Journal articles: 'Southern Madagascar'

1

Wright, Henry T. "The archaeology of southern Madagascar." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47, no. 3 (September 2012): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2012.678777.

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Balistrieri, Carlo A. "Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar." Brittonia 59, no. 3 (2007): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2007)59[298:sosaam]2.0.co;2.

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Schmid, Rudolf, and Peter V. Bruyns. "Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar." Taxon 55, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065668.

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Verbruggen, Heroen, and Joana F. Costa. "Molecular Survey ofCodiumSpecies Diversity in Southern Madagascar." Cryptogamie, Algologie 36, no. 2 (May 2015): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/crya.v36.iss2.2015.171.

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Dell'Angelo, Bruno, Giovanni Prelle, Maurizio Sosso, and Antonio Bonfitto. "Intertidal Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Southern Madagascar." African Invertebrates 52, no. 1 (June 2011): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.052.0103.

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Ackermand, D., B. F. Windley, and A. Razafiniparany. "The Precambrian mobile belt of southern Madagascar." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 43, no. 1 (1989): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.043.01.20.

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Makoni, Munyaradzi. "Southern Madagascar faces “shocking” lack of food." Lancet 397, no. 10291 (June 2021): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01296-4.

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CHAN, BENNY KWOK KAN, CHIH-HSIUNG HSU, and PEI-CHEN TSAI. "Morphology and distribution of the acorn barnacle Tetraclita reni nom. nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in Madagascar and adjacent waters." Zootaxa 2019, no. 1 (February 23, 2009): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2019.1.4.

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In Madagascan waters, both Tetraclita rufotincta Pilsbry 1916 and T. africana Ren 1989 have been reported. Tetraclita rufotincta is more widely distributed than T. africana, extending to the western Indian Ocean and east Africa. Tetraclita africana is reported from Madagascar and no further distribution record has been made apart from its type locality. Both species have pink parietes and are similar in size, which could lead to identification confusion. In this study, we revealed that T. africana differed from T. rufotincta in having multicuspidate setae on cirrus III, a feature that can be observed with both light microscopy and SEM. Additionally, the tergum of T. africana has a rounded spur and a larger basi-scutal angle than that of T. rufotincta. However, since the name Tetraclita africana has been pre-occupied under the name Tesseropora (Tetraclita) wireni africana Nilsson-Cantell, 1932, we, therefore, propose herein a replacement name, Tetraclita reni nom. nov. Based on museum specimens examined, Tetraclita reni nom. nov. is present in northeastern and southern Madagascar and Mauritius but absent from Yemen, Kenya, South Africa, Aldabra and northwestern Madagascar, suggesting the distribution of T. reni nom. nov. could be confined to the south and northeast of Madagascar and adjacent waters.

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Palastanga, V., H. A. Dijkstra, and W. P. M. de Ruijter. "Inertially Induced Connections between Subgyres in the South Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3872.1.

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Abstract A barotropic shallow-water model and continuation techniques are used to investigate steady solutions in an idealized South Indian Ocean basin containing Madagascar. The aim is to study the role of inertia in a possible connection between two subgyres in the South Indian Ocean. By increasing inertial effects in the model, two different circulation regimes are found. In the weakly nonlinear regime, the subtropical gyre presents a recirculation cell in the southwestern basin, with two boundary currents flowing westward from the southern and northern tips of Madagascar toward Africa. In the highly nonlinear regime, the inertial recirculation of the subtropical gyre is found to the east of Madagascar, while the East Madagascar Current overshoots the island’s southern boundary and connects through a southwestward jet with the current off South Africa.

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EVENHUIS, NEAL L. "A remarkable new species of Empidideicus (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) from Madagascar." Zootaxa 1474, no. 1 (May 14, 2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1474.1.2.

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A new species of Empidideicus, E. rhinoclypeatus, n. sp. from Madagascar is described and illustrated. It marks the first published description of a species of the genus from Madagascar. The new species is noteworthy in that it possesses a remarkable elongation of the clypeus. A key to species of Empidideicus from southern Africa, Sokotra, and Madagascar is presented.

