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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Variability'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mayewski, P. A., and K. A. Maasch. "Recent warming inconsistent with natural association between temperature and atmospheric circulation over the last 2000 years." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 3 (2006): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-327-2006.

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Abstract. Comparison between proxies for atmospheric circulation and temperature reveals associations over the last few decades that are inconsistent with those of the past 2000 years. Notably, patterns of middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation in both hemispheres are still within the range of variability of the last 6–10 centuries while, as demonstrated by Mann and Jones (2003), Northern Hemisphere temperatures over recent decades are the highest of the last 2000 years. Further, recent temperature change precedes change in middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation unlike the tw

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2

Grainger, Simon, Carsten S. Frederiksen, and Xiaogu Zheng. "Projections of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation interannual variability." Climate Dynamics 48, no. 3-4 (2016): 1187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3135-2.

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3

Kurzke, H., M. V. Kurgansky, K. Dethloff, et al. "Simulating Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical climate variability with an idealized coupled atmosphere-ocean model." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 3 (2011): 1907–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-1907-2011.

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Abstract. The design and implementation of a simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model over mid and high Southern Hemisphere latitudes are described. The development of the model is motivated by the clear indications of important low-frequency variability of extratropical origin in atmosphere-only models and the crucial role of atmosphere-ocean interaction in altering and shaping the climate variability on decadal and multidecadal time-scales. The basic model consists of an idealized quasi-geostrophic model of Southern Hemisphere's wintertime atmospheric circulation coupled to a general ocean

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4

Nguyen, H., A. Evans, C. Lucas, I. Smith, and B. Timbal. "The Hadley Circulation in Reanalyses: Climatology, Variability, and Change." Journal of Climate 26, no. 10 (2013): 3357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00224.1.

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Abstract Analysis of the annual cycle of intensity, extent, and width of the Hadley circulation across a 31-yr period (1979–2009) from all existent reanalyses reveals a good agreement among the datasets. All datasets show that intensity is at a maximum in the winter hemisphere and at a minimum in the summer hemisphere. Maximum and minimum values of meridional extent are reached in the respective autumn and spring hemispheres. While considering the horizontal momentum balance, where a weakening of the Hadley cell (HC) is expected in association with a widening, it is shown here that there is no

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5

Thompson, David W. J., Mark P. Baldwin, and Susan Solomon. "Stratosphere–Troposphere Coupling in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3321.1.

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Abstract This study examines the temporal evolution of the tropospheric circulation following large-amplitude variations in the strength of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex in data from 1979 to 2001 and following the SH sudden stratospheric warming of 2002. In both cases, anomalies in the strength of the SH stratospheric polar vortex precede similarly signed anomalies in the tropospheric circulation that persist for more than 2 months. The SH tropospheric circulation anomalies reflect a bias in the polarity of the SH annular mode (SAM), a large-scale pattern of climate v

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6

Thompson, D. W. J., and E. A. Barnes. "Periodic Variability in the Large-Scale Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation." Science 343, no. 6171 (2014): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1247660.

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7

Shiotani, Masato, Naoki Shimoda, and Isamu Hirota. "Interannual variability of the stratospheric circulation in the southern hemisphere." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 119, no. 511 (1993): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711951110.

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8

Lopez, Hosmay, Shenfu Dong, Sang-Ki Lee, and Gustavo Goni. "Decadal Modulations of Interhemispheric Global Atmospheric Circulations and Monsoons by the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 5 (2016): 1831–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0491.1.

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Abstract This study presents a physical mechanism on how low-frequency variability of the South Atlantic meridional heat transport (SAMHT) may influence decadal variability of atmospheric circulation. A multicentury simulation of a coupled general circulation model is used as basis for the analysis. The highlight of the findings herein is that multidecadal variability of SAMHT plays a key role in modulating global atmospheric circulation via its influence on interhemispheric redistributions of momentum, heat, and moisture. Weaker SAMHT at 30°S produces anomalous ocean heat divergence over the

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9

Grainger, Simon, Carsten S. Frederiksen, Xiaogu Zheng, et al. "Modes of variability of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation estimated by AGCMs." Climate Dynamics 36, no. 3-4 (2009): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0720-7.

