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Abou-Douh, Ahmad M., Chihiro Ito, Rubén A. Toscano, Nariman Y. El-Baga, Ezz El-Din A. El-Khrisy, and Hiroshi Furukawa. "Prenylated Flavonoids from the Root of Egyptian Tephrosia apollinea – Crystal Structure Analysis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2005-0418.
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Three complex 7-oxygenated-8-prenylflavones, (-)-semiglabrin and (-)-pseudosemiglabrin, which are diastereoisomers, and lanceolatin A have been isolated from the root of Tephrosia apollinea (Del.) Link (Leguminosae) growing in Southern Egypt, together with two phytosterols, stigmasterol and sitosterol. The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated by means of physical and several spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR, DEPT, 2D 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC experiments, and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), as well as some chemical transformations. The stereochemistry of the structures of (-)-semiglabrin and lanceolatin A have been confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The anticarcinogenic properties of the isolated compounds showed no inhibitory mechanisms concerning the initiation, promotion, and progression stage of carcinogenesis. Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the root ethanolic extract are discussed
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Beckford, M., J. F. Garofalo, and Miami-Dade County. "A HISTORY OF SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENING—A REVIEW OF MABEL WHITE DORN AND MARJORY STONEMAN DOUGLAS' THE BOOK OF TWELVE FOR SOUTH FLORIDA GARDENS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 893d—893. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.893d.
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Published by the South FL Garden Club in 1928, when Mabel Dorn was president and Marjory Stoneman Douglas—famous for championing the protection of the Everglades—was garden editor of the Miami Herald, The Book of Twelve lists twelve tried and true flowering and shade trees, large to small shrubs, etc. for southern Florida, but also includes some plants which are now tried and true invasive species. The book was reviewed in July 2004 by the Univ. of Florida (FL)/Miami-Dade Florida Yards and Neighborhoods (FYN) Extension Agent in response to a request from a local garden club, which as a club project, had decided to re-print and distribute the book to its 100 members. Because it might encourage the use of invasive species, the review was discussed at a seminar on ecologically sustainable alternatives to invasive species. One recommended plant, Schinus terebinthefolius (Brazilian pepper) is now prohibited by the FL Dept of Environmental Protection and considered a noxious weed by the FL Dept of Agric and Consumer Services. The FL Exotic Plant Pest Council (FEPPC) considers five plants Category I invasives, i.e., exotics altering native plant communities, displacing natives, changing community structures or ecology, or hybridizing with natives. These include Lantana camara, Lonicera japonica, Abrus precatorius and Asparagus africanus. Ten plants are FEPPC Category II invasives, exotics increasing in abundance or frequency, but not yet altering plant communities as extensively as Category I species: Cestrum diurnum, Murraya paniculata, Sesbania punicea, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Jasminum sambac, Antigonon leptopus, Macfadyena unguis-cati, Asystasia gangetica, Wedelia trilobata, and Tradescantia fluminensis.
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Neumann Brebaum, S., and G. J. Boland. "First Report of Phoma herbarum and Phoma exigua as Pathogens of Dandelion in Southern Ontario." Plant Disease 83, no. 2 (February 1999): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.2.200c.
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Diseases of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) were surveyed in southern Ontario from 1993 to 1997 to identify promising pathogens for biological weed control. Two new pathogens of dandelion, Phoma herbarum Westend. and Phoma exigua Desm., were recovered and characterized from small necrotic lesions on dandelion foliage. Both Phoma spp. were frequently isolated from multiple locations and during various years of the survey, indicating that they were endemic and widespread on T. officinale in southern Ontario. Pathogenicity was assessed by inoculating detached leaves or seedlings with colonized agar disks (6 mm in diameter) or spore suspensions (1 × 106 conidia per ml). Inoculated leaves and seedlings were incubated at 22°C and 48 h of continuous leaf wetness. Lesion diameters were measured 3 days post-inoculation. Isolates that gave rise to necrotic lesions were reisolated from leaves and grown in pure culture. Their growth characteristics were compared with those of the initial isolate. Spores were ellipsoid, hyaline, and 5 × 2 μm for both species. Identification of representative isolates of both species was confirmed by the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Oosterstraat 1, 3742 SK Baarn, The Netherlands. This is the first report of these two species as pathogens of dandelion in North America (1,2). References: (1) I. L. Conners 1967. An Annotated Index of Plant Diseases in Canada. Research Branch, Canada Dept. Agric. Pub.1251. (2) D. F. Farr et al. 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
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Kahtz, Anthony. "Impact of Environmental Education Classes at Missouri Botanical Garden on Attitude and Knowledge Change of Elementary School Children." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 504E—504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.504e.
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Two environmental education classes at Missouri Botanical Garden, “The Water Cycle: Making a Terrarium” and “The Tropical Rainforest,” were evaluated to determine their effects upon attitude and knowledge change of elementary school children. A pre-test post-test design was used to compare experimental and control groups. Data indicated that The Water Cycle: Making a Terrarium class had a positive influence on attitudes toward learning about plants and the environment; The Tropical Rainforest class had no effect. Neither of the classes significantly affected the children's attitudes toward interacting with the environment. Both classes increased the knowledge base of participating children. There were no differences between male and female attitudes or knowledge in either class. Nonformal learning experiences of this type may be a more effective means of stimulating horticultural interest among younger children than traditional classroom settings. [Affiliation. The research was conducted at Southern Illinois Univ. in the Plant and Soil Science Dept.]
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Harley, James. "Addendum." Tempo, no. 212 (April 2000): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200007671.
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I am writing to provide further information in response to inquiries about my recent article on performance issues in Gorecki's music (Tempo 211). The symposium I referred to, at which the composer was present, was titled ‘The Gorecki Phenomenon’, and, in addition to my own, included presentations by Adrian Thomas, Luke Howard, David Kopplin, Mark Swed, and Maria Anna Harley, who organized and chaired the event (and translated the commentaries of Mr Gorecki, who had much to say). This session, along with entire ‘Gorecki Autumn’ at the University of Southern California, was organized to celebrate the endowement of the Directorship of the Polish Music Reference Center by Dr Stefan and Mrs Wanda Wilk, founders of this important resource on Polish music in North America (the website can be consulted at http://www.usc.edu/dept/polishmusic/). A book collecting the research presented at this symposium, along with the lectures and interviews given by the composer during his time in Los Angeles, is forthcoming, edited by Ms Harley.