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LaCasce, J. H., and P. E. Isachsen. "On Sverdrup Discontinuities and Vortices in the Southwest Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 2940–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3652.1.

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Abstract The southwest Indian Ocean is distinguished by discontinuities in the wind-driven Sverdrup circulation. These connect the northern and southern tips of Madagascar with Africa and the southern tip of Africa with South America. In an analytical barotropic model with a flat bottom, the discontinuities produce intense westward jets. Those off the northern tip of Madagascar and the southern tip of Africa are always present, while the strength of that off southern Madagascar depends on the position of the zero curl line in the Indian Ocean (the jet is strong if the line intersects Madagascar but weak if the line is north of the island). All three jets are barotropically unstable by the Rayleigh–Kuo criterion. The authors studied the development of the instability using a primitive equation model, with a flat bottom and realistic coastlines. The model produced westward jets at the three sites and these became unstable after several weeks, generating 200–300-km scale eddies. The eddies generated west of Madagascar are in accord with observations and with previous numerical studies. The model’s Agulhas eddies are similar in size to the observed eddies, both the anticyclonic rings and the cyclones that form to the west of the tip of South Africa. However, the model’s Agulhas does not retroflect, most likely because of its lack of stratification and topography, and so cannot capture pinching-off events. It is noteworthy nevertheless that a retroflection is not required to produce eddies here.

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12

Pearson, Mike Parker. "Reassessing ROBERT DRURY'S JOURNAL as A Historical Source for Southern Madagascar." History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171942.

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In 1729 a book entitled Madagascar: or Robert Drury's Journal During Fifteen Years Captivity on that Island was published in London. It describes the shipwreck of an East Indiaman on the south coast of Madagascar, the enforced stay of the crew at the royal capital of the Antandroy people, the crew's escape and massacre, the survival of the midshipmen, including Drury, as royal slaves, and Drury's eventual escape to the English colony of St. Augustine. It purports to be his authentic account, digested into order by a transcriber or editor and published at the request of his friends. A certification of its authenticity is provided at the front of the first edition by Captain William Mackett, the ship's captain who brought Drury back to England, and the author states that if anyone doubts the veracity of his tale or wishes for a further account, he is “to be found every day at Old Tom's Coffee-house in Birchin Lane, London.”The tale bears many superficial resemblances to Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Knox's An Historical Relation of Ceylon and the anonymous editor is at pains to state in the preface that the book was undoubtedly likely to be “…taken for such another romance as ‘Robinson Crusoe’…” whereas it was “…nothing else but a plain, honest narrative of matter of fact.” If this is the case, then Drury's account provides a fascinating insight into the world of an emergent Malagasy kingdom at the beginning of the eighteenth century. This was a crucial moment in Madagascar's history, when the European world of long-distance trade, slaving, and piracy was exerting a strong impact on the local people, culminating in colonization by France two centuries later.

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Leistner, O. A., G. F. Smith, and H. F. Glen. "PODOCARPACEAE." Bothalia 25, no. 2 (October 9, 1995): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v25i2.731.

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Macron, Clémence, Yves Richard, Thomas Garot, Miloud Bessafi, Benjamin Pohl, Adolphe Ratiarison, and Andrianaharimanana Razafindrabe. "Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability over Madagascar." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 5 (May 2016): 1877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0077.1.

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Using daily rain gauge records for Madagascar and nearby islands, this paper investigates rainfall intraseasonal variability at local and regional scales during the austral summer season (November–February), as well as the respective influences of recurrent convective regimes over the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The results show a general consistency between local-scale rainfall variability in Madagascar and regional-scale features of climate variability. The influence of tropical temperate troughs in their mature phase and/or their easternmost locations is first underlined. The development of such systems over southern Africa and the Mozambique Channel can be considered as precursors for Malagasy wet spells, especially over the southern part of the island. Regional and local effects of the MJO are weaker on average, and only concern the northwest of the island and the north of the Mozambique Channel. MJO and convective regimes are finally shown to explain distinct fractions of regional rainfall variability.

