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1

Garreaud, R., P. Lopez, M. Minvielle, and M. Rojas. "Large-Scale Control on the Patagonian Climate." Journal of Climate 26, no. 1 (2013): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00001.1.

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Abstract Patagonia, located in southern South America, is a vast and remote region holding a rich variety of past environmental records but a small number of meteorological stations. Precipitation over this region is mostly produced by disturbances embedded in the westerly flow and is strongly modified by the austral Andes. Uplift on the windward side leads to hyperhumid conditions along the Pacific coast and the western slope of the Andes; in contrast, downslope subsidence dries the eastern plains leading to arid, highly evaporative conditions. The authors investigate the dependence of Patago
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2

FALASCHI, DANIEL, TOBIAS BOLCH, PHILIPP RASTNER, et al. "Mass changes of alpine glaciers at the eastern margin of the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields between 2000 and 2012." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 238 (2016): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.136.

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ABSTRACTDespite renewed efforts to better understand glacier change and recognize glacier change trends in the Andes, relatively large areas in the Andes of Argentina and Chile are still not investigated. In this study, we report on glacier elevation and mass changes in the outer region of the Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields in the Southern Patagonian Andes. A newly-compiled Landsat ETM+ derived glacier inventory (consisting of 2253 glaciers and ~1314 ± 66 km2of ice area) and differencing of the SRTM and SPOT5 DEMs were used to derive glacier-specific elevation changes over the 2000
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3

Jiang, Qingfang, James D. Doyle, Alex Reinecke, Ronald B. Smith, and Stephen D. Eckermann. "A Modeling Study of Stratospheric Waves over the Southern Andes and Drake Passage." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 6 (2013): 1668–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0180.1.

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Abstract Large-amplitude stratospheric gravity waves over the southern Andes and Drake Passage, as observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on 8–9 August 2010, are modeled and studied using a deep (0–70 km) version of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model. The simulated tropospheric waves are generated by flow over the high central Andes ridge and the Patagonian peaks in the southern Andes. Some waves emanating from Patagonia propagate southeastward across Drake Passage into the stratosphere over a horizontal distance of more than 1000 km. The wave
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4

Sosa-Pivatto, María, Gonzalo A. Camps, Matías C. Baranzelli, Anahí Espíndola, Alicia N. Sérsic, and Andrea Cosacov. "Connection, isolation and reconnection: Quaternary climatic oscillations and the Andes shaped the phylogeographical patterns of the Patagonian bee Centris cineraria (Apidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 2 (2020): 396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa116.

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Abstract The joint effect of the Andes as a geographical barrier and the Quaternary glaciations as promoters of genetic divergence remains virtually unexplored in southern South America. To help fill this knowledge gap, in this study we investigated the demographic history of Centris cineraria, a solitary bee mainly distributed in Patagonia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers and performed phylogeographical and dating analyses, adjusted spatio-temporal diffusion and species distribution models, and used Approximate Bayesian Computation to identify likely historical demographic scenarios
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Godoy-Güinao, Javier, Juan Carlos Llancabure, and Iván A. Díaz. "New record of Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus, 1758) (Podicipediformes, Podicipedidae) in the Patagonian region of southern Chile." Check List 14, no. 2 (2018): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.2.309.

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We report a new record of Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus, 1758) in the southern Chilean Patagonia, 120 km south of previous records on the western side of the Andes, and more than 400 km south of their known distribution area on the eastern side of the Andes. This is the southernmost record of this species in Chile and one of the southernmost records worldwide, highlighting the vagrancy of this species in southern Patagonia.
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Hervé, Francisco, Mauricio Calderón, Mark Fanning, Robert Pankhurst, Carlos W. Rapela, and Paulo Quezada. "The country rocks of Devonian magmatism in the North Patagonian Massif and Chaitenia." Andean Geology 45, no. 3 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov45n3-3117.

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Previous work has shown that Devonian magmatism in the southern Andes occurred in two contemporaneous belts: one emplaced in the continental crust of the North Patagonian Massif and the other in an oceanic island arc terrane to the west, Chaitenia, which was later accreted to Patagonia. The country rocks of the plutonic rocks consist of metasedimentary complexes which crop out sporadically in the Andes on both sides of the Argentina-Chile border, and additionally of pillow metabasalts for Chaitenia. Detrital zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age determinations in 13 samples of these rocks indicate maximum po
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7

Stern, Libby A., and Peter M. Blisniuk. "Stable isotope composition of precipitation across the southern Patagonian Andes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 107, no. D23 (2002): ACL 3–1—ACL 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002509.

