Relevant bibliographies by topics / Southern San Andreas fault

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Academic literature on the topic 'Southern San Andreas fault'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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Lozos, Julian C. "A case for historic joint rupture of the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (2016): e1500621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500621.

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The San Andreas fault is considered to be the primary plate boundary fault in southern California and the most likely fault to produce a major earthquake. I use dynamic rupture modeling to show that the San Jacinto fault is capable of rupturing along with the San Andreas in a single earthquake, and interpret these results along with existing paleoseismic data and historic damage reports to suggest that this has likely occurred in the historic past. In particular, I find that paleoseismic data and historic observations for the ~M7.5 earthquake of 8 December 1812 are best explained by a rupture that begins on the San Jacinto fault and propagates onto the San Andreas fault. This precedent carries the implications that similar joint ruptures are possible in the future and that the San Jacinto fault plays a more significant role in seismic hazard in southern California than previously considered. My work also shows how physics-based modeling can be used for interpreting paleoseismic data sets and understanding prehistoric fault behavior.
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McGill, Sally F., Clarence R. Allen, Kenneth W. Hudnut, David C. Johnson, Wayne F. Miller, and Kerry E. Sieh. "Slip on the Superstition Hills fault and on nearby faults associated with the 24 November 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills earthquakes, southern California." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 79, no. 2 (1989): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0790020362.

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Abstract Alignment arrays and creepmeters spanning several faults in southern California recorded slip associated with the 24 November 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills earthquakes. No precursory slip had occurred on the Superstition Hills fault up to 27 October 1987, when the last measurement before the earthquakes was made. About 23 days before the earthquake, dextral creep events of about 13 mm and 0.5 mm may have occurred simultaneously on the Imperial and southern San Andreas faults, respectively, but the tectonic origin of the smaller event is questionable. Within 12 hr after the Superstition Hills earthquake, 20.9 cm of dextral slip occurred on the main fault trace at the Superstition Hills alignment array, and 39.8 cm of dextral slip was recorded over the entire 110-m width of the array. Despite this initial wide distribution of slip, nearly all of the postseismic slip is occurring on the main fault trace. As of 3 August 1988, the alignment array had recorded a total of 80.2 cm of dextral slip. As of 5 days after the earthquakes, 65 to 80 per cent of the total slip measured by the alignment array had occurred on discrete, mappable fractures. In addition, the two earthquakes triggered slip on the Coyote Creek fault, the southern San Andreas fault, and on the Imperial fault. Telemetered data from creepmeters on the southern San Andreas and Imperial faults indicate that triggered slip began there within 3 min or less of each of the two earthquakes. Additional triggered slip occurred on the Imperial fault beginning 3.5 hr after the second earthquake.
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Hatch, Jennifer L., Michele L. Cooke, Aviel R. Stern, Roby Douilly, and David D. Oglesby. "Considering fault interaction in estimates of absolute stress along faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region, southern California." Geosphere 16, no. 3 (2020): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02153.1.

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Abstract Present-day shear tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region (southern California, USA) can be estimated from stressing rates provided by three-dimensional forward crustal deformation models. Due to fault interaction within the model, dextral shear stressing rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults differ from rates resolved from the regional loading. In particular, fault patches with similar orientations and depths on the two faults show different stressing rates. We estimate the present-day, evolved fault tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region using the time since last earthquake, fault stressing rates (which account for fault interaction), and coseismic models of the impact of recent nearby earthquakes. The evolved tractions differ significantly from the resolved regional tractions, with the largest dextral traction located within the restraining bend comprising the pass, which has not had recent earthquakes, rather than outside of the bend, which is more preferentially oriented under tectonic loading. Evolved fault tractions can provide more accurate initial conditions for dynamic rupture models within regions of complex fault geometry, such as the San Gorgonio Pass region. An analysis of the time needed to accumulate shear tractions that exceed typical earthquake stress drops shows that present-day tractions already exceed 3 MPa along portions of the Banning, Garnet Hill, and Mission Creek strands of the San Andreas fault. This result highlights areas that may be near failure if accumulated tractions equivalent to typical earthquake stress drops precipitate failure.
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Ely, G. P., S. M. Day, and J. B. Minster. "Dynamic Rupture Models for the Southern San Andreas Fault." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 100, no. 1 (2010): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090187.

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Dorsett, Jacob H., Elizabeth H. Madden, Scott T. Marshall, and Michele L. Cooke. "Mechanical Models Suggest Fault Linkage through the Imperial Valley, California, U.S.A." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 4 (2019): 1217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180303.

