Relevant bibliographies by topics / Southern regions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Southern regions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Southern regions"

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Gyulbudaghian, A. L. "New Southern Star-Formation Regions." Astrophysics 62, no. 3 (2019): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10511-019-09587-2.

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Winters, Harold A., and Harm J. de Blij. "Wine Regions of the Southern Hemisphere." Geographical Review 77, no. 1 (1987): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214694.

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Sabbatini, L., F. Cavaliere, G. Dall'Oglio, et al. "Millimetric observations of southern HII regions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 439, no. 2 (2005): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041615.

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Van Rooy, Jacques, and Abraham E. Van Wyk. "The bryofloristic regions of southern Africa." Journal of Bryology 32, no. 2 (2010): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037366810x12578498136039.

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Shahinyan, Arsen K. "The Southern Boundaries of the Southern Caucasus." Iran and the Caucasus 26, no. 4 (2022): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20220407.

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Fiddes, Sonya, Acacia Pepler, Kate Saunders, and Pandora Hope. "Redefining southern Australia’s climatic regions and seasons." Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science 71, no. 1 (2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/es20003.

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Climate scientists routinely rely on averaging over time or space to simplify complex information and to concisely communicate findings. Currently, no consistent definitions of ‘warm’ or ‘cool’ seasons for southern Australia exist, making comparisons across studies difficult. Similarly, numerous climate studies in Australia use either arbitrarily defined areas or the Natural Resource Management (NRM) clusters to perform spatial averaging. While the NRM regions were informed by temperature and rainfall information, they remain somewhat arbitrary. Here we use weather type influence on rainfall and clustering methods to quantitatively define climatic regions and seasons over southern Australia. Three methods are explored: k-means clustering and two agglomerative clustering methods, Ward linkage and average linkage. K-means was found to be preferred in temporal clustering, while the average linkage method was preferred for spatial clustering. For southern Australia as a whole, we define the cool season as April–September and warm season as October–March, though we note that a three-season split may provide more nuanced climate analysis. We also show that different regions across southern Australia experience different seasons and demonstrate the changing spatial influence of weather types with the seasons, which may aid regionally or seasonally specific climate analysis. Division of southern Australia into 15 climatic regions shows localised agreement with the NRM clusters where distinct differences in rainfall amounts exist. However, the climate regions defined here better represent the importance of topographical aspect on weather type influence and the inland extent of particular weather types. We suggest that the use of these regions would provide consistent climate analysis across studies if widely adopted. A key requirement for climate scientists is the simplification of data sets into both seasonally or regionally averaged subsets. This simplification, by grouping like regions or seasons, is done for a number of reasons both scientific and practical, including to help understand patterns of variability, underlying drivers and trends in climate and weather, to communicate large amounts of data concisely, to reduce the amount of data required for processing (which becomes increasingly important with higher resolution climate model output), or to more simply draw a physical boundary between regions for other purposes, such as flora and fauna habitat analysis, appropriate agricultural practices or water management.
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&NA;. "Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California Regions." American Journal of Nursing 96 (January 1996): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199601001-00131.

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Kaufman, S. "COCORP: Northwest Cordillera and Southern Appalachian regions." GEOPHYSICS 52, no. 7 (1987): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442354.

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The Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) announces the availability of seismic reflection data sheets, map sheets, and digital tapes for two regions: (1) the Northwest Cordillera area covering 532 line‐km consisting of Washington lines 1–5, 7, 8; Idaho lines 1, 2; and Montana lines 1, 2; and (2) the Southern Appalachian area covering 1073 line‐km consisting of Florida lines 1, 2, 4; and Georgia lines 10–21, 24. The COCORP operation is part of the U.S. Geodynamics Program sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and funded by the National Science Foundation. The executive group of the consortium consists of representatives from Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Princeton University, Rice University, and the University of Wisconsin. Cornell University is the operating institution.
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Comerón, Fernando. "Brown Dwarfs in Southern Star Forming Regions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 211 (2003): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900210255.

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Most of the star forming regions within 200 pc from the Sun are located South of the celestial equator. Brown dwarfs or strong candidates have been discovered in all of them, and have been often studied at multiple wavelengths. This paper summarizes some highlights of the research on young brown dwarfs in these regions.
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Bekmurodov, Abdujabbor Sattorovich, and Masuma Umarovna Raxmatova. "Parasitic Phytonematodes Of Pomegranate Agrocenosis Of Southern Regions Of Uzbekistan." American Journal of Applied Sciences 02, no. 10 (2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue10-05.

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The article provides data on the fauna and distribution of parasitic phytonematodes of pomegranate agrocenoses in the southern regions of Uzbekistan. The study revealed 30 parasitic species (22 ectoparasitic and 8 endoparasitic) of phytonematodes belonging to 2 orders, 8 families and 12 genera. It is defined that around root soil and root system of pomegranate plant are met such species as Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. erythrinae, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Mеloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and Ditylenchus dipsaci.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Southern regions"

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Freeman, Christopher John. "Are chemical defenses allocated within sponges to defend regions most at risk to predator attack?" Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2007/christopher_j_freeman/Freeman_Christopher_J_200701_MS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007.<br>"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Under the direction of Daniel F. Gleason. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83) and appendices.
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Cho, Myung-Rae. "Regional differentiation in a state-initiated process of capital accumulation : the case of two southern regions of South Korea." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240552.

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RANDAZZO, Paolo. "Earth Degassing in Tectonically Active Regions: New Evidences from Southern Italy and the Balkans." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/554914.

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Tondl, Gabriele. "What determined the uneven growth of Europe's southern regions? An empirical study with panel data." Forschungsinstitut für Europafragen, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/922/1/document.pdf.