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8

Henríquez, William I., Rodrigo Villa-Martínez, Isabel Vilanova, Ricardo De Pol-Holz, and Patricio I. Moreno. "The last glacial termination on the eastern flank of the central Patagonian Andes (47 ° S)." Climate of the Past 13, no. 7 (2017): 879–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-879-2017.

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Abstract. Few studies have examined in detail the sequence of events during the last glacial termination (T1) in the core sector of the Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS), the largest ice mass in the Southern Hemisphere outside of Antarctica. Here we report results from Lago Edita (47°8′ S, 72°25′ W, 570 m a.s.l.), a small closed-basin lake located in a valley overridden by eastward-flowing Andean glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Lago Edita record shows glaciolacustrine sedimentation until 19 400 yr BP, followed by organic sedimentation in a closed-basin lake and a mosaic of cold-re
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9

Lenaerts, Jan T. M., Michiel R. van den Broeke, Jan M. van Wessem, et al. "Extreme Precipitation and Climate Gradients in Patagonia Revealed by High-Resolution Regional Atmospheric Climate Modeling." Journal of Climate 27, no. 12 (2014): 4607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00579.1.

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Abstract This study uses output of a high-resolution (5.5 km) regional atmospheric climate model to describe the present-day (1979–2012) climate of Patagonia, with a particular focus on the surface mass balance (SMB) of the Patagonian ice fields. Through a comparison with available in situ observations, it is shown that the model is able to simulate the sharp climate gradients in western Patagonia. The southern Andes are an efficient barrier for the prevalent atmospheric flow, generating strong orographic uplift and precipitation throughout the entire year. The model suggests extreme orographi
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10

Fosdick, Julie C., R. A. VanderLeest, J. E. Bostelmann, et al. "Revised Timing of Cenozoic Atlantic Incursions and Changing Hinterland Sediment Sources during Southern Patagonian Orogenesis." Lithosphere 2020, no. 1 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/2020/8883099.

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Abstract New detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data from the Cenozoic Magallanes-Austral Basin in Argentina and Chile ~51° S establish a revised chronostratigraphy of Paleocene-Miocene foreland synorogenic strata and document the rise and subsequent isolation of hinterland sources in the Patagonian Andes from the continental margin. The upsection loss of zircons derived from the hinterland Paleozoic and Late Jurassic sources between ca. 60 and 44 Ma documents a major shift in sediment routing due to Paleogene orogenesis in the greater Patagonian-Fuegian Andes. Changes in the proportion of gra
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11

Ruzzante, Daniel E., Annie P. Simons, Gregory R. McCracken, Evelyn Habit, and Sandra J. Walde. "Multiple drainage reversal episodes and glacial refugia in a Patagonian fish revealed by sequenced microsatellites." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (2020): 20200468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0468.

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The rise of the southern Andes and the Quaternary glacial cycles influenced the landscape of Patagonia, affecting the phylogeographic and biogeographic patterns of its flora and fauna. Here, we examine the phylogeography of the freshwater fish, Percichthys trucha, using 53 sequenced microsatellite DNA markers . Fish ( n = 835) were collected from 16 river systems (46 locations) spanning the species range on both sides of the Andes. Eleven watersheds drain to the Pacific, five of which are trans-Andean (headwaters east of Andes). The remaining five drainages empty into the Atlantic. Three analy
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12

Richter, Andreas, Andreas Groh, Martin Horwath, et al. "The Rapid and Steady Mass Loss of the Patagonian Icefields throughout the GRACE Era: 2002–2017." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (2019): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080909.

