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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Region Municipalities'
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1
Quintana, Alexandre Costa, Flávia Verônica Silva Jacques, and Clea Beatriz Macagnan. "Transparency in Municipalities in the Southern Region of Brazil." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v6i3.9858.
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Transparency in government actions strengthens the relationship between government and society. The goal of the present study was to ascertain the level of transparency of administrative information in the south of Brazil. This descriptive study, which employed statistical methodology, found a correlation between the presence of examined indicators and municipal gross domestic product (GDP). It also revealed that population; GDP and tax revenues are variables that, if jointly analyzed, can be used to aggregate municipalities that display similar behavior in terms of transparency.
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Oliveira, Tamara Esteves de, and David Santos Freitas. "LOCAL BEEF PRODUCTION: WHAT RIO GRANDE DO SUL IS WAITING FOR?" Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2017v10n2p312-341.
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This research aims to verify the municipalities where it might be interesting to invest in a local beef production in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil. The data analyzed combine the cattle units slaughtered and the estimated beef consumption in each municipality. These indicators were used to identify the capacity of each location to meet the local beef demand. This data were associated to the map of RS by the Quantum GIS 1.8 Lisboa software. The most prominent regions were located at the western frontier, at the southeast Campanha, and at the northeast mountain region of the State. The cattle units slaughtered produced at the municipalities of Aceguá, Pedras Altas, Machadinho, São Valentim, Quatro Irmãos and Sagrada Família is very high, surpassing the municipality’s capacity to absorb it. On the other hand, many municipalities have sufficient productions or little surplus to attend the local beef demand, such as Alegrete, in which a local beef production might benefit a higher number of small producers, but other municipalities also seem to have potential for assisting familiar farmers with this strategy such as Dom Pedrito, Bagé, Santa Maria and Pelotas.
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Vasseur, L., W. Shipley, and C. Ansseau. "Potential for Municipal Sewage Sludge Application on Agricultural Lands in Southern Quebec." Water Quality Research Journal 34, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.022.
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Abstract In the present study, sludge composition from 112 municipalities in southern Quebec, Canada, were studied in order to examine the potential of alternative, environmentally sound sludge disposal, such as land application. Twenty-four municipalities with complete data set produced 24,000 dry tons of sludge per year. Of this amount, 47% (11,000 dry tons) could potentially be used for agricultural land application, according to Quebec standards. The other municipalities could not use their sludge for agricultural land application because of heavy metal contamination. The available areas of agricultural lands in southern Quebec are limited to about 149,454 ha. Considering that only 15% of this surface is adequate for sludge application and that a large part is already applied with manure, only 86,683 ha could be used for sludge application. Geographical Information System modeling in a smaller portion of this region showed that another 38% of land must be removed for other reasons, e.g., buffer zones around water bodies and roads. This left a surface area of approximately 54,000 ha or 5.4% of all agricultural land available for sewage sludge application in this region. Land application of sewage sludge may be possible but not without some limitations in some regions of southern Quebec. Other factors, such as pathogens contamination, climatic constraints and economic costs for the transportation and storage of sludge, must also be considered.
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Bidoli, Ettore, Silvia Franceschi, and Maurizio Montella. "Cancer Mortality by Urbanization and Proximity to the Sea Coast in Campania Region, Southern Italy." Tumori Journal 84, no. 4 (July 1998): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400405.
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Aims and background The risk for several cancers is higher in urban than in rural areas. The gradient has seldom been studied in southern Europe. Patients and methods The geographical pattern of mortality for different cancers and all causes was studied in the Campania Region (about 5.6 million inhabitants), whose largest town is Naples. The key variables were residence in urban/rural and coastal/inland municipalities. Relative risks of death and corresponding 95% confidence intervals by residence were evaluated by means of Poisson log-linear regression models. Results Significantly increased mortality rates in urban compared to rural municipalities were found for several cancer causes of death. In particular, in both sexes, excesses in the order of 30-50% were observed for tobacco-related neoplasms (i.e., larynx, lung, and bladder) and cancers of the intestine, liver, brain, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in addition to all-cancer, and all-cause mortality. In females, specific excesses were also noticed for cancer of the gallbladder, pancreas, breast and uterus (corpus and cervix). Conversely, significantly decreased mortality rates in urban with respect to rural municipalities were observed for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx in males. Coastal location and degree of urbanization were strongly correlated, thus showing similar associations with most causes of death. However, a significant excess of cancer of the pleura in males was restricted to coastal municipalities. Conclusions Anti-smoking campaigns, sanitation improvements, hepatitis B vaccination, and a decrease in obesity emerge as high priorities with respect to cancer control strategies in the Campania Region, particularly in overpopu-lated, underprivileged urban areas.
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LaFevor, Matthew C., April N. Frake, and Stéphane Couturier. "Targeting Irrigation Expansion to Address Sustainable Development Objectives: A Regional Farm Typology Approach." Water 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172393.
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Sustainable water management is a core sustainable development goal (SDG) that also contributes to other SDGs, including food and water security, ecosystem health, and climate adaptation. To achieve these synergies, policies must target efforts to regions that best correspond with development objectives. This study designs a targeting strategy for irrigation expansion in southern Mexico—a region long considered to have strong potential for sustainable irrigation development. We use an integrated farm typology and decision tree approach to identify priority municipalities for irrigation expansion. We use multivariate statistics to examine the relationships among farm characteristics in 933 municipalities, classifying each according to four farm types: lowland, midland, midland-irrigated, and highland. We then partition municipalities into 11 farm-type subgroups, each ranked by priority level for receiving irrigation interventions following Mexico’s National Water Program guidelines. Results identify a ‘highest-priority’ subgroup of 73 municipalities comprised mostly of midland and highland farm types. These types are characterized by low irrigation use, small farmland areas, high vulnerability to climate, high marginalization (poverty), strong representation from indigenous communities, low maize yield, and high rates of subsistence production. Findings provide a crucial first approximation of where irrigation expansion would best address water policy priorities and sustainable development objectives in southern Mexico. This study also provides a useful framework for scaling organizations tasked with targeting development efforts across large spatial scales.
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Santos, Andréia Soprani dos, Suele Manjourany Silva Duro, Nágela Valadão Cade, Luiz Augusto Facchini, and Elaine Tomasi. "Quality of infant care in primary health services in Southern and Northeastern Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (January 29, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000186.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of the health care provided to children aged under one year old performed by primary health services in the South and Northeast regions of Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in 2010 with 7,915 children aged from one to four years, whose homes are located in the areas of health service coverage. We described the prevalence of procedures and guidelines, such as weight and height measurement, vaccination, newborn blood spot screening, evaluation of umbilical cord, instruction on breastfeeding and introduction of new food, and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The differences were analyzed using the chi-square test of heterogeneity and linear trend. We considered the main outcome of high-quality infant care if the child had received all recommended procedures and guidelines in the first year of life. For this analysis, we used the Poisson regression considering hierarchical model. RESULTS: There was low prevalence for the instruction on breastfeeding in the first week of life (58.8%, 95%CI 57.5–60.0) and on the introduction of new food in the fourth month care. The prevalence of high-quality in childcare was 42.0% (95%CI 40.5–43.5). The adjusted analysis according to hierarchical model indicated greater probability of this outcome in the Northeast region (PR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.09–1.26), in smaller municipalities (PR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.03–1.33), and in municipalities with 50,000 and 99,000 inhabitants (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.09–1.34). CONCLUSIONS: The Northeast region has higher-quality infant care services, which can be explained by the consolidation of the Family Health Strategy in that region.