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10

L’Heureux, Michelle L., and David W. J. Thompson. "Observed Relationships between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Extratropical Zonal-Mean Circulation." Journal of Climate 19, no. 2 (2006): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3617.1.

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Abstract There is increasing evidence indicating that the climate response to variations in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) includes not only thermally forced zonal wind anomalies in the subtropics but also eddy-driven zonal wind anomalies that extend into the mid–high latitudes of both hemispheres. In this study, new insights into the observed seasonally varying signature of ENSO in the extratropical zonal-mean circulation are provided and the associated linkages with the dominant patterns of extratropical variability are examined. The zonal-mean extratropical atmospheric response to

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11

Mechoso, Carlos R., John D. Farrara, and Michael Ghil. "Intraseasonal Variability of the Winter Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere Atmosphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 48, no. 11 (1991): 1387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1387:ivotwc>2.0.co;2.

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12

Black, Robert X., and Brent A. McDaniel. "Interannual Variability in the Southern Hemisphere Circulation Organized by Stratospheric Final Warming Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (2007): 2968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3979.1.

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A composite observational analysis is presented demonstrating that austral stratospheric final warming (SFW) events provide a substantial organizing influence upon the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. In particular, the annual weakening of high-latitude westerlies in the upper troposphere and stratosphere is accelerated during SFW onset. This behavior is associated with a coherent annular circulation change with zonal wind decelerations (accelerations) at high (low) latitudes. The high-latitude stratospheric decelerations are induced by the anomalous wave driving

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13

Renwick, James A. "Persistent Positive Anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere Circulation." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 4 (2005): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2900.1.

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Long time series of reanalyses, from NCEP–NCAR and from ECMWF, are used to investigate the occurrence of persistent positive anomalies (PPAs) in the 500-hPa geopotential height field over the Southern Hemisphere extratropics during 1958–2001. Defining persistent anomalies as those of at least 100 m in magnitude lasting for at least 5 days, it is found that the region of most frequent occurrence is over the South Pacific. A cluster analysis of monthly PPA counts shows two distinct patterns, one a zonal wavenumber-1 (ZW1) pattern centered over the southeast Pacific near 60°S and the other a zona

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14

Brandefelt, Jenny. "Atmospheric Modes of Variability in a Changing Climate." Journal of Climate 19, no. 22 (2006): 5934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3953.1.

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Abstract The response of the atmospheric circulation to an enhanced radiative greenhouse gas forcing in a transient integration with a coupled global climate model is investigated. The spatial patterns of the leading modes of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric variability are shown to change in response to the enhanced forcing. An earlier study showed that the spatial patterns of the leading modes in the Southern Hemisphere changed in response to the enhanced forcing. These changes were associated with changes in the propagation conditions for barotropic Rossby waves. This is, however, not the ca

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15

Grainger, S., C. S. Frederiksen, and X. Zheng. "Interannual modes of variability of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation in CMIP3 models." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 11 (August 1, 2010): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/11/1/012027.

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16

Mayewski, Paul A., Kirk A. Maasch, James W. C. White, et al. "A 700 year record of Southern Hemisphere extratropical climate variability." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814249.

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AbstractAnnually dated ice cores from West and East Antarctica provide proxies for past changes in atmospheric circulation over Antarctica and portions of the Southern Ocean, temperature in coastal West and East Antarctica, and the frequency of South Polar penetration of El Niño events. During the period AD 1700–1850, atmospheric circulation over the Antarctic and at least portions of the Southern Hemisphere underwent a mode switch departing from the out-of-phase alternation of multi-decadal long phases of EOF1 and EOF2 modes of the 850 hPa field over the Southern Hemisphere (as defined in the

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17

Ackerley, D., and J. A. Renwick. "The Southern Hemisphere semiannual oscillation and circulation variability during the Mid-Holocene." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 1 (2010): 185–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-185-2010.

