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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern fur seals Ecology South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Brunner, S., P. D. Shaughnessy, and M. M. Bryden. "Geographic variation in skull characters of fur seals and sea lions (family Otariidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 4 (2002): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01056.

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Geographic variation was observed in skulls of several otariid species, with a general change in size corresponding with a change in latitude and primary productivity. The largest specimens were from cool temperate localities, conforming mostly to Rensch's rule. Skulls of Australian sea lions from Western Australia were generally smaller in condylobasal length, but were more robust than those from South Australia. The subantarctic fur seal did not conform to Bergmann's rule: skulls from Amsterdam Island (37�55´S) were largest, those from Gough Island (40�20´S) intermediate and those from Mario

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2

Kirkman, S. P., D. P. Costa, A. L. Harrison, P. G. H. Kotze, W. H. Oosthuizen, M. Weise, J. A. Botha, and J. P. Y. Arnould. "Dive behaviour and foraging effort of female Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 10 (October 2019): 191369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191369.

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While marine top predators can play a critical role in ecosystem structure and dynamics through their effects on prey populations, how the predators function in this role is often not well understood. In the Benguela region of southern Africa, the Cape fur seal ( Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus ) population constitutes the largest marine top predator biomass, but little is known of its foraging ecology other than its diet and some preliminary dive records. Dive information was obtained from 32 adult females instrumented with dive recorders at the Kleinsee colony (29°34.17′ S, 16°59.80′ E) in S

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3

Brunner, S. "Cranial morphometrics of the southern fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri and A. pusillus (Carnivora : Otariidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 1 (1998): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97020.

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The identification and classification of unknown specimens of Arctocephalus from regions of Australasia has proven difficult. Skulls from the New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) and the Australian fur seal (A. pusillus doriferus), and data from specimens of the South African fur seal (A. p. pusillus), were examined. A visual method was devised to identify and separate A. p. doriferus from A. forsteri for both sexes and for most physiological age-groups. A statistical method for morphometric separation of these species was applied to adult specimens. Characteristics of males and femal

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4

Botha, JA, SP Kirkman, JPY Arnould, AT Lombard, GJG Hofmeyr, MA Meÿer, PGH Kotze, and PA Pistorius. "Geographic variation in at-sea movements, habitat use and diving behaviour of female Cape fur seals." Marine Ecology Progress Series 649 (September 10, 2020): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13446.

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Knowledge of animal foraging behaviour has implications for management and conservation. While Cape fur seals Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus comprise a major proportion of the southern African marine predator biomass, little is known about their at-sea movements. We investigated foraging distribution, habitat use and diving behaviour for 35 adult female Cape fur seals from 3 breeding colonies experiencing contrasting oceanographic regimes. Animals from Black Rocks, the smallest and eastern-most colony, undertook shorter foraging trips and utilised shallower waters over the shelf. In compariso

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5

WICKENS, P. A. "Fur seals and lobster fishing in South Africa." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 6, no. 3 (September 1996): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199609)6:3<179::aid-aqc184>3.0.co;2-n.

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6

Harcourt, Robert. "Individual variation in predation on fur seals by southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) in Peru." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-273.

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Southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were observed to prey on juvenile and adult female South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W) between October 1987 and December 1988. Over the course of the study there were 165 attacks on fur seals with 33 seals killed. While both adult male and subadult male sea lions captured and killed fur seals, adult female and juvenile sea lions never acted aggressively towards fur seals. Adult males attacked fur seals on 82.4% of the occasions when they were present at the rookery, subadults on 52% of occasions. Dist

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7

Shaughnessy, Peter D., Catherine M. Kemper, David Stemmer, and Jane McKenzie. "Records of vagrant fur seals (family Otariidae) in South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 36, no. 2 (2014): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am13038.

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Two fur seal species breed on the southern coast of Australia: the Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) and the New Zealand fur seal (A. forsteri). Two other species are vagrants: the subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis) and the Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella). We document records of vagrant fur seals in South Australia from 1982 to 2012 based primarily on records from the South Australian Museum. There were 86 subantarctic fur seals: 49 specimens and 37 sightings. Most (77%) were recorded from July to October and 83% of all records were juveniles. All but two specimens were

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8

Wickens, P. "Conflict between Cape (South African) fur seals and line fishing operations." Wildlife Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960109.

