phenotypical differentiation among individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerel Trachurus mediterraneus in the Adriatic Sea was investigated through the analysis of several morphometric characters. Overall, 426 individuals of Mediterranean horse mackerels were sampled from the northern, central and southern Adriatic Sea during the summers of 2012 and 2013. Forty-six morphometric characters were measured for each individual and then compared using multivariate techniques (linear discriminant analysis). Based on the morphometric characteristics, at least two different Mediterranean horse mackerel were identified: one comprising the northern and central Adriatic, and the other formed by individuals from the southern Adriatic basin. The northern and central areas showed stable populations, overlapping both in space and time. The southern area seemed to be more variable over the years, with a low degree of overlapping both in space and time. A possible hypothesis for this, to be further investigated, could be the flow of individuals from the Ionian and Aegean Seas populations through the Otranto Channel. The main differences between the two stocks were associated with the head characters of the fish. In particular, the northern and central Adriatic Sea individuals had shorter and thicker heads than the southern ones. This could be due to different feeding habits: the former mainly feed on small fishes, the latter mainly on euphausiids. A short mouth could reduce the power of suction of bigger preys, while a long mouth could increase the volume of water to be filtered to feed on small planktonic crustaceans. From this study, it becomes clear that the Mediterranean horse mackerel should not be managed as a single stock in the Adriatic Sea as it was evident that at least two morphologically different stocks are present in the basin.

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10

Caroppo, Carmela, Roberta Congestri, Elena Buzzelli, and Milena Bruno. "The genus Dinophysis in the Southern Adriatic Sea." Giornale botanico italiano 130, no. 4-6 (1996): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509609438390.

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11

Dulĉić, J., and A. Pallaoro. "First record of the marbled spinefoot Siganus rivulatus (Pisces: Siganidae) in the Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 5 (2004): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010483h.

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Lessepsian migrant Siganus rivulatus is reported for the first time from the Adriatic Sea, substantially further north than its usual area of occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea. Two specimens (111 mm total length [TL] and 149 mm TL) were captured by beach seine on 5 October 2002 off islet Bobara, near Cavtat (southern Adriatic). Morphometric and meristic characteristics of the specimens are provided. The possible explanations of this occurrence are discussed.

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12

Cossarini, G., S. Querin, and C. Solidoro. "CO2 exchange in a temperate marginal sea of the Mediterranean Sea: processes and carbon budget." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (2012): 10331–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-10331-2012.

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Abstract. Marginal seas play a potentially important role in the global carbon cycle; however, due to differences in the scales of variability and dynamics, marginal seas are seldom fully accounted for in global models or estimates. Specific high-resolution studies may elucidate the role of marginal seas and assist in the compilation of a complete global budget. In this study, we investigated the air-sea exchange and the carbon cycle dynamics in a marginal sub-basin of the Mediterranean Sea (the Adriatic Sea) by adopting a coupled transport-biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity including carbonate dynamics. The Adriatic Sea is a highly productive area owed to riverine fertilisation and is a site of intense dense water formation both on the northern continental shelf and in the southern sub-basin. Therefore, the study area may be an important site of CO2 sequestration in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of the model simulation show that the Adriatic Sea, as a whole, is a CO2 sink with a mean annual flux of 36 mg m−2 day−1. The northern part absorbs more carbon (68 mg m−2 day−1) due to an efficient continental shelf pump process, whereas the southern part behaves similar to an open ocean. Nonetheless, the Southern Adriatic Sea accumulates dense, southward-flowing, carbon-rich water produced on the northern shelf. During a warm year and despite an increase in aquatic primary productivity, the sequestration of atmospheric CO2 is reduced by approximately 15% due to alterations of the solubility pump and reduced dense water formation. The seasonal cycle of temperature and biological productivity modulates the efficiency of the carbon pump at the surface, whereas the intensity of winter cooling in the northern sub-basin leads to the export of C-rich dense water to the deep layer of the southern sub-basin and, subsequently, to the interior of the Mediterranean Sea.

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13

Stranieri, Giovanni. "Olive Cultivation and Olive Products in Southern Apulia (6th–11th c.)." Late Antique Archaeology 11, no. 1 (2015): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340059.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the interactions between the environment and human society from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages in southern Apulia, at the heel of Italy, at the lower part of the Adriatic region. The results of recent archaeological investigations and palaeoenvironmental studies, has led us to establish a correlation between the indicators of extensive olive cultivation, the archaeological markers indicating the movement of goods either side of the Adriatic Sea, and Byzantine economic and political dominance over all or part of the region, as well as the lower Adriatic.

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14

Batistić, Mirna, Rade Garić, Nenad Jasprica, Stijepo Ljubimir, and Josip Mikuš. "Bloom of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 and tunicates Salpa fusiformis Cuvier, 1804 and Salpa maxima Forskål, 1775 in the open southern Adriatic in 2009." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 5 (2018): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418001029.