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Lardeaux, J. M., J. E. Martelat, C. Nicollet, E. Pili, R. Rakotondrazafy, and H. Cardon. "Metamorphism and Tectonics in Southern Madagascar: An Overview." Gondwana Research 2, no. 3 (July 1999): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70274-4.

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Boger, S. D., R. Maas, M. Pastuhov, P. H. Macey, W. Hirdes, B. Schulte, C. M. Fanning, C. A. M. Ferreira, T. Jenett, and R. Dallwig. "The tectonic domains of southern and western Madagascar." Precambrian Research 327 (July 2019): 144–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.03.005.

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Martelat, Jean-Emmanuel, Karel Schulmann, Jean-Marc Lardeaux, Christian Nicollet, and Hervé Cardon. "Granulite microfabrics and deformation mechanisms in southern Madagascar." Journal of Structural Geology 21, no. 6 (June 1999): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(99)00052-8.

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18

Clark, C. D., S. M. Garrod, and M. Parker Pearson. "Landscape archaeology and remote sensing in southern Madagascar." International Journal of Remote Sensing 19, no. 8 (January 1998): 1461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014311698215298.

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19

Nussbaum, R. A., and C. J. Raxworthy. "The genusParagehyra(Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) in southern Madagascar." Journal of Zoology 232, no. 1 (January 1994): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01558.x.

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20

Ackermand, Dietrich, Brian F. Windley, and Andriantefison H. Razafiniparany. "Kornerupine breakdown reactions in paragneisses from southern Madagascar." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 378 (March 1991): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.378.06.

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AbstractKornerupine-rich layers up to several centimetres thick with minor sillimanite, spinel, Fe oxide and ilmenite occur in a diopsidite in sillimanite-cordierite gneiss south of Beraketa (24°27′S, 46°48′E), southern Madagascar. Kornerupine, sillimanite, spinel and hematite grains up to 1 mm across have mutual polygonal boundaries indicating textural equilibrium at their crystallisation. Kornerupine has XMg 0.67–0.80 and 0.9 to 2.6 wt.% B2O3. Sillimanite contains up to 2.0 wt.% Fe2O3. Spinel is essentially (Mg,Fe2+) Al2O4 with an XMg range of 0.29–0.40 and exsolution lamellae of Fe oxide. Textural relations demonstrate two limited reactions, each confined to areas less than 500 µm across: (1) Kornerupine and spinel reacted along grain contacts to form very fine-grained tourmaline, corundum and chlorite. The replacing phases are symmetrically zoned with a central tourmaline and hematite, bordered by an aggregate of chlorite, tourmaline and corundum, followed outwards by a rim of chlorite against the kornerupine and spinel. (2) Within kornerupine grains, zoned, round aggregates consist of very fine-grained chlorite, tourmaline and corundum of different composition than in (1). They define the terminal reaction of kornerupine breakdown.Geothermobarometry indicates that the early kornerupine-bearing assemblage was stable at 7.0 kbar and 700 °C. This P-T point lies close to the retrograde, nearly isothermal trajectory defined independently by nearby sapphirine-bearing assemblages. The fine-grained aggregates formed most likely during further cooling, or by increasing water fugacity.

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ERTZ, Damien, Anders TEHLER, Eberhard FISCHER, Dorothee KILLMANN, Tahina RAZAFINDRAHAJA, and Emmanuël SÉRUSIAUX. "Isalonactis, a new genus of Roccellaceae (Arthoniales), from southern Madagascar." Lichenologist 46, no. 2 (February 11, 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428291300090x.

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AbstractThe new genus and species Isalonactis madagascariensis is characterized by a crustose, non-corticate, often sorediate thallus containing psoromic acid, tiny white pruinose ascomata with a thalline margin, an inconspicuous excipulum, a pale brown hypothecium, 3-septate hyaline ascospores and curved filiform conidia. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and RPB2 sequences place Isalonactis in the Roccellaceae, close to the genera Lecanactis and Chiodecton. The new species was collected on sheltered siliceous rocks in the dry landscape of the Isalo Massif (S Madagascar). Dermatiscum thunbergii is newly recorded from Madagascar.