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Cape (South African) fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) interact with line-fishermen in South Africa, particularly during fishing for the migratory species snoek (Thyrsites atun), and mostly when snoek are specifically being targeted. Loss of fish and tackle as a result of seals is estimated to be between at least a half and one million Rand (A$l75000-372000) annually or 3.3-7% of the total annual landed value of snoek. The presence of seals may also disturb fishing operations by causing fish to sound although this is difficult to quantify. Deliberate killing of seals by fishermen dur

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9

Townrow, K., and P. D. Shaughnessy. "Fur seal skull from sealers' quarters at Sandy Bay, Macquarie Island, Southern Ocean." Polar Record 27, no. 162 (July 1991): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400012651.

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AbstractFur seals were exterminated from Macquarie Island about 20 years after discovery of the island in 1810. Their specific identity is unknown. Few fur seals were reported at the island until it was occupied by the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1948. Fur seal numbers are now increasing. An archaeological excavation at a sealers' quarters at Sandy Bay in 1988 revealed the fragmented skull of a young Antarctic fur sealArctocephalus gazella1.1 m below the surface in a layer dated in the 1870s and 1880s. This period coincides with the recovery of fur seal populations in

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10

Ling, JK. "Impact Of Colonial Sealing On Seal Stocks Around Australia, New Zealand And Subantarctic Islands Between 150 And 170 Degrees East." Australian Mammalogy 24, no. 1 (2002): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02117.

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Details of southern elephant seal oil and fur seal and sea lion skin cargoes have been extracted from a large number of secondary sources dealing with Australian and New Zealand maritime history, which in turn referred to numerous primary sources of information. The data were collated and analysed for ten areas in the south-west Pacific region and published recently in two separate larger works. This review is a synthesis and analysis of the impact of the colonial sealing industry on seal stocks in the region, based on those papers, with some minor revisions and reference to works by other aut

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11

Shaughnessy, Peter D., and Simon D. Goldsworthy. "Dispersion of long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) determined by tagging." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20032.

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Long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) were tagged as pups in colonies on Kangaroo Island, South Australia in eight consecutive pupping seasons from 1988–89 to 1995–96. Thirty-nine tagged animals were sighted on the southern Australian coast, being 0.89% of those tagged. They were aged from 9 months to 14 years 6 months, with half in their second and third years. Most records (88%) were of animals that moved eastwards. The most distant records were from Sydney in the east (1700 km), south of Tasmania in the south (1240 km) and Head of Bight in the west (700 km). One animal was seen twic

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12

Túnez, Juan I., Humberto L. Cappozzo, and Marcelo H. Cassini. "Regional factors associated with the distribution of South American fur seals along the Atlantic coast of South America." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 9 (October 20, 2008): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn168.

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Abstract Túnez, J. I., Cappozzo, H. L., and Cassini, M. H. 2008. Regional factors associated with the distribution of South American fur seals along the Atlantic coast of South America. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1733–1738. Breeding colonies of the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) are not homogeneously distributed along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, but show an unusual patchiness, with colonies located only at the northern and southern extremities of the breeding range. We used bibliographic data of censuses carried out in the mid- and late 20th century, along wi

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13

Shaughnessy, PD, NJ Gales, TE Dennis, and SD Goldsworthy. "Distribution and abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South Australia and Western Australia." Wildlife Research 21, no. 6 (1994): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940667.

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A survey to determine the distribution and abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South Australia and Western Australia was conducted in January-March 1990. Minor surveys were conducted in the summers of 1987-88, 1988-89 and 1990-91. Although the surveys were primarily of black pups in breeding colonies, opportunity was taken to count fur seals of all age-classes, including those in non-breeding colonies. Pups were counted and, in more accessible and larger colonies, numbers of pups were estimated by a mark-recapture technique. The latter technique gave higher estimates

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14

Brown, DJ, Il Boyd, GC Cripps, and PJ Butler. "Fatty acid signature analysis from the milk of Antarctic fur seals and Southern elephant seals from South Georgia:implications for diet determination." Marine Ecology Progress Series 187 (1999): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps187251.

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15

Walker, T. R., I. L. Boyd, D. J. McCafferty, N. Huin, R. I. Taylor, and K. Reid. "Seasonal occurrence and diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) at Bird Island, South Georgia." Antarctic Science 10, no. 1 (March 1998): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102098000108.