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We use the complete gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) Level-2 monthly time series to derive the ice mass changes of the Patagonian Icefields (Southern Andes). The glacial isostatic adjustment is accounted for by a regional model that is constrained by global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) uplift observations. Further corrections are applied concerning the effect of mass variations in the ocean, in the continental water storage, and of the Antarctic ice sheet. The 161 monthly GRACE gravity field solutions are inverted in the spatial domain through the adjustment of scaling fa
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13

Cranston, Peter S. "Parapsectrocladius: a new genus of orthocladiine Chironomidae (Diptera) from Patagonia, the southern Andes." Insect Systematics & Evolution 31, no. 1 (2000): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631200x00345.

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AbstractParapsectrocladius is described in all life history stages as a new genus with type-species Cardiocladius acuminatus Edwards, for four species from Andean South America. The female, pupa and larva of P. acuminatus are described for the first time, from Chile; all stages of P. escondido Cranston & Añón Suárez, sp. n., are described from lentic patagonian Argentina, all stages of Parapsectrocladius reissi sp. n. from a pond in Valdivia, Chile, and P. longistylus sp. n. from males from several locations in south Chile and Argentina and the putatively associated female and pupa from so
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14

Sottile, G. D., M. E. Echeverria, M. V. Mancini, M. M. Bianchi, M. A. Marcos, and F. P. Bamonte. "Eastern Andean environmental and climate synthesis for the last 2000 years BP from terrestrial pollen and charcoal records of Patagonia." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 3 (2015): 2121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-2121-2015.

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Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW) constitute an important zonal circulation system that dominates the dynamics of Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude climate. Little is known about climatic changes in the Southern South America in comparison to the Northern Hemisphere due to the low density of proxy records, and adequate chronology and sampling resolution to address environmental changes of the last 2000 years. Since 2009, new pollen and charcoal records from bog and lakes in northern and southern Patagonia at the east side of the Andes have been published with an adequate ca
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15

Araos, Jose M., Jacobus P. Le Roux, Michael R. Kaplan, and Matteo Spagnolo. "Factors controlling alpine glaciations in the Sierra Baguales Mountain Range of southern Patagonia (50º S), inferred from the morphometric analysis of glacial cirques." Andean Geology 45, no. 3 (2018): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov45n3-2974.

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The Sierra Baguales Mountain Range, forming the eastern foothills of the Southern Patagonian Andes, has well-developed alpine-glaciated landforms which present an ideal opportunity to study climatic and non-climatic factors that control cirque development and morphology. One hundred and forty-three glacial cirques were studied with reference to 14 morphometric attributes which were analyzed using statistical analysis and GIS methodologies. The cirques were classified into two types using cluster analysis complimented with a composite map based on the attributes, the latter technique that is ap
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16

Likerman, Jeremías, Juan Francisco Burlando, Ernesto O. Cristallini, and Matías C. Ghiglione. "Along-strike structural variations in the Southern Patagonian Andes: Insights from physical modeling." Tectonophysics 590 (April 2013): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.018.

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17

Blisniuk, Peter M., Libby A. Stern, C. Page Chamberlain, Bruce Idleman, and Peter K. Zeitler. "Climatic and ecologic changes during Miocene surface uplift in the Southern Patagonian Andes." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 230, no. 1-2 (2005): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2004.11.015.

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18

Casteller, Alejandro, Ricardo Villalba, Diego Araneo, and Veronika Stöckli. "Reconstructing temporal patterns of snow avalanches at Lago del Desierto,southern Patagonian Andes." Cold Regions Science and Technology 67, no. 1-2 (2011): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.02.001.

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19

Pereira, Ayelen, Cecilia Cornero, Ana Cristina Oliveira Cancoro de Matos, Maria Cristina Pacino, and Denizar Blitzkow. "Detection of total water mass changes in the Patagonian glaciers area by satellite gravimetry." Geofísica Internacional 60, no. 2 (2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2021.60.2.2086.

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Despite present efforts to better understand glacier changes and their trends, the satellite gravimetry is a powerful tool still not applied in depth to study relatively large areas in the Andes of Argentina and Chile.
 In this work the mass variations of the Patagonian Icefield are analyzed together with the decrease trends of the ice layer in the region. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the GRACE satellite mission (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) ability to detect the water storage changes over the glaciers area. Furthermore, the variations of the hydrometric level o
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20

Ruiz, L., M. H. Masiokas, and R. Villalba. "Fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina during the past 400 yr." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 6 (2011): 4073–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-4073-2011.