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Since 1975, the extent of catching-up has been very different across Southern regions. Starting from the common arguments of growth theory, the paper wishes to show whether differences in regional income and growth can be attributed to different endowment in human capital, differences in private or public investment level, to structural imbalances, and labour force participation. The investigated panel consists of regional time series for the period 1975 to 1994 and includes NUTS II level regions of Greece, Spain, and the Italian South. Estimation of the impact of the variables on regional income is effected in a dynamic panel data model applying a GMM estimation procedure. The results indicate that the income level of Southern EU regions is largely determined by employment/educational levels and past public investment, while the impact of private investment is not significant. One may follow that EU regional policies should predominately focus on the human factor. Assistance to member countries to upgrade public infra-structures may be continued, but private investment incentives should be curbed. (author's abstract)<br>Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Laskowski, Andrew Keith, and Andrew Keith Laskowski. "Tectonic Evolution of the Yarlung Suture Zone, Lopu Range and Lazi Regions, Central Southern Tibet." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623178.

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The Yarlung (India-Asia) suture zone in southern Tibet records Middle Jurassic—Late Cretaceous development of the Lhasa terrane (Eurasian) convergent margin and subsequent India-Asia collision beginning in Paleocene time. This dissertation reports data from field-based geologic investigation of the Yarlung suture zone in the Lopu Range and Lazi Regions, ~600 and ~300 km west of the city of Lhasa, respectively. Field data were combined with new geochronology (detrital and igneous zircon U-Pb, garnet Lu-Hf), thermochronology (white mica Ar-Ar and zircon U-Th/He), and metamorphic petrology data to develop a tectonic model involving multiple episodes of shallow underthrusting, rollback, and breakoff of both oceanic and continental lithosphere. Switches between extensional and contractional deformation along the Yarlung suture zone appear to be controlled by changes in subduction dynamics. If this tectonic model is representative, then the tectonic process of inter-continental collision is responsible for much larger magnitudes of crustal recycling that previously thought. A hornblende-plagioclase-epidote paragneiss block in ophiolitic mélange, deposited during Middle Jurassic time, records Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous subduction initiation along the Eurasian margin followed by Early Cretaceous forearc extension. Detrital zircons from Xigaze forearc basin strata deposited unconformably atop ophiolitic mélange produced a maximum depositional age of 97 ± 1 Ma, providing a minimum age for establishment of an arc-forearc-trench convergent margin along the southern Lhasa terrane. Metasedimentary rocks that were originally deposited along the Indian passive margin were subducted beneath the Lhasa terrane to upper-mantle depths, reaching high-pressure (HP), low-temperature conditions (≥1.4 GPa at T≤600 °C). Garnet Lu-Hf geochronology indicates that prograde metamorphism of the Indian metasedimentary rocks was ongoing at 40.4 ± 1.4 Ma while white mica Ar-Ar thermochronology indicates exhumation to mid-crustal depths between 39-34 Ma. Gangdese arc magmatism persisted after the onset of India-Asia collision, producing plutons that intruded sedimentary-matrix mélange of the southern Lhasa terrane subduction-accretion complex between 49-37 Ma. These data suggest steep subduction or southward trench retreat immediately prior to shutdown of arc magmatism along the Yarlung suture zone (37 Ma), shortly after the onset of high-pressure rock exhumation. We interpret that these data record a Paleocene—Eocene episode of southward rollback, breakoff, and underthrusting. During Oligocene—Miocene time, nonmarine strata were deposited along the Yarlung suture zone immediately prior to shortening across a system of out-of-sequence, top-north reverse faults. Based on our data and previous work, we interpret that sedimentation was driven by a second episode of rollback and breakoff of Indian continental lithosphere, whereas subsequent contractional deformation was driven by renewed shallow subduction. Compilation of regional thermochronological data and interpretation of seismic reflection data from previous investigations suggests that the top-north reverse faults comprise a foreland-dipping passive roof duplex above the leading edge of a structurally deeper, hinterland-dipping duplex beneath the southern Lhasa terrane. The Yarlung suture zone switched from north-south contraction to east-west extension by ~16 Ma based on a crosscutting relationship between a leucogranitic dike and a normal fault related to a larger horst structure in the Lopu Range region. Tectonic exhumation in the footwall block of the horst drove cooling through zircon (U-Th)/He closure temperature (~180 °C) between 12-6 Ma.
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Beauregard, Susan L. "Dendrochemistry and growth of three hardwoods in three geological regions of southern Quebec from 1940-1999." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100764.

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This thesis used novel methodologies in dendrochemistry to observe past nutrient and Al change in relation to incremental stem xylem growth to predict current and future forest health. The methods included (1) sequential digestion of wood tissue to remove the elemental fraction that is mobile across tree rings leaving the structurally intrinsic, residual (or less mobile) ion fraction for analysis and (2) transformation of elemental concentrations into multivariate ratios (compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND)) over a time series. Sampling of trees represented a gradient in acidity resilience using three regions of southern Quebec (St. Lawrence Lowlands; Lower Laurentians; and Appalachian Highlands) and three species (red maple ( Acer rubrum L.); sugar maple (Acer sacharum Marsh.); and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). The elemental residual fraction had differences from the mobile fraction over time for Ca, Mg and Mn, but not for K or Al. The base rich Saint-Lawrence region had the highest and slightly increasing incremental stem xylem Al of the regions yet had stable or increasing growth. By contrast the acid sensitive Appalachian region had the greatest increase in Al accompanied by a decrease in growth beyond 1970. The Appalachians also had the highest Mn, which had an adverse effect on growth of sugar maple. The acid-resilient species American beech had stable or decreasing Al while having stable or increasing growth in contrast to the less resilient sugar and red maple. The nutrient poor Laurentian region had a persistent deficiency of K over time but no relationships with Al. Aluminium had a general negative correlation with the other canons. Although Mn had the highest levels in red maple for each region, it appears to be limiting growth. The changes in wood chemistry and growth over time appear to be driven by the resilience of the region or species to increasing acidic load in the ecosystems.
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Ikediashi, Charles Isioma. "Population level variation of Atlantic salmon in the chalk streams of southern England and neighbouring regions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22074.