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Polizzi, G., A. Vitale, and G. Parlavecchio. "First Report of Southern Blight Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on Laurustinus." Plant Disease 88, no. 3 (March 2004): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.310b.
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Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.), native to the Mediterranean Region, is an evergreen shrub commonly used as a specimen shrub or small tree or used in border plantings. During August 2003, a blight occurred on 2-year-old-plants of laurustinus growing in pots in a nursery in eastern Sicily (Italy). Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 5% across the field. Symptoms included 3 to 4 cm long lesions and the development of white mycelial strands and brown, 1.0 to 1.8 mm, nearly spherical sclerotia on the crown of plants at the soil line that are typical of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The foliage of infected plants wilted, followed by a sudden collapse of the plant. The fungus was consistently isolated on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) (pH 4.5) by plating symptomatic tissues that were surface disinfested (1.2% NaOCl) for 1 min. and rinsed in sterile water. Pathogenicity tests were performed by sprinkling 50 sclerotia, obtained from infected oat kernels (2), on the soil surface around the collar of each of 10 healthy, potted 1-year-old plants of laurustinus. Five of the plants were previously wounded on the crown 1.5 cm above or below the soil line with a sterile needle. Five noninoculated plants served as controls. All plants were maintained at 25 ± 2°C and enclosed for 72 hr in polyethylene bags (90 to 95% relative humidity). Blight symptoms similar to those seen in nursery were observed on inoculated plants 20 to 25 days after inoculation, while no symptoms developed on control plants. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolation of the fungus on acidified PDA from all infected laurustinus plants. S. rolfsii was previously recorded on Prague viburnum (Viburnum × pragense L.) as the causal agent of southern blight (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of southern blight caused by S. rolfsii on laurustinus. References: (1) A. Hagan. Southern blight on flowers, shrubs, and trees. On-line publication ANR-1157. Alabama A & M, and Auburn University ( www.aces.edu/dept/extcomm/publications/html ). (2) R. Rodriguez-Kabana et al. Plant Dis. Rep. 59:5, 1975.
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Lohani, Ishwar. "Trotting down the memory lane." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v20i2.24373.
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Born on 1962 at Kamaladi, Kathmandu, Prof Ishwar Lohani completed School Leaving Certificate from St. Xavier’s School. Lalitpur. followed by Senior Cambridge ‘O’ Level from Cambridge University 1980 and Proficiency Certificate Level from Amrit Science Campus. 1984.
He did B. Muse. (Sangeet Prabhakar) in Tabala from Kalanidhi Sangit Manavidyalaya under Prayag Sangit Samiti, Allahabad. 1983.
He completed M.B.B.S Degree from Madurai Medical College under Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. 1991 and MS General Surgery from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India. 1994.
After completion of M.Ch. Plastic Surgery from PGIMER, Chandigarh, India in 1997, he worked initially as a Senior Medical Officer for few months and later as Senior Resident in the Dept. of Surgery, Chandigarh Medical College. He completed fellowship in Plastic Surgery as PSEF International fellow from University of Southern California, Los Angeles and California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco May 2001 to Feb 2002 under Dr. Randy Sherman and Dr. Bryant Toth. He later did fellowship in Plastic Surgery through the Scottish Foundation for Surgery in Nepal at St. John’s Hospital, Livingstone and Canniesburn Hospital Glasgow, England from Jan 17, 2003 to Feb 28, 2003 under Dr. Auf Quaba and Dr. David Soutar.
Presently working as Professor and Head of Department, Dept. of Plastic Surgery and Burns at the T.U. Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. He has been involved in the training of MBBS, MS (General Surgery) and MCh Plastic surgery graduates at the Maharajgung Medical Campus.
He served as the President of the International College of Surgeons (ICS) Nepal Section; General Secretary of Association of Plastic Surgeons of Nepal (APSON). He has been member of Society of Surgeons of Nepal since 1996 and has contributed a lot in the activities of the society. He has presented in numerous National and International conferences and has numerous publications in international and national journals as well. He served as the Chief Editor of the Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 2008 – 2014.
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Cedeño, Espinosa, Andrade, Cartuche, and Malagón. "Novel Flavonoid Glycosides of Quercetin from Leaves and Flowers of Gaiadendron punctatum G.Don. (Violeta de Campo), used by the Saraguro Community in Southern Ecuador, Inhibit α-Glucosidase Enzyme." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234267.
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Gaiadandendron punctatum G.Don. (violeta de campo) is a plant used in traditional medicine by the Saraguro people, an ancient indigenous group that lives in southern Ecuador. From samples collected in the region, six glycoside flavonoids, five with quercetin and one with kaempferol as aglycon, were isolated and characterized from hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves and flowers. Rutin (2) was found in flowers and leaves, nicotiflorin (1) was found in flowers, artabotryside A (3) was found in leaves, and three novel quercetin flavonoid glycosides were isolated, elucidated, and characterized via 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY), acid hydrolysis–derivatization–GC-MS analysis, HPLC-MS, IR, UV, and optical rotation. The new quercetin flavonoid glycosides were named hecpatrin (4) (isolated from leaves), gaiadendrin (5) (isolated from leaves), and puchikrin (6) (isolated from flowers). The hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves presented antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis and the hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers was active against Micrococcus luteus. However, glycoside flavonoids presented scarce antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers and their secondary metabolites showed inhibition against the α-glucosidase enzyme at different concentrations. Rutin, gaiadendrin, and nicotiflorin showed competitive α-glucosidase inhibition, while hecpatrin presented non-competitive inhibition.
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Lamberts, Mary, and Judy Nothdurft. "177 A Voluntary Retrofit Program for Open Mix-load Wells in Dade County, Florida." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 472E—472. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.472e.
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Southeastern Florida is underlain by the Biscayne Aquifer, an officially designated “drinking water quality aquifer.” This is the sole source of water for the more than 3.5 million residents of metropolitan Miami-Fort Lauderdale. Due to the unique nature of the soils in southern Dade County, Fla., most agricultural wells for both irrigation and mix-load activities have been exempt from casing and capping requirements. Wells associated with U-Pic stands need to be capped if children are allowed in fields. The county's Dept. of Environmental Resources Management (DERM) began a study of mix-load wells in the late 1980s. They concluded that surface materials, including agrichemicals, could drain directly into the aquifer. This was particularly true in vegetable fields because most are on leased land. In the mid 1990s, a program to develop voluntary guidelines to retrofit these mix-load wells was begun. Several growers met with DERM, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Extension, to finalize three basic designs. Extension hosted meetings and reviewed the brochure describing the retrofit program. In 1996, one area came under close scrutiny by the U.S. EPA for potential point-source pollution. These growers were made aware of the program and have retrofitted at least 95% of the wells in the most environmentally sensitive area.