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Abstract. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) was undertaken to assess the climatic effects of the presence of large ice-sheets and changes in the Earth's orbital parameters in fully coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). Much of the previous literature has focussed on the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial maximum and Mid-Holocene whereas this study focuses only on the Southern Hemisphere. This study addresses the representation of the Semiannual Oscillation (SAO) in the PMIP2 models and how it may have changed during the M

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18

Ackerley, D., and J. A. Renwick. "The Southern Hemisphere semiannual oscillation and circulation variability during the Mid-Holocene." Climate of the Past 6, no. 4 (2010): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-415-2010.

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Abstract. The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) was undertaken to assess the climatic effects of the presence of large ice-sheets and changes in the Earth's orbital parameters in fully coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs). Much of the previous literature has focussed on the tropics and the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial maximum and Mid-Holocene whereas this study focuses only on the Southern Hemisphere. This study addresses the representation of the Semiannual Oscillation (SAO) in the PMIP2 models and how it may have changed during the M

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19

Ciasto, Laura M., Graham R. Simpkins, and Matthew H. England. "Teleconnections between Tropical Pacific SST Anomalies and Extratropical Southern Hemisphere Climate." Journal of Climate 28, no. 1 (2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00438.1.

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Abstract Teleconnections from tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies to the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere (SH) are examined using observations and reanalysis. Analysis of tropical Pacific SST anomalies is conducted separately for the central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) regions. During the austral cold season, extratropical SH atmospheric Rossby wave train patterns are observed in association with both EP and CP SST variability. The primary difference between the patterns is the westward displacement of the CP-related atmospheric anomalies, consistent with the we

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20

Kurzke, H., M. V. Kurgansky, K. Dethloff, et al. "Simulating Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical climate variability with an idealised coupled atmosphere-ocean model." Geoscientific Model Development 5, no. 5 (2012): 1161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1161-2012.

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Abstract. A quasi-geostrophic model of Southern Hemisphere's wintertime atmospheric circulation with horizontal resolution T21 has been coupled to a global ocean circulation model with a resolution of 2° × 2° and simplified physics. This simplified coupled model reproduces qualitatively some features of the first and the second EOF of atmospheric 833 hPa geopotential height in accordance with NCEP data. The variability patterns of the simplified coupled model have been compared with variability patterns simulated by four complex state-of-the-art coupled CMIP5 models. The first EOF of the simpl

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21

Grise, Kevin M., Sean M. Davis, Isla R. Simpson, et al. "Recent Tropical Expansion: Natural Variability or Forced Response?" Journal of Climate 32, no. 5 (2019): 1551–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0444.1.

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AbstractPrevious studies have documented a poleward shift in the subsiding branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation since 1979 but have disagreed on the causes of these observed changes and the ability of global climate models to capture them. This synthesis paper reexamines a number of contradictory claims in the past literature and finds that the tropical expansion indicated by modern reanalyses is within the bounds of models’ historical simulations for the period 1979–2005. Earlier conclusions that models were underestimating the observed trends relied on defining the Hadley circulation using

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22

Braesicke, P., J. Keeble, X. Yang, et al. "Circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere and ozone changes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (2013): 10677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10677-2013.

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Abstract. We report results from two pairs of chemistry-climate model simulations using the same climate model but different chemical perturbations. In each pair of experiments an ozone change was triggered by a simple change in the chemistry. One pair of model experiments looked at the impact of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the other pair at the impact of short-lived halogenated species on composition and circulation. The model response is complex with both positive and negative changes in ozone concentration, depending on location. These changes result from coupling between composit

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23

Hu, Chundi, Qigang Wu, Song Yang, et al. "A Linkage Observed between Austral Autumn Antarctic Oscillation and Preceding Southern Ocean SST Anomalies." Journal of Climate 29, no. 6 (2016): 2109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0403.1.

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Abstract In this study, the authors apply a lagged maximum covariance analysis (MCA) to capture the cross-seasonal coupled patterns between the Southern Ocean sea surface temperature (SOSST) and extratropical 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere, from which Niño-3.4 signals and their linear trends are removed to a certain extent. Statistically significant results show that the dominant feature of ocean–atmosphere interaction is likely the effect of atmosphere on SOSST anomalies, with a peak occurring when the atmosphere leads the SOSST by 1 month. However, the most

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24

Lin, Hai. "Global Extratropical Response to Diabatic Heating Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 9 (2009): 2697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3008.1.