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In this thesis, population level variation is elucidated for Atlantic salmon living in the chalk streams of southern England – a unique and unusual habitat – as well as in immediately surrounding regions. Salmon in these chalk streams have yet to be robustly investigated, despite individual populations standing out from neighbouring populations in several previous studies. This thesis attempts to identify how different they are and the reasons for it. Then, this thesis also investigates the effect of this distinction on their internal population structure, as well as the current and future trajectory. A panel of microsatellite markers from the SALSEA-merge project were used to complete four studies of population structure in Atlantic salmon. In the first study, which served primarily, as a training exercise, a multi-national baseline was used to identify the origins of salmon recolonising the river Mersey in northwest England. Fish entering the Mersey originated from multiple sources, with the greatest proportion (45–60%) assigning to rivers in the geographical region just north of the Mersey, including Northwest England and the Solway Firth. The number of fish originating from proximal rivers to the west of the Mersey was lower than expected. The results suggested that the recolonisers were straying in accordance with the predominantly clockwise gyre present in the eastern Irish Sea. In the second study, the relationship of salmon in the chalk streams of southern England to salmon outside this region was elucidated. Salmon from all five chalk streams in southern England with major salmon populations were found to all be genetically distinct from these neighbours and statistically less genetically diverse than salmon in southwest England and France. The reasons for this were relatively low immigration and a history of low effective population size. In the third study, the extent of population structure of salmon between the chalk streams and within one chalk stream, the river Frome, was explored. The results suggested these salmon were divided into three groups, i.e. 1) the Frome & Piddle, 2) the Avon and 3) the Test & Itchen. A significant pattern of isolation by distance between salmon in these five rivers was also identified. Historic samples from the Avon were assigned to the contemporary three groups. Surprisingly, most of these fish assigned to the Frome and Piddle group. Within the river Frome, further sub-structure was identified over two separate years of sampling. Salmon from 2009 comprised three genetic groups, and salmon in 2011 comprised just two. In the fourth study, historic scale samples were used to assess the current trajectory of genetic diversity and effective population size of salmon populations across Scotland, England, Wales and France. The majority of samples greater than 30 years old proved ineffective using the SALSEA panel. However, data was compiled from samples from eight rivers ranging from the Tweed in Scotland to the Scorff in France and from 1972 to 2012. Contrary to our hypothesis, most populations showed increases in allelic richness. Populations from one chalk stream show the steepest temporal decline in genetic diversity, which we speculate is partly due to the low immigration into the region. Effective population size proved difficult to determine using a number of methods and no robust pattern was identified. Together these studies indicate that low immigration of salmon into the chalk streams appears to be key to their low genetic diversity and genetic distinction. Low immigration may also have enabled marked within-river population structure and the current negative trajectory of genetic diversity. The implications for general understanding of Atlantic salmon population structure across their range, and for the conservation of this species are discussed.
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Amssalu, Argaw Bezabeh. "Multivariate morphometric analysis and behaviour of honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.) in the southern regions of Ethiopia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003130.

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Morphometric and behavioural characteristics of honeybees, Apis mellifera were analysed using multivariate and bivariate statistical methods to characterise honeybees of southern Ethiopian region. A total of 33800 morphometric character measurements were taken from 2600 individual worker honeybees of 130 honeybee colonies collected at 26 sampling localities with an average inter-locality distance of 89km to determine the occurrence of morphoclusters. 117 experienced farmer beekeepers and beekeeping experts were interviewed on pre-tested questionnaire to investigate the behavioural characteristics of these honeybees in their respective areas. Morphometric characters associated with pigmentation and body size exhibited a higher discriminant power while forewing venation angles (B4, N23 and 026) lack discriminatory power to segregate honeybees in the southern Ethiopian region. Principal components and discriminant analyses using the most discriminatory morphological characters delineated four statistically distinct morphoclusters in the southern Ethiopian region: the smallest and yellow honeybees, A. m. woyi-gambella which are different from all African honeybees, occur in the western and southern lowlands; the small and yellowiest honeybees, Apis mellifera jemenitica in the eastern escarpment; the largest and darkest honeybees, Apis mellifera bandasii in the central and eastern highlands; and dark honeybees, Apis mellifera scutellata in the wet tropical forests. High intracolonial and intercolonial variances within and between the boundaries of the honeybee groups were detected. The former suggests areas of ecological instability, while the latter areas of transitional or natural hybridisation zones. These areas are characterised by transitional ecological zones having intermediate climate and physiography. Even though honeybees of the southern Ethiopian region are generally dark and small, they show a high tendency to reproductive swarming, migration and aggressiveness, great variation in pigmentation, size and behaviour were observed both within and between the groups. A. m. jemenitica honeybees have a high propensity to migration and less a tendency for reproductive swarming. A. m. bandasii and A. m. scutellata have a high inclination to reproductive swarming and the former has a lesser and the later intermediate propensity to migration. A. m. woyi-gambella honeybees have intermediate swarming and migration tendencies. These results revealed that reproductive swarming and migration are higher in resource-rich and resource-poor areas respectively. Honey plants of the central highlands of Ethiopia are predominantly herbaceous in nature and mainly grow on open and cultivated lands. The bulk of pollen collected came comparatively from few genera. Strong correlation was observed between the intensities of flowering and rainfall. Reproductive swarming and migration occur during high and low intensity of flowering respectively.
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SORRENTI, ANTONINO. "THE POLITICS OF CHILDCARE IN SOUTHERN EUROPE: DIFFERENT TRENDS AND OUTCOMES IN ITALIAN AND SPANISH REGIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/735156.