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AbstractThis study was conducted in February, April and June 2009 at three stations in the southern Adriatic. Occurrence of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans and tunicates Salpa fusiformis and Salpa maxima in high abundances for the oligotrophic open sea, indicates the importance of physical forcing (vertical mixing) and inflow of nutrient-enriched Atlantic water, due to the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) mechanism, into the Adriatic Sea thus creating an environment favourable for their rapid increase. This is the first time a bloom of N. scintillans has been recorded in the open southern Adriatic (OSA). High abundance of Noctiluca and salp populations in the OSA was characterized by low abundance of phytoplankton and other zooplankton, with obvious trophic implications (reduction of food availability to crustacean primary consumers). Moreover, during the S. maxima bloom in June 2009, calanoid copepods and appendicularians were almost completely absent (<1 ind. m−3).

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15

Droghini, Elisa, Anna Annibaldi, Emanuela Prezioso, et al. "Mercury Content in Central and Southern Adriatic Sea Sediments in Relation to Seafloor Geochemistry and Sedimentology." Molecules 24, no. 24 (2019): 4467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244467.

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Mercury contents were determined in surface sediments from the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea to gain insight into the processes, factors, and variables affecting its distribution. Mercury concentration was measured by thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry in samples collected by box-corer from Ancona to Santa Maria di Leuca during the CNR-PERTRE cruise (16/9-4/10/2016). Sediments were also evaluated for chemical-physical parameters (pH, Eh), biogeochemical composition (total carbon, inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, organic matter) and grain size. The average mercury concentration in the Adriatic Sea sediment was 0.053 mg/Kg (d.w.), range 0.011–0.12 mg/Kg (d.w.). Mercury content was mainly affected by grain size and organic matter (OM) distribution, whereas anthropic factors exerted a limited influence. Concentrations followed the distribution of sediment types (clay > silt > sand) due to Adriatic Sea hydrodynamics and were well below the regulatory limits in all samples.

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Berkson, J. M., R. D. Hollett, and M. Max. "Shallow‐water acoustic measurements in the southern Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 5 (1995): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414030.

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Sirovic, Ana, Kait Frasier, and Drasko Holcer. "Cetaceans and seismic surveys in the Southern Adriatic Sea." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (2020): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5147595.

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Turchetto, M., A. Boldrin, L. Langone, S. Miserocchi, T. Tesi, and F. Foglini. "Particle transport in the Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic Sea)." Marine Geology 246, no. 2-4 (2007): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.02.007.

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19

Stabili, Loredana, and Rosa Anna Cavallo. "Biodiversity of culturable heterotrophic bacteria in the Southern Adriatic Sea Italian coastal waters." Scientia Marina 68, S1 (2004): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2004.68s131.

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20

Denamiel, Cléa, Iva Tojčić, and Petra Pranić. "A new vision of the Adriatic Dense Water future under extreme warming." Ocean Science 21, no. 1 (2025): 37–62. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-37-2025.

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Abstract. We use the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) kilometer-scale atmosphere–ocean model to assess the impact of a far-future extreme-warming scenario on the formation, spreading, and accumulation of North Adriatic Dense Water (NAddW) over the entire basin, including the Jabuka Pit accumulation site, and Adriatic Deep Water (AdDW) over the Southern Adriatic Pit (SAP). Our key findings differ from previous studies that used coarser Mediterranean climate models and did not update the thresholds for dense-water and deep-water definitions to account for the far-future background density changes caused by warmer sea surface temperatures. We show that surface buoyancy losses at NAddW generation sites, driven by evaporation, are expected to increase by 15 % under extreme warming, despite a 25 % reduction in the intensity and spatial extent of Bora winds. As a result, future NAddW formation will remain similar to present conditions. However, the volume of dense water in the Jabuka Pit will decrease due to the increased far-future stratification. Additionally, dense-water transport between the Jabuka Pit and the deepest part of the SAP will stop, as future NAddW will be lighter than the AdDW. Regarding Ionian–Adriatic exchanges, extreme warming will not affect the impact of the bimodal oscillation system on the Adriatic salinity variability, but future AdDW dynamics will be determined by density changes in the northern Ionian Sea. Our findings highlight the complexity of climate change impacts on Adriatic atmosphere–ocean processes and the importance of high-resolution models for more accurate far-future projections in the Adriatic Sea.

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21

Manzo, Sonia, Giuliana Ansanelli, Luisa Parrella, et al. "First evaluation of the threat posed by antifouling biocides in the Southern Adriatic Sea." Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, no. 8 (2014): 1981–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3em00724c.

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The harmful effects of antifouling biocides in Southern Adriatic Sea water have been evaluated combining different and complementary methodologies thus allowing a deep and robust interpretation of the data.

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22

Schiavo, Antonella, Muriel Oddenino, Guadalupe Giménez, and Caterina Longo. "First Survey of the Sponge Community of a Semi-Submerged Marine Cave along the Adriatic Apulian Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 4 (2024): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040682.