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Zimmerman, Thomas W., and Jacqueline Kowalski. "321 Conservation of an Endangered Virgin Islands Orchid Species through Tissue Culture." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 447D—447. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.447d.
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The Sandy Point Orchid (Psychilis macconelliae) is listed as an endangered orchid species by the U.S. Virgin Islands Dept. of Planning and Natural Resources. This orchid grows naturally on the southern dry and wind-swept slopes found on the east-end of St. Croix. It can be found growing among cacti and bromeliads. Due to disturbance to the native habitat from land development, private collectors, and natural disasters, the population has diminished. Tissue culture is being successfully used in a conservation effort for this endangered species. Maturing seed pods were collected and surface disinfested and established in vitro. The medium consisted of one half Murashige & Skoog salts, Nitsch & Nitsch vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, 2 g/L soy peptone, 5 g/L activated charcoal and 8 g/L agar. Seeds were spread on the medium in 15 × 100-mm petri plates and grown at 25 °C under a 16-h photoperiod. Seed germination occurred within 2 months with the development of protocorms. Leaves and roots developed by 5 months, at which time they were separated and transferred to fresh medium. At 8 months, they were established in a greenhouse and released back into their environment within 12 months. In vitro germination of the Sandy Point Orchid seed is an effective way of conserving this endangered species.
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Budimansyah, Budimansyah, Baharuddin Baharuddin, and Hamdani Hamdani. "Mapping of Substrate Categories Changes in Exposure to Coral Reefs Using Alos Avnir-2 and Spot 7 Images in The South Area of Kotabaru District." TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/twj.v5i2.75.
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The South of Pulau Laut is an area in the which is included in the Coral Triangle and Aquatic Conservation Areas. The purpose of this study was to map changes in the extent of coral reefs based on the class of substrate categories and objects on exposure to coral reefs in the southern waters of Sea Island within 6 years from 2011- 2017 using SPOT 7 satellite imagery in 2017 and AVNIR ALOS-2 in 2011. Using the method of Lyzenga Dept Index for basic invariant detection of waters. Based on the results of substrate-based classification using both satellite images overlaye, there has been a decline for the coral category as much as -19.21 ha, seagrass and algae as much as -3.57 ha. On the Contrary, the category of open substrate has Increased by 22.77 ha. Object-based classification results using the Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) method have a reduction in area for the hard coral category (HC) of -1.66 ha, hard sand mixed with sand (HC S) of -15.99 ha, dead coral overgrown with algae and sand (DCA S) of -0.39 ha, algae and seagrass (FS) covering an area of -1.65 ha, sand-mixed coral fragments (RS) of 4:45 ha. On the other hand, there was an increase of in the area.
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London, Jason B., Ted Whitwell, and R. T. Fernandez. "149 An Overview of the Clemson University/Carolina Nurseries Research Partnership." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 467D—467. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.467d.
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In 1993, Carolina Nurseries and the Dept. of Horticulture at Clemson Univ. entered into a partnership for a research and development program to solve short- and long-term production problems in the ornamental nursery industry. Carolina Nurseries, located near Charleston, S.C., is a 110-ha commercial container-grown landscape plant nursery that sells >12 million units yearly. Research is conducted on site in a specially designed area that provides nursery conditions and control of other variables, including water and pesticide applications. An on-site graduate student works cooperatively with faculty on campus and manages the research area, collects data, maintains the projects using standard nursery practices, interacts with Carolina Nurseries personnel, and initiates needed studies. Over the past 6 years, research diversity increased with cooperative efforts from faculty in the Depts. of Entomology, Pathology, and Agricultural Engineering. In addition, cooperative studies with faculty members with Univ. of Georgia, Michigan State Univ., and North Carolina State Univ. have been completed. Research results were presented to the nursery industry at research update meetings at the research area site. Approximately 200 attendees from commercial nurseries and horticulture-related companies in surrounding states attended the 1998 research update. Surveys collected at research updates are helpful in tailoring research to the specific needs of the nursery industry, and are the basis for some of the current research projects. Research results are also in published in the Southern Nursery Association Research Proceedings, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, and The South Carolina Nurseryman Newsletter.
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Sinha, D. D., A. N. Singh, and U. S. Singh. "Site Suitability Analysis for Dissemination of Salt-tolerant Rice Varieties in Southern Bangladesh." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-961-2014.
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Bangladesh is a country of 14.4 million ha geographical area and has a population density of more than 1100 persons per sq. km. Rice is the staple food crop, growing on about 72 % of the total cultivated land and continues to be the most important crop for food security of the country. A project "Sustainable Rice Seed Production and Delivery Systems for Southern Bangladesh" has been executed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in twenty southern districts of Bangladesh. These districts grow rice in about 2.9 million ha out of the country’s total rice area of 11.3 million ha. The project aims at contributing to the Government of Bangladesh’s efforts in improving national and household food security through enhanced and sustained productivity by using salinity-, submergence- and drought- tolerant and high yielding rice varieties. Out of the 20 project districts, 12 coastal districts are affected by the problem of soil salinity. The salt-affected area in Bangladesh has increased from about 0.83 million ha in 1973 to 1.02 million ha in 2000, and 1.05 million ha in 2009 due to the influence of cyclonic storms like "Sidr", "Laila" and others, leading to salt water intrusion in croplands. <br><br> Three salinity-tolerant rice varieties have recently been bred by IRRI and field tested and released by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). These varieties are BRRI dhan- 47 and Bina dhan-8 and - 10. However, they can tolerate soil salinity level up to EC 8−10 dSm<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the EC of soils in several areas are much higher. Therefore, a large scale dissemination of these varieties can be done only when a site suitability analysis of the area is carried out. The present study was taken up with the objective of preparing the site suitability of the salt-tolerant varieties for the salinity-affected districts of southern Bangladesh. Soil salinity map prepared by Soil Resources Development Institute of Bangladesh shows five classes of salinity. viz., non-saline with some very slight saline soil, very slightly saline with some slight saline soil, slightly saline with some moderately saline soil, strongly saline with some moderately saline soil, and very strongly saline with some strongly saline soil. The soil EC level of different classes range from 2 dSm<sup>−1</sup> to >16 dSm<sup>−1</sup>. The soil map was geo-referenced and digitized using Arc GIS. Salinity tolerance characteristics of the rice varieties were matched with the soil characteristics shown on the map. Three suitability classes were made; soils suitable for salt-tolerant varieties, not suitable for salt-tolerant varieties due to high soil salinity, and suitable for other high yielding varieties due to slight salinity. The <i>mauza</i> (smallest revenue unit) boundary provided by the Bangladesh Agriculture Research Council was also geo-referenced and digitized in the same projection. Overlaying and intersecting the <i>mauza</i> boundary on the soil suitability map provided the suitable and not suitable <i>mauza</i>. A total of 4070 mauzas in the 12 salinity-affected districts were listed and maps showing suitability of <i>mauza</i> prepared. About 0.6 million ha out of total 0.87 million ha salinity affected area were found suitable for growing the salinity-tolerant BRRI dhan-47, Bina dhan-8 and -10 in these districts. The maps and other generated information have helped the Dept. of Agriculture Extension (DAE) of Bangladesh in large scale dissemination of seeds of the salinity-tolerant rice varieties in different districts during the past two years.