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Abstract The Imperial Valley hosts a network of active strike‐slip faults that comprise the southern San Andreas fault (SAF) and San Jacinto fault systems and together accommodate the majority of relative Pacific–North American plate motion in southern California. To understand how these faults partition slip, we model the long‐term mechanics of four alternative fault networks with different degrees of connectivity through the Imperial Valley using faults from the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Fault Model version 5.0 (v.5.0). We evaluate model results against average fault‐slip rates from the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Model v.3 (UCERF3) and geologic slip‐rate estimates from specific locations. The model results support continuous linkage from the SAF through the Brawley seismic zone to the Imperial and to the Cerro Prieto faults. Connected faults decrease surface strain rates throughout the region and match more slip‐rate data. Only one model reproduces the UCERF3 rate on the Imperial fault, reaching the lower bound of 15 mm/yr. None of the tested models reproduces the UCERF3 preferred rate of 35 mm/yr. In addition, high‐strain energy density rates around the Cerro Prieto fault in all models suggest that the UCERF3 preferred rate of 35 mm/yr may require revision. The Elmore Ranch fault‐slip rate matches the UCERF3 rate only in models with continuous linkage. No long‐term slip‐rate data are available for the El Centro and Dixieland faults, but all models return less than 2 mm/yr on the El Centro fault and 3.5–9.6 mm/yr on the Dixieland fault. This suggests that the Dixieland fault may accommodate a significant portion of plate‐boundary motion.
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Chen, Rui, and Mark D. Petersen. "Probabilistic Fault Displacement Hazards for the Southern San Andreas Fault Using Scenarios and Empirical Slips." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 2 (2011): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3574226.

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We apply a probabilistic method to develop fault displacement hazard maps and profiles for the southern San Andreas Fault. Two slip models are applied: (1) scenario slip, defined by the ShakeOut rupture model, and (2) empirical slip, calculated using regression equations relating global slip to earthquake magnitude and distance along the fault. The hazard is assessed using a range of magnitudes defined by the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast and the ShakeOut. For hazard mapping we develop a methodology to partition displacement among multiple fault branches based on geological observations. Estimated displacement hazard extends a few kilometers wide in areas of multiple mapped fault branches and poor mapping accuracy. Scenario and empirical displacement hazard differs by a factor of two or three, particularly along the southernmost section of the San Andreas Fault. We recommend the empirical slip model with site-specific geological data to constrain uncertainties for engineering applications.
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Savage, J. C., and M. Lisowski. "Interseismic deformation along the San Andreas Fault in southern California." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 100, B7 (1995): 12703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jb01153.

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Sykes, Lynn R., and Leonardo Seeber. "Great earthquakes and great asperities, San Andreas fault, southern California." Geology 13, no. 12 (1985): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<835:geagas>2.0.co;2.

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Lindsey, Eric O., Yuri Fialko, Yehuda Bock, David T. Sandwell, and Roger Bilham. "Localized and distributed creep along the southern San Andreas Fault." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119, no. 10 (2014): 7909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011275.

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Bürgmann, Roland. "Transpression along the Southern San Andreas Fault, Durmid Hill, California." Tectonics 10, no. 6 (1991): 1152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91tc01443.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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Forand, David H. "Examination of Deformation in Crystalline Rock From Strike-Slip Faults in Two Locations, Southern California." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/683.

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Damage zones adjacent to or associated with faults are important to the geologic community because of their implications to hazards and their ability to preserve evidence for, and show history of, slip, fluid flow, and deformation associated with large strike-slip faults. We examine two fault zones in southern California where fault zone damage is expressed. We revisit the drilled crystalline core from the Cajon Pass California drill hole, 4 km northeast of the San Andreas fault (SAF), and 1 km north of the Cleghorn fault, to perform a systematic structural analysis of deformation and alteration associated with strike-slip faulting at the site. The core preserved 19 fault zones, 11 of which were not previously identified. The most significant fault is a fully intact steep-dipping fault zone at 3,402 m depth with potassium feldspar and epidote alteration. This fault correlates well with the nearby left-lateral Cleghorn fault. The extent of deformation varies within the core, and is controlled by the size of the fault zones intersected by the core. The extent of deformation varies and is controlled by the size of the faults the core intersected. We also examined the nature of right separation across the Clark fault damage zone along the Santa Rosa segment using a marker assemblage of biotite, hornblende-bearing tonalite - marble - bearing metasedimentary rocks - migmatite located in Coyote Mountain and the southeast Santa Rosa Mountains. Separation measured from this study is 16.8 km + 3.67 km / -6.03 km. Our measurement uses the updated location of the Clark fault in Clark Lake Valley and matches a distinctive lithologic contact across the fault instead of matching the diffuse western boundary of the Eastern Peninsular mylonite zone as previously used. We calculate the errors associated with projecting the contacts across Quaternary cover to the trace of the Clark fault, and consider a range of projections. Additional strain may have been accommodated in folds and small faults within the damage zone of the San Jacinto fault zone. Two large map-scale folds deform the marker assemblage near the San Jacinto fault zone and we tested whether Cretaceous ductile deformation or brittle late Quaternary right slip produced the folds.
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Thornock, Steven Jesse. "Southward Continuation of the San Jacinto Fault Zone through and beneath the Extra and Elmore Ranch Left-Lateral Fault Arrays, Southern California." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1978.