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Mediterranean marine caves have been categorized as both biodiversity reservoirs and vulnerable habitats. However, only a few studies have focused on Porifera assemblages within marine caves along the Adriatic Apulian coast (southern Italy). In this study, the sponge fauna of the Rondinella cave, a semi-submerged marine cave along the coast of Bari (Southern Adriatic Sea), was investigated for the first time. The use of advanced image analysis in combination with targeted sampling has made it possible to determine the spatial distribution and diversity of Porifera along a transect from the entrance to the end of the cave. Data analysis clustered the stations into two groups, separated according to the distance from the entrance and corresponding to the cave entrance and the semi-dark zone. Sponges were found at all stations covering a considerable part of the substrate, with the highest cover values occurring in the semi-dark zone. A total of 54 sponge taxa were identified: 49 Demospongiae, 3 Homoscleromorpha, and 2 Calcarea. Six species are new records for the Apulian marine caves, one species represents a new record for marine caves, and two species are new findings for the southern Adriatic Sea.

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23

Curiel, Daniele, Sandra Kraljević Pavelić, Agata Kovačev, Chiara Miotti, and Andrea Rismondo. "Marine Seagrasses Transplantation in Confined and Coastal Adriatic Environments: Methods and Results." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162289.

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The anthropogenic pressures of the twentieth century have seriously endangered the Mediterranean coastal zone; as a consequence, marine seagrass habitats have strongly retreated, mostly those of Posidonia oceanica. For this reason, over time, restoration programs have been put in place through transplantation activities, with different success. These actions have also been conducted with other Mediterranean marine seagrasses. The results of numerous transplanting operations conducted in the Northern Adriatic Sea and lagoons with Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Z. noltei and in the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea with P. oceanica (only within the project Interreg SASPAS), are herein presented and compared, taking also into account the presence of extensive meadows of C. nodosa, Z. marina and Z. noltei, along the North Adriatic coasts and lagoons.

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Ugarković, Pero, and Branko Dragičević. "Documenting the spatial and temporal expansion of grouper species in the eastern Adriatic Sea (Croatia) through local ecological knowledge of recreational fishermen." Naše more 70, no. 3 (2023): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2023/si4.

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Groupers are important predator marine fish species, and also economically important to commercial and recreational fisheries, but threatened by overfishing worldwide. The dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) is the most common species that historically occurred in the southern and central Eastern Adriatic, while other species were mostly restricted to the southern part of the region or were not recorded in the Adriatic Sea. However, the warming of the sea caused by recent climate change has caused some grouper species in the Eastern Adriatic to expand northward. This spread has been poorly documented, largely because rocky coastal habitats, which are less accessible to conventional research methods that often rely on specific fishing gears, have received far less attention than other more accessible habitats i.e. soft bottoms. Reports of recent grouper expansion are primarily anecdotal and mainly based on the extensive observations of recreational fishermen who mainly utilize rocky coastal habitats. In order to gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted a survey to investigate the distribution of groupers along the Croatian coast of the eastern Adriatic using the Local Ecological Knowledge methodology. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to record fishers' knowledge and perceptions of changes in their catches, as well as personal observations. The data collected provided information on the spatial and temporal expansion of groupers in the eastern Adriatic over the last 60 years, as perceived by local recreational fishermen.

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Mandic, Milica, Ana Pesic, Mirko Djurovic, Aleksandar Joksimovic, Ines Peras, and Branka Pestoric. "Ichthyoplankton community structure in Boka Kotorska Bay (Southern Adriatic Sea)." Studia Marina 32, no. 2 (2019): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3584250.

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The state of biodiversity reflects the degree of stability and persistence of ecosystems, especially in cases of significant direct or indirect anthropogenic impacts on marine environment. The early life stages of fishes at three locations in the area of marina Porto Montenegro were analyzed during spring and summer of 2016, 2017 and 2018 by monthly dynamics (March-August). The aim of this work is to compare the diversity of species with existing data, especially after the formation of the exclusive marina and to estimate possible impact on the distribution and species composition. Investigation shows dominance of anchovy (E. encrasicolus) and sand steenbras (Lithognatus mormyrus). Total ichthyoplankton abundance was lowest during 2017 when total abundance was in range from 4-24 eggs/larvae per m2 of sea surface, while during 2016 and 2018 total abundance was in range from 4-67 and 4-86 eggs/larvae per m2 of sea surface, respectively. It can be concluded that the anthropogenic impact most likely caused the changes that led to the change in composition of dominant species between years and the negligible spawning of anchovy in 2017. Results pointed out the necessity of introducing of more intense management and protection measures of pelagic fish species in the area of Boka Kotorska Bay.

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Njire, Jakica, Mirna Batistić, Vedrana Kovačević, Rade Garić, and Manuel Bensi. "Tintinnid Ciliate Communities in Pre- and Post-Winter Conditions in the Southern Adriatic Sea (NE Mediterranean)." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112329.