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Nonye-Enyidah, Esther I., Ibiebelem A. Jumbo, Nonyenim S. Enyidah, Ebbi D. Robinson, and Mazi Eke C. Ejikem. "Side effects and discontinuation rate of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in a tertiary hospital, southern Nigeria." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 4834. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205217.
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Background: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) also known as depo provera is a highly effective, safe and long-lasting reversible contraceptive with side effects that may cause discontinuation amongst acceptors. Objective was to determine the prevalence rate, side effects, discontinuation rate and indications for discontinuation of DMPA at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 874 clients attending family planning clinic at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019. Their records were retrieved from the clinic and reviewed. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY).Results: One hundred and one clients accepted DMPA out of 874 acceptors of contraceptives within the study period giving a prevalence rate of 11.6%. The modal age group was 25-29 years accounting for 31 (30.7%). Age range was 19-47 years and the modal parity was para 2. Majority of the clients had formal education, 100 (99%), married, 94 (93.1%) and multipara 61 (60.4%). The discontinuation rate was 32.7% and the commonest reasons for discontinuation were secondary amenorrhoea and irregular vaginal bleeding with each contributing 24.2%.Conclusions: The prevalence and discontinuation rates of Depo provera were low. Secondary amenorrhoea and irregular vaginal bleeding were the commonest side effects and reasons for discontinuation.
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Jaggar, Alison M. "A Feminist Critique of the Alleged Southern Debt." Hypatia 17, no. 4 (2002): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2002.tb01076.x.
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Neoliberal globalization has deepened the impoverishment and marginalization of many women. This system is maintained by the debt supposedly owed by many poor nations in the global South to a few rich nations in the global North, because the obligation to service the debt traps the people of the South within an economic order that severely disadvantages them. I offer several reasons for thinking that many of these alleged debt obligations are not morally binding, especially on Southern women.
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Ho, A., J. R. White, J. B. Owen, A. Trentham-Dietz, and J. F. Wilson. "Geographic disparity in the use of surgical management (SM) and radiotherapy (RT) for female breast cancer (BC) in Wisconsin (WI)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.209.
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209 Background: The WICaRE Program is a part of the cross sectional Patterns of Care Study–Breast and Prostate (PoC-BP) that sought to evaluate the patterns of BC care in the state WI and to identify areas for potential improvement in data collection and factors associated with variation in care. This study was to examine the geographic disparities in SM and the use of RT in female BC patients diagnosed in WI in 2004. Methods: The Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System (WCRS) receives reports from 130+ facilities. Information of patient (disease status, sociodemographic, treatment, county of residence) was obtained from cancer registries and supplemental data was reabstracted from medical charts across 66 counties. Geographic regions were counties grouped by WI Dept. of Health Services (DHS) as Northeastern (NE), Northern (N), Southeastern (SE), Southern (S), Western (W). Results: A total of 1037 cases were reported. 25% age 20-49, 49% age 50-69, and 28% age 70+; Caucasian had 82%, black 10% and others 8%. 34% had T1 stage, 9% T2, 4% T3+, and 53% TX-T0/unknown stage. 46% had reported mild comorbidity, 9% had moderate or severe comorbidity. Majority (73%) lived in the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). 29% patients from NE region, 10% from N, 36% SE, 17% S and 8% W. Patients in the S and W had significantly lower % who received RT (46 and 48% respectively) than those in NE (61%), N (62%) and SE (63%), p=0.01; % mastectomy (MA) by regions were 43% (NE), 42% (N), 33% (SE), 47% (S) and 35% (W), p=0.009. Multivariate models adjusting for disease status, comorbidity, and sociodemographic factors showed that patients in MSA region were more likely to have RT compared to those in non-MSA (odds ratio, OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.14-2.40), but those in S were less likely than those in SE (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.38-0.91). Patients in MSA had a decreased likelihood of undergoing mastectomy. NE (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.08-2.29) and S (OR= 2.04, 95%CI=1.31-3.17) had significantly higher odds of having MA than those in SE. Conclusions: This study showed evidence of geographic disparity in medical care for BC patients in Wisconsin. Identifying factors mediating this disparity will help in developing appropriate treatment options and improving outcomes.
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Polishchuk, Yevheniia, Anna Kornyliuk, Inna Lopashchuk, and Alina Pinchuk. "SMEs debt financing in the EU: on the eve of the coronacrisis." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.08.
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SMEs are the main drivers of economic development. As the debt crisis and coronavirus crisis show, despite their importance, they are extremely sensitive to economic downturns. Therefore, SMEs need to be supported through various tools. The paper is aimed at evaluating the SMEs’ bank and governmental support in the northern and southern EU countries in two crisis periods and assessing the financial state of SMEs on the eve of coronacrisis using micro-level data. It was proved that bank loans and credit lines remain the main sources of SMEs’ financing. After the debt crisis, banks are becoming more loyal to SMEs.It was proved that SMEs from the northern EU countries suffered less from the previous crisis and therefore started their recovery earlier than the southern ones in terms of profitability, liquidity and debt burden. In addition, it was shown that both groups on the eve of the new turbulence period were in better financial state compared to the previous debt crisis. The southern EU countries suffered more from both crises. At the same time, due to effective governmental support and bank loyalty, their SMEs entered the coronacrisis at the same level of financial stability as the northern ones. Since the new support measures are concentrated primarily in the banking sector through loan guarantee schemes and reduced interest rates, it is essential to provide debt financing to high-quality borrowers and avoid the debt crisis in southern counties.