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Abstract Global teleconnections associated with the Asian summer monsoon convective activities are investigated based on monthly data of 29 Northern Hemisphere summers defined as June–September (JJAS). Two distinct teleconnection patterns are identified that are associated respectively with variabilities of the Indian summer monsoon and the western North Pacific summer monsoon. The Indian summer monsoon convective activity is associated with a global pattern that has a far-reaching connection in both hemispheres, whereas the western North Pacific summer monsoon convective activity is connected

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25

Ren, R.-C., and Ming Cai. "Meridional and Downward Propagation of Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies. Part II: Southern Hemisphere Cold Season Variability." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 7 (2008): 2343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2594.1.

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Abstract As in the Northern Hemisphere, there exists a simultaneous poleward propagation of temperature anomalies in the stratosphere and equatorward propagation in the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere’s cold season. It takes about 110 days for anomalies of one polarity to propagate from the equator to the pole (or half the period of the complete cycle), nearly twice as long as in the Northern Hemisphere. The earlier poleward propagation of temperature anomalies in upper levels compared with those in lower levels results in an apparent downward propagation in the stratosphere. Accompanyi

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Barnes, Elizabeth A., Susan Solomon, and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Robust Wind and Precipitation Responses to the Mount Pinatubo Eruption, as Simulated in the CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 29, no. 13 (2016): 4763–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0658.1.

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Abstract The volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991 is the largest terrestrial eruption since the beginning of the satellite era. Here, the monthly evolution of atmospheric temperature, zonal winds, and precipitation following the eruption in 14 CMIP5 models is analyzed and strong and robust stratospheric and tropospheric circulation responses are demonstrated in both hemispheres, with tropospheric anomalies maximizing in November 1991. The simulated Southern Hemisphere circulation response projects strongly onto the positive phase of the southern annular mode (SAM), while the Northe

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Garreaud, RenéD, and David S. Battisti. "Interannual (ENSO) and Interdecadal (ENSO-like) Variability in the Southern Hemisphere Tropospheric Circulation*." Journal of Climate 12, no. 7 (1999): 2113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2113:ieaiel>2.0.co;2.

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28

Zheng, Fei, Jianping Li, Lei Wang, Fei Xie, and Xiaofeng Li. "Cross-Seasonal Influence of the December–February Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode on March–May Meridional Circulation and Precipitation." Journal of Climate 28, no. 17 (2015): 6859–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00515.1.

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Abstract New evidence suggests that interannual variability in zonal-mean meridional circulation and precipitation can be partially attributed to the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM), the dominant mode of climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics. A cross-seasonal correlation exists between the December–February (DJF) SAM and March–May (MAM) zonal-mean meridional circulation and precipitation. This correlation is not confined to the SH: it also extends to the Northern Hemisphere (NH) subtropics. When the preceding DJF SAM is positive, counterclockwise, and clockwis

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29

Grainger, Simon, Carsten S. Frederiksen, and Xiaogu Zheng. "Assessment of Modes of Interannual Variability of Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation in CMIP5 Models." Journal of Climate 27, no. 21 (2014): 8107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00251.1.

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Abstract An assessment is made of the modes of interannual variability in the seasonal mean summer and winter Southern Hemisphere (SH) 500-hPa geopotential height in the twentieth century in models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) dataset. Modes of variability of both the slow (signal) and intraseasonal (noise) components in the CMIP5 models are evaluated against those estimated from reanalysis data. There is general improvement in the leading modes of the slow (signal) component in CMIP5 models compared with the CMIP phase 3 (CMIP3) dataset. The largest im

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Chang, Chueh-Hsin, and Nathaniel C. Johnson. "The Continuum of Wintertime Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns*,+." Journal of Climate 28, no. 24 (2015): 9507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00739.1.

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Abstract This study uses the method of self-organizing maps (SOMs) to categorize the June–August atmospheric teleconnections in the 500-hPa geopotential height field of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics. This approach yields 12 SOM patterns that provide a discretized representation of the continuum of SH teleconnection patterns from 1979 to 2012. These 12 patterns are large in spatial scale, exhibiting a mix of annular mode characteristics and wave trains of zonal wavenumber varying from 2 to 4. All patterns vary with intrinsic time scales of about 5–10 days, but some patterns exhibit

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Kidston, Joseph, D. M. W. Frierson, J. A. Renwick, and G. K. Vallis. "Observations, Simulations, and Dynamics of Jet Stream Variability and Annular Modes." Journal of Climate 23, no. 23 (2010): 6186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3235.1.