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The Southern Adriatic Sea is a dynamic region under the influence of diverse physical forces that modify sea water properties as well as plankton dynamics, abundance, and distribution in an intricate way. The most pronounced being: winter vertical convection, lateral exchanges between coastal and open sea waters, and the ingression of water masses of different properties into the Adriatic. We investigated the distribution and abundance of tintinnid species in this dynamic environment in pre- and post-winter conditions in 2015/2016. A strong ingression of the saline Levantine Intermediate Water, supported by the cyclonic mode of the North Ionian Gyre in 2015 and 2016, in December was associated with a high diversity of oceanic species. An unusual spatial distribution of neritic-estuarine species Codonellopsis schabi was observed in deeper layers along the analyzed transect, which emphasizes the strong influence of physical processes on deep water biology in the South Adriatic. A shift of population toward greater depths (mesopelagic) and modification of deep sea community structure was recorded in April as a consequence of the winter convection-driven sinking of tintinnids. Our findings indicate that tintinnid abundance and composition is heavily influenced by physical conditions and they are good indicators of the impact of physical forces, including climate changes, on marine environment.

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Prampolini, Mariacristina, Lorenzo Angeletti, Giorgio Castellan, et al. "Benthic Habitat Map of the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) from Object-Based Image Analysis of Multi-Source Acoustic Backscatter Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 15 (2021): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13152913.

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A huge amount of seabed acoustic reflectivity data has been acquired from the east to the west side of the southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea) in the last 18 years by CNR-ISMAR. These data have been used for geological, biological and habitat mapping purposes, but a single and consistent interpretation of them has never been carried out. Here, we aimed at coherently interpreting acoustic data images of the seafloor to produce a benthic habitat map of the southern Adriatic Sea showing the spatial distribution of substrates and biological communities within the basin. The methodology here applied consists of a semi-automated classification of acoustic reflectivity, bathymetry and bathymetric derivatives images through object-based image analysis (OBIA) performed by using the ArcGIS tool RSOBIA (Remote Sensing OBIA). This unsupervised image segmentation was carried out on each cruise dataset separately, then classified and validated through comparison with bottom samples, images, and prior knowledge of the study areas.

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Mihanović, H., M. Orlić, and Z. Pasarić. "Diurnal internal tides detected in the Adriatic." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 11 (2006): 2773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2773-2006.

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Abstract. Strong diurnal oscillations, documented by temperature data that were collected along a submarine cliff on the Lastovo Island (southern Adriatic), are studied and compared with sea level and wind measurements at Dubrovnik and Komiža (island of Vis). Three thermistors were deployed at the depths of 15, 22 and 36 m between March 2001 and March 2002. Pronounced diurnal temperature oscillations were detected at 15 and 22 m during the stratified season. The correlation between the sea surface and thermocline displacements was highest in June 2001, when diurnal wind changes were not significant, while diurnal sea level oscillations achieved annual maxima. Thermocline oscillations were in phase with sea level changes. The range of diurnal sea surface variability was close to 19 cm, while the range of corresponding thermocline variability was about 5.4 m. The findings summarize the outcome of the first dedicated study of internal tides in the Adriatic.

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Tutman, Pero, Jörg Freyhof, Jakov Dulčić, Branko Glamuzina, and Matthias Geiger. "Lampetra soljani, a new brook lamprey from the southern Adriatic Sea basin (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae)." Zootaxa 4273, no. 4 (2017): 531–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.4.4.

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Tutman, Pero, Freyhof, Jörg, Dulčić, Jakov, Glamuzina, Branko, Geiger, Matthias (2017): Lampetra soljani, a new brook lamprey from the southern Adriatic Sea basin (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae). Zootaxa 4273 (4): 531-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4273.4.4

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ĆOSOVIĆ, VLASTA, DUŠAN ZAVODNIK, ADRIANA BORČIĆ, JELENA VIDOVIĆ, SANDRA DEAK, and ALAN MORO. "A checklist of Foraminifera of the Eastern Shelf of the Adriatic Sea." Zootaxa 3035, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3035.1.1.

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The updated and annotated checklist includes all literature records of foraminiferal species from the Eastern Adriatic coastal region and their geographic occurrences. A total of 599 recent (altogether 693 named and unidentified species) foraminiferal species were reported, classified into 232 genera according to the Lee et al. (2000) and Loeblich and Tappan (1987) classification system. In the Northern Adriatic, 536 species grouped into 211 genera are recorded, in the Central Adriatic 153 genera and 296 species are found, and in the Southern part, 272 species within 133 genera are reported. The number of lessepsian species colonizing the coasts is relatively low, implying that a) indigenous species are good competitors, and b) abiotic conditions like water temperature and substrate are unfavorable.

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Lučić, Davor, Zrinka Ljubešić, Ivana Babić, et al. "Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea." Turkish Journal of Zoology 41, no. 6 (2017): 1024–35. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1702-17.

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Lučić, Davor, Ljubešić, Zrinka, Babić, Ivana, Bosak, Sunćica, Cetinić, Ivona, Vilibić, Ivica, Mihanović, Hrvoje, Hure, Marijana, Njire, Jakica, Lučić, Petra, Kružić, Petar (2017): Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology 41 (6): 1024-1035, DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1702-17, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1702-17

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ĆETKOVIĆ, ILIJA, PATRICK L. JAMBURA, ANA PEŠIĆ, ZDRAVKO IKICA, and ALEKSANDAR JOKSIMOVIĆ. "Observations of juvenile sandbar sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) around the Bojana River delta (Southern Adriatic Sea)." Mediterranean Marine Science 23, no. 4 (2022): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.30166.