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Gaspar, Miguel B., Luis M. Chícharo, Paulo Vasconcelos, Alexandra García, Ana R. Santos, and Carlos C. Monteiro. "Depth segregation phenomenon in Donax trunculus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) populations of the Algarve coast (southern Portugal)." Scientia Marina 66, no. 2 (June 30, 2002): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n2111.
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Faske, Travis R., and Michael Emerson. "Multiyear Evaluation of Fungicide Efficacy and Application Timing for Control of Southern Rust in Hybrid Corn in Arkansas." Plant Disease 105, no. 4 (April 2021): 1108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-20-1247-re.
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The efficacy and timing of eight foliar fungicides to manage southern rust of corn (caused by Puccinia polysora Underwood) was investigated over 4 years in three field experiments. Each experiment consisted of one-, two-, or three-fungicide application timings at tassel, milk, or dent growth stages with quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), demethylation inhibitor (DMI), or QoI + DMI fungicides. Each year trace amounts of southern rust were observed in the field at tassel, except in 2018, when rust was not observed until physiological maturity. Southern rust severity on ear leaf and two leaves above the ear leaf was approximately 50, 35, 75, and 0% at dent in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Applications that contained a QoI or QoI + DMI fungicide provided greater southern rust control than DMI fungicides, with little variation within fungicide classes. Applications of QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel provided greater disease control (52.5%) than those applied at milk (5.8%) or dent (1.4%), and greater yield protection (40.4%) than those applied at milk (23.7%) or dent (2.6%) when final rust development was severe (>40%). When rust development increased later in the season, after milk growth stage, a trend of better disease control was observed with fungicides applied at milk (57.8%) compared with tassel (35.2%), but grain yield protection was similar, with an average yield protection of 7.4%. There was no yield benefit with fungicides applied in the absence of disease or at the dent growth stage. Southern rust was most effectively managed with QoI or QoI + DMI fungicides applied at tassel when southern rust was present and environmental conditions favored rust development.
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Millard, Scott. "National Clearinghouse for Paraeducator Resources: Paraeducator Pathways into Teaching201018Edited by Michael Genzuk. National Clearinghouse for Paraeducator Resources: Paraeducator Pathways into Teaching. URL: www.usc.edu/dept/education/CMMR/Clearinghouse.html: Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California Last visited July 2009. Gratis." Reference Reviews 24, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504121011011905.
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Stewart, J. P. "Uncertainty of Southern California Basin Depth Parameters." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120050016.
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Rogers, P. J., T. M. Ward, L. J. McLeay, M. Lowry, R. J. Saunders, and D. Williams. "Reproductive biology of blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus, off southern and eastern Australia: suitability of the Daily Egg Production Method for stock assessment." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 2 (2009): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07158.
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The present study investigated the reproductive biology of blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) off southern and eastern Australia and assessed the suitability of the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for future stock assessment. This analysis revealed that S. australasicus is a serial spawner with asynchronous oocyte development and indeterminate fecundity. S. australasicus spawns between November and April off southern Australia and between July and October off eastern Australia. In southern Australia, ~50% of males and females were mature at 236.5 and 286.8 mm fork length (FL), respectively. Size at ~50% maturity could not be estimated reliably for eastern Australia owing to the smaller proportion of mature fish in samples. Mean spawning frequencies ranged from 2 to 11 days off southern Australia. Batch fecundity was related to fish size and mean batch size was 69 894 ± 4361 oocytes per batch and 134 oocytes per g of weight. The timing and duration of the spawning season, size at maturity, spawning frequency and batch fecundity of S. australasicus off southern Australia were consistent with those of S. japonicus in the northern Pacific Ocean. The present study’s estimates of adult reproductive parameters of S. australasicus off southern Australia were suitable for the application of the DEPM for estimating spawning biomass. Collecting representative samples of mature fish from waters off eastern Australia during the spawning season is a high priority for future stock assessment of this species.
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Antentas, Josep Maria, and Esther Vivas. "The Scissors of Debt: Comments from Southern Europe." WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 42, no. 1-2 (2014): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2014.0015.
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Youssof, M., H. Thybo, I. M. Artemieva, and A. Levander. "Moho depth and crustal composition in Southern Africa." Tectonophysics 609 (December 2013): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.09.001.
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Herriot, Peter, and Kamran Kheirani. "Survey of Depot Antipsychotic Prescribing in Southern Adelaide." Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 3 (September 2005): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02196.x.
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Objective: Depot antipsychotic medication (DAP) is widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine whether DAP was being prescribed in accordance with established guidelines in terms of dose, interval of administration and indications; and (ii) assess the quality of the assessment and documentation of tardive dyskinesia (TD) as well as blood glucose and lipid abnormalities. Methods: The survey was carried out between April and June 2003 at all three public hospital affiliated community mental health centres located in the southern region of Adelaide. Data were extracted from three sources: depot prescription charts, community mental health service case notes and hospital case notes. Results: Two hundred and sixty-one patients were receiving DAP. The majority (89%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The DAP prescribed most frequently was zuclopenthixol decanoate (57%) at a modal dose of 200 mg and a modal administration interval of 2weeks. Fifty-three per cent of patients had at least one dose reduction during the course of treatment. Four per cent of patients had a case note documented diagnosis of TD. Fifty-seven per cent of patients had at least one blood glucose test in the past year, with nearly half showing high results. Forty-seven per cent of patients had at least one lipid study in the past year, with more than half having high total cholesterol and 22% having high triglycerides. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that DAP is being used mostly for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders, which is in agreement with established evidence-based guidelines. The finding of at least one documented attempt at DAP dose reduction or extension of interval of administration in approximately half of the patients receiving DAP is encouraging and may have an impact on reducing the likelihood of TD. A formal TD surveillance programme using a screening tool such as the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale is recommended. In addition, more frequent evaluation of blood glucose and lipid levels is needed.
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Jaggar, Alison M. "A Feminist Critique of the Alleged Southern Debt." Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy 17, no. 4 (October 2002): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/hyp.2002.17.4.119.
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Jaggar, Alison M. "A Feminist Critique of the Alleged Southern Debt." Hypatia 17, no. 4 (2002): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hyp.2002.0078.
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Simpson, Janelle, and Roger Cant. "Depth to Basement calculation in Southern Thomson, QLD." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2013, no. 1 (December 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2013ab220.