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Dayrell, Jussara Santos, Vitor Dias Fernandes, Mário Ribeiro Moura, and Renato Neves Feio. "New records of Trachycephalus mambaiensis (Amphibia: Hylidae) from a cerrado region in Minas Gerais state, Brazil." Check List 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.2.269.
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In this article we report two new records of Trachycephalus mambaiensis for the state of Minas Gerais and present a map which represents the known distribution of this species. The record of T. mambaiensis from municipalities of Bonito de Minas and Januária, state of Minas Gerais represents a distribution extension of 190 km southern from the type locality, at the municipality of Mambaí, state of Goiás.
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YOSHIKAWA, Eiji Reonardo, José Luiz PETRI, and André Amarildo SEZERINO. "Chilling units and chilling hours for southern region of Brazil and Aomori in Japan." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 4, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.41.91-106.
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The brazilian apple production are located in the southern region, with the best areas in altitudes ranging from 800 to 1400 m, with great variability in the number of Chilling Hours (CH) and Chilling Units (CU) in the different regions and years. The objective of this study was to compare CH equal or below 7.2°C and CU by the North Carolina Modified model in different regions of southern Brazil, comparing with Aomori region in Japan. In Brazil was used historical data of the CH and CU from 2000 to 2016 in the municipalities of Caçador (960 m), Videira (774 m), São Joaquim (1376 m), Fraiburgo (1038 m) and Vacaria (986 m). In Aomori (2.8 m) the historical data used was from 2000 to 2011. The results shows that in southern Brazil there is a variation in the number of CH between sites and years, being greater in the sites of higher altitude, with an average of 880 CH in São Joaquim and 411 CH in Videira. When compared the brazilian regions with Aomori, the japanese region have a greater CH accumulation. Once CU have the same behavior of CH in respect to altitudes, but shows a larger variability between years in the different regions of southern Brazil, is possible to affirm that the North Carolina Modified method is more accurate to quantify the chilling in regions with large temperature fluctuations in the autumn and winter, while for regions with low thermal amplitude, the model of CH presents a better adherence.
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Cantini, Francesco, Giulio Castelli, Cristiano Foderi, Adalid Salazar Garcia, Teresa López de Armentia, Elena Bresci, and Fabio Salbitano. "Evidence-Based Integrated Analysis of Environmental Hazards in Southern Bolivia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122107.
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The “Valles Cruceños” rural region plays a fundamental role for securing food and other resources for the neighboring, and fast sprawling, city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia). Due to the increasing pressure on its natural resources, the region is affected by progressive and severe environmental degradation, as many other rural regions in South and Central America. In this situation, sound policies and governance for sustainable land management are weak and not supported by data and scientific research outputs. With the present study, we aim at developing a novel and practical integrated hazard analysis methodology, supporting the evidence-based understanding of hazard patterns and informing risk assessment processes in the urban-rural continuum. Firstly, the main environmental hazards affecting the area were identified via questionnaire campaigns, held by the staff of local municipalities. Focusing on the hazards mostly perceived by the inhabitants of the region, including deforestation, water pollution and precipitation changes, hazard maps were created by using multiple environmental hazards indicators. An integrated hazard map was then built in a GIS environment, after a pair-wise comparison process. The maps represent a first baseline for the analysis of the present status of natural resources in “Valles Cruceños” area, and the proposed approach can be scaled up for integrated environmental hazards analysis in similar areas of Latin America.
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Ruas, Danilo Silva, Caio Vinicius de Mira Mendes, Maria Lúcia Del-Grande, and Mirco Solé. "Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Hylidae): distribution extension and geographic distribution map for Bahia state, Brazil." Check List 9, no. 4 (September 1, 2013): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.4.858.
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The casque-headed frog Aparasphenodon brunoi is recorded for the first time in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Igrapiúna, southern region of Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. The new record of A. brunoi in the municipality of Igrapiúna, represents an increase of its known geographic distribution of approximately 150 km north from its nearest locality (airline), in municipality of Una, state of Bahia, representing now the northernmost known record for this species.
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Vaishar, Antonín, and Milada Šťastná. "Accessibility of Services in Rural Areas: Southern Moravia Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 9103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169103.
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The accessibility of basic services in rural settlements in the South Moravian Region was evaluated; the accessibility by public transport was taken into account because the accessibility by individual car transport does not manifest any problems. The accessibility was calculated for 768 rural settlements, defined as spatially separate places which do not belong to municipalities with extended power. The time distance includes the time of the ride plus 8 min walking distance to and from the stop. The data was taken from the Integrated Transport System of the South Moravian Region, which ensures that each populated place in the region has to be connected by public transport at least six times on working days. The results show that for 99.8% of the inhabitants of the region, central places equipped with a post office, a basic school and a general practitioner’s office are accessible in a shorter time than 30 min. The accessibility of the services depends primarily on the characteristics of the settlement system and the physical conditions of the transport. In lowland areas, the share of settlements with comfortable accessibility is expressively higher than that of the highland and peripheral territories. The possible future improvement consists of the digitization of the services.
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Petrucci, Olga, Tommaso Caloiero, Angela Aurora Pasqua, Piero Perrotta, Luigi Russo, and Carlo Tansi. "Civil protection and Damaging Hydrogeological Events: comparative analysis of the 2000 and 2015 events in Calabria (southern Italy)." Advances in Geosciences 44 (November 9, 2017): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-44-101-2017.
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Abstract. Calabria (southern Italy) is a flood prone region, due to both its rough orography and fast hydrologic response of most watersheds. During the rainy season, intense rain affects the region, triggering floods and mass movements that cause economic damage and fatalities. This work presents a methodological approach to perform the comparative analysis of two events affecting the same area at a distance of 15 years, by collecting all the qualitative and quantitative features useful to describe both rain and damage. The aim is to understand if similar meteorological events affecting the same area can have different outcomes in terms of damage. The first event occurred between 8 and 10 September 2000, damaged 109 out of 409 municipalities of the region and killed 13 people in a campsite due to a flood. The second event, which occurred between 30 October and 1 November 2015, damaged 79 municipalities, and killed a man due to a flood. The comparative analysis highlights that, despite the exceptionality of triggering daily rain was higher in the 2015 event, the damage caused by the 2000 event to both infrastructures and belongings was higher, and it was strongly increased due to the 13 flood victims. We concluded that, in the 2015 event, the management of pre-event phases, with the issuing of meteorological alert, and the emergency management, with the preventive evacuation of people in hazardous situations due to landslides or floods, contributed to reduce the number of victims.
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Forti, Luiz Carlos, Jael Santos Rando, Roberto Da Silva Camargo, Aldenise Alves Moreira, Maria Aparecida Castellani, Suzany Aguiar Leite, Kátia Kaelly Andrade Sousa, and Nadia Caldato. "Occurrence of Leaf-Cutting and Grass-Cutting Ants of the Genus Atta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Geographic Regions of Brazil." Sociobiology 67, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i4.5741.