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The sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) is considered rare in the Adriatic Sea and the majority of records originate from the northern Adriatic, where a nursery area for this species close to the Po delta system has been repeatedly proposed. This study provides 5 new records and analyses the previously published records of sandbar sharks recorded around the delta of the River Bojana (in Montenegro, in the south-eastern Adriatic). The River Bojana located on the border between Montenegro and Albania, is the second largest river flowing into the Adriatic Sea, where it forms a highly productive ecosystem already known as a local hotspot for smooth-hound sharks (Mustelus spp.). New records of sandbar sharks have emerged as a result of citizen science (a social media survey) and direct reports from fishermen. The total length of C. plumbeus juveniles ranged from approximately 800 mm to 1100 mm, and most (n=5) were caught by set gillnets. The data presented here show that juveniles are consistently present around the estuary and indicate the importance of this fragile estuarine ecosystem for sandbar sharks. Additionally, this study also provides morphometric data collected from a single individual.

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Paladini de Mendoza, Francesco, Katrin Schroeder, Leonardo Langone, et al. "Deep-Water Dynamics along the 2012–2020 Observations on the Continental Margin of the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071364.

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This work presents the results of long-term deep-water observations carried out in the southwestern Adriatic margin. Hydrodynamics and thermohaline measurements were carried out in the last 100 m of the water column using two long-term moorings placed at two different locations along the western sector of the Adriatic continental margin (open slope vs. submarine canyon). The observations, carried out over a period of almost 10 years, made it possible to define the intra- and interannual deep-water dynamics, which are mainly influenced by the passage of cold, dense water. The hydrodynamic field is influenced by seasonal behavior and varies from year to year, with no clear temporal trend or periodicity. Thermohaline properties follow hydrodynamics but also show a climatological trend toward higher temperatures and salinity. The combination and variability of preconditioning factors explains the interannual variability in dense water passage at the mooring sites triggering the formation of dense water in the northern Adriatic. The impulsive nature of the dense water flow, which is difficult to capture with sporadic oceanographic surveys, and its linkage with the large-scale atmospheric circulation make continuous monitoring essential to answer open questions about cascading processes and deep-water dynamics under a global change scenario.

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Dulčić, Jakov, Branko Dragičević, Pero Ugarković, and Pero Tutman. "Lampetra soljani, a new brook lamprey from the southern Adriatic Sea basin (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae)." Cybium 41, no. 1 (2017): 77–78. https://doi.org/10.15468/of5klf.

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Dulčić, Jakov, Dragičević, Branko, Ugarković, Pero, Tutman, Pero (2017): Lampetra soljani, a new brook lamprey from the southern Adriatic Sea basin (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae). Cybium 41 (1): 77-78, DOI: 10.15468/of5klf, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15468/of5klf

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Angeletti, L., M. Taviani, S. Canese, et al. "New deep-water cnidarian sites in the southern Adriatic Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 2 (2013): 263–73. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.558.

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Angeletti, L., Taviani, M., Canese, S., Foglini, F., Mastrototaro, F., Argnani, A., Trincardi, F., Bakran-Petricioli, T., Ceregato, A., Chimienti, G., Mačić, V., Abstract, A. Poliseno (2014): New deep-water cnidarian sites in the southern Adriatic Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science 15 (2): 263-273, DOI: 10.12681/mms.558, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.558

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Kolda, Anamarija, Zrinka Ljubešić, Ana Gavrilović, Jurica Jug-Dujaković, Kristina Pikelj, and Damir Kapetanović. "Metabarcoding Cyanobacteria in coastal waters and sediment in central and southern Adriatic Sea." Acta botanica Croatica 79, no. 2 (2020): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2020-021.

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Seasonal sampling of the seawater column and sediment in Adriatic coastal areas affected by various anthropogenic activities, primarily aquaculture, was conducted during 2017. In total, 32 samples from two sites (central and southern Adriatic) were analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This approach was selected to test the possibilities of using metabarcoding in studying marine cyanobacteria, exploring their ecology and potential as an indicator group in anthropologically stressed coastal environments. Additionally, physicochemical water column parameters, sediment granulometry and composition were assessed. Water column revealed a seasonal variation of amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) closely related to Cyanobium PCC-6307, Prochlorococcus MIT9313 and Synechococcus CC9902, as well as seasonal grouping of physico-chemical parameters in PCA analysis. Sediment analysis uncovered greater community richness of 13 cyanobacterial genera and two uncultured groups. The most abundant in sandy gravels and gravelly sand type of sediments were ASVs closely related to Pleurocapsa PCC-7319 and Xenococcus PCC-7305. Furthermore, identified cyanobacterial ASVs predominantly displayed similarity to isolates from tropical areas (e.g. Neolyngbya, Chroococcidiopsis, Trichodesmium, etc.), which could indicate the tropicalization process already ongoing in the fish fauna of the Adriatic Sea.