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The Clark fault is one of the primary dextral faults in the San Jacinto fault zone system, southern California. Previous mapping of the Clark fault at its southern termination in the San Felipe Hills reveals it as a broad right lateral shear zone that ends north of the crossing, northeast-striking, left-lateral Extra fault. We investigate the relationship between the dextral Clark fault and the sinistral Extra fault to determine whether the Clark fault continues to the southeast. We present new structural, geophysical and geomorphic data that show that the Extra fault is a ~7 km wide, coordinated fault array comprised of four to six left-lateral fault zones. Active strands of the Clark fault zone persists through the Extra fault array to the Superstition Hills fault in the subsurface and rotate overlying sinistral faults in a clockwise sense. New detailed structural mapping between the San Felipe and Superstition Hills confirms that there is no continuous trace of the Clark fault zone at the surface but the fault zone has uplifted an elongate region ~950 km. sq. of latest Miocene to Pleistocene basin-fill in the field area and far outside of it. Detailed maps and cross sections of relocated microearthquakes show two earthquake swarms, one in 2007 and another in 2008 that project toward the San Felipe Hills, Tarantula Wash and Powerline strands of the dextral Clark fault zone in the San Felipe Hills, or possibly toward the parts of the Coyote Creek fault zone. We interpret two earthquake swarms as activating the San Jacinto fault zone beneath the Extra fault array. These data coupled with deformation patterns in published InSAR data sets suggest the presence of possible dextral faults at seismogenic depths that are not evident on the surface. We present field, geophysical and structural data that demonstrate dominantly left-lateral motion across the Extra fault array with complex motion on secondary strands in damage zones. Slickenlines measured within three fault zones in the Extra fault array reveal primarily strike-slip motion on the principal fault strands. Doubly-plunging anticlines between right-stepping en echelon strands of the Extra fault zone are consistent with contraction between steps of left-lateral faults and are inconsistent with steps in dominantly normal faults. Of the 21 published focal mechanisms for earthquakes in and near the field area, all record strike-slip and only two have a significant component of extension. Although the San Sebastian Marsh area is dominated by northeast-striking leftlateral faults at the surface, the Clark fault is evident at depth beneath the field area, in rotated faults, in microseismic alignments, and deformation in the Sebastian uplift. Based on these data the Clark fault zone appears to be continuous at depth to the Superstition Hills fault, as Fialko (2006) hypothesized with more limited data sets.
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Sedki, Ziad. "LiDAR and field investigation along the San Andreas Fault, San Bernardino/Cajon Pass area, Southern California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1524159.

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<p> Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data and field observations were used to create a new tectonogeomorphic strip map along the San Andreas Fault from Wrightwood 47 km southeast to Highland. Three hundred and thirty one geomorphic features were identified and the displacements of 23 offset and deflected streams were measured using Quick Terrain Modeler (QTM). Offsets cluster around 10-50 m, and only one offset is smaller than 5 m, and a few larger offsets (100 m-200 m). </p><p> The primary purpose of this project, besides creating the strip map, was to determine how slip is transferred between the northern San Jacinto fault and Mojave-San Bernardino segments in the Cajon Pass area. Previously published slip rate data suggests slip transfer from the San Jacinto fault to the San Andreas fault between Badger Canyon and Cajon Creek at Cajon Pass area. However, there are no significant changes in offset amounts along the northern end of the San Bernardino segment, and the most likely location for slip transfer would be Cajon Pass.</p>
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Dair, Laura C. "Boundary Element Method Numerical Modeling: An Approach for Analyzing the Complex Geometry and Evolution of the San Gorgonio Knot, San Andreas Fault, Southern California." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/222/.

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Wisely, Beth, and Beth Wisely. "Geophysical and Hydrogeologic Investigations of Two Primary Alluvial Aquifers Embedded in the Southern San Andreas Fault System: San Bernardino and Upper Coachella Valley." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12427.