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Leaf-cutting ants are widely distributed in Brazil, particularly species of the genus Atta. We therefore described the occurrence of leaf-cutting and grass-cutting ant species of the genus Atta. Five routes comprising some of the main highways in the South, Southeast, Center-West, and North of Brazil were sampled, in addition to ants received from other 82 municipalities, composing 300 municipalities sampled. This is the first comprehensive study of Atta in Brazil. The following species were found: A. laevigata, A. capiguara, A. sexdens rubropilosa, A. sexdens piriventris, A. sexdens sexdens and A. cephalotes. Atta laevigata and A. capiguara were the species present in the largest number of the Brazilian municipalities sampled. Atta laevigata assumed the position of species of greatest occurrence in the Brazilian territory. Atta sexdens piriventris was only recorded in the southern region of Brazil. Atta bisphaerica presented lower expansion than A. capiguara. Atta cephalotes and Atta opaciceps are species of very restricted occurrence. Southeastern region was characterized by the occurrence of A. capiguara and A. laevigata. Atta laevigata exhibited a generalized pattern of occurrence in the Center-West and North. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the so far unknown occurrence of leaf-cutting and grass-cutting ants within Brazil.
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Baronio, Cléber Antonio, Marcos Botton, Suzete Rodrigues Gomes, and David Gwyn Robinson. "First record of qualitative losses caused by Meghimatium pictum in vineyards of Southern Brazil and the effects of two molluscicides for its control." Ciência Rural 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 1715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130522.
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This research reports the terrestrial slug Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) as an agricultural pest for the first time in Southern Brazil vineyards. The species was found in densities exceeding 20 slugs.m-2 in Vitis labrusca L. vineyards at six municipalities of the Southern Brazil's viticulture region. It causes damage a loss by leaving residual mucus on grapes and by consuming grapes already perforated by other organisms, such as insects or birds, or mechanically damaged by in situ compression. The effectiveness of iron phosphate and metaldehyde baits on M. pictum was evaluated in laboratory experiments. Iron phosphate bait was more effective in controlling M. pictum (70%) than metaldehyde bait (15%)
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Chaney, Robert A., and Elizabeth J. Stones. "Access to Soft-Surface, Green Exercise Trails in Mountainous, Urban Municipalities." Environmental Health Insights 13 (January 2019): 117863021983698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630219836986.
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Soft-surface exercise infrastructure (ie off-road, mountain, and dirt trails) has been a particularly valuable community asset in mountainous, urban municipalities. This off-road, trail infrastructure can encourage individuals to engage in green exercise (ie physical activity done outside while in nature, for example, mountainous trails and near waterways). Green exercise can be helpful for encouraging individuals to participate in exercise who otherwise may not; it is especially helpful for promoting mental well-being and a sense of being connected to the environment. This study characterizes trail access and predictors among urban, mountainous municipalities in the Utah Wasatch Front region. Access was determined using two-standard deviation ellipses (2SDE) activity space analysis, and predictors were identified using multiple linear regression. About 42% municipalities had no trailhead access (ie no trailhead within its corresponding activity space). Trail density and trailheads were significantly correlated ( r = 0.49, P = .004). There was a significant trail density cluster in the southern area of the study region, centered all over the city of Alpine. Reduced-model regression yielded trailheads and home income as being significant predictors of trail density, and trail density and elevation as being significant predictors for trailheads. Results demonstrate patterns of access to green exercise trails that align with socioeconomic and municipal elevation. The results of this research should be insightful for those who work in exercise promotion and urban planners.
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SANTOS, LAÍS RODRIGUES, CINTIA RIBEIRO, RODOLFO MARIANO, and MARCIEL ELIO RODRIGUES. "Description of the larva of Leptagrion dispar Selys, 1876 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) with notes on distribution and ecology of the specie." Zootaxa 4896, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.8.
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The genus Leptagrion Selys, 1876 comprises 17 described species. Of these species, only eight have their immature stage described. In this work, we describe the last instar larva of Leptagrion dispar Selys, 1876. The specimens were collected in areas of Atlantic Forest in three municipalities of the southern region of Bahia, Brazil, in phytotelmata habitats of bromeliads. Larvae were described based on the characteristics of the preserved F-0 larvae and exuviae of the emerged specimens in the laboratory. We added information about the habitats where the specimens were found. We extended occurrence records to other regions of the state of Bahia and presented a comparative table with morphological characteristics of all Leptagrion larvae already described.
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Costa, A. C. "Local patterns and trends of the Standard Precipitation Index in southern Portugal (1940–1999)." Advances in Geosciences 30 (May 9, 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-30-11-2011.
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Abstract. This paper analyzes the yearly changes in precipitation from 1940 to 1999 on local and regional scales over the southern region of continental Portugal, which has large areas threatened by desertification. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) time series with the 12-month time scale is calculated for 43 meteorological stations. A geostatistical approach is used to evaluate the temporal dynamics of the spatial patterns of precipitation. The spatial homogeneity of the SPI is evaluated for each decade. Afterwards, a geostatistical simulation algorithm (direct sequential simulation) is used to produce 100 equiprobable maps of the SPI for each year. This gridded data set (6000 maps with 800 m × 800 m grid cells) is then used to produce yearly scenarios of the SPI from 1940 to 1999, and uncertainty evaluations of the produced scenarios. The linear trend of SPI values over the sixty years period is calculated at each grid cell of the scenarios' maps using a nonparametric estimator. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney one-sided tests are used to compare the local median of the SPI in 1940/1969 with its median in 1970/1999. Results show that moderate drought conditions occur frequently over the study region, except in the northwest coast. Severe drought frequency patterns are found in areas of the centre and southeast regions. A significant trend towards drying occurs in the centre region and in the northeast. Considering the amount of water consumption and irrigation already required in some municipalities, water shortage due to drought is a viable threat in most of the Alentejo region if those local trends persist.
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Revellino, Paola, Luigi Guerriero, Neri Mascellaro, Francesco Fiorillo, Gerardo Grelle, Giuseppe Ruzza, and Francesco M. Guadagno. "Multiple Effects of Intense Meteorological Events in the Benevento Province, Southern Italy." Water 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2019): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081560.
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In October 2015, two intense rainfall events hit the central and southern regions of Italy and triggered a combination of different and widespread effects, including floods, landslides, and soil erosion. These outcomes devastated about 68 municipalities of the Benevento province (Campania region), killed two people, and caused millions of euros worth of damage to structures, infrastructures, and agriculture. The town of Benevento was one of the sectors most affected by overflow. Extensive areas characterized by flyschoid outcrops experienced widespread occurrences of soil erosion and landslides, and destructive, high-velocity debris flows (about 50) afflicted areas that had experienced heavy rainfall of higher intensity (total rainfall of 415.6 mm). In this study, the characteristics of these rainfall events and related geomorphological processes were determined by (i) analyzing the available rainfall data to identify the spatial pattern, distribution, and statistical characteristics of the two storms and (ii) mapping the storm effects, such as flooded areas, landslide types, and soil erosion. These effects were then related to the spatial distribution of the storms and the local geological and geomorphologic settings that drove their initiation and development.
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Swanson, Resha T. "Still Fighting: The Relationship Between Contemporary Preemption in the South and the Continued Struggle for Black Worker Rights." Columbia Social Work Review 19, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cswr.v19i1.7288.
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Post-Reconstruction Black Codes implemented throughout the South stunted the economic mobility of Black workers and replicated the free labor system of slavery (Nittle, 2021). While these laws were abandoned or outlawed over time (Nittle, 2021; PBS, 2017), the use of contemporary preemption in Southern states acts as a de facto continuation of Black Codes by barring legislation, often from progressive cities and municipalities, that seeks to strengthen rights and protections for Black workers throughout the region. In order to properly understand the unique racial, political, and economic entanglement between twenty-first century preemption and the oppression of Black workers, one must first explore the origins of preemption and the history of Black worker oppression in the South. This examination provides the backdrop for modern attempts to suppress Black workers in states like Alabama and Tennessee. A closer look at the deep political divisions between Southern legislatures and urban municipalities in their states offer arguments, though unfounded and insufficient, in favor of preemption, and outline the challenges worker advocates face when addressing the problem. Despite its challenges, it is critical for organizers to continue fighting preemption using creative strategies and to reaffirm the rights and advancement of Black workers.