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Abstract. The number of studies of Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier fluctuations in Southern South America has increased in recent years but is largely biased towards sites in the South Patagonian Andes. In this paper we present a detailed record of length and areal fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte (GEN), in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina, during the past four centuries. The GEN record was reconstructed through the dendro-geomorphological dating of moraines and the analysis of satellite imagery, aerial photographs and documentary material complemented with extensive field surveys.
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21

Ruiz, L., M. H. Masiokas, and R. Villalba. "Fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte in the north Patagonian Andes of Argentina during the past 400 yr." Climate of the Past 8, no. 3 (2012): 1079–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1079-2012.

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Abstract. The number of studies of Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier fluctuations in southern South America has increased in recent years but is largely biased towards sites in the south Patagonian Andes. In this paper we present a detailed record of length and areal fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte (GEN) in the north Patagonian Andes of Argentina during the past four centuries. The GEN record was reconstructed through the dendro-geomorphological dating of moraines and the analysis of satellite imagery, aerial photographs and documentary material complemented with extensive field surveys. Th
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Quiroga, María Paula, Andrea C. Premoli, and Cecilia Ezcurra. "Morphological and isozyme variation in Cerastium arvense (Caryophyllaceae) in the southern Andes." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 7 (2002): 786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-064.

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We tested the hypothesis that South Andean populations of the highly polymorphic and mostly Northern Hemisphere perennial forb Cerastium arvense L. show ecotypic variation along distinct habitats. We compared differences in morphology and flowering phenology among six natural populations occurring in different environments. Genetic differences were analyzed by a common-garden experiment and isozyme electrophoresis. Several of the morphological differences observed in the field were maintained after more than a year of cultivation in the common garden (e.g., plant height and leaf width). Mean t
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Giacosa, Raúl E., Juan C. Afonso, Nemesio Heredia C., and José Paredes. "Tertiary tectonics of the sub-Andean region of the North Patagonian Andes, southern central Andes of Argentina (41–42°30′S)." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 20, no. 3 (2005): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2005.05.013.

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Jiang, Qingfang, Alex Reinecke, and James D. Doyle. "Orographic Wave Drag over the Southern Ocean: A Linear Theory Perspective." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 4235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0035.1.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that stratospheric wind biases in global and climate models in the Southern Hemisphere may result from insufficient orographic wave drag, particularly over the Southern Ocean in the latitude belt centered near 60°S. In this study, contributions to the stratospheric wave drag along 60°S from three neighboring orographic wave sources are evaluated using a multiple-layer linear wave model with large-scale wind and stratification profiles derived from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) between the years 1991 and 2010. The orographic wave sources include the
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Barberón, Vanesa, Gonzalo Ronda, Inés Aramendía, et al. "Tectonic evolution of the northern Austral-Magallanes basin in the Southern Patagonian Andes from provenance analysis." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 95 (November 2019): 102234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102234.

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26

Chesser, R. Terry. "Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of the South American Ovenbird Genus Cinclodes." Auk 121, no. 3 (2004): 752–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.3.752.

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Abstract Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cinclodes, a group of South American furnariids, were studied using complete sequences of the mitochondrial genes COII and ND3. The 13 species of Cinclodes formed a monophyletic group consisting of three major lineages: (1) the southeastern Brazilian isolate C. pabsti, which was sister to the rest of the genus; (2) a clade of five primarily Patagonian or central Argentine highlands species; and (3) a clade of seven primarily north-central Andean or Pacific species. Biogeographic structure in the Patagonian-Andean taxa was consistent with the
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27

Williams, Natalia, Diego Añón Suárez, Maria Rieradevall, et al. "Response of Chironomidae to environmental disturbances in a high mountain lake in Patagonia during the last millennium." Quaternary Research 92, no. 2 (2019): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.5.

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AbstractThrough the last millennium, Patagonia has been affected by changing climate conditions and successive volcanic eruptions. Lake Tonček is a high-altitude lake in the Southern Volcanic Zone in the northern Patagonian Andes. We documented the responses of the subfossil chironomid community to the effects of successive volcanic and different conditions in a sedimentary sequence from this lake comprising the last 900 years. The community composition and structure (abundance, diversity, and richness) and the development of morphological anomalies in the chironomid mouthparts were evaluated
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Wenzens, Gerd. "Fluctuations of Outlet and Valley Glaciers in the Southern Andes (Argentina) during the Past 13,000 Years." Quaternary Research 51, no. 3 (1999): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2043.

