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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Hemisphere'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Xue, Jiaqing, Bingchao Wang, Yongkui Yu, Jianping Li, Cheng Sun, and Jiangyu Mao. "Multidecadal variation of northern hemisphere summer monsoon forced by the SST inter-hemispheric dipole." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (2022): 044033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5a65.

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Abstract The sea surface temperature inter-hemispheric dipole (SSTID) is an important variability mode of global SST anomalies, characterized by an anti-phase variation of SST between the two hemispheres. In this study, the decadal variation of the northern hemisphere summer monsoon (NHSM) is found to be strongly regulated by the SSTID, with positive (negative) phases of the SSTID corresponding to the strengthening (weakening) of NHSM. Both observation and SST-forced atmospheric model simulations suggest that the SSTID related thermal forcing modulates the NHSM by causing planetary-scale atmos

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2

Virtanen, I. O. I., I. I. Virtanen, A. A. Pevtsov, and K. Mursula. "Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732323.

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Aims. Sunspot activity is often hemispherically asymmetric, and during the Maunder minimum, activity was almost completely limited to one hemisphere. In this work, we use surface flux simulation to study how magnetic activity limited only to the southern hemisphere affects the long-term evolution of the photospheric magnetic field in both hemispheres. The key question is whether sunspot activity in one hemisphere is enough to reverse the polarity of polar fields in both hemispheres. Methods. We simulated the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field from 1978 to 2016 using the observed acti

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3

Fedorov, Valery, and Denis Frolov. "Change in Earth’s solar climate over the period from 1900 to 2100." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 11, no. 2 (2025): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-112202502.

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The paper presents the results of the analysis of changes in Earth’s solar climate over the period from 1900 to 2100. It has been determined that the annual meridional gradient of irradiation intensity from 1900 to 2100 and latitudinal differences in the Earth irradiation intensity increase. A relative increase in winter irradiation intensity for the hemispheres is observed in the regions where extratropical cyclones develop, which may contribute to the activation of cyclonic processes in the atmosphere in the winter half-year. In the Northern Hemisphere, seasonal differences in the irradiatio

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4

Chowdhury, Partha, Ravindra Belur, Luca Bertello, and Alexei A. Pevtsov. "Analysis of Solar Hemispheric Chromosphere Properties using the Kodaikanal Observatory Ca–K Index." Astrophysical Journal 925, no. 1 (2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3983.

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Abstract The Kodaikanal Observatory has provided long-term synoptic observations of chromospheric activities in the Ca ii K line (393.34 nm) since 1907. This article investigates temporal and periodic variations of the hemispheric Ca–K-index time series in the low-latitude zone (±40°), utilizing the recently digitized photographic plates of Ca–K images from the Kodaikanal Observatory for the period of 1907–1980. We find that the temporal evolution of the Ca–K index differs from one hemisphere to another, with the solar cycle peaking at different times in the opposite hemisphere, except for cyc

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5

Awuor, Adero Ochieng, Paul Baki, Joseph Olwendo, and Pieter Kotze. "Storm-Time Behaviour of Meso-Scale Field-Aligned Currents: Case Study with Three Geomagnetic Storm Events." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 36, no. 3 (2019): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2019.36.3.133.

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Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite magnetic data are used to investigate the latitudinal variation of the storm-time meso-scale field-aligned currents by defining a new metric called the FAC range. Three major geomagnetic storm events are considered. Alongside SymH, the possible contributions from solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ are also investigated. The results show that the new metric predicts the latitudinal variation of FACs better than previous studies. As expected, the equatorward expansion and poleward retreat are observed during

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6

Lin 林, Jiaqi 家琪, Feng 锋. Wang 王, Linhua 林华 Deng 邓, Hui 辉. Deng 邓, Ying 盈. Mei 梅, and Xiaojuan 小娟 Zhang 张. "Evolutionary Relationship between Sunspot Groups and Soft X-Ray Flares over Solar Cycles 21–25." Astrophysical Journal 958, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0469.