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Lipej, Lovrenc, Domen Trkov, Danijel Ivajnšič, et al. "Pojava volonje Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788.) u Tršćanskom zaljevu (sjeverni Jadran) s posebnim osvrtom na povijesne i nove zapise u Jadranskom moru." Acta Adriatica 63, no. 1 (2022): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.63.1.10.

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A specimen of a sixgill bluntnose shark, Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre, 1788), was caught 1.5 NM north of Cape Ronek (Izola, Slovenia) in a fishing net for large-sized flatfish (such as turbot) on 28 January 2018. Three other older cases of catch of sixgill bluntnose sharks were recorded in Slovenia and the Gulf of Trieste. Among these, the finding of the specimen in the Lagoon of Marano and Grado is unusual although there are reported cases of sixgill bluntnose sharks in rivers. An analysis of the available data on the bluntnose sixgill shark in the Adriatic Sea, obtained from different published papers, social media and other sources, was done to understand whether the occurrence of H. griseus in the northern Adriatic differs from other parts. A generalised linear model (GLM) approach revealed that larger specimens are more frequently sighted across the Adriatic Sea, while in the Northern Adriatic part, significantly smaller specimens (juveniles) were recorded in comparison to the Central and Southern parts. It seems that the bluntnose sixgill shark is not in conjunction with a common large shark decreasing trend across the whole Mediterranean Sea.

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Arapov, Jasna, Ivana Ujević, Živana Ninčević Gladan, et al. "Prvi nalaz proizvodnje domoične kiseline u kulturama vrste Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha iz srednjeg Jadrana." Acta Adriatica 61, no. 2 (2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.61.2.2.

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In this study, three isolates of the potentially toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia were analysed for morphological and toxicological features. Cultures of Pseudo-nitzschia were established from seawater samples collected from the southern part of the Velebit Channel (central Adriatic Sea) during February 2019. All culture isolates were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha. Domoic acid (DA) production was confirmed in all isolates analysed. The highest concentrations of cellular DA were found in early culture stages, with the lowest cell abundance, for all P. calliantha isolates. This study is the first to report DA production by P.calliantha isolated from the Adriatic Sea.

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Volpi, V., F. Forlin, F. Donda, et al. "Southern Adriatic Sea as a Potential Area for CO2Geological Storage." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 70, no. 4 (2014): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2014039.

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LUČIĆ, Davor, Zrinka LJUBEŠIĆ, Ivana BABIĆ, et al. "Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 41 (2017): 1024–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1702-17.

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Alteriis, Giovanni de, and Gemma Aiello. "Stratigraphy and tectonics offshore of Puglia (Italy, southern Adriatic Sea)." Marine Geology 113, no. 3-4 (1993): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(93)90020-v.

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D'ONGHIA, G., F. CAPEZZUTO, F. CARDONE, et al. "Macro- and megafauna recorded in the submarine Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic, Mediterranean Sea) using different tools." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (2015): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1082.

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Macro- and megafauna were recorded in the submarine Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea) during an oceanographic cruise carried out in May-June 2012 and an experimental fishing survey conducted in November 2013. During the former, a total of 20 benthic samples were taken using a Van Veen grab at depths between 268 and 770 m and 4 deployments of a baited lander, for about 43 hours of video records, were carried out at depths between 443 and 788 m. During the latter, 8 longline fishing operations were conducted from 338 down to 612 m. Eighty-five living benthic and benthopelagic species were recorded: 29 Porifera, 1 Cnidaria, 2 Mollusca, 11 Annelida, 1 Arthropoda, 19 Bryozoa, 3 Echinodermata and 19 Chordata. A total of 51 species are new records for the Bari Canyon, 29 new records for the Adriatic Sea. Among the Porifera Cerbaris curvispiculifer is a new addition for the Italian Sponge Fauna. The first certain record of living specimens for the bryozoan Crisia tenella longinodata is reported. A total of 6 Mediterranean endemic species have been identified: 4 Porifera and 2 Annelida. The bathymetric range of some species has been extended. New information acquired for deep sea species confirms their importance in the structure of cold-water coral communities. This study has updated the knowledge on the biodiversity of the Adriatic Sea, as well as of the Bari Canyon in particular, one of the sites designated as “jewels of the Mediterranean” for which urgent conservation measures are needed.

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Grbec, B., I. Vilibić, A. Bajić, et al. "Response of the Adriatic Sea to the atmospheric anomaly in 2003." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 4 (2007): 835–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-835-2007.