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AbstractIn the southern Argentine Andes, ten advances of valley glaciers were used to reconstruct the late-glacial and Holocene glacier history. The accumulation areas of these glaciers lie in the Precordillera and are thus independent of fluctuations of the South Patagonian Icefield. Like the Viedma outlet glacier, the valley glaciers advanced three times during late-glacial time (14,000–10,000 yr B.P.). The youngest advance correlates with the Younger Dryas Stade, based on two minimum AMS14C dates of 9588 and 9482 yr B.P. The second oldest advance occurred before 11,800 yr B.P. During the fi
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Cuitiño, José I., Sergio F. Vizcaíno, M. Susana Bargo, and Inés Aramendía. "Sedimentology and fossil vertebrates of the Santa Cruz Formation (early Miocene) in Lago Posadas, southwestern Patagonia, Argentina." Andean Geology 46, no. 2 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/andgeov46n2-3128.

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Lago Posadas is located at the foot of the Southern Patagonian Andes, in southwestern Argentina, where the early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) shows thick and laterally continuous exposures. This region has been scarcely explored for fossil vertebrates since the first efforts by J.B. Hatcher in 1898-99. In this contribution, we performed sedimentologic and paleontological studies in order to reconstruct depositional environments and the associated fossil vertebrate fauna. Sedimentologic data suggest that the sedimentary record begins with restricted marine-estuarine deposits grading upwar
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Barberón, Vanesa, Christian Sue, Matías Ghiglione, Gonzalo Ronda, and Eugenio Aragón. "Late Cenozoic brittle deformation in the Southern Patagonian Andes: Record of plate coupling/decoupling during variable subduction?" Terra Nova 30, no. 4 (2018): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12339.

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Thomson, Stuart N., Francisco Hervé, and Bernhard Stöckhert. "Mesozoic-Cenozoic denudation history of the Patagonian Andes (southern Chile) and its correlation to different subduction processes." Tectonics 20, no. 5 (2001): 693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001tc900013.

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Flueck, Werner T., and Jo Anne M. Smith-Flueck. "Huemul heresies: beliefs in search of supporting data. 1. Historical and zooarcheological considerations." Animal Production Science 52, no. 8 (2012): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11344.

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Patagonian huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) was eliminated from many former ranges before arrival of early explorers who already acknowledged its rareness. Considering huemul analogous to ungulates in mountains back home, huemul was called mountain deer, which is repeatedly cited without validation and remains the orthodox interpretation. Yet other species considered analogous also use lowlands, flatlands, deserts and grasslands, and the only congeneric, H. antisensis, uses habitat with high affinity to Patagonian grasslands. Recent comparative analyses of the post-cranial morphology show that h
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Giacosa, R. E., and N. Heredia. "Structure of the North Patagonian thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belt, southern central Andes, Argentina (41°–42°S)." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 18, no. 1 (2004): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2004.08.006.

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34

Calderón, M., A. Fildani, F. Hervé, C. M. Fanning, A. Weislogel, and U. Cordani. "Late Jurassic bimodal magmatism in the northern sea-floor remnant of the Rocas Verdes basin, southern Patagonian Andes." Journal of the Geological Society 164, no. 5 (2007): 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492006-102.

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DOMINGUEZ, M. CECILIA, GERMAN SAN BLAS, FEDERICO AGRAIN, SERGIO A. ROIG-JUÑENT, ANA M. SCOLLO, and GUILLERMO O. DEBANDI. "Cladistic, biogeographic and environmental niche analysis of the species of Agathemera Stål (Phasmatida, Agathemeridae)." Zootaxa 2308, no. 1 (2009): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2308.1.3.