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Abstract Studying the interaction between solar flares and sunspot groups (SGs) is crucial for understanding and predicting solar activity. We examined the distribution, correlation, and flaring rates in the northern and southern hemispheres to reveal the relationship between different classes of soft X-ray (SXR) flares and different magnetic classifications of SGs. We discovered a significant north–south asymmetry in SXR flares and SG distribution over Solar Cycles (SC) 21–25. In the rising phase of SC24, the northern hemisphere’s activity is significantly excessive. In the declining phase of

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7

Zuo, Meng, Tianjun Zhou, and Wenmin Man. "Hydroclimate Responses over Global Monsoon Regions Following Volcanic Eruptions at Different Latitudes." Journal of Climate 32, no. 14 (2019): 4367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0707.1.

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Abstract Understanding the influence of volcanic eruptions on the hydroclimate over global monsoon regions is of great scientific and social importance. However, the link between the latitude of volcanic eruptions and related hydroclimate changes over global monsoon regions in the last millennium remains inconclusive. Here we show divergent hydroclimate responses after different volcanic eruptions based on large sets of reconstructions, observations, and climate model simulation. Both the proxy and observations show that Northern Hemispheric (Southern Hemispheric) monsoon precipitation is weak

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8

Gary, B. L. "Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 9167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-9167-2008.

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Abstract. Isentrope surfaces in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere reveal that air parcels undergo mesoscale temperature fluctuations that depend on latitude and season. The largest temperature fluctuations occur at high latitude winter, whereas the smallest fluctuations occur at high latitude summer. This is the same pattern found for the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. However, the amplitude of the seasonal dependence in the Southern Hemisphere is only 37% of the Northern Hemisphere's seasonal amplitude.

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9

Gary, B. L. "Mesoscale temperature fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 16 (2008): 4677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4677-2008.

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Abstract. Isentrope surfaces in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere reveal that air parcels undergo mesoscale temperature fluctuations that depend on latitude and season. The largest temperature fluctuations occur at high latitude winter, whereas the smallest fluctuations occur at high latitude summer. This is the same pattern found for the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. However, the amplitude of the seasonal dependence in the Southern Hemisphere is only 37% of the Northern Hemisphere's seasonal amplitude.

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10

Doronin, Grigoriy, Irina Mironova, Nikita Bobrov, and Eugene Rozanov. "Mesospheric Ozone Depletion during 2004–2024 as a Function of Solar Proton Events Intensity." Atmosphere 15, no. 8 (2024): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080944.

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Solar proton events (SPEs) affect the Earth’s atmosphere, causing additional ionization in the high-latitude mesosphere and stratosphere. Ionization rates from such solar proton events maximize in the stratosphere, but the formation of ozone-depleting nitrogen and hydrogen oxides begins at mesospheric altitudes. The destruction of mesospheric ozone is associated with protons with energies of about 10 MeV and higher and will strongly depend on the intensity of the flux of these particles. Most studies investigating the impact of SPEs on the characteristics of the middle atmosphere have been bas

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11

Hogg, Alan G., Timothy J. Heaton, Quan Hua, et al. "SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–55,000 Years cal BP." Radiocarbon 62, no. 4 (2020): 759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.59.

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ABSTRACTEarly researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We detail the statistical approaches used for curve construction and present recommendations for the use of the Northern Hemisphere curve (IntCal20

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12

Kettle, A. J., U. Kuhn, M. von Hobe, J. Kesselmeier, P. S. Liss, and M. O. Andreae. "Comparing forward and inverse models to estimate the seasonal variation of hemisphere-integrated fluxes of carbonyl sulfide." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2, no. 5 (2002): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-343-2002.

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Abstract. A simple inverse model is proposed to deduce hemisphere-integrated COS flux based on published time series of total column COS. The global atmosphere is divided into two boxes representing the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the total column COS data from several stations are used to calculate hemispheric COS loadings. The integrated flux within each hemisphere is calculated as a linear combination of a steady-state solution and time-varying perturbation. The nature of the time-varying perturbation is deduced using two different approaches: an analytic solution based on a cosi

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Kettle, A. J., U. Kuhn, M. von Hobe, J. Kesselmeier, P. S. Liss, and M. O. Andreae. "Comparing forward and inverse models to estimate the seasonal variation of hemisphere-integrated fluxes of carbonyl sulfide." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 3 (2002): 577–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-577-2002.