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Italy and Spain have been traditionally characterized by underdeveloped childcare and persistent familism in the provision of care (Ferrera 1996, 2005a). However, in the last two decades, childcare has undergone an expansionary as well as divergent trajectory in Italy and Spain. An high childcare expansion coincided with the increase of public delivery and level of inclusiveness in Spain. By contrast, childcare expansion in Italy was moderate, driven by private sector and less inclusive than in Spain. Therefore, childcare policy change in both countries has varied along three analytical dimensions: the extent of expansion, the way childcare is delivered and the level of inclusiveness. The latter – if combined with the delivery of high quality service - is particularly relevant to achieve effective social investment aims on childcare reforms (Bonoli 2017; West et. al. 2019). In both countries regional governments hold key competences on the three dimensions of change (expansion, delivery and social investment). Due to a decentralized policy setting, Italian and Spanish regions distribute financial resources to the lower level of childcare implementation. Against this backdrop, we develop an empirical analysis of regional childcare trajectory in order to understand the determinants of Italian and Spanish divergence on childcare expansion, delivery and social investment. Trough an in-depth reconstruction of policy-making processes in four regional cases – Andalusia, Rioja, Tuscany and Piedmont - we show that government colours and political competition dynamics still matter for childcare expansion. Also, political competition dynamics – rather than government colour – turn to be relevant to explain the shift from a social assistance to a social investment approach on childcare. Finally, political exchange dynamics between service providers, interested to expand their childcare supply, and governments looking for political support and sharing responsibilities on childcare policy, are crucial to explain changes on childcare delivery.
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Mathys, Reagan. "The COMESA, EAC and SADC Tri-partite Free Trade Agreement: Prospects and Challenges for the Regions and Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7803_1373463174.

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<p>The tri-partite initiative in and for Africa has been accompanied by high levels of optimism since its political endorsement in 2008. It provides for an opportunity to resolve a host of problems with regards to regional integration in Eastern and Southern Africa. The overall aim of this study is to explore the prospects and challenges towards realising the Tri-partite Free Trade Area&nbsp<br>(T-FTA) in and for Africa. This study is pragmatic and implicitly seeks to uncover how the T-FTA could contribute to the African Regional Integration Project (ARIP), given the challenges that&nbsp<br>regional integration face in Africa. Regional integration has a long and rich history in Africa, which started at thehave been weak since the start and persist in its superficial nature with littledevelopmental impact. The reasons for the lack of meaningful integration in Africa are wide-ranging and span national, regional and system level analytical viewpoints. They encompass&nbsp<br>areas such as developmental levels, political will, respect for regional architecture, overlapping membership and the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). These factors impact on the&nbsp<br>integration process in Africa and explain in varied ways why there has been little comprehensive economic integration. The starting point was to define the complex concept of regional integration. The dominant factors that define and affect regional integration in this study are that it is a state-based exercise, driven by economic integration, and influenced by the global political economy of the day. It was determined that Africa has adapted its regional integration strategies according to the shifts and influences in the global political economy on states,&nbsp<br>emanating from the post WWII period to the present day. The mpact of the global economy on Africa since independence was great and is viewed impact on the integration process. Regional integration is essentially a state to state&nbsp<br>pursuit for integration. Essentially, regional integration is being pursued by states that are still struggling to consolidate statehood, and this leaves little space to move towards a regional approach. However, given the dynamics of a globalised world, regional integration as a strategy is no longer questioned in Africa and is an important component of its developmental agenda. Clarifying the T-FTA was important, and this was done in order to highlight what the tri-partite initiative is and is not. This provided for an opportunity to&nbsp<br>investigate what the dominant areas are that have informed the emergence of the tri-partite process. The former was found to be largely economic in nature, focusing on harmonising the trade&nbsp<br>regimes of COMESA, EAC and SADC as a primary motivation. The tri-partite initiative will facilitate and encourage the harmonisation of trade regimes by stressing market integration,&nbsp<br>infrastructure development and industrialisation, coupled by a developmental approach. This is promising, as the tri-partite initiative seeks to simultaneously deal with many issues that have&nbsp<br>been commonly associated with the problems that regional integration face in Africa. When viewing the negotiating context, as well as the principles upon which it is to be based, indicate though, that Africa still favours individual state interest that will be hard to reconcile given that the tri-partite region currently has 26 participant states. In terms of economic integration, the T-FTA&nbsp<br>seeks to put new generation trade issues on the agenda by including services, movement of persons as well as trade facilitation, all of which have been found to be important in realising a&nbsp<br>trade in goods agenda that is the focus of regional integration in Africa. Analysing the grassroots realities of the market integration pillar offered some valuable insights towards the purposes&nbsp<br>of this study. The market integration pillar is inundated with challenges, with Rules of Origin (RoO) being the primary challenge towards consolidating the trade in goods agenda on a tri-partite&nbsp<br>level. New generation trade issues are going to be equally difficult to realise, given that they have no implementation record in the individual Regional Economic Communities (RECs). Promising though is that trade facilitation has already seen positive results by resolving non tariff barriers in the regions.Infrastructure development is equally challenging, although it provides&nbsp<br>a significant opportunity to create better connectivity (physical integration) between states. In lot of pan-African goals that directly feed into initiatives of the African Union (AU) pillar has not as yet created any concrete tri-partite plans, so it remains to be seen what can be achieved. Ideally, industrialisation is viewed as the pillar that will solve the supply-side constraints of African&nbsp<br>economies hence, strengthening the trade in goods agenda in the regions. Even though the T-FTA has practical challenges to implementation, there are at least two underlying factors that&nbsp<br>indirectly affect the prospects of realising the tripartite initiative. The EPAs are an emergent threat in that they run parallel to tripartite negotiations<br>and respect for a rules based integration process, are issues that warrant consideration. Fundamentally, in order to achieve a successful T-FTA will require a shift in the way business is done in African integration. African states need&nbsp<br>to realise that their national interests are best served through cooperation, in meaningful ways. Inevitably this requires good faith as well as ceding some sovereignty towards regional goals. Thus, there is a risk that the T-FTA not realised. The fundamentals of political will, economic polarisation and instability have to be resolved. This will lay an appropriate foundation for the&nbsp<br>tripartite initiative to be sustainable, with developmental impact. </p>
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Books on the topic "Southern regions"