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Abstract The characteristics of the dominant pattern of extratropical variability (the so-called annular modes) are examined in the context of the theory that eddy-driven jets are self-maintaining. It is shown that there is genuine hemispheric symmetry in the variation of the zonal wind in the Southern Hemisphere but not the Northern Hemisphere. The annular mode is shown to be baroclinic in nature; it is associated with changes in the baroclinic eddy source latitude, and the latitude of the eddy source region is organized by the mean flow. This behavior is expected if there is a baroclinic fee

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Simpkins, Graham R., Yannick Peings, and Gudrun Magnusdottir. "Pacific Influences on Tropical Atlantic Teleconnections to the Southern Hemisphere High Latitudes." Journal of Climate 29, no. 18 (2016): 6425–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0645.1.

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Abstract Several recent studies have connected Antarctic climate variability to tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST), proposing a Rossby wave response from the Atlantic as the primary dynamical mechanism. In this investigation, reanalysis data and atmospheric general circulation model experiments are used to further diagnose these dynamical links. Focus is placed on the possible mediating role of Pacific processes, motivated by the similar spatial characteristics of Southern Hemisphere (SH) teleconnections associated with tropical Atlantic and Pacific SST variability. During austra

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Brandefelt, Jenny, and Erland Källén. "The Response of the Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation to an Enhanced Greenhouse Gas Forcing." Journal of Climate 17, no. 22 (2004): 4425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/3221.1.

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Abstract The response of the atmospheric circulation to an enhanced radiative greenhouse gas forcing is investigated. It has been proposed that the response of the climate system to an enhanced forcing projects directly onto the preexisting natural modes of variability. An evaluation of this possibility and in particular of the implications of unchanged flow regimes is performed with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere extratropical atmospheric circulation. Low-pass-filtered mean sea level pressure and geopotential height at 500 and 200 hPa from a transient integration with a coupled global cli

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Sallée, J. B., K. Speer, and R. Morrow. "Response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to Atmospheric Variability." Journal of Climate 21, no. 12 (2008): 3020–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1702.1.

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Abstract Historical hydrographic profiles, combined with recent Argo profiles, are used to obtain an estimate of the mean geostrophic circulation in the Southern Ocean. Thirteen years of altimetric sea level anomaly data are then added to reconstruct the time variable sea level, and this new dataset is analyzed to identify and monitor the position of the two main fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) during the period 1993–2005. The authors relate their movements to the two main atmospheric climate modes of the Southern Hemisphere: the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the El Niño–So

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Trenberth, Kevin E., David P. Stepaniak, and Lesley Smith. "Interannual Variability of Patterns of Atmospheric Mass Distribution." Journal of Climate 18, no. 15 (2005): 2812–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3333.1.

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Abstract Using the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) for 1958 to 2001, adjusted for bias over the southern oceans prior to 1979, an analysis is made of global patterns of monthly mean anomalies of atmospheric mass, which is approximately conserved globally. It differs from previous analyses of atmospheric circulation by effectively area weighting surface or sea level pressure that diminishes the role of high latitudes. To examine whether global patterns of behavior exist requires analysis of all seasons together (as opposite seasons occur in

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36

Levy, Gad. "Southern hemisphere low level wind circulation statisticsfrom the Seasat scatterometer." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 1 (1994): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0065-9.

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Abstract. Analyses of remotely sensed low-level wind vector data over the Southern Ocean are performed. Five-day averages and monthly means are created and the month-to-month variability during the winter (July-September) of 1978 is investigated. The remotely sensed winds are compared to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM) and the National Meteorological Center (NMC) surface analyses. In southern latitudes the remotely sensed winds are stronger than what the weather services' analyses suggest, indicating underestimation by ABM and NMC in these regions. The evolution of the low-level jet

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Byrne, Nicholas J., Theodore G. Shepherd, Tim Woollings, and R. Alan Plumb. "Nonstationarity in Southern Hemisphere Climate Variability Associated with the Seasonal Breakdown of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex." Journal of Climate 30, no. 18 (2017): 7125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0097.1.