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Menguy, Séverine. "Efficiency of Demand Shocks in Order to Reduce Current Account Imbalances in the EMU." ISRN Economics 2013 (November 7, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/787352.
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With the current European sovereign public debt crisis and current account imbalances difficulties in the EMU, many papers now underline that the problem of the European construction is its lack of institutional framework and common economic governance necessary to make a monetary union viable. According to these papers, the solution would lie in a stronger economic cooperation, with the Northern European countries contributing to lighten the burden of the Southern debtor countries. In this context, our model shows that a symmetric positive demand shock in the EMU could only slightly reduce the external indebtedness of the Southern European countries but would efficiently reduce their public debt levels. To the contrary, an asymmetric positive demand shock in the creditor Northern European countries (e.g., an increase in German wages) could reduce the current account deficits of the Southern European countries, in particular for countries with the highest openness to trade. Nevertheless, it would worsen the indebtedness levels, and it would also increase the recessionary risks in these countries.
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Gonçalves, Patrícia, Ana Maria Costa, and Alberto G. Murta. "Estimates of batch fecundity and spawning fraction for the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in ICES Division IXa." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp066.
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Abstract Gonçalves, P., Costa, A. M., and Murta, A. G. 2009. Estimates of batch fecundity, and spawning fraction for the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in ICES Division IXa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 617–622. Since 1995 the annual egg production method has been applied triennially to the southern stock of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Northeast Atlantic (ICES Division IXa). This method assumes that fecundity is determinate, but increasing evidence indicates that horse mackerel are indeterminate spawners. The daily egg production method (DEPM) does not rely on the assumption of determinate fecundity, making it the appropriate method for this species. Therefore, we reanalysed samples collected from previous surveys (2002, 2004, 2005, and 2007) to obtain estimates for batch fecundity and spawning fraction, which are important DEPM parameters. The estimates of batch fecundity are around 200 oocytes g−1 of female (total ovary-free weight). Several criteria were used to estimate spawning fraction (migratory nucleus stage, hydrated oocytes, and post-ovulatory follicles) and all showed the same trend among years, varying between 0.10 and 0.30 d−1. The estimates were significantly different among methods, but those differences were similar across surveys, indicating that a consistent bias would be reflected in the final spawning-stock biomass (SSB) estimates obtained from the DEPM. Until further information is available regarding the accuracy of the criteria used to estimate spawning fraction, the southern horse mackerel SSB estimates from the DEPM should only be taken as indicative of trends rather than measures of absolute abundance.
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Warlenius, Rikard. "Decolonizing the Atmosphere: The Climate Justice Movement on Climate Debt." Journal of Environment & Development 27, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496517744593.
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A central concept raised by the climate justice movement is climate debt. Here, the claims and warrants of the movement support for climate debt is identified through an argumentation analysis of their central manifestos. It is found that the climate debt claim is understood as primarily restorative, in the sense that the environmental space of the developing countries must be returned, “decolonized.” The damage caused by climate change also gives rise to a compensatory adaptation debt. The result is compared with an earlier study on ecological debt. Both concepts are framed within an unjust power relation between North and South, but there are differences. Ecological debt is mainly analyzed in terms of an unjust economic exploitation, which is congenial with its use as an argument for cancellation of Southern external debts; climate debt is rather seen as a violation of communal rights and territories, an argument for climate justice.
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Golovleva, Irina, Pia Lundberg, Erik Forestier, and Anders Wahlin. "Copy Number Variations In Acute Leukemia with Cytogenetically Detected 11q23 Rearrangements." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4835.4835.
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Abstract Abstract 4835 The chromosomal alterations at 11q23 locus with involvement of the MLL gene (mixed-lineage leukemia) represent one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in acute leukemia associated with a poor prognosis. MLL is known as a promiscuous gene with 54 partner genes described in 73 recurrent translocations. Translocations of this gene are often visibly balanced without loss or gain of genetic material and their prognostic impact is well defined, but deletions of the same region are less frequent with limited information about their significance. The techniques used for detection of MLL rearrangements are well established and represent conventional chromosome analysis, FISH, Southern blot and RT-PCR. In our study we aimed to define breakpoints of the 11q deletions and study whether additional to cytogenetically balanced cryptical rearrangements at 11q23 are present in acute leukemia using array CGH. Rearrangements and deletions of the 11q23 locus were identified by G-banding and FISH in 56 cases of acute leukemia in the Dept. of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Umeå. All cases were tested for mutations in FLT3 and NPM1 genes. In the present study we applied SNP-array (Human CNV370-Duo DNA Analysis BeadChip for Copy Number Variation Research, Illumina, San Diego, California, USA) to 16 cases. Among those 14 cases were adult and 2 childhood leukemia. 9 females and 5 males were diagnosed with either AML or ALL at age of 33–84 years. Chromosome analysis showed cytogenetically balanced translocations of 11q23 in 8 patients (t(4;11)(q21;q23), t(6;11)(q13;q23), t(10;11)(p15;q23), t(11;19)(q23;p13) and deletion of 11q23 in the rest of patients, where 4 cases have had numerous cytogenetic abnormalities. Array CGH revealed totally 72 copy number variants (CNVs) including 34 duplications, 25 deletions and 13 neutral copy of LOH. In 4 of 8 cases with balanced 11q23 translocations no CNVs on chromosome 11 were detected while a duplication of 11q23q25 was detected in 3 patients from the same group and one patient with complex karyotype. The duplication was almost identical in 2 cases with t(4;11)(q21;q23) and t(11;19)(q23;p13) spanning approximately 350 kb (nucleotide position-133943876-134197116). In other two cases the duplication of approximately 15Mb also covered MLL locus. In cases with cytogenetically detected 11q23 deletions the breakpoints were defined but their nucleotide positions were not overlapping. Finally, two cases with 11q23 deletion and additional aberrations did not confirm the 11q23 deletion which might be explained by balanced rearrangement not detected by G-banding. In conclusion, 50% of cytogenetically balanced translocations of 11q23 locus did not demonstrate any additional CNVs at this region confirming absence of loss or gain of genetic material. Notably, in four of 16 cases duplication of 11q25 was detected although its significance was not studied. Further 16 cases are under evaluation and results of totally 32 patients will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ward, T. M., P. J. Rogers, L. J. McLeay, and R. McGarvey. "Evaluating the use of the Daily Egg Production Method for stock assessment of blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 2 (2009): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08134.