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Santos, Bianca L., Fábio Raphael P. Bruhn, Ana Carolina B. Coelho, Pablo Estima-Silva, Joanna V. Echenique, Eliza Simone V. Sallis, and Ana Lucia Schild. "Epidemiological study of rabies in cattle in southern Brazil: spatial and temporal distribution from 2008 to 2017." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 7 (July 2019): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-6160-pvb-6088.
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ABSTRACT: Rabies affects several domestic species, causing significant economic losses due to the death of animals in characteristic areas of the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, this work aimed to study the epidemiology of rabies outbreaks observed in cattle from January 2008 to December 2017, through its space and time distribution in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. We performed an observational and ecological retrospective through the analysis of data recorded in necropsy protocols performed in cattle at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel). A descriptive data analysis aimed at evaluating the distribution of cases over time. The statistical analysis was performed with Gretl statistical software 1.9.12 (GNU Regression, Econometric, and Time-series Library). To the existence of stationarity was verified with the Dickey-Fuller test, considering a value of p<0.05. From January 2008 to December 2017, 1418 bovine diagnostic materials were received at the LRD-UFPel, and 160 outbreaks of rabies were confirmed in 160 farms located in the 24 municipalities of the LRD-UFPel area of influence. We observed 591 cattle out of a total of 25,886 infected with the virus. We conclude that rabies does not exhibit seasonality in the study region, with a tendency to decrease in frequency in the next years. The disease has an epidemic characteristic in most of the analyzed months (2012-2014), remaining endemic in the remaining period (2011, 2015 and 2016) with sporadic episodes of epidemics in these years. We also observed that as the incidence of the disease increased in the animals and in the properties, there was a geographical spread of the virus for the majority (54.16%) of the municipalities in the area of influence of the LRD-UFPel.
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Kleynhans, Ewert, and Moloto J. Sekhobela. "Shift-share analysis of production in the manufacturing industry of South Africa’s Southern District Municipality." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v4i1.332.
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In this study, the development and structure of value-added production in the manufacturing industries of the Southern District Municipality (SDM) of South Africa are investigated. The field of study focuses on spatial economic development, with the aim of identifying industries that can offer future growth and job creation. The methodology of shift-share analysis, often applied to studies of Economic Geography, is used for the empirical analysis. The SDM district municipality includes the local municipalities of Klerksdorp, Potchefstroom, Ventersdorp, Merafong City and Wolmaransstad. The economy of these municipalities is mainly dependent on gold mining, which is declining as their gold reserves are becoming depleted which will lead to a large section of its population being unemployed in the near future. Shift-share analysis provides insight into the shifts of production between various sectors over time and is comprehensible to policymakers. It provides further insight into the national share effect on production of the sectors in the region, as well as the regional industrial mix and the competitive share effects. It was found that the sectors with the highest growth potential are Transport Equipment, Petroleum and Chemicals, Furniture, Metal Products, and Wood and Paper Products, and they merit attention in future development initiatives.
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Duarte, Miqueias Lima, Fabrício Berton Zanchi, Juliana Rocha Duarte Neves, Heron Salazar Costa, and Walleson Higor Corrêa Jordão. "Vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1797.
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Groundwater has been used intensively throughout Brazil. In southern Amazonas state, the water supplies of some municipalities are derived exclusively from wells. Yet this region generally has no wastewater treatment, leading to potential contamination of the underground water. We classified and mapped the vulnerability of groundwater supplies to contamination in the urban and peri-urban area of Humaitá in southern Amazonas State. We used the GOD method (Groundwater occurrence; Overall Lithology of the unsaturated zone; Depth of the water table) to score vulnerability classes. The results revealed the existence of average and high vulnerability of aquifer contamination in the area, indicating the fragility of the aquifer system that supplies the municipality, and showing the need for public policies aimed at the protection of the region’s groundwater resources.
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Malloy, Tove H., and Sonja Wolf. "Linguistic Minority Rights in the Danish-German Border Region: Reciprocity and Public Administration Policies." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 23, no. 4 (November 18, 2016): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02304002.
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Language equality is not public policy in Denmark or Germany, and neither country has adopted an official state language constitutionally. Both countries protect minority languages through regional and local statutes on culture and education and have signed relevant international standards on linguistic rights for minorities and protection of regional or minority languages. Neither system is very transparent, nor comprehensive. This has created consternation and dissatisfaction among the national minorities residing in the Danish-German border region resulting in recent tensions in the municipalities in Southern Denmark, whereas the government of Schleswig-Holstein decided in 2015 to address the issue with policy reforms for public administration. This article focuses on linguistic minority rights in the Danish-German border region with specific attention to minority languages in public administration and specifically to the on-going reforms in Schleswig-Holstein.
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Viñas, Carmen Delgado. "Depopulation Processes in European Rural Areas: A Case Study of Cantabria (Spain)." European Countryside 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0021.
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Abstract Europe witnessed massive migration away from rural areas throughout the 20th century. Spain was no exception to the rule, albeit with differences in timing and pace, and the population in Cantabria constitutes a paradigmatic case. Here, the rural exodus began early – before the mid-20th century – in some mountainous districts, but reached a peak in the 1960s and continued throughout the following decades. Since the 1990s, population levels in rural municipalities have fallen at a slower rate, while the population of the region as a whole has increased slightly. Disturbingly, the rural population has continued to decline in the early 21st century, in an overall context of almost zero population growth. The demographic trends analyzed here are not only different in time, but also in space. With the partial exception of regional capitals and their neighbouring communities, municipalities in mountain districts have witnessed such a substantial decline in their populations that they have experienced a genuine process of depopulation. This case does not explain the all-similar cases in rural Europe as a whole, but it can help in interpreting other comparable processes in different regions of southern Europe where depopulation reached its maximum in the second half of the 20th century and still continues today.
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Moreira do Nascimento, Joseane, Darliane Evangelho Silva, Aline Marjana Pavan, Luiz Liberato Costa Corrêa, Matheus Schussler, Liana Johann, and Noeli Juarez Ferla. "Abundance and distribution of Aculus schlechtendali on apple orchards in Southern of Brazil." Acarologia 60, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20204394.
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The dispersion of insects and mites can be favored by many factors, including the increasing circulation of plant materials. Special attention is needed to the eriophyoid mites, which have a greater potential as introduced species, due to their physical and biological characteristics. Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae, Apple Rust Mite - ARM) is considered an important apple pest in several countries, being recently reported for the first time in Brazil. This study aimed to carry out a survey of the abundance and distribution of ARM in the Southern region of Brazil, in the cultivars Fuji, Gala and Eva, grown in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR). In addition, Moran's I autocorrelation was used as an analytical tool to assess the spatial dependence between the sample points. A total of 94 orchards were sampled in 19 municipalities, distributed in the three evaluated states. Regarding cultivars, there were 40 orchards of Fuji cultivar, 43 of Gala and 11 of Eva. At each one, 20 plants were selected, from which four leaves were collected, totaling 80 leaves/orchard. The screening and identification of the mites occurred at the Laboratório de Acarologia at the Universidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates, and the statistical analysis were made using generalized linear mixed models with subsequent paired analysis, using R-software. A total of 1,647 specimens of ARM were found in 66 orchards located in 17 municipalities, with an average number (mean ± standard deviation) of 24 ± 55 mites/orchard, 44 ± 83 in Fuji, 10 ± 19 in Gala and 17 ± 21 in Eva. The average number of mites differed between cultivars and states, with the lowest number in the cultivar Gala and in Rio Grande do Sul. No spatial autocorrelation was observed between the points, indicating that the dispersion of ARM in Southern Brazil has occurred at random, without a predefined pattern that would indicate a possible hotspot. The presence of this species serves as an alert for the apple production industry, regarding the distribution of a species previously not reported in the region. The recognition of the presence, abundance and distribution of this species will help in the monitoring and future management decisions, as well as the understanding of the distribution pattern.