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Quartly, G. D., J. J. H. Buck, and M. A. Srokosz. "Eddy variability east of Madagascar." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1479.

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A strong but variable western boundary current flows south along the east coast of Madagascar, and at the island's southern end it interacts with eddies propagating zonally from the east. These two routes of variability are compared using altimetric sea–surface–height data and dynamic height from a high–resolution numerical model. The effects on biological productivity are also discussed.

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Ingram, J. Carter, and Terence P. Dawson. "Climate change impacts and vegetation response on the island of Madagascar." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1476.

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The island of Madagascar has been labelled the world's number one conservation ‘hot spot’ because of increasing anthropogenic degradation of its natural habitats, which support a high level of species endemism. However, climatic phenomena may also have a significant impact upon the island's flora and fauna. An analysis of 18 years of monthly satellite images from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) have demonstrated that there is a dynamic pattern in Madagascar's vegetative cover both annually and seasonally throughout 1982–1999. Over interannual time–scales, we show that this vegetation response, calculated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has a strong negative correlation with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can be attributable to drought events and associated wildfires. Global climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of the ENSO phenomenon, resulting in further decline of Madagascar's natural environment.

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Rindraharisaona, E. J., F. Tilmann, X. Yuan, J. Dreiling, J. Giese, K. Priestley, and G. Rümpker. "Velocity structure and radial anisotropy of the lithosphere in southern Madagascar from surface wave dispersion." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 3 (November 17, 2020): 1930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa550.

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SUMMARY We investigate the upper mantle seismic structure beneath southern Madagascar and infer the imprint of geodynamic events since Madagascar’s break-up from Africa and India and earlier rifting episodes. Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocities along a profile across southern Madagascar were determined by application of the two-station method to teleseismic earthquake data. For shorter periods (<20 s), these data were supplemented by previously published dispersion curves determined from ambient noise correlation. First, tomographic models of the phase velocities were determined. In a second step, 1-D models of SV and SH wave velocities were inverted based on the dispersion curves extracted from the tomographic models. As the lithospheric mantle is represented by high velocities we identify the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary by the strongest negative velocity gradient. Finally, the radial anisotropy (RA) is derived from the difference between the SV and SH velocity models. An additional constraint on the lithospheric thickness is provided by the presence of a negative conversion seen in S receiver functions, which results in comparable estimates under most of Madagascar. We infer a lithospheric thickness of 110−150 km beneath southern Madagascar, significantly thinner than beneath the mobile belts in East Africa (150−200 km), where the crust is of comparable age and which were located close to Madagascar in Gondwanaland. The lithospheric thickness is correlated with the geological domains. The thinnest lithosphere (∼110 km) is found beneath the Morondava basin. The pre-breakup Karoo failed rifting, the rifting and breakup of Gondwanaland have likely thinned the lithosphere there. The thickness of the lithosphere in the Proterozoic terranes (Androyen and Anosyen domains) ranges from 125 to 140 km, which is still ∼30 km thinner than in the Mozambique belt in Tanzania. The lithosphere is the thickest beneath Ikalamavony domain (Proterozoic) and the west part of the Antananarivo domain (Archean) with a thickness of ∼150 km. Below the eastern part of Archean domain the lithosphere thickness reduces to ∼130 km. The lithosphere below the entire profile is characterized by positive RA. The strongest RA is observed in the uppermost mantle beneath the Morondava basin (maximum value of ∼9 per cent), which is understandable from the strong stretching that the basin was exposed to during the Karoo and subsequent rifting episode. Anisotropy is still significantly positive below the Proterozoic (maximum value of ∼5 per cent) and Archean (maximum value of ∼6 per cent) domains, which may result from lithospheric extension during the Mesozoic and/or thereafter. In the asthenosphere, a positive RA is observed beneath the eastern part Morondava sedimentary basin and the Proterozoic domain, indicating a horizontal asthenospheric flow pattern. Negative RA is found beneath the Archean in the east, suggesting a small-scale asthenospheric upwelling, consistent with previous studies. Alternatively, the relatively high shear wave velocity in the asthenosphere in this region indicate that the negative RA could be associated to the Réunion mantle plume, at least beneath the volcanic formation, along the eastern coast.