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Seasonal haul-out patterns and diet of individually marked leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) were investigated at Bird Island, South Georgia during the 1983–96 winters. A total of 2956 leopard seal sightings were made, and 121 seals were tagged during the study, mainly between 1993 and 1996. Photographs of scars and pelage patterns were also used to identify a subset of these individuals across years, which provided no evidence of tag loss between or within years. Leopard seals were observed between April and November; the mean time between the first and last sightings in each year was 208 d (

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16

Blyde, DJ, D. March, P. Howard, V. Sintchenko, E. Rousselet, and C. Atkin. "An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Kentucky infection in long-nosed fur seals." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 142 (December 3, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03540.

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An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred in a group of 7 long-nosed fur seals Arctocephalus forsteri undergoing rehabilitation after being found injured and malnourished on beaches along the northern New South Wales and southern Queensland coasts of Australia. Three of the 7 individuals developed clinical disease and died within 3 d. Clinical signs included profuse diarrhea, vomiting, depression, and lethargy. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky (S. Kentucky) was cultured from 2 of the 3 deceased animals. The other 4 animals showed similar signs and recovered following treatment.

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17

Davis, Dexter, Iain J. Staniland, and Keith Reid. "Spatial and temporal variability in the fish diet of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-071.

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The spatial and temporal variability in the fish component of the diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875)) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean was examined using diet data from 10 sites in the region including a 13-year time series from South Georgia. The fish species composition in the diet at each site showed a strong relationship with the local marine habitat / topography. The absence of formerly harvested fish species indicates a lack of recovery of stocks of Notothenia rossii Richardson, 1844 at South Georgia and Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905 at

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18

Shaughnessy, PD, SD Goldsworthy, and JA Libke. "Changes in the abundance of New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, on Kangaroo Island, South Australia." Wildlife Research 22, no. 2 (1995): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950201.

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Kangaroo Island was an important seal-harvesting site during the early years of European colonisation of Australia. A recent survey of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctocephalus forsteri, in South and Western Australia indicates that Kangaroo I. is still an important centre for the species. In order to determine changes in the abundance of the population, numbers of pups were determined at four colonies on Kangaroo Island by mark-recapture in up to five breeding seasons from 1988-89 to 1992-93. Clipping was the preferred technique for mark-recapture estimation of pups because it was quick, easy a

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19

Canova, R., R. F. Budaszewski, M. N. Weber, M. S. da Silva, D. E. Puhl, L. O. Battisti, J. F. Soares, et al. "Spleen and lung virome analysis of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) collected on the southern Brazilian coast." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 92 (August 2021): 104862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104862.

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20

Pemberton, D., and RJ Kirkwood. "Pup production and distribution of the Australian fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, in Tasmania." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940341.

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In Tasmanian waters Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, breed on five islands in Bass Strait with non-breeding haul-out sites situated in Bass Strait and along the south-eastern and southern Tasmanian coastline. Estimates of pup production were obtained over four breeding seasons between 1989 and 1993 by aerial photography, ground counts and mark-recapture censuses. Pupping commences in late October, with 90% of pups born between 2 and 20 December. Pup mortality is estimated at 15% by early January, when ground censusing was conducted. Pup production of breeding colonies in

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21

Martin, R. A. "Natural mortality of puffadder shysharks due to Cape fur seals and black-backed kelp gulls at Seal Island, South Africa." Journal of Fish Biology 64, no. 3 (March 2004): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00339.x.

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22

Harcourt, Robert. "Maternal aggression in the South American fur seal in Peru." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-048.

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Maternal aggression was examined with regard to its role in maternal defense of offspring in the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) at Punta San Juan, Peru (15°22′S, 75°12′W). Female fur seals' responses to conspecifics and to predatory southern sea lions (Otaria byronia) were examined pre- and post-partum. Although the defense of offspring from predators may be expected to be a major component of maternal care, mothers rarely defended their offspring from raiding sea lions, possibly due to the high risks involved in attacking a large and potentially very dangerous predator. The

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23

Crawford, Robert J. M., Benedict L. Dundee, Bruce M. Dyer, Norbert T. W. Klages, Michael A. Meÿer, and Leshia Upfold. "Trends in numbers of Cape gannets (Morus capensis), 1956/1957–2005/2006, with a consideration of the influence of food and other factors." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 1 (November 2, 2006): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl011.