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Gayen, Sumita, Luis Ismael Vallejo-Villalta, and Sk Mafizul Haque. "Assessment of Social Vulnerability in Malaga Province, Spain: A Comparison of Indicator Standardization Techniques." Revista de Estudios Andaluces, no. 41 (2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rea.2021.i41.05.
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Hazards are any sort of extreme events that occurred by natural causes, human activities or sometimes both reasons are responsible. Social vulnerability exposes people’s condition in hazards. To prevent the loss and damages by hazards, it is necessary to identify vulnerable population of a region by constructing social vulnerability maps of that region. Here in this work, study region is Malaga province, located in southern part of Spain, under the autonomous community of Andalusia. 23 key indicators have been adopted to understand the vulnerability of people in Malaga province at a municipality scale. Three different standardization methodologies (maximum value transformation, z score transformation and min–max rescaling transformation) have been used to build five vulnerable zones. There exists strong to very strong relationship between the results obtained by using three methodologies. The final result shows that most socio-economically vulnerable municipalities are located mainly in western part of the Malaga province.
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Navarro-Valverde, Francisco, Eugenio Cejudo-García, and José Antonio Cañete Pérez. "The Lack of Attention Given by Neoendogenous Rural Development Practice to Areas Highly Affected by Depopulation. The Case of Andalusia (Spain) in 2015–2020 Period." European Countryside 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0022.
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Abstract How are the problems of depopulation being faced by the Local Action Groups (LAGs) and the LEADER approach? What kinds of proposals are being pointed out to tackle young people’s exodus, the economic depression, the physical and virtual distances, and the marginality from the political and economic centers by these local public-private partnerships to the areas having the more worrying situations? Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, has many municipalities with these severe devepopulation problems. According to this aim, the Local Development Strategies documents (LDSs) of the LAGs for 2015–2020, have been reviewed. The predominance of the top-down approach has limited the attention given to face the rural depopulation. It is relevant to note, as well, the reduced presence of specific objectives and projects to combat depopulation in these deep rural areas. The last finding is that these municipalities with extreme depopulation have been left aside; as no solution placed. Definitely, as empty areas to promote rural development. Depopulation concept and depopulation areas have been forgotten for neoendogenous rural development practices.
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Grigorov, Borislav. "The Link Between Habitats and Carbon Accumulation from Natural Forest Regrowth in Borino Municipality (Southern Bulgaria)." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0013.
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Abstract Carbon accumulation in forests is an important step towards achieving better climate mitigation levels. The current research aims at uncovering the link between the NATURA 2000 habitats in Borino Municipality, Southern Bulgaria and the expected carbon sequestration from natural forest regrowth for the period 2020-2050. The case study area currently is of a predominantly mountainous character with a number of forests – a prerequisite for enlargement of the carbon pools. Nevertheless, there are also grassland habitats, which participate in this process as well. The results of the research show that the southern parts of the municipality possess a larger potential for carbon accumulation with levels, reaching 1.10 and 1.28Mg C ha−1 yr−1. The promising outcomes may be used as an example of an investigation of climate mitigation and may serve as a basis for broadening the geographical range in other municipalities in the region.
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Carmello, Vinicius. "Tendência, variação espacial da soja e caracterização socioeconômica de municípios produtores do Paraná, Brasil." Ciência e Natura 40 (May 11, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27823.
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The Paraná State in Southern Brazil is the second most soybean producer from Brazil; Paraná comes behind only the Mato Grosso state in Brazilian central area. This paper aims to analyze the soybean trend and spatial variation productivity data, as well as carry out a social and economic characterization of the municipalities producers and thus create regional indicators unfold different patterns of productivity of soybean in a representative region of Paraná in the years between 1999 to 2010. To finish this research was collected soybean data from 132 counties. These counties represent the southern slope of Paranapanema river basin. Was applied two statistic testes: Mann-Kendall and the Ward. The results were represented in cartographic system and boxplots graphics and they showed the visible soybean yield crop and spatial variation between all counties. The crop and spatial variation have relation with agriculture characteristics analyzed by IBGE data.
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Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de, and Santos D'Angelo Neto. "First assessment of the avifauna of Araucaria forests and other habitats from extreme southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, with notes on biogeography and conservation." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49, no. 3 (2009): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492009000300001.
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The avifauna of the Araucaria forests in the higher reaches of the Serra da Mantiqueira massif is little known and poorly documented. This region is recognized as an important area of differentiation of birds in southeastern Brazil. Here, we present the first ornithological survey of the Araucaria forests and associated habitats in the mountains of extreme southern Minas Gerais state, near the southern tip of the Serra da Mantiqueira. The study area comprises the Serra do Juncal region and several adjacent sites, located in the municipalities of Gonçalves and Camanducaia. We recorded 206 bird species, of which 57 (27.7%) are endemic to the Atlantic forest. Several records represent the first specimens for Minas Gerais, in the hinterlands of Serra da Mantiqueira, proving that many Atlantic species also occur in the intern most slope of this mountain range. Examples are: Dysithamnus xanthopterus, Chamaeza ruficauda, Leptasthenura setaria, Heliobletus contaminatus, Hemitriccus obsoletus, Phylloscartes difficilis, Piprites pileata, Poospiza thoracica, and Cacicus chrysopterus. The region is also a previously unknown area of sympatry of other closely related species: Scytalopus notorius and S. speluncae, Lepidocolaptes squamatus and L. falcinellus, and Basileuterus culicivorus and B. hypoleucus. Both species of Lepidocolaptes and Basileuterus hybridize in the region. We also comment on the avifauna conservation, which have been threatened by eco-tourism, building of new styles of houses, domestic animals, forest fragmentation, and plantations.
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Arantes, Arielle Elias, Victor Rezende de Moreira Couto, Edson Eyji Sano, and Laerte Guimarães Ferreira. "Livestock intensification potential in Brazil based on agricultural census and satellite data analysis." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900009.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of livestock intensification in Brazil. Beef cattle stocking rates were estimated according to agricultural census data on livestock production in Brazilian municipalities. Pasture carrying capacity was obtained by combining moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (Modis) images of gross primary productivity and data on dry matter demand per animal unit (AU). Cattle stocking rate for Brazil, in 2014/2015, was 0.97 AU ha-1, and the carrying capacity was 3.60 AU ha-1; therefore, there is an average livestock intensification potential of 2.63 AU ha-1. The highest average intensification potential was observed for the Southern region (3.62 AU ha-1), and the lowest for the Northern (2.13 AU ha-1) and Northeastern regions (2.22 AU ha-1). It is possible to estimate cattle stocking rate, pasture carrying capacity, and potential of livestock intensification by integrating data on agricultural census and remote sensing.
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Blume, KK, JC Macedo, A. Meneguzzi, LB Silva, DM Quevedo, and MAS Rodrigues. "Water quality assessment of the Sinos River, Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 suppl (December 2010): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600008.