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Abstract. Unusual weather conditions over the southern Europe and the Mediterranean area in 2003 significantly impacted the oceanographic properties of the Adriatic Sea. To document these changes, both in the atmosphere and the sea, anomalies from the normal climate were calculated. The winter 2003 was extremely cold, whereas the spring/summer period was extremely warm. The air temperature in June was more than 3 standard deviations above the average. On the other hand, precipitation and river runoff were extremely low between February and August. The response of the sea was remarkable, especially in surface salinity during spring and summer, with values at least one standard deviation above the average. Analysis of thermohaline properties in the middle Adriatic showed the importance of two phenomena responsible for the occurrence of exceptionally high salinity: (1) enhanced inflow of saline Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) in the Adriatic, and (2) extremely low precipitation and river runoff, accompanied with strong evaporation. Two large-scale atmospheric indices: NAOI (North Atlantic Oscillation Index) and MOI (Mediterranean Oscillation Index), although generally correlated to the Adriatic climate, failed to describe anomalies in 2003. The air pressure gradients used for the definition of both indices significantly decreased in 2003 due to the presence of the high pressure areas over most of Europe and the northern Atlantic, and were actually responsible for the observed anomalies above and in the Adriatic.

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Isajlović, Igor, Branko Dragičević, Chiara Manfredi, Nedo Vrgoč, Corrado Piccinetti, and Jakov Dulčić. "Additional records of Norwegian skate Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881) (Pisces: Rajidae) in the Adriatic Sea." Acta Adriatica 61, no. 2 (2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.61.2.11.

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Additional records of the Norwegian skate Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)from the Adri-atic Sea are reported. Two specimens were collected in the southern Adriatic Pit in 2008 and 2010, respectively. The records reported herein improve our knowledge on the distribution of a rarely encountered, deep water species D. nidarosiensis, whose presence has only recently been confirmed in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Mačić, Vesna, Nikola Djordjevic, and Martina Orlando-Bonaca. "First implementation of the MediSkew index in the Cymodocea nodosa meadows of the Boka Kotorska Bay (Montenegro) and assessment of the ecological status." Studia Marina 37, no. 2 (2024): 5–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14499095.

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The seagrass Cymodocea nodosa is a protected species and one of the most important habitat engineers in the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, the assessment of the status of its meadows is of great importance for the planning of conservation measures, and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This is of special importance in the areas where Posidonia oceanica is not present or does not dominate, as it is the case of the Boka Kotorska. The MediSkew index which has already been successfully implemented in the northern Adriatic Sea was for the first time tested in the Boka Kotorska Bay (southern Adriatic Sea). First results show that the ecological status at five sites is very good and good, while the status at one site is moderate. Furthermore, the MediSkew index is applicable in different geographical areas and it is sensitive to different environmental conditions, so the application of this methodology is strongly recommended for further monitoring of Cymodocea meadows and assessment of the ecological status.

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KRŠINIĆ, FRANO, and GEOFF A. BOXSHALL. "New arietellid copepods (Calanoida, Arietellidae) from anchialine caves in the Eastern Adriatic Sea." Zootaxa 4951, no. 1 (2021): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.4.

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Two new species of calanoid copepods are described; Metacalanus adriaticus sp. nov. from an anchialine cave on Vis Island, and Paramisophria tvrtkovici sp. nov. from Orljak Cave, located in the lower part of River Krka estuary, near the town of Šibenik (Croatia). This is the first report of arietellid copepods found in any anchialine cave along the coast of the Adriatic Sea. In M. adriaticus sp. nov. the antennules are asymmetrical in both sexes (the female left antennule is 18-segmented, right 20-segmented; male left 16-segmented and right 20-segmented); the uniramous fifth legs of the female are 2-segmented; the terminal segment of the fifth leg in both sexes is the longest; and in the male the fifth leg exopod is 2-segmented. In P. tvrtkovici sp. nov. the antennules of both sexes are asymmetrical with the left antennule longer than the right, the female antennule is 21-segmented on both sides; the male left antennule is 19-segmented, the right 21-segmented; the armature of the terminal exopod segment of leg 1 is II, 2 ,2; the male fifth legs have a rudimentary endopod on the left leg, the third exopodal segment is smallest and bears three unequal processes on its outer margin, and the terminal spine is completely separated from the segment. On the right leg the third segment carries two short, unequal processes on its outer distal margin, as well as a long sigmoidal spine which is fused to the segment. It is inferred that, after the last glaciation, these new Arietellids moved out from their southern Adriatic refuge, colonizing first the anchialine habitats of the outer eastern Adriatic islands and then spreading along the coast.

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Arbuatti, Alessio, Alessandra Di Serafino, and Pia Lucidi. "First Report of the Thermophilic Thalassoma Pavo (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Central Adriatic Coast of Italy, in Abruzzo." Biology 13, no. 12 (2024): 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13120987.