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Abstract Crawford, R. J. M., Dundee, B. L., Dyer, B. M., Klages, N. T., Meÿer, M. A., and Upfold, L. 2007. Trends in numbers of Cape gannets (Morus capensis), 1956/57–2005/06, with a consideration of the influence of food and other factors – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 169–177. Cape gannets (Morus capensis) breed at six colonies in Namibia and South Africa. Population size averaged about 250 000 pairs over the period 1956/1957–1968/1969 and about 150 000 pairs from 1978/1979 to 2005/2006. Over the whole 50-y period, numbers at the three Namibian colonies fell by 85–98%, with greater pr

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24

Machado, R., LR de Oliveira, PH Ott, M. Haimovici, LG Cardoso, L. Milmann, MA Romero, RA dos Santos, and M. Borges-Martins. "Trophic overlap between marine mammals and fisheries in subtropical waters in the western South Atlantic." Marine Ecology Progress Series 639 (April 2, 2020): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13284.

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Marine mammals and humans are apex predators and both may compete for fish in ecosystems under continuous fishing pressure. We assessed the degree of trophic overlap between prey species found in the diet of 5 marine mammals (39 specimens of sea lion Otaria flavescens, 61 fur seals Arctocephalus australis, 76 franciscana dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei, 25 bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and 28 Lahille’s bottlenose dolphins T. gephyreus) and the catches of the 6 main commercial fishing gears used in southern Brazil (coastal gillnets, oceanic gillnets, purse seine, demersal pair trawling

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25

Morse, P., MA Mole, MN Bester, R. Johnson, U. Scacco, and E. Gennari. "Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) adjust traversing behaviour with lunar conditions in the high white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) density waters of Mossel Bay, South Africa." Marine Ecology Progress Series 622 (July 18, 2019): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13051.

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26

Hammerschlag, Neil, R. Aidan Martin, and Chris Fallows. "Effects of environmental conditions on predator–prey interactions between white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) and Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) at Seal Island, South Africa." Environmental Biology of Fishes 76, no. 2-4 (June 3, 2006): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9038-z.

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27

Goldsworthy, SD, and PD Shaughnessy. "Breeding biology and haul-out pattern of the New Zealand fur seal, Arctopehalus forsteri, at Cape Gantheaume, South Australia." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940365.

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New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, breed at Cape Gantheaume (36�04'S,137�28'E), Kangaroo Island, South Australia, on broken rock platforms. In 1988-89, pups were born between late November and mid-January, 90% of them over 34 days between 3 December and 6 January. The median date of birth was 21 December. A re-analysis of data for this species from three breeding seasons at the Open Bay Islands (South Island, New Zealand, 43�52'S,l68�53'E) indicates that: (i) the breeding season at Cape Gantheaume occurs 5-12 days later than at the Open Bay Islands, (ii) the period containing 90% o

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28

De Vos, Alta, M. Justin O'Riain, Michael A. Meyer, P. Gideon H. Kotze, and Alison A. Kock. "Behavior of Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in relation to temporal variation in predation risk by white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)around a seal rookery in False Bay, South Africa." Marine Mammal Science 31, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 1118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12208.

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29

Budd, Grahame M. "Australian exploration of Heard Island, 1947–1971." Polar Record 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2007): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006080.

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In 1947 knowledge of Heard Island was confined to a rough mapping compiled by nineteenth-century sealers, and the results of four scientific expeditions that had briefly investigated the Atlas Cove area. Exploration continued in two distinct periods between 1947 and 1971. In the first period the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) built a scientific station at Atlas Cove in 1947, and occupied it continuously until 1955 as an ‘A Class’ meteorological station, a seismic and magnetic observatory, and a base for other scientific studies and for exploration of the island. In

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30

Echenique, J., E. Pereira, J. Prado, A. L. Schild, and A. L. Valente. "New host and geographical records for Parafilaroides normani (Nematoda: Filaroididae) Dailey, 2009 in South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis, from southern Brazil." Journal of Helminthology 94 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x20000826.

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Abstract Lungworms are a common finding in seals and fur seals around the world. However, from existing records, the biogeographical distribution of filaroid helminths appears to be restricted, and these parasites are endemic in only certain areas and species, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The occurrence of infection in pinniped species in the Southern Hemisphere is scarce. The objective of this work is to verify the prevalence of lungworms in Arctocephalus australis in waters off the southern coast of Brazil. Twenty subadult specimens of A. australis found recently dead on the southern c

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