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Khare, Neloy. Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203742.

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Showker, Kay. Caribbean ports of call: Eastern and southern regions. 6th ed. Insiders' Guide, 2006.

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Anne, Hammerstad, ed. People, states and regions: Building security in Southern Africa. SAIIA, 2005.

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Kellogg, Karl S. Structural geology and tectonics of the Orville Coast region, southern Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. U.S. G.P.O., for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Denver, Color., 1989.

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Kellogg, Karl S. Structural geology and tectonics of the Orville Coast region, southern Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Maiseli, N. G. Livestock diseases and diagnosis in the southern highlands regions of Tanzania. Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Research & Training, 1992.

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Canada. Natural Resources Canada. Geological Survey. Geology and paleontology of the Southeast Arctic Platform and Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada., 2000.

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Bernacchi, Louis Charles. To the south polar regions: Expedition of 1898-1900. Bluntisham Books, 1991.

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Dale, Nancy. Flowering plants: The Santa Monica Mountains, coastal & chaparral regions of Southern California. Borgo Press, 1989.

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Put, M. Semi-arid Indian agriculture: Land, water, and crop management in Southern India. Royal Tropical Institute, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Southern regions"

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Peters, W. L., J. R. Forster, F. F. Gardner, J. B. Whiteoak, and T. B. H. Kuiper. "A Southern Hemisphere Ammonia Survey." In Star Forming Regions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_14.

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Arvanitidis, Paschalis A., George Petrakos, and Dimitrios Skouras. "Immigrant Location Patterns in a Southern European Metropolis: The Case of Athens." In Metropolitan Regions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32141-2_20.

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Ichikawa, T., M. Nakano, and Y. D. Tanaka. "Star Formation in the Southern Spiral Arm of M31." In Star Forming Regions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4782-5_180.

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Ehrenfreund, P., E. F. van Dishoeck, M. Burgdorf, et al. "Evolution of Southern Star-Forming Regions." In Astrophysics and Space Science. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5076-7_12.

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Martini, J. "Hypogene Karst in Southern Africa." In Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_59.

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Vaz, Eric, and Teresa de Noronha. "Behavioral Patterns of Innovation in Lagging Regions of Southern Europe." In Sustainable Development in Southern Europe. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62177-6_5.

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Hose, Louise D., and Laura Rosales-Lagarde. "Sulfur-Rich Caves of Southern Tabasco, Mexico." In Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_54.

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Robbe, Ksenia. "Remembering the Violence of (De)colonization in Southern Africa: From Witnessing to Activist Genealogies in Literature and Film." In Regions of Memory. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93705-8_8.

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Sonbawne, S. M., P. C. S. Devara, P. R. C. Rahul, and K. K. Dani. "Transient Variations in En Route Southern Indian Ocean Aerosols, Antarctic Ozone Climate, and Its Relationship with HOx and NOx." In Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203742-5.

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Luis, Alvarinho J. "Antarctic Decadal Sea-Ice Variability." In Climate Variability of Southern High Latitude Regions. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003203742-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Southern regions"

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Shiney, Arumai, Keerthana S, Harini A, and Jonah S. "Carbon Storage and Sequestration Potential of Aboveground Biomass of Neem Trees in Southern Regions of Chennai." In 2024 International Conference on Smart Technologies for Sustainable Development Goals (ICSTSDG). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icstsdg61998.2024.11026238.

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Sharifov, Bohirjon, Svetlana Beryozkina, Anvari Ghulomzoda, Murodbek Safaraliev, and Sidikov Sidikov. "EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES BASED ON CLIMATIC ZONES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s17.09.

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Currently, solar energy is one of the most widely used types of green energy in the world. In different parts of the earth, solar insolation is not constant. Therefore, this study aims to determine the main characteristics of solar insolation in the different climatic zones. This paper analyzes the prospects for using solar energy in subtropical, temperate-continental, continental, sharp-continental, and monsoon climate zones. The efficiency of converting solar radiation into electrical energy is estimated considering seven regions located in these climatic zones. The analysis is based on the results of an annual study of a test photovoltaic station installed at the Ufa State Aviation Technical University. Based on the analysis results, temperature characteristics, solar insolation, solar energy conversion efficiency, and specific electricity generation were obtained for each region. The study found that the efficiency of solar energy conversion of photovoltaic modules in climatic zones ranges from 60% to 85% of the nominal value. The average value of solar radiation in the remote northern regions is 810 kWh/m2, in the southern regions it is in the range of 1350-1400 kWh/m2. The technical potential of using solar energy is very high, the most favorable are the subtropical and continental climate zones.
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Lutsenko, Ekaterina. "Sociological Analysis Of Demographic Situation In Southern Regions." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.269.