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The Trabocchi Coast in the Chieti district of the mid-Adriatic (Italy) is one of the few rocky areas within the General Fisheries Commission GSA 17, alongside Mount Conero (Ancona 43°00′01″ N 13°52′13″ E) and the small San Nicola Rock (Ascoli Piceno; 43°32′0″ N 13°36′0″ E). This coastline is known for its biodiversity-rich bays, inlets, and submerged cliffs. Since 2015, annual biodiversity surveys have been conducted in the area, focusing on marine species richness and the identification of non-native species. In September 2024, a juvenile ornate wrasse (Thalassoma pavo) was documented for the first time in the middle Adriatic during an underwater visual survey at Trabocco Punta Torre, a key site along the Trabocchi Coast near artificial and biogenic reefs. This record extends the known distribution of T. pavo, a thermophilic species previously reported only along the southern Adriatic coast of Puglia. This is the first confirmed sighting on the middle and northern Adriatic coast of Italy. The discovery highlights the importance of ongoing biodiversity monitoring to track changes in marine ecosystems, particularly as the Adriatic Sea faces environmental shifts linked to climate warming. The presence of T. pavo in this area suggests the potential for the species to establish populations in previously uninhabited northern regions. Further research is needed to explore the role of biotic and abiotic factors—such as water temperature, current patterns, and habitat availability—in the survival and potential reproduction of T. pavo in the middle Adriatic. The observation contributes to the broader understanding of the meridionalization process in the Adriatic Sea, where rising water temperatures are facilitating the northward expansion of thermophilic species. Continuous monitoring is recommended to assess the long-term viability of T. pavo populations in the Adriatic Sea and better predict the impacts of ongoing climate change on marine biodiversity.

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Marelić, Tome. "Wind influence on sailing ship navigation across Croatian part of Adriatic Sea." Geoadria 21, no. 2 (2016): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.17.

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The paper is about characteristics analysis of major winds across the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea and their impact on organization of sailing ship navigation from prehistory until mid nineteenth century. Research area was divided into northern, middle and southern part of eastern Adriatic, and parameters for three prevailing winds – bora, jugo and mistral, were observed over four climatological seasons and also over annual average values on 18 main meteorological and climatological weather monitoring stations. Information generated from such data was intertwined with archaeological findings from the eastern Adriatic coast and historical writings that witness sailing across the area. Historical writings that were used consist of itineraries and some of the earliest nautical pilots written as a navigational aid for the area of the eastern Adriatic. The prime goal was to determine if there is a correlation between reconstructed sailing routes that existed in times when information about landscape and surrounding occurrences and processes (wind in this case) was collected by observation and contemporary measured data. It was also important to determine if navigation was affected by advances in nautical technology, particularly ship hull and sail construction, and navigation equipment.

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Kovačević, V., M. Gačić, G. Fusco, and V. Cardin. "Temporal evolution of thermal structures and winter heat content change from VOS-XBT data in the central Mediterranean Sea." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 1 (2003): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-63-2003.

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Abstract. Seasonal and year-to-year time evolution of the thermal structure, including the heat content change in the upper water column and its relationship with the surface net heat fluxes, have been studied at five locations in the central Mediterranean Sea. The study is based on temperature profiles collected during XBT surveys (eXpendable Bathy-Thermograph) carried out on ships of opportunity, in the framework of the MFSPP (Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project), between September 1999 and May 2001. The five investigated zones are located in the southern Adriatic, NW Ionian, southern and northern Tyrrhenian, and Ligurian Sea. Gradual erosion of the thermocline in autumn, formation of a mixed layer in winter, and the onset of the stratification in spring, are common properties of the temporal evolution of thermal structures at all five locations. Moreover, in the southern Adriatic, a deep convection took place down to about 600 m in winter 1999/2000. On the other hand, mild climatic conditions and small surface heat loss in autumn and winter 2000/2001 drastically reduced a mixing/convection depth which hardly reached 200 m. Simultaneously, the NW Ionian remained slightly stratified throughout the winter period. The heat storage rate in the upper portion of the water column (down to 450 m) is compared with the air-sea net heat flux at a monthly scale. A heat content decrease is determined by the surface heat loss, and the processes such as lateral advection, or upwelling of the colder waters through the base of the water column (for example, in the southern Adriatic and Ionian Seas). Elsewhere (for example, in the northern Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas), the upwelling does not contribute significantly to the heat balance within the water column, since the vertical temperature gradients in deeper layers are negligible. Key words. Oceanography: general (climate and interannual variability; descriptive and regional oceanography) – Oceanography: physical (air-sea interactions)

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Paladini de Mendoza, Francesco, Katrin Schroeder, Leonardo Langone, et al. "Deep-water hydrodynamic observations of two moorings sites on the continental slope of the southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea)." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 12 (2022): 5617–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5617-2022.

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Abstract. This work presents an 8-years-long dataset of monitoring activities conducted on the western margin of the southern Adriatic Sea where two moorings have been placed since 2012 in sites that are representative of different morpho-dynamic conditions of the continental slope (open slope vs. submarine canyon). The dataset includes measurements conducted with both current meters and conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) probes, and it provides information about the hydrodynamics and thermohaline properties of the last 100 m of the water column. The hydrodynamics in both sites are dominated by weak currents (< 0.1 m s−1) which undergo yearly to episodic pulsation able to exceed intensity greater than 0.5 m s−1, which are linked to the passage of dense waters. The 8-years records presented here represent a starting point for the continuous observation activity set up on occasion of the “Operation Dense Water” in 2012 focussed on the southern Adriatic deep-water dynamics. Since then, the observatory has been ongoing since 2012 and the database is regularly updated. All the data described here are made publicly available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6770201 (Paladini de Mendoza et al., 2022) and are compliant with the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Adriatic Sea'

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