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Abstract. A simple inverse model is proposed to deduce hemisphere-integrated COS flux based on published time series of total column COS. The global atmosphere is divided into two boxes representing the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the total column COS data from several stations are used to deduce hemispheric COS loadings. The integrated flux within each hemisphere is calculated as a linear combination of a steady-state solution and time-varying perturbation. The nature of the time-varying perturbation is deduced using two different approaches: an analytic solution based on a cosine

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14

Aparicio, A. J. P., V. M. S. Carrasco, M. C. Gallego, and J. M. Vaquero. "Hemispheric Sunspot Number from the Madrid Astronomical Observatory for the Period 1935–1986." Astrophysical Journal 931, no. 1 (2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5dc6.

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Abstract Long-term studies on hemispheric asymmetry can help to understand better the solar dynamo. We present the hemispheric sunspot number calculated from daily sunspot observations made at the Madrid Astronomical Observatory for the period 1935–1986 (corresponding approximately to Solar Cycles 17–21). From this data set, we also analyzed the asymmetry index and hemispheric phase shifts. We conclude that the northern hemisphere was predominant in Solar Cycles 17–20, whereas the southern hemisphere was predominant in Solar cycle 21. The strongest asymmetries are found in Solar Cycles 20 (wit

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15

Eigen, Jacob. "The Southern Hemisphere." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2020.0013.

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16

RAVEN, P. H. "Southern Hemisphere Biota." Science 191, no. 4226 (2003): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.191.4226.460.

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17

Orchiston, Wayne. "Southern Hemisphere Observations." Highlights of Astronomy 12 (2002): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600013654.

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AbstractBecause of insurmountable problems associated with absolute dating, the non-literate cultures of the Southern Hemisphere can contribute little to Applied Historical Astronomy, although Maori traditions document a possible supernova dating to the period 1000-1770AD. In contrast, the abundant nineteenth century solar, planetary, cometary and stellar observational data provided by Southern Hemisphere professional and amateur observatories can serve as an invaluable mine of information for present-day astronomers seeking to incorporate historical data in their investigations.

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18

Sykes, T. J. S., J. Y. Royer, A. T. S. Ramsay, and R. B. Kidd. "Southern hemisphere palaeobathymetry." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 131, no. 1 (1998): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1998.131.01.02.

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19

Eigen, Jacob. "The Southern Hemisphere." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.13660.

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20

Hachmeister, Jonas, Oliver Schneising, Michael Buchwitz, John P. Burrows, Justus Notholt, and Matthias Buschmann. "Zonal variability of methane trends derived from satellite data." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 1 (2024): 577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-577-2024.

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Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite is part of the latest generation of trace gas monitoring satellites and provides a new level of spatio-temporal information with daily global coverage, which enables the calculation of daily globally averaged CH4 concentrations. To investigate changes in atmospheric methane, the background CH4 level (i.e. the CH4 concentration without seasonal and short-term variations) has to be determined. CH4 growth rates vary in a complex manner and high-latitude zonal averages may have gaps in the

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21

Naud, Catherine M., Derek J. Posselt, and Susan C. van den Heever. "Observational Analysis of Cloud and Precipitation in Midlatitude Cyclones: Northern versus Southern Hemisphere Warm Fronts." Journal of Climate 25, no. 14 (2012): 5135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00569.1.

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Abstract Extratropical cyclones are responsible for most of the precipitation and wind damage in the midlatitudes during the cold season, but there are still uncertainties on how they will change in a warming climate. A ubiquitous problem among general circulation models (GCMs) is a lack of cloudiness over the southern oceans that may be in part caused by a lack of clouds in cyclones. This study analyzes CloudSat, Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) observations for three au

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22

Timmermann, Axel, Oliver Timm, Lowell Stott, and Laurie Menviel. "The Roles of CO2 and Orbital Forcing in Driving Southern Hemispheric Temperature Variations during the Last 21 000 Yr*." Journal of Climate 22, no. 7 (2009): 1626–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2161.1.

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Abstract Transient climate model simulations covering the last 21 000 yr reveal that orbitally driven insolation changes in the Southern Hemisphere, combined with a rise in atmospheric pCO2, were sufficient to jump-start the deglacial warming around Antarctica without direct Northern Hemispheric triggers. Analyses of sensitivity experiments forced with only one external forcing component (greenhouse gases, ice-sheet forcing, or orbital forcing) demonstrate that austral spring insolation changes triggered an early retreat of Southern Ocean sea ice starting around 19–18 ka BP. The associated sea

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23

Burns, Stephen J. "Speleothem records of changes in tropical hydrology over the Holocene and possible implications for atmospheric methane." Holocene 21, no. 5 (2011): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611400194.