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The Sinos River basin is located Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º 20' to 30º 10' S and 50º 15' to 51º20'W), Southern Brazil, covering two geomorphologic provinces: the Southern plateau and central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin and has an area of approximately 800 km², encompassing 32 municipalities. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Sinos River, the largest river in this basin. Water samples were collected at four selected sites in the Sinos River, and the following parameters were analysed: pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, fecal coliforms, total dissolved solids, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorous, chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. The results were analysed based on Resolution No. 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) regarding regulatory limits for residues in water. A second analysis was performed based on a water quality index (WQI) used by the Sinos River Basin Management Committee (COMITESINOS). Poor water quality in the Sinos River presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the urban core. Health conditions found in the Sinos River, mainly in its lower reaches, are worrying and a strong indicator of human activities on the basin.
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Moreno-Banda, Grea Litai, Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez, Magali Hurtado-Díaz, Rogelio Danis-Lozano, and Stephen Joel Rothenberg. "Effects of climatic and social factors on dengue incidence in Mexican municipalities in the state of Veracruz." Salud Pública de México 59, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/8414.
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Objective. To assess links between the social variables and longer-term El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related weather conditions as they relate to the week-to-week changes in dengue incidence at a regional level. Materials and methods. We collected data from 10 municipalities of the Olmeca region in México, over a 10 year period (January 1995 to December 2005). Negative binomial models with distributed lags were adjusted to look for associations between changes in the weekly incidence rate of dengue fever and climate variability. Results. Our results show that it takes approximately six weeks for sea surface temperatures (SST -34) to affect dengue incidence adjusted by weather and social variables. Conclusion. Such models could be used as early as two months in advance to provide information to decision makers about potential epidemics. Elucidating the effect of climatic variability and social variables, could assist in the development of accurate early warning systems for epidemics like dengue, Chikungunya and Zika.
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Mariani, Francesca, Ilaria Zambon, and Luca Salvati. "Population Matters: Identifying Metropolitan Sub-Centers from Diachronic Density-Distance Curves, 1960–2010." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 4653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124653.
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The present study illustrates a simplified procedure identifying population sub-centers over 50 years in three Southern European cities (Barcelona, Rome, Athens) with the aim to define and characterize progressive shifts from mono-centric structures towards a polycentric spatial configuration of (growing) metropolitan regions. This procedure is based on a spatially-explicit, local-scale analysis of the standardized residuals from a log-linear model assessing the relationship between population concentration and the distance from a central place in each metropolitan region, under the hypotheses that (i) a mono-centric spatial structure is characterized by a linear relationship between the two variables and that (ii) population sub-centers—considered early signals of a more polycentric regional structure—are characterized by high and positive regression residuals. Results of this study indicate that the three cities have experienced distinctive urbanization waves influencing the overall metropolitan configuration, with variable impact on the original mono-centric structure. Population sub-centers include (i) peri-urban municipalities around the central city and more remote towns situated in rural districts (Barcelona); (ii) scattered towns at variable distances (20–30 km) from the central city (Rome); (iii) fringe municipalities and peri-urban locations in flat districts, 10–20 km away from the central city (Athens). These results may indicate a distinctive evolution path toward polycentric development in the three cities, more evident in Barcelona and Rome and less evident in Athens. The proposed methodology can be generalized and adapted to discriminate population from employment sub-centers in metropolitan regions all over Europe.
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Lignon, J. S., N. F. Gonçalves, L. L. Cunha, T. A. Antunes, M. S. Leão, J. L. T. Camassola, T. G. Pellegrin, P. K. Ripoll, F. G. Pappen, and D. M. Pinto. "Anthelmintic resistance in Creole horses in the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 3 (May 2021): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12247.
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ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the antiparasitic resistance against horse nematodes in the South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results concerning the tests of anthelmintic efficacy on horses, stored in the database of the Parasitic Diseases Study Group (GEEP) - Veterinary Faculty, at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), were carried out in the laboratory from 2018 to 2019. Stool samples were received from farms with breeding of adult female and male Criollo horses naturally infected, located in municipalities in the country’s southern region. The antiparasitic agents tested were Triclorfon + Fenbendazole, Closantel + Albendazole, Ivermectin + Praziquantel, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Doramectin, Mebendazole and Moxidectin. Techniques such as Gordon and Whitlock, Coproculture and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test were performed. Of all the antiparasitic drugs tested, it was observed that only treatments with Ivermectin 2% showed desired values. The observed results indicate that resistance to macrocyclic lactones is usual in equine parasites in this Brazilian region, despite the results with isolated Ivermectin.
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Sangiuliano, Stephen Joseph. "Community energy and emissions planning for tidal current turbines: A case study of the municipalities of the Southern Gulf Islands Region, British Columbia." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76 (September 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.036.
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Gomez, Norma. "Climate change and adaptation on selected crops in Southern Philippines." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2013-0014.
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Purpose – This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of the farmer-respondents in Southern Philippines, specifically Region XI and XII, to climate change. Design/methodology/approach – This study conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of climate change on maize (Zea mays), banana (Musa sapientum) and durian (Durio zibethinus) production. Furthermore, it estimated the determinants of adaptation to climate change and its corresponding effect on farm productivity. The analysis used primary data from 541 farmer-respondents producing maize, banana and durian in the 6 provinces and 18 municipalities of the sample areas. Findings – Based on the probit estimate results, farmers adaptation decisions were influenced by information about future climate change conditions, social capital, access to formal extension and farmer-to-farmer extension. The author found from the stochastic frontier estimation in the production function that climate change adaptations exerted a significant impact on farm productivity. It helped in coping with the adverse effects and risk of climate change while increasing agricultural productivities of the farmer-respondents. Originality/value – This research paper will be an addition to the body of knowledge on the socioeconomic aspects on the climate change and adaptation on the production of maize, banana and durian in the case of a developing country like Southern Philippines. This will bring more insights into the adaptation strategies that are crucial to cope with climatic variability and change.
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Meyer, Ane Katharina Paarup, Caroline Schleier, Hans-Peter Piorr, and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. "The potential of surplus grass production as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion: A case study in the Region of Southern Denmark." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000277.
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AbstractThis paper presents an assessment of the surplus grass production in the Region of Southern Denmark, and the perspectives of utilizing it in local biogas production. Grass production represents a significant role in the Danish agricultural sector. However, statistical data show an excess production of averagely 12% in the period 2006–2012. Based on spatial analyses and statistical data, the geographical distribution of grass production and consumption was estimated and mapped for the Region of Southern Denmark. An excess production of grass was estimated for several of the municipalities in the Region of Southern Denmark, but the excess production was found to be quite sensitive to the management practice of the grass fields and the productivity of the grass. The yields of excess grass estimated in the sensitive and conservative scenario were found to be sufficient to serve a sole co-substrate in 2–8 biogas plants using animal manure as primary feedstock. The yields in the intensive scenario were assessed to be sufficient to serve a sole co-substrate in 8–16 biogas plants. Alternatively, at least 31% of the regionally produced maize which is exported to the biogas sector could annually be substituted by methane produced from the production of excess grass. The intensive scenario was estimated to have significantly higher grass yields than the sensitive and conservative scenario. The environmental impacts of intensified agricultural management should, however, be assessed carefully in order to ensure that the ecosystems are not increasingly being burdened. The potential of utilizing residual grass for energy production in the region or as an alternative to the maize exported to Northern Germany, was concluded to seem as a promising possibility for a sustainable development of the regional biogas sector. Furthermore, it could provide incentives for establishing new biogas plants in the region and thereby increase the share of manure being digested anaerobically, which could help extrapolate the environmental and climate related benefits documented for the use of digested animal manure as fertilizer on agricultural land.