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DA SILVA, Renan Rodrigues Moreira, Cristiane de Souza Siqueira PEREIRA, and Hamilton Moss DE SOUZA. "THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY IN THE TRANSITION TO RENEWABLE SOURCES." In Second Southern Science Conference - 2024. Araucária - Associação Científica, 2024. https://doi.org/10.48141/sscon_19_2024.pdf.

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The Brazilian energy matrix is predominantly from renewable sources, with hydropower being the most prominent, which comes from water resources. In this context, among renewable energy sources, photovoltaic energy has shown considerable expansion in the Brazilian energy matrix. Thus, this article aims to analyze the energy transition and investments made in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil. To this end, the methodology used was a literature review. The results demonstrate that the Northeast region has presented various state incentives for the installation of solar panels, as these states have the highest solar potential in the country. However, the greatest potential for solar energy installation is in the Brazilian Southeast region, with states such as São Paulo and Minas Gerais standing out in the national ranking.
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Mitrović, Đorđe, Emilija Manić, and Slobodan Ivanović. "BUSINESS CONDITIONS REGIONAL ANALYSIS WITH A REFERENCE TO POTENTIALS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF SERBIA." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.33.

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Purpose – Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world, and many developing countries saw it as the chance of economic development accelerating. However, tourism potential is different among countries as well as within one country. The scope of this paper is to reveal the regional differences in business conditions considering tourism development in Serbia. Methodology – Instead of using a wide number of different individual indicators measuring regions’ tourism performances, it is more appropriate to use one composite indicator for depicting complex issues in regional tourism development - a composite index was developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. Data Envelopment Analysis is a sort of methodology that constructs an ‘efficiency frontier’ based on each region’s individual data using mathematical linear programming. It determines the best practice by measuring the relative position of each of the regions in terms of the value of the set of observed indicators. Such presentation of the existing region’s development in the tourism field and recommendations for possible improvement are clearer to the general public and non-scientific audience. The composite index is calculated as the weighted sum of the corresponding individual indicators, where the weights are endogenously determined by mathematical linear programming to obtain the maximum possible value. Findings – The results of DEA showed which parts of Serbia have the best business conditions for tourism development, considering the different factors (regional development index and subindexes). The results have been contrasted to chosen tourism statistics on the regional level, with a reference to the limitations during the research process. The proposed composite index is used to point the differences in regional business conditions which could be further influenced by government policies to tackle the specificities and needs of each separate region during tourism development. Contribution – DEA is a known methodology in regional development analysis, but it hasn’t been so much used in business conditions regional analysis before. Having different indicators which shaped business climate within one region, using DEA one tried to analyze the entrepreneurship possibilities with a spatial reference to the tourism development. This is an important contribution in the context of local economic and social development especially within poorly developed regions in Serbia
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Bataineh, Mohammad, David McNiel, John Choi, John Hessburg, and Joseph Francis. "Pilot Study for Grip Force Prediction Using Neural Signals from Different Brain Regions." In 2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbec.2016.12.

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Shakarboev, E. B., J. E. Zhumamuratov, and G. A. Khosilova. "ASSOCIATIVE TREMATODIASIS OF CATTLE IN NORTH-WESTERN AND SOUTHERN UZBEKISTAN." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.526-531.

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The purpose of this work is to study the spread and species composition of pathogens&#x0D; of trematode infections among cattle in North-Western and Southern Uzbekistan.&#x0D; The studies were carried out on the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan,&#x0D; Khorezm and Kashkadarya Regions in 2020–2023. Helminthological material was&#x0D; collected in all seasons of the year. In total, 364 heads of cattle were examined by&#x0D; complete and partial helminthological dissections. As a result of the studies carried&#x0D; out in the northwestern and southern regions of Uzbekistan, 9 trematode species&#x0D; belonging to 7 genera, 5 families and 4 orders of the class Trematoda were recorded.&#x0D; In the northwestern region, 175 heads of cattle (65.3%) out of 268 examined animals&#x0D; were infected with certain trematode species. Of those infected, 124 had associative&#x0D; invasions, and 51 had monoinvasions. In the southern regions, 41 animals (43.2%)&#x0D; out of 96 examined animals were infected with trematodes. Of the infected animals,&#x0D; 27 (65.8%) were infected with mixed trematode infections, and 14 (34.1%), with&#x0D; monoinvasions. Of 9 trematode species under consideration with natural and&#x0D; synanthropic focality, Schistosoma, Fasciola, and Dicrocelium were recorded.
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Belov, V. S., M. Yu Nesterenko, and E. R. Galeeva. "Impact of Blasting on the Occurrence of Technogenic-Tectonic Earthquakes in the Southern Ural." In Ecological and economic security of regions. Institute of Economics of the Ural branch of RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/eebr-2023-4.

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The study identified problems associated with seismic processes occurring on the territory of the Southern Ural. Peculiarities of the structure of the Earth’s crust in the Eastern Orenburg region were briefly analyzed. The seismic activity of the studied area was assessed. The analysis revealed possible causes of seismic events. The influence of man-made impacts on the geodynamic activity of the upper part of the Earth’s crust of the studied territory was described. Based on the research, the most active tectonic structures of the Eastern Orenburg region were identified for further study of geodynamic processes in order to prevent their negative impact.
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Miccoli, Stefano, and Andrea Frangi. "Climatic advantages of the spread of timber constructions in peripheral regions - the case of southern Switzerland." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1863.