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Recent speleothem records from the tropics of both hemispheres document a gradual decrease in the intensity of the monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere and increase in the Southern Hemisphere monsoons over the Holocene. These changes are a direct response of the monsoons to precession-driven insolation variability. With regard to atmospheric methane, this shift should result in a decrease in Northern Hemisphere tropical methane emissions and increase in Southern Hemisphere emissions. It is plausible that that overall tropical methane production experienced a minimum in the mid-Holocene because

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Voigt, Aiko, Bjorn Stevens, Jürgen Bader, and Thorsten Mauritsen. "The Observed Hemispheric Symmetry in Reflected Shortwave Irradiance." Journal of Climate 26, no. 2 (2013): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00132.1.

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Abstract While the concentration of landmasses and atmospheric aerosols on the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the Northern Hemisphere is brighter than the Southern Hemisphere, satellite measurements of top-of-atmosphere irradiances found that both hemispheres reflect nearly the same amount of shortwave irradiance. Here, the authors document that the most precise and accurate observation, the energy balanced and filled dataset of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System covering the period 2000–10, measures an absolute hemispheric difference in reflected shortwave irradiance of 0.1 W

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Ozguc, Atila, Ali Kilcik, Volkan Sarp, Hülya Yeşilyaprak, and Rıza Pektaş. "Periodic Variation of Solar Flare Index for the Last Solar Cycle (Cycle 24)." Advances in Astronomy 2021 (August 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5391091.

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In this study, we used the flare index (FI) data taken from Kandilli Observatory for the period of 2009–2020. The data sets are analyzed in three categories as Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and total FI data sets. Total FI data set is obtained from the sum of Northern and Southern Hemispheric values. In this study, the periodic variations of abovementioned three categories FI data sets were investigated by using the MTM and Morlet wavelet analysis methods. The wavelet coherence (XWT) and cross wavelet (WTC) analysis methods were also performed between these data sets. As a result o

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McCormac, F. G., P. J. Reimer, A. G. Hogg, et al. "Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale for the Southern Hemisphere: Ad 1850–950." Radiocarbon 44, no. 3 (2002): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200032094.

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We have conducted a series of radiocarbon measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated wood from both hemispheres, spanning 1000 years (McCormac et al. 1998; Hogg et al. this issue). Using the data presented in Hogg et al., we show that during the period AD 950–1850 the 14C offset between the hemispheres is not constant, but varies periodically (∼130 yr periodicity) with amplitudes varying between 1 and 10% (i.e. 8–80 yr), with a consequent effect on the 14C calibration of material from the Southern Hemisphere. A large increase in the offset occurs between AD 1245 and 1355. I

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Deng, L. H., Y. Fei, H. Deng, Y. Mei, and F. Wang. "Spatial distribution of quasi-biennial oscillations in high-latitude solar activity." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 4 (2020): 4930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1061.

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ABSTRACT Quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) are considered to be a fundamental mode of solar magnetic activity at low latitudes (≤50°). However, the evolutionary aspect and the hemispheric distribution of solar QBOs at high latitudes (≥60°) are rarely studied. Here, we apply a relatively novel time-frequency analysis technique, called the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, in order to extract the main components of the polar faculae in the Northern and Southern hemispheres for the time interval from 1951 August to 1998 December. We note the following. (i) Apart from the 22-yr Hale cycle, the 1

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Garny, H., G. E. Bodeker, D. Smale, M. Dameris, and V. Grewe. "Drivers of hemispheric differences in return dates of mid-latitude stratospheric ozone to historical levels." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 15 (2013): 7279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7279-2013.