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Abstract Statistical models of climate generally regard climate variability as anomalies about a climatological seasonal cycle, which are treated as a stationary stochastic process plus a long-term seasonally dependent trend. However, the climate system has deterministic aspects apart from the climatological seasonal cycle and long-term trends, and the assumption of stationary statistics is only an approximation. The variability of the Southern Hemisphere zonal-mean circulation in the period encompassing late spring and summer is an important climate phenomenon and has been the subject of nume

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Solomon, Abraham, and L. M. Polvani. "Highly Significant Responses to Anthropogenic Forcings of the Midlatitude Jet in the Southern Hemisphere." Journal of Climate 29, no. 9 (2016): 3463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0034.1.

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Abstract It has been suggested that changes in the atmospheric circulation caused by anthropogenic forcings are highly uncertain, owing to the large natural variability intrinsic to the system. Here, to assess the statistical significance of such changes for the midlatitude, large-scale atmospheric circulation of the Southern Hemisphere, a new 40-member ensemble of integrations, from 1920 to 2080, of the Community Earth System Model, version 5, is analyzed together with a companion 1800-yr-long preindustrial control integration of the same fully coupled model. For simplicity, only the latitudi

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Ummenhofer, Caroline C., and Matthew H. England. "Interannual Extremes in New Zealand Precipitation Linked to Modes of Southern Hemisphere Climate Variability." Journal of Climate 20, no. 21 (2007): 5418–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1430.1.

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Abstract Interannual extremes in New Zealand rainfall and their modulation by modes of Southern Hemisphere climate variability are examined in observations and a coupled climate model. North Island extreme dry (wet) years are characterized by locally increased (reduced) sea level pressure (SLP), cold (warm) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the southern Tasman Sea and to the north of the island, and coinciding reduced (enhanced) evaporation upstream of the mean southwesterly airflow. During extreme dry (wet) years in South Island precipitation, an enhanced (reduced) meridional SLP gra

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Ding, Qinghua, and Bin Wang. "Circumglobal Teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere Summer*." Journal of Climate 18, no. 17 (2005): 3483–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3473.1.

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Abstract Analysis of the 56-yr NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data reveals a recurrent circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern in the summertime midlatitude circulation of the Northern Hemisphere. This pattern represents the second leading empirical orthogonal function of interannual variability of the upper-tropospheric circulation. The CGT, having a zonal wavenumber-5 structure, is primarily positioned within a waveguide that is associated with the westerly jet stream. The spatial phases of CGT tend to lock to preferred longitudes. The geographically phase-locked patterns bear close similarity durin

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Clem, Kyle R., and James A. Renwick. "Austral Spring Southern Hemisphere Circulation and Temperature Changes and Links to the SPCZ." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (2015): 7371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0125.1.

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Abstract Significant austral spring trends have previously been observed in West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula temperatures and in atmospheric circulation across the southern Pacific and Atlantic. Here, physical mechanisms for the observed trends are investigated through analysis of monthly circulation and temperatures from the ERA-Interim dataset and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. The negative pressure trend over the South Pacific during spring is strongest in September, while the positive pressure trend over the South Atlantic is strongest in October. Pressure trends in Novembe

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Lin, Zhongda. "The South Atlantic–South Indian Ocean Pattern: a Zonally Oriented Teleconnection along the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Jet in Austral Summer." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050259.

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Extratropical teleconnections significantly affect the climate in subtropical and mid-latitude regions. Understanding the variability of atmospheric teleconnection in the Southern Hemisphere, however, is still limited in contrast with the well-documented counterpart in the Northern Hemisphere. This study investigates the interannual variability of mid-latitude circulation in the Southern Hemisphere in austral summer based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset during 1980–2016. A stationary mid-latitude teleconnection is revealed along the strong Southern Hemisphere westerly jet over the South

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Ummenhofer, Caroline C., Alexander Sen Gupta, and Matthew H. England. "Causes of Late Twentieth-Century Trends in New Zealand Precipitation." Journal of Climate 22, no. 1 (2009): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2323.1.