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Grujic, Djordje. "Thermotectonic evolution of East Gondwana: granulites of southern Madagascar." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 8, no. 3-4 (July 1995): VII—VIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(95)92637-v.

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ŚWIERCZEWSKI, DARIUSZ, and ADAM STROIŃSKI. "Kelyflata gen. nov. adds to Selizini flatids in Madagascar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae)." Zootaxa 4712, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.3.9.

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A new genus of flatid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae), Kelyflata gen. nov., is described for Kelyflata capensis sp. nov. (type species) and Kelyflata ilakakae sp. nov. from the island of Madagascar. Habitus, male external and internal genital structures of the new species are illustrated. Kelyflata is probably endemic to Madagascar where it is known to date, only from a southern part of the island.

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Grove, C. A., J. Zinke, F. Peeters, W. Park, T. Scheufen, S. Kasper, B. Randriamanantsoa, M. T. McCulloch, and G. J. A. Brummer. "Madagascar corals reveal a multidecadal signature of rainfall and river runoff since 1708." Climate of the Past 9, no. 2 (March 13, 2013): 641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-641-2013.

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Abstract. Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) influence rainfall variability on multidecadal and interdecadal timescales in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Rainfall variations in locations such as Australia and North America are therefore linked to phase changes in the PDO. Furthermore, studies have suggested teleconnections exist between the western Indian Ocean and Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV), similar to those observed on interannual timescales related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, as instrumental records of rainfall are too short and sparse to confidently assess multidecadal climatic teleconnections, here we present four coral climate archives from Madagascar spanning up to the past 300 yr (1708–2008) to assess such decadal variability. Using spectral luminescence scanning to reconstruct past changes in river runoff, we identify significant multidecadal and interdecadal frequencies in the coral records, which before 1900 are coherent with Asian-based PDO reconstructions. This multidecadal relationship with the Asian-based PDO reconstructions points to an unidentified teleconnection mechanism that affects Madagascar rainfall/runoff, most likely triggered by multidecadal changes in North Pacific SST, influencing the Asian Monsoon circulation. In the 20th century we decouple human deforestation effects from rainfall-induced soil erosion by pairing luminescence with coral geochemistry. Positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and runoff/rainfall in eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 may contribute to reduced rainfall over eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia. We conclude that multidecadal rainfall variability in Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean needs to be taken into account when considering water resource management under a future warming climate.

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Goodman, Steven M., Olivier Langrand, and Christopher J. Raxworthy. "FOOD HABITS OF THE MADAGASCAR LONG-EARED OWL ASIO MADAGASCARIENSIS IN TWO HABITATS IN SOUTHERN MADAGASCAR." Ostrich 64, no. 2 (June 1993): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1993.9634209.

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Grove, C. A., J. Zinke, F. Peeters, W. Park, T. Scheufen, S. Kasper, B. Randriamanantsoa, M. T. McCulloch, and G. J. A. Brummer. "Madagascar corals reveal Pacific multidecadal modulation of rainfall since 1708." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 787–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-787-2012.

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Abstract. The Pacific Ocean modulates Australian and North American rainfall variability on multidecadal timescales, in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). It has been suggested that Pacific decadal variability may also influence Indian Ocean surface temperature and rainfall in a far-field response, similar to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on interannual timescales. However, instrumental records of rainfall are too short and too sparse to confidently assess such multidecadal climatic teleconnections. Here, we present four climate archives spanning the past 300 yr from giant Madagascar corals. We decouple 20th century human deforestation effects from rainfall induced soil erosion using spectral luminescence scanning and geochemistry. The corals provide the first evidence for Pacific decadal modulation of rainfall over the Western Indian Ocean. We find that positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and rainfall in Eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 should lead to reduced rainfall over Eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in Southern Africa and Eastern Australia. We conclude that the PDO has important implications for future multidecadal variability of African rainfall, where water resource management is increasingly important under the warming climate.