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Abstract. Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) project an earlier return of northern mid-latitude total column ozone to 1980 values compared to the southern mid-latitudes. The chemical and dynamical drivers of this hemispheric difference are investigated in this study. The hemispheric asymmetry in return dates is a robust result across different CCMs and is qualitatively independent of the method used to estimate return dates. However, the differences in dates of return to 1980 levels between the southern and northern mid-latitudes can vary between 0 and 30 yr across the range of CCM projections an

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Martin, Jonathan E., and Taylor Norton. "Waviness of the Southern Hemisphere wintertime polar and subtropical jets." Weather and Climate Dynamics 4, no. 4 (2023): 875–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-875-2023.

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Abstract. The recently developed average latitudinal displacement (ALD) methodology is applied to assess the waviness of the austral-winter subtropical and polar jets using three different reanalysis data sets. As in the wintertime Northern Hemisphere, both jets in the Southern Hemisphere have become systematically wavier over the time series and the waviness of each jet evolves quite independently of the other during most cold seasons. Also, like its Northern Hemisphere equivalent, the Southern Hemisphere polar jet exhibits no trend in speed (though it is notably slower), while its poleward s

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Язев, Сергей, Sergey Yazev, Александр Мордвинов, Aleksandr Mordvinov, Антонина Дворкина-Самарская, and Antonina Dvorkina-Samarskaya. "Corona during the total solar eclipse on March 20, 2015, and 24 cycle development." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2, no. 2 (2016): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20995.

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We analyzed the structure of coronal features, using data on the March 20, 2015 total solar eclipse. The Ludendorff index characterizing the flattening of the corona is 0.09. The solar corona structure in the Northern and Southern hemispheres corresponds to the maximum and post-maximum phases of solar activity, respectively. The asynchronous development of magnetic activity in the Sun’s Northern and Southern hemispheres caused a substantial asymmetry of coronal features observed at the reversal of polar magnetic fields in the current cycle. The polar ray structures in the Southern Hemisphere a

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Baird, Mackenzie A., Sushanta C. Tripathy, and Kiran Jain. "Connection between Subsurface Layers and Surface Magnetic Activity over Multiple Solar Cycles Using GONG Observations." Astrophysical Journal 962, no. 2 (2024): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad16db.

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Abstract We investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of high-degree acoustic-mode frequencies of the Sun and surface magnetic activity over the course of multiple solar cycles, to improve our understanding of the connection between the solar interior and atmosphere. We focus on high-degree p-modes due to their ability to characterize conditions in the shear layer just below the solar surface, and analyze 22 yr of oscillation frequencies obtained from the Global Oscillation Network Group. Considering 10.7 cm radio flux measurements, the sunspot number, and the local magnetic activity index as s

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Cai, Jinzhuo, Haiyuan Yang, Bolan Gan, Hong Wang, Zhaohui Chen, and Lixin Wu. "Evolution of Meridional Heat Transport by Subtropical Western Boundary Currents in a Warming Climate Predicted by High-Resolution Models." Journal of Climate 36, no. 22 (2023): 8007–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-23-0100.1.

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Abstract Subtropical western boundary currents (WBCs) are among the most energetic currents in the global circulation system and play an important role in the oceanic meridional heat transport (OHT). Based on nine high-resolution global coupled climate models, this study investigates the change of OHT by subtropical WBCs (WHT) under global warming. We found that WHT in both hemispheres depicts a weakening trend during 1950–2050, primarily caused by the transport change of WBCs. In the Northern Hemisphere, weakening of the Gulf Stream resulting from the slowing AMOC leads to the hemispheric WHT

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Bian, Jianpu, Jouni Räisänen, and Heikki Seppä. "Mid-Holocene Intertropical Convergence Zone migration: connection with Hadley cell dynamics and impacts on terrestrial hydroclimate." Climate of the Past 21, no. 7 (2025): 1209–33. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1209-2025.

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Abstract. This study investigates the multiple changes of the Hadley cell (HC) in response to the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and their combined influence on the terrestrial hydrological cycle during the mid-Holocene, using simulations from the PMIP4–CMIP6 archive. Our results show that the annual global ITCZ position shifts northward by 0.2 and 0.3° as a multi-model mean using two different precipitation metrics, which is consistent with proxy evidence of a slight northward shift during the mid-Holocene. As the ITCZ is co-located with the rising branch of

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Zhang, Yongqiang, Congcong Li, Francis H. S. Chiew, et al. "Southern Hemisphere dominates recent decline in global water availability." Science 382, no. 6670 (2023): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh0716.