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&lt;p&gt;The aim of this paper is to investigate the methods available for encouraging the spread of timber constructions in small, peripheral regions such as southern Switzerland. Since 2005, Switzerland has witnessed a major increase in the number of timber constructions, mainly due to the new fire prevention regulations and to the climate and energy goals that the country wants to meet in the near future. This growth has been less significant in southern Switzerland. Data given by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) shows the climatic advantages of the spread of timber constructions. Therefore, the opportunities for increasing the growth of such constructions in southern Switzerland have been researched. In order to identify and take advantage of the unique features of the use of wood in this region, two recent timber buildings, the Nordic Ski Centre by Durisch &amp;amp; Nolli, and the House in Ludiano by Tocchetti &amp;amp; Pessina, are analyzed and presented in this paper. The case of southern Switzerland can be a model for the spread of timber constructions in other similar regions.&lt;/p&gt;
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Miccoli, Stefano, and Andrea Frangi. "Climatic advantages of the spread of timber constructions in peripheral regions - the case of southern Switzerland." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1863.

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&lt;p&gt;The aim of this paper is to investigate the methods available for encouraging the spread of timber constructions in small, peripheral regions such as southern Switzerland. Since 2005, Switzerland has witnessed a major increase in the number of timber constructions, mainly due to the new fire prevention regulations and to the climate and energy goals that the country wants to meet in the near future. This growth has been less significant in southern Switzerland. Data given by the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) shows the climatic advantages of the spread of timber constructions. Therefore, the opportunities for increasing the growth of such constructions in southern Switzerland have been researched. In order to identify and take advantage of the unique features of the use of wood in this region, two recent timber buildings, the Nordic Ski Centre by Durisch &amp;amp; Nolli, and the House in Ludiano by Tocchetti &amp;amp; Pessina, are analyzed and presented in this paper. The case of southern Switzerland can be a model for the spread of timber constructions in other similar regions.&lt;/p&gt;
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Reports on the topic "Southern regions"

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Suominen, Kati, Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, Virginia Queijo Von Heideken, and Ana Inés Basco. Promoting Cross-border E-Commerce in the Southern Cone. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005495.

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E-commerce has boomed around the world, creating new opportunities for firms in the Southern Cone region to reach new customers, diversify their export markets, and grow their sales. E-commerce adoption is also boosting the regions logistics, payments, and financial services providers that service online sellers. Regional governments have also worked to promote e-commerce. This report takes stock of the state of e-commerce in the Southern Cone, leveraging data on e-commerce adoption and transactions; a survey of how firms in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay are using e-commerce and what challenges they face to growing their online sales; and policy data on the regional governments adoption of policies conducive to e-commerce. The report also offers policy recommendations for the region to support firms in growing their cross-border online sales.
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Mascarúa Lara, Miguel A. Heterogeneous recessions and expansions in Mexican regions and sectors. Banco de Mexico, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36095/banxico/di.2024.13.

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This study uses a Markov regime-switching model with time-varying means to identify subnational, sectoral, and national economic phases. The model replicates the official business cycle dates in Mexico and quantifies the contributions of states, regions, and sectors to the national recession probability. The findings show that the southern region contributes differently to the national recession probability than the other regions, even increasing it during expansionary periods at the national level. Additionally, the manufacturing sector is found to account for up to half of the national recession probability.
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Asenjo, Rafael. Regional Dialogue on the Environment: Based on the Results of the Executive Profiles of Environmental Management for the Mesoamerican, Caribbean, Andean and Southern Cone Subregions. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006688.

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This document was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the I Hemispheric Meeting, celebrated on April 4th and 5th, 2002. Objectives of the Environmental Management Executive Profiles. To identify and characterize the main environmental problems of the countries in the sub-region. To describe the main achievements in environmental management in the countries. To identify the main challenges and priorities to strengthen environmental management capacities in the countries. Sub-regions Mesoamerican Sub-region (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama) Caribbean Sub-region (Bahamas, Barbados, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad &amp; Tobago) Andean Sub-region (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela) Southern Cone Sub-region (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) Methodology Organized an initial work meeting at IDB headquarters to define a guideline questionnaire to prepare the profiles for each sub-region. Bibliographic review of the environmental background available on the countries (publications, environmental institution websites, studies and documents available at the IDB) Interviews with Dialogue participants, environmental authorities and IDB representatives in the various countries. Focusing on key aspects for the sub-regions including common visions for the countries regarding work objectives as well as specific relevant aspects in the countries individually. Systematization of the information and preparation of profiles for each of the four sub-regions.
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Rice, J., R. C. Paulen, M. Ross, M. B. McClenaghan, and H. E. Campbell. Quaternary geology of the southern Core Zone area, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331426.

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The complex glacial geomorphology of east-central Quebec and western Labrador has resulted in conflicting ice-sheet reconstructions, leaving many questions regarding the behaviour of large ice sheets within their inner regions. Specifically, the ice-flow chronology and subglacial conditions remainpoorly constrained. To address this, surficial geology investigations were conducted across the border of Quebec and Labrador. A complex glacial history consisting of five ice-flow phases influenced by regional ice-stream dynamics was identified, including a near-complete ice-flow reversal. During each ice-flow phase, the subglacial thermal conditions fluctuated both spatially and temporally, resulting in palimpsest glacial dispersal patterns. Deglacial ages from samples collected as part of this research confirm deglaciation occurred relatively rapidly around 8 ka. The results of this work lead to a better understanding of the glacial history of an inner region of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and have important implications for mineral exploration in the southern Core Zone area.
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Mathur, Shishir, and Christopher Ferrell. Are California’s Local Jurisdictions Disproportionately Directing Growth Toward Existing Disadvantaged Communities? Evidence from the Southern California and San Francisco Bay Area Regions. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2235.