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de Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M., Herman Ridderinkhof, and Mathijs W. Schouten. "Variability of the southwest Indian Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1478.

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The variability in the southwest Indian Ocean is connected to the basin–scale and global–scale ocean circulation. Two bands of enhanced variability stretch across the Southern Indian Ocean east of Madagascar around 12○ S and 25○ S, respectively. They mark the preferred routes along which anomalies, generated by varying forcing over the central basin, near the eastern boundary or in the equatorial region, propagate westward as baroclinic Rossby waves. Sea–surface height anomalies pass along the northern tip of Madagascar and are observed by satellite altimetry to propagate into the central Mozambique Channel. There, eddies are subsequently formed that propagate southward into the Agulhas retroflection region. The anomalies along the southern band trigger the formation of large dipolar vortex pairs in the separation region of the East Madagascar Current at the southern tip of the island. South of Africa these eddies and dipoles trigger the shedding of Agulhas Rings that feed the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation with warm, salty, Indian Ocean water. Interannual variability of the forcing over the Indian Ocean, such as that associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole/El Niño climate modes, propagates along these pathways and leads to associated modulations of the eddy transports into the South Atlantic.

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Chan, Tin-Yam. "Sicyonella liui sp. nov., a new sergestid shrimp (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata) discovered from Madagascar." Crustaceana 93, no. 11-12 (November 25, 2020): 1383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-bja10008.

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Abstract A new species of the sergestid shrimp genus Sicyonella Borradaile, 1910 was discovered in a recent expedition to southern Madagascar. The presence of Sicyonella in Madagascar is also a new genus record for the country. The new species has the petasma and thelycum very different from the three known species of the genus, and is also unique in the basal part of the mesial antennular flagellum not being modified in males.

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Andriampenomanana, Fenitra, Andrew A. Nyblade, Michael E. Wysession, Raymond J. Durrheim, Frederik Tilmann, Guilhem Barruol, Gérard Rambolamanana, and Tsiriandrimanana Rakotondraibe. "Seismic velocity and anisotropy of the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar from Pn tomography." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa458.

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SUMMARY The lithosphere of Madagascar records a long series of tectonic processes. Structures initially inherited from the Pan-African Orogeny are overprinted by a series of extensional tectonic and magmatic events that began with the breakup of Gondwana and continued through to the present. Here, we present a Pn-tomography study in which Pn traveltimes are inverted to investigate the lateral variation of the seismic velocity and anisotropy within the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar. Results show that the Pn velocities within the uppermost mantle vary by ±0.30 km s–1 about a mean of 8.10 km s–1. Low-Pn-velocity zones (<8.00 km s–1) are observed beneath the Cenozoic alkaline volcanic provinces in the northern and central regions. They correspond to thermally perturbed zones, where temperatures are estimated to be elevated by ∼100–300 K. Moderately low Pn velocities are found near the southern volcanic province and along an E–W belt in central Madagascar. This belt is located at the edge of a broader low S-velocity anomaly in the mantle imaged in a recent surface wave tomographic study. High-Pn-velocity zones (>8.20 km s–1) coincide with stable and less seismically active regions. The pattern of Pn anisotropy is very complex, with small-scale variations in both the amplitude and the fast-axis direction, and generally reflects the complicated tectonic history of Madagascar. Pn anisotropy and shear wave (SKS) splitting measurements show good correlations in the southern parts of Madagascar, indicating coherency in the vertical distribution of lithospheric deformation along Pan-African shear zone as well as coupling between the crust and mantle when the shear zones were active. In most other regions, discrepancies between Pn anisotropy and SKS measurements suggest that the seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Madagascar differs from the vertically integrated upper mantle anisotropy, implying a present-day vertical partitioning of the deformation. Pn anisotropy directions lack the coherent pattern expected for an incipient plate boundary within Madagascar proposed in some kinematic models of the region.

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33

HANNON, DYLAN, and STEVEN HAMMER. "Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar by Peter V Bruyns." Cactus and Succulent Journal 78, no. 4 (July 2006): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2985/0007-9367(2006)78[171:sosaam]2.0.co;2.