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The endemic southern South American genus Agathemera Stål, which contains eight species, is analyzed in a cladistic context in order to establish a hypothesis regarding the phylogenetic relationships among its species. The cladistic analysis is based on adult and immature morphological characters belonging to both sexes. A biogeographical analysis is also performed to reconstruct the biogeographic history of the genus, and an environmental niche analysis to determine the potential distribution of the species, estimate niche overlap among species, and to find the most important variables that e
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Suárez, Rodrigo J., Matías C. Ghiglione, Mauricio Calderón, et al. "The metamorphic rocks of the Nunatak Viedma in the Southern Patagonian Andes: Provenance sources and implications for the early Mesozoic Patagonia-Antarctic Peninsula connection." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 90 (March 2019): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2018.12.015.

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37

Hulton, Nick, David Sugden, Antony Payne, and Chalmers Clapperton. "Glacier Modeling and the Climate of Patagonia during the Last Glacial Maximum." Quaternary Research 42, no. 1 (1994): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1049.

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AbstractIce cap modeling constrained by empirical studies provides an effective way of reconstructing past climates. The former Patagonian ice sheet is in a climatically significant location since it lies athwart the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and responds to the latitudinal migration of climatic belts during glacial cycles. A numerical model of the Patagonian ice cap for the last glacial maximum (LGM) is developed, which is time-dependent and driven by changing the mass balance/altitude relationship. It relies on a vertically integrated continuity model of ice mass solved over a finite di
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38

Paul, Frank, and Nico Mölg. "Hasty retreat of glaciers in northern Patagonia from 1985 to 2011." Journal of Glaciology 60, no. 224 (2014): 1033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2014jog14j104.

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AbstractMapping changes in glacier extent from repeat optical satellite data has revealed widespread glacier decline in nearly all regions of the world over the past few decades. While numerous studies have documented the changes of the outlet glaciers of the Northern and Southern Patagonia Icefields (NPI/SPI), information about glacier changes in the Patagonian Andes (to the north of the NPI) is much scarcer. Here we present an assessment of area changes for glaciers mainly located in the Palena district of Chile based on glacier inventories for 1985, 2000 and 2011 that were derived from two
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Nakano, Satoshi, Junji Akai, and Asahiko Sugaki. "Fluorite particles inducing butterfly aggregates of incipient microperthite in alkali feldspar from a syenite, the Patagonian Andes, southern Chile." American Mineralogist 87, no. 10 (2002): 1377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2002-1013.

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Simonella, L. E., M. E. Palomeque, P. L. Croot, et al. "Soluble iron inputs to the Southern Ocean through recent andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic ash eruptions from the Patagonian Andes." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29, no. 8 (2015): 1125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005177.

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Georgieva, Viktoria, Daniel Melnick, Taylor F. Schildgen, et al. "Tectonic control on rock uplift, exhumation, and topography above an oceanic ridge collision: Southern Patagonian Andes (47°S), Chile." Tectonics 35, no. 6 (2016): 1317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016tc004120.

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Ojeda, Agustina A., Agustina Novillo, Ramiro J. A. Ovejero, et al. "A cytogenetic, molecular genetic and morphological study of Patagonian chinchilla mice Euneomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Southern Central Andes." Mammal Research 60, no. 1 (2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-014-0200-2.

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Ronda, Gonzalo, Matías C. Ghiglione, Vanesa Barberón, Isabelle Coutand, and Jonathan Tobal. "Mesozoic – Cenozoic evolution of the Southern Patagonian Andes fold and thrust belt (47°–48°S): Influence of the Rocas Verdes basin inversion and onset of Patagonian glaciations." Tectonophysics 765 (August 2019): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.05.009.

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Naruse, Renji, and Masamu Aniya. "Some Possible Causes For Recent Variations Of Patagonian Glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009228.

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The Patagonian glaciers located in the southern part of the Andes between 46°30′S and 51°30′S are characterized by typical temperate conditions of heavy precipitation, rapid ice flows and high melting rates. During the austral summers of 1983–84 and 1985–86, field studies were made of the ice flow, heat balance and morphology of several glaciers in Patagonia. Coupled with aerial photographic surveys, these revealed that most glaciers had retreated extensively in the recent years, a maximum being 200 m a-1 at San Rafael Glacier from 1974 to 1986. The lower part of Soler Glacier had thinned by a
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Naruse, Renji, and Masamu Aniya. "Some Possible Causes For Recent Variations Of Patagonian Glaciers." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500009228.