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The present study evaluates the suitability of the Daily Egg Production Method (DEPM) for stock assessment of blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus and assesses methodological options for future applications. In southern Australia, estimates of mean daily egg production were higher for Californian Vertical Egg Tow (CalVET) nets than bongo nets, and in eastern Australia, were higher in October 2003 than July 2004. Estimates of spawning area for southern Australia were three times higher for bongo nets than CalVET nets. Similar estimates of spawning area were obtained using standard (manual) gridding and natural neighbour methods. Large samples and reliable estimates of all adult parameters were obtained for southern Australia. Relatively few spawning adults were collected off eastern Australia. Preliminary best estimates of spawning biomass for southern and eastern Australia were 56 228 t and 29 578 t, respectively, with most estimates within the ranges of 45 000–68 000 t and 20 000–40 000 t respectively. The DEPM is suitable for stock assessment of S. australasicus. Several technical refinements are required to enhance future applications, including: genetic techniques for identifying early stage eggs; a temperature–egg development key; improved methods for sampling adults off eastern Australia; and measurements of the degeneration rates of post-ovulatory follicles at several temperatures.
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Haft, Adele J. "The Mocking Mermaid: Maps And Mapping In Kenneth Slessor’s Poetic Sequence The Atlas, Part Four." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 79 (May 27, 2015): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp79.1240.
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Midway through composing his five-poem sequence The Atlas (ca. 1930), the acclaimed Australian poet Kenneth Slessor suddenly wrote “Southerne Sea” in his poetry journal. He’d just chosen John Speed’s famous double-hemisphere map, A New and Accurat Map of the World (1651/1676), as the epithet of his fourth poem “Mermaids.” Unlike the cartographic epigraphs introducing the other poems, however, this map has little to do with “Mermaids,” which is a riotous romp through seas of fantastic creatures, and a paean to the maps that gave such creatures immortality. The map features a vast “Southerne Unknowne Land,” but no mythical beasts. And while it names “Southerne Sea” and “Mar del Zur,” neither “Mermaids” nor The Atlas mentions Australia or the Southern Sea. Moreover, Slessor’s sailors are “staring from maps in sweet and poisoned places,” yet what the poem describes are “portulano maps,” replete with compass roses and rhumb lines—features notably absent on A New and Accurat Map of the World. My paper, the fifth part of the first full-scale examination of Slessor’s ambitious but poorly understood sequence, retraces his creative process to reveal why he chose the so-called Speed map. In the process, it extricates the poem from what Slessor originally called “Lost Lands Mermaids” in his journal, details his debt to the ephemeral map catalogue in which he discovered his epigraph, and, finally, offers alternative cartographic representations for “Mermaids.” Among them, Norman Lindsay’s delightful frontispiece for Cuckooz Contrey (1932), the collection in which The Atlas debuted as the opening sequence.
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Xu, C., Y. M. Ma, C. You, and Z. K. Zhu. "The regional distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (October 30, 2015): 12065–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12065-2015.
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Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is representative of typical clean atmospheric conditions. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is higher over Qaidam Basin than the rest of the TP throughout the year. Different monthly variation patterns of AOD are observed over the southern and northern TP, whereby the aerosol load is usually higher in the northern TP than in the southern part. The aerosol load over the northern part increases from April to June, peaking in May. The maximum concentration of aerosols over the southern TP occurs in July. Aerosols appear to be more easily transported to the main body of the TP across the northern edge rather than the southern edge. This is maybe partly because the altitude is lower at the northern edge than that of the Himalayas located along the southern edge of the TP. Three-dimensional distributions of dust, polluted dust, polluted continental aerosol and smoke are also investigated, based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data. Dust is found to be the most prominent aerosol type on the TP, and other types of aerosols affect the atmospheric environment slightly. A dividing line of higher dust occurrence in the northern TP and lower dust occurrence in the southern TP can be observed clearly at an altitude of 6–8 km above sea level, especially in spring and summer. This demarcation appears around 33–35° N in the middle of the plateau, and it is possibly associated with the high-altitude terrain in the same geographic location. Comparisons of CALIPSO and MISR data show that the vertical dust occurrences are consistent with the spatial patterns of AOD. The different seasonal variation patterns between the northern and southern TP are primarily driven by atmospheric circulation, and are also related to the emission characteristics over the surrounding regions.
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Kovras, Iosif, and Neophytos Loizides. "The Greek Debt Crisis and Southern Europe: Majoritarian Pitfalls?" Comparative Politics 47, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5129/001041514813623164.
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Ramsay, Sarah. "Southern African leaders call for debt relief for Mozambique." Lancet 355, no. 9208 (March 2000): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)74740-1.
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Reuveny, Rafael, and William R. Thompson. "World Economic Growth, Systemic Leadership, and Southern Debt Crises." Journal of Peace Research 41, no. 1 (January 2004): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343304040047.
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ROGERS, DAVID A., THOMAS P. ROONEY, TODD J. HAWBAKER, VOLKER C. RADELOFF, and DONALD M. WALLER. "Paying the Extinction Debt in Southern Wisconsin Forest Understories." Conservation Biology 23, no. 6 (December 2009): 1497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01256.x.
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Sallée, J. B., K. G. Speer, and S. R. Rintoul. "Zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Ocean mixed-layer depth to the Southern Annular Mode." Nature Geoscience 3, no. 4 (March 14, 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo812.
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Lhuillier, Johanna, and Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento. "Central Asia and the Interaction between the Iranian Plateau and the Steppes in Late First Millennium BC." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 24, no. 1-2 (November 5, 2018): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341335.
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AbstractResearch led by the joint French-Turkmen Archaeological Expedition (MAFTur) at Ulug-depe have brought to light the longest continuous stratigraphic sequence of southern Central Asia, starting from the Late Neolithic up to the Middle Iron Age. During the last fieldwork seasons, a later, still poorly-known occupation has been identified: after its abandonment at the end of the Middle Iron Age period, Ulug-depe was briefly reoccupied during the late 1st millennium BC. The archaeological levels related to this occupation are extremely poorly preserved, and this stage is mainly witnessed by a particular pottery complex. Preliminary and ongoing researches on this pottery complex suggest that it principally includes Hellenistic-period vessels associated with some more unusual shapes. This association of material finds analogies in the area of interaction between the northern and the southern parts of Central Asia (i.e., in Uzbekistan, in a territory stretching from Tashkent to the Aral Sea through the Syr Darya area). In this paper, we will present a first overview of these discoveries, placing Ulug-depe at the crossroads of different cultural groups, sedentary and possibly nomadic, at the end of the 1st millennium BC.