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34

Riser II, James P. "Stapeliads of Southern Africa and Madagascar (Volume I & II)." Systematic Botany 32, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 929–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364407783390773.

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35

Martelat, Jean-Emmanuel, Jean-Marc Lardeaux, Christian Nicollet, and Raymond Rakotondrazafy. "Strain pattern and late Precambrian deformation history in southern Madagascar." Precambrian Research 102, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00083-2.

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36

Nicollet, Christian. "Occurrences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 374 (March 1990): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.374.16.

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37

Griswold, Charles E. "Wanzia fako, a new genus and species of spider from Cameroon (Araneae: Cyatholipidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 29, no. 2 (1998): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631298x00230.

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AbstractThe new genus and species Wanzia fako (Araneac, Cyatholipidae) is described from Cameroon. It is related to the genera Isicabu (from southern and eastern Africa), Scharffa (from East Africa) and Alaranea (from Madagascar).

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38

Widodo, Y., D. Harnowo, H. Gasikara, and A. Malala. "Indonesia-Madagascar partnership in agricultural linkages (impartial) aims for sustainability." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 7, no. 1 (July 25, 2017): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v7i1.33317.

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Starting in 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) through the Program of Third Country Experts (TCE) invited Indonesian scientists to be involved in the development endeavors for African Countries, including Madagascar especially in attempt to increase productivity of rice as main staple food of Malagasy. Initiation of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Madagascar had been stimulated from JICA-TCE, furthermore for developing Indonesian soybean to Madagascar from 2013 to 2015. Madagascar and many African Countries are grouped into the countries requesting global aid for taming hunger as declared under Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ended 2015 that continued into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Fortunately, there is a similarity of languages in Indonesia and Madagascar East and West Africa as heritage from the ancient voyage before western occupation or even Before Christ (BC) era as reflected in the relief at wall of Borobudur a Buddhist temple in Magelang Central Java Indonesia. Based on historical background, there is an opportunity to propose Indonesia- Madagascar Partnership in Agricultural Linkages (IMPARTIAL) as a new alliance for attaining sustainable development in developing countries at the southern hemisphere. Implementing agricultural innovation to provide adequate food and renewable energy for daily modern livelihood is a key to attain sustainability.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 21-31, June, 2017

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39

CORRONCA, JOSÉ ANTONIO. "Four new species of Selenops (Araneae, Selenopidae) and comments on the distribution of Afrotropical species." Zootaxa 1003, no. 1 (June 3, 2005): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1003.1.2.

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Additional material of Selenopidae from the Afrotropical region was examined and four new species were found from Madagascar, Southern Africa and the Ivory Coast. Selenops ivohibe sp. nov. (female only) from Madagascar, S. tonteldoos sp. nov. (female only) from South Africa, S. onka sp. nov. (female only) from Namibia and Angola and S. jocquei sp. nov. (female only) from the Ivory Coast are described and illustrated. The global distribution of the genus Selenops from the Afrotropical region is illustrated based on all published data.

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40

Gabriel, Denise N., Lisa Gould, and Elizabeth A. Kelley. "Seasonal patterns of male affiliation in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in diverse habitats across southern Madagascar." Behaviour 151, no. 7 (2014): 935–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003130.

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We examined the mechanisms guiding male affiliative relationships among ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) to investigate the adaptive significance of male social bonds in a female dominant, strictly seasonally breeding strepsirhine primate. To test whether male affiliative relationships were driven by reproductive and/or ecological conditions, we compared the frequency of male affiliation across the annual reproductive cycle in populations of L. catta inhabiting three habitat types found within its geographic range: (1) gallery forest at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in southwestern Madagascar; (2) spiny bush at Cap Sainte-Marie (CSM) in southern Madagascar; and (3) rocky-outcrop forest fragments at Anja Reserve and the Tsaranoro Valley in Madagascar’s south-central highlands. Each study period spanned the gestation, lactation/migration, post-migration, and mating periods. Inter-male affiliation rates varied across reproductive periods at each of the four sites, with the highest frequencies being observed during the gestation and lactation/migration periods and the lowest frequencies occurring during the mating period. In contrast, we found no clear patterns in male–female affiliation rates with respect to reproductive period. Comparing the Beza Mahafaly and CSM populations, rates of inter-male affiliation were higher at CSM during the gestation and lactation/migration periods, and rates male–female affiliation were higher at CSM across all seasons except the post-migration period. We suggest that inter-male affiliative relationships in L. catta may provide beneficial social interactions (i.e., grooming, ectoparasite control, predator protection, vigilance against extra-group male agonism) when females are unavailable, particularly during male dispersal, as well as under harsh climatic conditions characteristic of some L. catta habitats.