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Ellis, Edward A., José Antonio Sierra-Huelsz, Gustavo Celestino Ortíz Ceballos, Citlalli López Binnqüist, and Carlos R. Cerdán. "Mixed Effectiveness of REDD+ Subnational Initiatives after 10 Years of Interventions on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091005.
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Since 2010, the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) mechanism has been implemented in Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, a biodiversity hotspot with persistent deforestation problems. We apply the before-after-control-intervention approach and quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the effectiveness of REDD+ interventions in reducing deforestation at municipal (meso) and community (micro) scales. Difference-in-differences regression and propensity score matching did not show an overall reduction in forest cover loss from REDD+ projects at both scales. However, Synthetic Control Method (SCM) analyses demonstrated mixed REDD+ effectiveness among intervened municipalities and communities. Funding agencies and number of REDD+ projects intervening in a municipality or community did not appear to affect REDD+ outcomes. However, cattle production and commercial agriculture land uses tended to impede REDD+ effectiveness. Cases of communities with important forestry enterprises exemplified reduced forest cover loss but not when cattle production was present. Communities and municipalities with negative REDD+ outcomes were notable along the southern region bordering Guatemala and Belize, a remote forest frontier fraught with illegal activities and socio-environmental conflicts. We hypothesize that strengthening community governance and organizational capacity results in REDD+ effectiveness. The observed successes and problems in intervened communities deserve closer examination for REDD+ future planning and development of strategies on the Yucatan Peninsula.
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Pinto, T. J. P., E. P. Mendonça, K. V. Bloch, G. M. Cunha, and E. S. F. Coutinho. "Early use of alcohol associated with sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle factors: survival analysis with Brazilian students." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz036.
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Abstract Background To evaluate the early age of onset (AOO) of alcohol consumption and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional and lifestyle characteristics. Methods A national cross-sectional multi-centered study assessed 12–17-year old adolescents from 1247 public and private schools in 124 Brazilian municipalities with more than 100 000 habitants. Our variable of interest was the AOO of alcohol consumption. Covariates comprised sociodemographic status, lifestyle habits and nutritional parameters. We used adapted survival models to investigate the association between covariates and the AOO of alcohol consumption. Results From a sample of 67 672 adolescents, 50% were females. The mean AOO of alcohol consumption was 12.9 years. Male adolescents had a lower mean age of alcohol experimentation when compared to females in Northeast and South regions. The difference between private and public school for AOO was observed only for the Northeast Region (12.6 versus 13.1, respectively). Adolescents who reported smoking or mental health problems or from the Southern Region presented earlier alcohol use. Physical activity and overweight were positively associated with earlier use of alcohol. Conclusions There is no homogeneity in the AOO of alcohol consumption among adolescents, which should be considered when formulating public policies and government campaigns directed toward reducing alcohol consumption.
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Grgic, Zivoslav, Branka Vidic, Bosiljka Djuricic, Sara Savic-Jevdjenic, and Igor Stojanov. "Findings of specific antibodies against Leptospira interrogans in cattle blood sera." Veterinarski glasnik 59, no. 5-6 (2005): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0506611g.
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Serological investigations were performed on 24,208 samples of cattle blood serum, representing 31.18% of the reproductive cattle fund in the territory of nine municipalities in the Southern Backa region over a period of five years. The samples were examined using the method of microscopic agglutination, with live antigens of nine Leptospira serotypes: L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. sejroe, L. tarassovi, L. australis, L. bataviae, L. canicola, and L. hardjo. Specific antibodies against leptospira were established in 286 or 1.18% samples of cattle serum. The level of seroprevalence of leptospira infection at an annual level ranged from 2.56% to 0.05%. The biggest number of seropositive cattle were registered in the municipality of Novi Sad-151 cattle, or 3.54%. In the course of the observation period, the presence of four serotypes of ieptospira were diagnozed in catlt: L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. hardjo. The most represented serotype was L. hardjo, 41.02%, while the serotypes L. grippotyphosa (34.61%), L. icterohaemorrhagiae (14.74%) and L. pomona (9.61%) were diagnosed in smaller percentages. An increasing tendency was observed in the number of cattle infected with leptospira at an annual level of 0.195%. On the basis of the presented analysis, it can be predicted with a probability of 95%, that leptospirosis in cattle will appear within the range of 0.09% to 3.50% in the epizootiological region of Southern Backa in the coming period.
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Alberti, Taina S., Fabio Raphael P. Bruhn, Rosimeri Zamboni, Fabiano R. Venancio, Haide Valeska Scheid, Margarida B. Raffi, Ana Lucia Schild, and Eliza Simone V. Sallis. "Epidemiological analysis of bovine tuberculosis in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul from 2000 to 2015." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 2 (February 2020): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6406.
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ABSTRACT: Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an infectious and zoonotic disease with socioeconomic importance, responsible for economic losses in livestock due to the decrease in animal productivity, mortality, bovine carcass condemnation and restriction on exportations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of this disease through a descriptive analysis and time series of cases of bovine tuberculosis diagnosed at the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) of the Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) from 2000 to 2015. A survey was carried out in the LRD database of cases diagnosed as tuberculosis in cattle during this period. The incidence rate of BTB ([cases/population] x 100000) was calculated. Qualitative variables (sex, age, race, origin, type of material and presumptive diagnosis) were analyzed in a descriptive way, aiming to establish the profile of affected animals, characterize the municipalities in which the disease is originated and also fix the main referral organs for diagnosis. The time series analysis was performed using the Gretl statistical software 1.9.12 (GNU Regression, Econometric and Time-series Library). To verify the existence of the stationary distribution, the test of Dickey-Fuller was used, considering a value of p<0.05. During this period, 331 cases of BTB were diagnosed in the LRD. The present study identified that the predominant profile of the bovines affected by tuberculosis was female bovine aged more than two years old and crossbreed; the main organ sent for histopathological examination was lymph nodes. The microregion of Pelotas presented the highest incidence of the disease. There was also a tendency of a decrease in the incidence rate of this disease over the years, absence of seasonal influence in the occurrence of the disease and no cases of epidemics occurred from 2002 to 2015 in the area covered by the LRD-UFPel.
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ARGOLO, POLIANE SÁ, RENATA M. VITAL SANTOS, MARIA A. LEÃO BITTENCOURT, ALOYSÉIA C. DA SILVA NORONHA, GILBERTO J. DE MORAES, and ANIBAL RAMADAN OLIVEIRA. "Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil." Zootaxa 4258, no. 4 (May 1, 2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3.
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Twenty-four papers refer to phytoseiid mites from different plant species in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, but none of those refer to taxonomic surveys on ornamental plants. The aim of this study was to determine phytoseiids from tropical ornamentals in the southern coastal region of Bahia state, as well as to present a checklist and an identification key to the species recorded in that state. Samples were collected at eight localities of five municipalities. A total of seventeen species in nine genera was found on fifteen plant species of the families Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Musaceae and Zingiberaceae. The most frequent and abundant phytoseiid species were Iphiseiodes metapodalis (El-Banhawy), Amblyseius operculatus De Leon and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, respectively. The checklist and the identification key to the Phytoseiidae species of Bahia were prepared based on the published literature.
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Arsego, Diogo Alessandro, Simone Erotildes Teleginski Ferraz, Nereu Augusto Streck, Andrea De Oliveira Cardoso, and Alencar Junior Zanon. "Estudo do impacto de diferentes índices associados ao El Niño oscilação sul na produtividade de soja no Rio Grande do Sul." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 22, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x30684.