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Communities across the United States are striving to promote smart urban growth through compact urban infill residential development. They are doing so to mitigate sprawl's negative fiscal, environmental, social, and physical impacts, strengthen land use-housing-transportation linkages, and develop at densities needed for well-functioning public transit. Some states, such as California, have gone a step further by linking compact urban infill development as critical to meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. Anecdotal evidence suggests some California local jurisdictions are planning disproportionately large amounts of new urban development in disadvantaged communities (DACs). However, empirical evidence is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap. Using the two most populated regions of the state—the San Francisco Bay Area (S.F. Bay Area) and Southern California (SoCal)—as case studies, this research finds that the new housing is disproportionately planned in DACs in both the case study regions. Specifically, of the areas earmarked for future growth, close to a quarter (22%) are disadvantaged in the S.F. Bay Area region and close to half (48%) in the SoCal region. Meanwhile, the total area of the region that is disadvantaged is only 14% and 26%, respectively. These findings are critical for equity implications in policy and planning in these areas and beyond.
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Yang, Jung-ha, and Jeong-Ju Yoo. Fashion Students' Willingness to Become Entrepreneurs: Comparison between Students in the Appalachian and the Southern Regions of U.S. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1848.

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Neyer, Daniel, Manuel Ostheimer, Jan W. Bleyl, et al. Technical and Economic Benchmarking for Solar Cooling Plants. IEA SHC Task 65, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task65-2024-0010.

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The goal of the IEA SHC Task 65 “Solar Cooling for the Sunbelt regions” is to focus on innovations for affordable, safe, and reliable Solar Cooling systems for the Sunbelt regions worldwide. Countries located between the 20th and 40th degree latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, placed in the Sunbelt, face increasing cooling needs on the one hand and higher solar irradiation on the other a compelling solution.
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Neyer, Daniel, Manuel Ostheimer, Jan Bleyl, and Uli Jakob. Adapted Assessment Tool & Collection of Technical and Economic KPIs. Edited by Wolfgang Weiss, Uli Jakob, and Lars Munkoe. IEA SHC Task 65, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task65-2024-0011.

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The goal of the IEA SHC Task 65 “Solar Cooling for the Sunbelt regions” is to focus on innovations for affordable, safe, and reliable Solar Cooling systems for the Sunbelt regions worldwide. Countries located between the 20th and 40th degree latitudes in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, placed in the Sunbelt, face increasing cooling needs on the one hand and higher solar irradiation on the other a compelling solution.
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Queijo Von Heideken, Virginia, Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc, and Belén Sotto Alonso. Unequal Youth: A Challenge for the Development of the Southern Cone: Executive summary. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013446.

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The future development of the countries of the Southern Cone - Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay - depends largely on the interventions made today to improve the prospects of young people. More than half of the 44 million young people between 15 and 24 years old who live in the Southern Cone face challenges such as unemployment, informality, poverty or are not involved in educational or work activities. Inequality between young people according to their income level in several of these indicators is greater in the Southern Cone than in other regions. In a context of insufficient accumulation of human capital and rapid population aging, the contribution of each young person to future growth becomes increasingly important. Furthermore, youth is a crucial period for the accumulation of fundamental skills for adult life, in which key decisions are made for future trajectories. This report shows the need to develop targeted policies to improve education, training, job opportunities and the health of young people - including mental health -, with special emphasis on the most disadvantaged groups, as well as interventions that minimize the incidence of violence and crime in their lives. It also summarizes the evidence on what types of interventions have worked to achieve those goals and which have not. Advancing on this path is not only essential for the well-being of each young person in the region, but also for the development possibilities of the Southern Cone.
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Sittipraneed, Siriporn. การศึกษาการแพร่กระจายของประชากรผึ้งโพรง Apis cerana กลุ่มตอนเหนือและตอนใต้ในบริเวณพื้นที่รอยต่อโดยใช้ดีเอ็นเอเครื่องหมาย : รายงานผลการวิจัย. Chulalongkorn University, 2002. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2002.30.

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PCR-RFLP of three mtDNA regions ( srRNA gene ,irRNA gene and intergenic COI – COII region) were used to investigated the distribution of northern and southern Apis cerana populations of 89 colonies from Prachuap Khiri Khan and Chumphon provinces. Three, four and eight haplotypes were obtained from DraI digestion of PCR-amplified 410 bp srRNA gene, 755bp IrRNA gene and 1710 bp intergenic COI-COII region,respectively. These three mtDNA regions generated 11 composit haplotypes. Twelve composite haplotypes were generated when samples from Yunnan and Hanoi were included. A UPGMA phenogram based on genetic distance allocated A.cerana in these province into 2 distinct group: northern and southern. Their distribution areas had overlapped in Amphur Bang Sapan (Prachuap Khiri Khan ). Bang Sapan Noi (Prachuap Khiri Khan). Tha Sae (Chumphon) and Pa Thiu (Chumphon). Only one type of intermediate haplotype. BAB was found in the contact zone with low frequency indicated that northern and southern populations of bees in Thailand were colonized by separate population. The northern population of A.cerana in Thailand might be colonized by bee from Vietnam. Notably,private haplotype of all amplified regions were found from one sample in Prachuap Khiri Khan. The composite haplotype,CED,was extremely different from all samples having morphological similarity. It was suspected to be the other species. Further study is needed to be carried out to clarify their actual taxonomic status. Microsatellite DNA analysis of 4 geographic samples (1. Central, 2. South, 3. Prachuap Khiri Khan and 4.Chumphon ) was performed by using A.mellifera microsatellite primer. Three microsatellite loci (A28, A107, and A113) showed polymorphic. PCR products of loci A28 and A107 were very difficult to accurately score because of their stutter bands nature. The heterozygosities of A.cerana were estimated from microsatellite loci A113 was 0.451 - 0.550. The analysis of geographic differentiation indicated no differentiation of four geographics of A.cerana . Therefore, crossed mating of male bees in the contact zone (Prachuap Khiri Khan and Chumphon) might occurred.
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