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Global land water underpins livelihoods, socioeconomic development, and ecosystems. It remains unclear how water availability has changed in recent decades. Using an ensemble of observations, we quantified global land water availability over the past two decades. We show that the Southern Hemisphere has dominated the declining trend in global water availability from 2001 to 2020. The significant decrease occurs mainly in South America, southwestern Africa, and northwestern Australia. In the Northern Hemisphere, the complex regional increasing and decreasing trends cancel each other, resulting

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35

Wendland, Wayne M., and Neil S. Mcdonald. "Southern Hemisphere Airstream Climatology." Monthly Weather Review 114, no. 1 (1986): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1986)114<0088:shac>2.0.co;2.

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36

Reynolds, J. E., D. L. Jauncey, K. J. Johnston, et al. "Southern Hemisphere VLBI Astometry." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 127 (1991): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100064150.

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37

Pittock, A. B., and M. J. Salinger. "Southern Hemisphere climate scenarios." Climatic Change 18, no. 2-3 (1991): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138998.

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38

Ellingsen, Simon, Mark Reid, Karl Menten, et al. "Southern Hemisphere Maser Astrometry." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 18, S380 (2022): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323002661.

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AbstractMany astrophysical phenomena can only be studied in detail for objects in our galaxy, the Milly Way, but we know much more about the structure of thousands of nearby galaxies than we do about our own Galaxy. Accurate distance measurements in the Milky Way underpin our ability to understand a wide range of astrophysical phenomena and this requires observations from both the northern and southern hemisphere. Our ability to measure accurate parallaxes to southern masers has been hampered a range of factors, in particular the absence of a dedicated, homogeneous VLBI array in the south. We

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Butt, Nathalie. "Geographical bias constrains global knowledge of phenological change." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 4 (2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18073.

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Climate change is already driving shifts in phenology, the timing of life-history events such as flowering, fruiting, egg-laying, birth, and migration, and this is set to increase. Although climate change is happening, and will continue to happen, globally, most of our ecological knowledge around its potential impacts on phenology is derived from temperate areas and ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere, and information from the Southern Hemisphere is greatly lacking. This would not be a problem if biomes, ecosystems, species assemblages and species were the same in the Northern and Southern H

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Mayewski, P. A., and K. A. Maasch. "Recent warming inconsistent with natural association between temperature and atmospheric circulation over the last 2000 years." Climate of the Past Discussions 2, no. 3 (2006): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-2-327-2006.

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Abstract. Comparison between proxies for atmospheric circulation and temperature reveals associations over the last few decades that are inconsistent with those of the past 2000 years. Notably, patterns of middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation in both hemispheres are still within the range of variability of the last 6–10 centuries while, as demonstrated by Mann and Jones (2003), Northern Hemisphere temperatures over recent decades are the highest of the last 2000 years. Further, recent temperature change precedes change in middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation unlike the tw

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Canales-Aguirre, Cristian B., Peter A. Ritchie, Sebastián Hernández, et al. "Phylogenetic relationships, origin and historical biogeography of the genus Sprattus (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae)." PeerJ 9 (August 18, 2021): e11737. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11737.

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The genus Sprattus comprises five species of marine pelagic fishes distributed worldwide in antitropical, temperate waters. Their distribution suggests an ancient origin during a cold period of the earth’s history. In this study, we evaluated this hypothesis and corroborated the non-monophyly of the genus Sprattus, using a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequences of five mitochondrial genome regions. Sprattus sprattus is more closely related to members of the genus Clupea than to other Sprattus species. We also investigated the historical biogeography of the genus, with the phylogenetic tr

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Belenkaya, E. S., S. W. H. Cowley, V. V. Kalegaev, O. G. Barinov, and W. O. Barinova. "Magnetic interconnection of Saturn's polar regions: comparison of modelling results with Hubble Space Telescope UV auroral images." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 8 (2013): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1447-2013.

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Abstract. We consider the magnetic interconnection of Saturn's northern and southern polar regions controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), studying in particular the more complex and interesting case of southward IMF, when the Kronian magnetospheric magnetic field structure is the most twisted. The simpler case of northward IMF is also discussed. Knowledge of the magnetospheric magnetic field structure is very significant, for example, for investigation of the electric fields and field-aligned currents in Saturn's environment, particularly those which cause the auroral emissions

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Karpova, L. S., M. Yu Pelikh, M. Yu Eropkin, et al. "The Epidemiological Situation of Influenza in the World and Russia in the Season 2014 – 2015." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 14, no. 4 (2015): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-4-8-17.