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The main factor associated with decreaes in soybean yield in Rio Grande do Sul is the irregular distribution of precipitation and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the major responsible for the precipitation variability. The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship between climatic indicators associated with ENSO and soybean yield in the State. Series of soybean yield from 87 municipalities were evaluated between 1984 and 2013. These series were ordered in three groups of similar behavior (high, medium and low yield). The mean profiles of these groups were correlated with indices for Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) with differents lags. SOI and MEI showed higher correlations with yield in periods of higher water requirement of the crop. El Niño episodes have beenassociated with increased yield and in situations of neutrality and La Niña, the influence of the phenomenon is less evident. In addition, the absence of a significant correlation in the time of preparation of the crop and in the beginning of the plantation evidences the necessity of including new indices in the discussions of agricultural planning in the State.
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Guimarães, Luciana Afonso, Rodrigo Alves Bezerra, Daniele de Santana Rocha, and George Rêgo Albuquerque. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep from Bahia state, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 22, no. 2 (June 2013): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612013000200041.
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In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence ofToxoplasma gondii antibodies and identify risk factors associated with this infection in sheep from the southern region of Bahia state. Between February and December 2010, 795 sheep from 31 farms located in nine municipalities were tested. We found seroprevalence of 30.2% (240/795), with titers of 64 (38.3%), 256 (34.2%), 1,024 (18.3%), and 4,096 (9.2%) by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Seropositive sheep were detected in all farms sampled. Univariate statistical analysis detected association between T. gondii seropositivity and the variables age, use of fresh food mainly, water source, stocking rate, production system, presence and number of cats on the farm, and transit of cats (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression model, transit of cats (p = 0.001), production system (p = 0.007), and age (p = 0.027) were identified as risk factors associated with T. gondiiinfection.
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Morano, Pierluigi, Francesco Tajani, and Marco Locurcio. "Land Use, Economic Welfare and Property Values." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2015100102.
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In the paper an analysis of functional correlations of property prices with the main locational and socio-economic variables, which generally contribute to define the market value of properties, has been developed. Locational characteristics are represented by the surfaces of soil used for the main functions, borrowing the logic of the system of classification of CORINE Land Cover (European Commission). The analysis has been contextualized to the 258 municipalities of the Apulia region (Southern Italy), and has been referred to two different moments (years 2006 and 2011), and two different market segments (residential and retail). The functional relationships between property prices and explanatory variables considered, estimated through a software that implements a genetic algorithm, are particularly interesting. The methodology outlined constitutes a valuable reference for the definition of models aimed at supporting, in a more rational and convenient way, public planning decisions and private investment choices.
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Silva, Claudeci Martins da, Danielle da Costa Rubim Messeder dos Santos, Ana Alice de Carli, and Vera Lúcia Teixeira. "The springs in the Barra Mansa Municipality and its uses: reflection for the development of environmental awareness and water governance." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): e119119435. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9435.
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Groundwater is an excellent alternative to meet public water supply demands, especially in the face of the water crisis and pollution of surface water bodies. Many municipalities throughout the national territory use water from springs for urban water supply. Barra Mansa, a city located in the southern Fluminense region, is an example of this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of three springs located in the city of Barra Mansa, in order to verify its water potential. The results obtained showed the water potential of the Municipality, revealing, however, the state of degradation and the risk of contamination of groundwater, imposing the need to develop measures to preserve, prevent and mitigate anthropic impacts on the water sources. In this way, the questions proposed here may contribute to a reflection about the exploration of the sources and the implications inherent to its use.
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Alfonzo, E. P. M., C. M. McManus, G. S. Campos, J. V. Portes, A. H. Padilha, V. Peripolli, and J. Braccini Neto. "Spatial distribution of Brazilian bovine taurine breeds associated with climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 3 (May 2021): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12206.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of purebred Bos taurus taurus bovine breeds raised in Brazil in association with climatic, physical and socioeconomic variables. The breeds Aberdeen Angus, Ayrshire, Braford, Brangus, Charolais, Devon, Flemish, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Shorthorn and Simental were classified according to their aptitude (milk, meat or dual-purpose). They were spatialized according to their aptitude using state and municipal information. The milk breeds were found in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, while the dual-purpose breeds were found in Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul states and the beef breeds were concentrated in the southern region. Only the Aberdeen Angus meat breed showed higher dispersion in other regions. Meat and dual-purpose breeds tended to be raised in regions with lower maximum temperature, average temperature, thermal amplitude and temperature-humidity index. Dual-purpose breeds were found in municipalities with high humidity and altitude, but with a low gross domestic product, little technical guidance received from cooperatives and the government, low control of diseases and parasites, as well as low use of pasture rotation systems. The spatial distribution of Brazilian bovine taurine breeds, regardless of aptitude, was related to climatic, physical and socioeconomic factors.
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Moreira, Andrios da Silva, Cristiane Telles Baptista, Carolina Litchina Brasil, Júlia de Souza Silveira Valente, Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn, and Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira. "Risk factors and infection due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 27, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120180012.
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Abstract This study investigated the frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. in feces from dogs and cats in five municipalities in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The risk factors associated with infection were also investigated. Feces samples from 110 dogs and 18 cats were stained using the auramine method. At the time of feces sampling, a questionnaire with semi-open-ended questions was applied to the animal guardians and all data obtained underwent statistical analysis. The real frequency of oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. was 24.63% (27 dogs and two cats). Only four samples of dog feces were diarrheic and no presence of oocysts was observed in any of them. Variables that represented risk factors for infection were: homemade food, untreated water, circulation of animals on grassy terrain and living in the same environment as other animals (cattle). The results made it possible to inferring that within the population studied, the frequency of parasitism due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs was relevant and emphasize the asymptomatic nature of this infection. The adopting control measures are highlighted, particularly in relation to variables that represent risk factors for this infection.
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Taques, Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro, Amanda Noeli Silva Campos, Mayara Lima Kavasaki, Sayanne Luns Hatum de Almeida, and Daniel Moura de Aguiar. "Geographic Distribution of Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes in Brazil." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040165.
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Tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) are major immunoreactive proteins of Ehrlichia canis, which have been used in the serological diagnosis of different genotypes of the microorganism. TRP19 is preserved among different E. canis isolates expressed on both reticulate and dense-core cells and observed in the extracellular matrix or associated with the morula membrane. TRP36 is differentially expressed only on the surface of the dense-core form of the bacterium and exhibits more divergence among isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the American (USTRP36), Brazilian (BrTRP36) and Costa Rican (CRTRP36) genotypes of E. canis in Brazil, using ELISA assays. Serum samples of 814 dogs from 49 municipalities from all over Brazil were analyzed. Our results showed that 34% of the samples were reactive to the USTRP36 genotype and 32.6% to the BrTRP36 genotype. The two genotypes appeared to occur equally throughout Brazil, although the frequency of seropositivity was lower in the south than in the country’s other regions. Dogs that reacted to at least one of the synthetic peptides (TRP19 and TRP36) were 456 (56%). A few dogs (n = 5; 0.61%) reactive to the E. canis TRP36 genotype (CRTRP36) were also detected in the northeast and southern regions. We concluded that the American and Brazilian genotypes of E. canis are distributed evenly in Brazil, especially in the tropical region, while the temperate region in the south presented the lowest prevalence rates. This study offers the first report of dogs seropositive for the Costa Rican genotype in Brazil.