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Abstract Late twentieth-century trends in New Zealand precipitation are examined using observations and reanalysis data for the period 1979–2006. One of the aims of this study is to investigate the link between these trends and recent changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. The contributions from changes in Southern Hemisphere climate modes, particularly the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the southern annular mode (SAM), are quantified for the austral summer season, December–February (DJF). Increasingly drier conditions over much of New Zealand c

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Kenyon, Jesse, and Gabriele C. Hegerl. "Influence of Modes of Climate Variability on Global Temperature Extremes." Journal of Climate 21, no. 15 (2008): 3872–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2125.1.

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Abstract The influence of large-scale modes of climate variability on worldwide summer and winter temperature extremes has been analyzed, namely, that of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific interdecadal climate variability. Monthly indexes for temperature extremes from worldwide land areas are used describe moderate extremes, such as the number of exceedences of the 90th and 10th climatological percentiles, and more extreme events such as the annual, most extreme temperature. This study examines which extremes show a statistically significant (5%) diff

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Byrne, Nicholas J., and Theodore G. Shepherd. "Seasonal Persistence of Circulation Anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere and Its Implications for the Troposphere." Journal of Climate 31, no. 9 (2018): 3467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0557.1.

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Previous studies have highlighted an important organizing influence of the seasonal Southern Hemisphere stratospheric vortex breakdown on the large-scale stratospheric and tropospheric circulation. The present study extends this work by considering the statistical predictability of the stratospheric vortex breakdown event, using reanalysis data. Perturbations to the winter stratospheric vortex are shown to persist into austral spring and to lead to a shift in the statistics of the breakdown event during austral summer. This is interpreted as evidence for the potential for seasonal predictabili

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Rashid, Harun A., and Ian Simmonds. "Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode Variability and the Role of Optimal Nonmodal Growth." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (2005): 1947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3444.1.

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Abstract The southern annular mode is the leading mode of Southern Hemisphere circulation variability, the temporal evolution of which is characterized by large amplitudes and significant persistence. Previous investigators have suggested a positive feedback mechanism that explains some of this low-frequency variance. Here, a mechanism is proposed, involving transient nonmodal growths of the anomalies, that is at least as effective as the positive feedback mechanism in increasing the low-frequency variance of the southern annular mode. Using the vector autoregressive modeling technique, a numb

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Osman, Marisol, and Carolina S. Vera. "Predictability of Extratropical Upper-Tropospheric Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere by Its Main Modes of Variability." Journal of Climate 33, no. 4 (2020): 1405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0122.1.

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AbstractThe predictability and forecast skill of the models participating in the Climate Historical Forecast Project (CHFP) database is assessed through evaluating the representation of the upper-tropospheric extratropical circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter and summer and its main modes of variability. In summer, the predictability of 200-hPa geopotential height anomalies mainly comes from the ability of the multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) to forecast the first three modes of interannual variability with high fidelity. The MMEM can reproduce not only the spatial patterns of

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Grainger, Simon, Carsten S. Frederiksen, and Xiaogu Zheng. "Modes of interannual variability of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation in CMIP3 models: assessment and projections." Climate Dynamics 41, no. 2 (2013): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1659-7.

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Zhang, Tao, Martin P. Hoerling, Judith Perlwitz, and Taiyi Xu. "Forced Atmospheric Teleconnections during 1979–2014." Journal of Climate 29, no. 7 (2016): 2333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0226.1.

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Abstract Forced atmospheric teleconnections during 1979–2014 are examined using a 50-member ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations subjected to observed variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs), sea ice, and carbon dioxide. Three primary modes of forced variability are identified using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the ensemble mean wintertime extratropical Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa heights. The principal component time series of the first and second modes are highly correlated with Niño-3.4 and trans-Niño (TNI) SST indices, respectively,

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Cai, Wenju, and Ian G. Watterson. "Modes of Interannual Variability of the Southern Hemisphere Circulation Simulated by the CSIRO Climate Model." Journal of Climate 15, no. 10 (2002): 1159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1159:moivot>2.0.co;2.

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