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O’Shea, Brian J. "A review of Gammiella Broth. in Africa, with a range extension to the East African islands and southern Africa." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 24, no. 1 (December 30, 2003): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.24.1.4.

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Gammiella ceylonensis (Broth. in Herzog) W.R.Buck & B.C.Tan is the only species of the genus in Africa. Clastobryella pusilla (Thér.) Wijk & Margad., recorded from Madagascar, the only member of the genus still recorded on the moss checklist for Africa, is a synonym of Gammiella ceylonensis. Clastobryella foliicola P.de la Varde is not a synonym of Gammiella ceylonensis but probably an Ectropothecium, thus removing the only west African record for Gammiella. An extension of range into South Africa is also noted, so Gammiella is now known from east and southern Africa and Madagascar.

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42

McGrath, W. H. "Some Notes on the Navigation of 1985 Trans-Indian Ocean Canoe Voyage." Journal of Navigation 41, no. 02 (May 1988): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009267.

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In mid-1985 the 20 metre outrigger canoeSarimanok, built in the Southern Philippines from tropical forest materials, sailed out of Bali, Indonesia, to follow the direct east-west Indian Ocean track which the first Austronesian settlers of Madagascar may have taken.

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43

Andriamanambina, Hermann, and Michael Simsik. "Land Cover Change in Relation to Agricultural Extensification in Southern Madagascar." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 5, no. 4 (2009): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v05i04/54637.

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Lecoq, Michel, Tsitohaina R. Z. Andriamaroahina, Hardy Solofonaina, and Pierre-Emmanuel Gay. "Ecology and Population Dynamics of Solitary Red Locusts in Southern Madagascar." Journal of Orthoptera Research 20, no. 2 (December 2011): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1665/034.020.0202.

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45

Wahlert, Gregory A., George E. Schatz, and Peter B. Phillipson. "Two New Species of Polygala from Toliara Province in Southern Madagascar." Systematic Botany 42, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364417x696096.

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Markl, Gregor, Jürgen Bäuerle, and Djordje Grujic. "Metamorphic evolution of Pan-African granulite facies metapelites from Southern Madagascar." Precambrian Research 102, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00099-6.

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47

Yasuhara, Moriaki, Yuanyuan Hong, Skye Yunshu Tian, Wing Ki Chong, Hisayo Okahashi, Kate Littler, and Laura Cotton. "Eocene shallow-marine ostracods from Madagascar: southern end of the Tethys?" Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17, no. 9 (May 4, 2018): 705–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1453555.

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48

Hingston, Melanie, Steven M. Goodman, Jörg U. Ganzhorn, and Simone Sommer. "Reconstruction of the colonization of southern Madagascar by introduced Rattus rattus." Journal of Biogeography 32, no. 9 (August 19, 2005): 1549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01311.x.

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49

Raharimahefa, Tsilavo, and Timothy M. Kusky. "Structural and remote sensing studies of the southern Betsimisaraka Suture, Madagascar." Gondwana Research 10, no. 1-2 (August 2006): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2005.11.022.

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50

Pearson, Mike Parker. "Tombs and monumentality in southern Madagascar: preliminary results of the central Androy survey." Antiquity 66, no. 253 (December 1992): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00044860.

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This note reports the initial results of a joint multidisciplinary project between the University of Sheffield and the Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie in Antananarivo, which has concentrated on the investigation of the social and economic significance of the tombs that are an outstanding landscape feature in an area of southern Madagascar.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Madagascar'

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