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Comparison of spatial-temporal spread of influenza in the Northern and southern hemispheres according to the WHO and the analysis of the epidemic of influenza in Russia in the 2014 – 2015 season, according to the research Institute of influenza on the incidence of influenza and ARI in 59 cities of Russia.It is shown that in the season 2014 – 2015 in the Northern hemisphere, the intensity of the epidemics was higher in North America and Europe than East Asia and North Africa. In the Southern hemisphere have experienced low influenza activity. In the etiology of epidemics in countries of both he

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Sierra, Carlos A. "Forecasting Atmospheric Radiocarbon Decline to Pre-Bomb Values." Radiocarbon 60, no. 4 (2018): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.33.

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AbstractIn this manuscript, I present an estimation of the rate of decline in atmospheric radiocarbon and the amplitude of its seasonal cycle for the past four decades for the northern and southern hemispheres, and forecast the time required to reach pre-1950 levels (i.e. Δ14C<0‰). Using a set of 30 different exponential smoothing state-space models, the time series were decomposed into their error, trend, and seasonal components, choosing the model that best represented the observed data. According to the best model, the rate of change in Δ14C has decreased considerably since the 1970s and

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Danilov, A. D., A. V. Konstantinova, and N. A. Berbeneva. "Trends in the critical frequency <i>foF</i>2 at stations of the Northern and Southern hemispheres." Geomagnetizm i aèronomiâ 64, no. 3 (2024): 386–99. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0016794024030059.

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A search for long-term trends in the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 is performed based on vertical sounding observations at three stations of the Northern Hemisphere (Juliusruh, Boulder, and Moscow) and three stations of the Southern Hemisphere (Townsville, Hobart, and Canberra). A method developed and extensively described by the authors is used. The data for two winter months in each hemisphere for five near-noon LT moments were analyzed. Three solar activity (SA) proxies (F30, Ly-α, and MgII) were used to eliminate SA effects. Negative trends are obtained for all considered situations (st

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Pishkalo, M. "Reversal of Sun’s polar magnetic field in solar cycle." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Astronomy, no. 58 (2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/btsnua.2018.58.17-21.

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The connection of solar activity expressed by international sunspot (Wolf) numbers in the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun in the current 24th cycle with the time of polar magnetic field reversal in the corresponding hemisphere is investigated. It was obtained that: – The change of the sign of the polar magnetic field at the southern pole occurs almost a year later than in the north. – The polar magnetic field reversals do not coincide with the maximum activity in each of the hemispheres. In the northern hemisphere, the activity maximum was observed almost one and a half years earl

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Kitagawa, H., Hitoshi Mukai, Yukihiro Nojiri, Yasuyuki Shibata, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, and Tomoko Nojiri. "Seasonal and Secular Variations of Atmospheric 14Co2 Over the Western Pacific Since 1994." Radiocarbon 46, no. 2 (2004): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035943.

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Air sample collections over the western Pacific have continued since 1992 as a part of Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (CGER-NIES) global environmental monitoring program. The air samples collected on the Japan-Australia transect made it possible to trace the seasonal and secular 14CO2 variations, as well as an increasing trend of greenhouse gases over the western Pacific. A subset of CO2 samples from latitudes of 10–15°N and 23–28°S were chosen for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis using a NIES-TERRA AMS with a 0.3–0.4% pre

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Sydeman, W. J., D. S. Schoeman, S. A. Thompson, et al. "Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels." Science 372, no. 6545 (2021): 980–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410513.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Sampling seabirds The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman et al. looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there

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Sydeman, W. J., D. S. Schoeman, S. A. Thompson, et al. "Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels." Science 372, no. 6545 (2021): 980–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410513.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Sampling seabirds The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman et al. looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there

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Sydeman, W. J., D. S. Schoeman, S. A. Thompson, et al. "Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels." Science 372, no. 6545 (2021): 980–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13410513.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Sampling seabirds The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman et al. looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there

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