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The Patagonian glaciers located in the southern part of the Andes between 46°30′S and 51°30′S are characterized by typical temperate conditions of heavy precipitation, rapid ice flows and high melting rates. During the austral summers of 1983–84 and 1985–86, field studies were made of the ice flow, heat balance and morphology of several glaciers in Patagonia. Coupled with aerial photographic surveys, these revealed that most glaciers had retreated extensively in the recent years, a maximum being 200 m a-1 at San Rafael Glacier from 1974 to 1986. The lower part of Soler Glacier had thinned by a
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Fernández, Martina, Cecilia Ezcurra, and Carolina I. Calviño. "Taxonomic revision of the South American genus Mulinum (Azorelloideae, Apiaceae)." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 74, no. 1 (2017): 048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2433.

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The genus Mulinum is endemic to southern South America and is ecologically important because of its dominance in the vegetation of the high Andes and the Patagonian steppe. We present a treatment in which 10 species and 3 new varieties are accepted. A diagnostic key to the species is included, and lists of synonyms, morphological descriptions, observations on the morphological affinities between species, review of the relevant literature, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided. We also analyze and resolve nomenclatural problems, and we provide a list of dubious names and excluded na
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Bertrand, S., K. A. Hughen, F. Lamy, J. B. W. Stuut, F. Torrejón, and C. B. Lange. "Precipitation as the main driver of Neoglacial fluctuations of Gualas glacier, Northern Patagonian Icefield." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (2012): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-519-2012.

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Abstract. Glaciers are frequently used as indicators of climate change. However, the link between past glacier fluctuations and climate variability is still highly debated. Here, we investigate the mid- to late-Holocene fluctuations of Gualas Glacier, one of the northernmost outlet glaciers of the Northern Patagonian Icefield, using a multi-proxy sedimentological and geochemical analysis of a 15 m long fjord sediment core from Golfo Elefantes, Chile, and historical documents from early Spanish explorers. Our results show that the core can be sub-divided into three main lithological units that
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Kaplan, Michael R., Daniel C. Douglass, Bradley S. Singer, Robert P. Ackert, and Marc W. Caffee. "Cosmogenic nuclide chronology of pre-last glacial maximum moraines at Lago Buenos Aires, 46�S, Argentina." Quaternary Research 63, no. 3 (2005): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2004.12.003.

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At Lago Buenos Aires, Argentina, 10Be, 26Al, and 40Ar/39Ar ages range from 190,000 to 109,000 yr for two moraines deposited prior to the last glaciation, 23,000�16,000 yr ago. Two approaches, maximum boulder ages assuming no erosion, and the average age of all boulders and an erosion rate of 1.4 mm/103 yr, both yield a common estimate age of 150,000�140,000 yr for the two moraines. The erosion rate estimate derives from 10Be and 26Al concentrations in old erratics, deposited on moraines that are >760,000 yr old on the basis of interbedded 40Ar/39Ar dated lavas. The new cosmogenic ages indic
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SUÁREZ, M., R. DE LA CRUZ, and C. M. BELL. "Timing and origin of deformation along the Patagonian fold and thrust belt." Geological Magazine 137, no. 4 (2000): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800004192.

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The Andean orogeny in the Patagonian Cordillera of southern South America reflects the consequences of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic subduction of an oceanic plate beneath the South American continental margin. The geological evolution of the region has been influenced by the Eocene collision and subduction of the Farallon–Aluk Ridge and the Miocene–Recent subduction of the Chile Ridge. Another aspect of plate interaction during this period was two intervals of rapid plate convergence, one at 50–42 Ma, and the other at 25–10 Ma, between the South American and the oceanic plates. It has been propos
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Garcia, Patricia Elizabeth, and María C. Dieguez. "Vulnerability of Patagonian planktonic copepods to fluctuations in temperature and UV radiation." Crustaceana 87, no. 3 (2014): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003288.

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The aim of this investigation is to address the impact of fluctuations in temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on three species of South American copepods, Boeckella antiqua, B. gracilis and B. brevicaudata. These copepods are cold stenotherm and occur in high latitude lakes of South America and in mountain lakes in the Andes. The forecast scenarios for climate change in southern South America anticipate raising temperature and UVR levels. These changes may have the potential to impact high altitude and latitude ecosystems, including lakes and their cold adapted biota, such as those in
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