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Massó Lago, Matilde, and Nazaret Abalde Bastero. "The importance of attitudes towards risk to explain indebtedness in Southern European countries." Revista Española de Sociología 29, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2020.11.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the socio-demographic determinants and individuals’ attitudes towards risk to explain indebtedness in Southern European countries. This analysis is done within the context of an increasing process of financialization of individual behaviour. We use the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), drawn up by the European Central Bank between 2009 and 2011. The methodological plan consists of a combination of a multiple correspondence analyses in order to identify the various household debt models and a logistic regression analysis in order to detect the explanatory variables that best explain the differences between indebtedness models. The main contribution of this paper is the identification of those variables that explain the economic differences in household debt levels. Results are showing a relevant influence of individual attitudes to explain indebtedness in Southern Countries in detriment of sociodemographic variables which are not relevant explanatory factors.
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Xu, C., Y. M. Ma, C. You, and Z. K. Zhu. "The regional distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 11 (June 11, 2015): 15683–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-15683-2015.
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Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is representative of typical clean atmospheric conditions. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved by Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is higher over Qaidam Basin than the rest of the TP all the year. Different monthly variation patterns of AOD are observed over the southern and northern TP, whereby the aerosol load is usually higher in the northern TP than in the southern part. The aerosol load over the northern part increases from April to June, peaking in May. The maximum concentration of aerosols over the southern TP occurs in July. Aerosols appear to be more easily transported over the main body of the TP across the northeastern edge rather than the southern edge. This is may be because the altitude is much lower at the northeastern edge than that of the Himalayas located along the southern edge of the TP. Three-dimensional distributions of dust, polluted dust, polluted continental and smoke are also investigated based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data. Dust is found to be the most prominent aerosol type on the TP, and other types of aerosols affect the atmospheric environment slightly. A natural boundary seems to extend to an altitude of 6–8 km a.s.l., which may act as a dividing line of higher dust occurrence in the northern TP and lower dust occurrence in the southern TP, especially in spring and summer. This boundary appears around 33–35° N in the middle of the plateau, and it is possibly associated with the high altitude terrain in the same geographic location. Comparisons of CALIPSO and MISR data show that this natural boundary extending to upper troposphere is consistent with the spatial pattern of aerosol loading. The whole TP blocks the atmospheric aerosols transported from surrounding regions, and the extreme high mountains on the TP also cause an obstruction to the transport of aerosols. The aerosol distribution patterns are primarily driven by atmospheric circulation. Northerly winds prevail above the TP in spring, which also facilitates the transport of aerosols from the Tarim Basin and Qaidam Basin to the main body of the TP. Nevertheless, aerosols above the TP can originate from both the northern and southern sides of the TP during summer.
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Magi, B. I. "Chemical apportionment of southern African aerosol mass and optical depth." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 19 (October 13, 2009): 7643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7643-2009.
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Abstract. This study characterizes the aerosol over extratropical and tropical southern Africa during the biomass burning season by presenting an aerosol mass apportionment and aerosol optical properties. Carbonaceous aerosol species account for 54% and 83% of the extratropical and tropical aerosol mass, respectively, which is consistent with the fact that the major source of particulate matter in southern Africa is biomass burning. This mass apportionment implies that carbonaceous species in the form of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) play a critical role in the aerosol optical properties. By combining the in situ measurements of aerosol mass concentrations with concurrent measurements of aerosol optical properties at a wavelength of 550 nm, it is shown that 80–90% of the aerosol scattering is due to carbonaceous aerosol, and the derived mass scattering cross sections (MSC) for OC and BC are 3.9±0.6 m2/g and 1.6±0.2 m2/g, respectively. Derived values of mass absorption cross sections (MAC) for OC and BC are 0.7±0.6 m2/g and 8.2±1.1 m2/g, respectively. The values of MAC imply that ~26% of the aerosol absorption in southern Africa is due to OC, with the remainder due to BC. The results in this study provide important constraints for aerosol properties in a region dominated by biomass burning and should be integrated into climate models to improve aerosol simulations.
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Magi, B. I. "Chemical apportionment of southern African aerosol mass and optical depth." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 18, 2009): 13439–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-13439-2009.
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Abstract. We investigate the aerosol mass apportionment and derive aerosol optical properties that characterize the aerosol over extratropical and tropical southern Africa during the biomass burning season. We find that 54% and 83% of the extratropical and tropical aerosol mass, respectively, is composed of carbonaceous species, consistent with the fact that the major source of particulate matter in southern Africa is biomass burning. This mass apportionment implies that carbonaceous species in the form of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) play a critical role in the aerosol optical properties. By combining the in situ measurements of aerosol mass concentrations with concurrent measurements of aerosol optical properties at a wavelength of 550 nm, we find that 80–90% of the aerosol scattering is due to carbonaceous aerosol, where our derived mass scattering cross sections (MSC) for OC and BC are 3.9±0.6 m2/g and 1.6±0.2 m2/g, respectively. Our derived values of mass absorption cross sections (MAC) for OC and BC are 0.7±0.6 m2/g and 8.2±1.1 m2/g, respectively. The values of MAC imply that 26–27% of the aerosol absorption in southern Africa is due to OC, with the remainder due to BC. Our results provide important constraints for aerosol properties in a region dominated by biomass burning and should be integrated into climate models to improve aerosol simulations.
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Hatami, Shadi, Shahin Zandmoghaddam, and Ali Nazemi. "Statistical Modeling of Monthly Snow Depth Loss in Southern Canada." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 24, no. 3 (March 2019): 04018071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001763.
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Magistrale, H., and H. w. Zhou. "Lithologic Control of the Depth of Earthquakes in Southern California." Science 273, no. 5275 (August 2, 1996): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5275.639.
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Riedel, Marko, Cora Dutsch, Catherine Alexandrakis, Ivano Dini, Simonetta Ciuffi, and Stefan Buske. "Seismic depth imaging of a geothermal system in Southern Tuscany." Geophysical Prospecting 63, no. 4 (April 29, 2015): 957–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12254.
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Zhu, Lupei, and Hiroo Kanamori. "Moho depth variation in southern California from teleseismic receiver functions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105, B2 (February 10, 2000): 2969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900322.
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Telesca, Luciano, Vincenzo Cuomo, Vincenzo Lapenna, and Maria Macchiato. "Depth-dependent time-clustering behaviour in seismicity of southern California." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 4323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013495.
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