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This study of alluvial aquifer basins in southern California is centered on observations of differential surface displacement and the search for the mechanisms of deformation. The San Bernardino basin and the Upper Coachella Valley aquifers are bound by range fronts and fault segments of the southern San Andreas fault system. I have worked to quantify long-term compaction in these groundwater dependent population centers with a unique synthesis of data and methodologies using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and groundwater data. My dissertation contributes to the understanding of alluvial aquifer heterogeneity and partitioning. I model hydrogeologic and tectonic interpretations of deformation where decades of overdraft conditions and ongoing aquifer development contribute to extreme rapid subsidence. I develop the Hydrogeologic InSAR Integration (HII) method for the characterization of surface deformation in aquifer basins. The method allows for the separation of superimposed hydraulic and/or tectonic processes in operation. This formalization of InSAR and groundwater level integration provides opportunities for application in other aquifer basins where overdraft conditions may be causing permanent loss of aquifer storage capacity through compaction. Sixteen years of SAR data for the Upper Coachella Valley exhibit rapid vertical surface displacement (#8804; 48mm/a) in sharply bound areas of the western basin margin. Using well driller logs, I categorize a generalized facies analysis of the western basin margin, describing heterogeneity of the aquifer. This allowed for assessment of the relationships between observed surface deformation and sub-surface material properties. Providing the setting and context for the hydrogeologic evolution of California's primary aquifers, the mature San Andreas transform fault is studied extensively by a broad range of geoscientists. I present a compilation of observations of creep, line integrals across the Pacific-North America Plate Boundary, and strain tensor volumes for comparison to the Working Group 2007 (UCERF 2) seismicity-based deformation model. I find that the moment accumulation across the plate boundary is consistent with the deformation model, suggesting fault displacement observations within the plate boundary zone accurately capture the strain across the plate boundary. This dissertation includes co-authored materials previously published, and also includes unpublished work currently under revisions for submission to a technical journal.
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Spinler, Joshua C. "Investigating Crustal Deformation Associated With The North America-Pacific Plate Boundary In Southern California With GPS Geodesy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332879.

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The three largest earthquakes in the last 25 years in southern California occurred on faults located adjacent to the southern San Andreas fault, with the M7.3 1992 Landers and M7.1 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes occurring in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) in the Mojave Desert, and the M7.2 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake occurring along the Laguna Salada fault in northern Baja California, Mexico. The locations of these events near to but not along the southern San Andreas fault (SSAF) is unusual in that the last major event on the SSAF occurred more than 300 years ago, with an estimated recurrence interval of 215± 25 years. The focus of this dissertation is to address the present-day deformation field along the North America-Pacific plate boundary in southern California and northern Baja California, through the analysis of GPS data, and elastic block and viscoelastic earthquake models to determine fault slip rates and rheological properties of the lithosphere in the plate boundary zone. We accomplish this in three separate studies. The first study looks at how strain is partitioned northwards along-strike from the southern San Andreas fault near the Salton Sea. We find that estimates for slip-rates on the southern San Andreas decrease from ~23 mm/yr in the south to ~8 mm/yr as the fault passes through San Gorgonio Pass to the northwest, while ~13-18 mm/yr of slip is partitioned onto NW-SE trending faults of the ECSZ where the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes occurred. This speaks directly to San Andreas earthquake hazards, as a reduction in the slip rate would require greater time between events to build up enough slip deficit in order to generate a large magnitude earthquake. The second study focuses on inferring the rheological structure beneath the Salton Trough region. This is accomplished through analysis of postseismic deformation observed using a set of the GPS data collected before and after the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. By determining the slip-rates on each of the major crustal faults prior to the earthquake, we are able to model the pre-earthquake velocity field for comparison with velocities measured using sites constructed post-earthquake. We then determine how individual site velocities have changed in the 3 years following the earthquake, with implications for the rate at which the lower crust and upper mantle viscously relax through time. We find that the viscosity of the lower crust is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the uppermost mantle, and hypothesize that this is due to mafic material emplaced at the base of the crust as the spreading center developed beneath the Salton Trough since about 6 Ma. The final study investigates crustal deformation and fault slip rates for faults in the northern Mojave and southern Walker Lane regions of the ECSZ. Previous geodetic studies estimated slip-rates roughly double those inferred via geological dating methods in this region for NW striking strike-slip faults, but significantly smaller than geologic estimates for the Garlock fault. Through construction of a detailed elastic block model, which selects only active fault structures, and applying a new, dense GPS velocity field in this region, we are able to estimate slip-rates for the strike-slip faults in the ECSZ that are much closer to those reported from geology.
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Hislop, Ann. "FAULT EVOLUTION IN THE NORTHWEST LITTLE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: A REFLECTION OF TECTONIC LINKAGE BETWEEN THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT AND THE EASTERN CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/63.

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The Little San Bernardino Mountains (LSBM) Fault Set are N-S dextral faults, east of the restraining bend of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in southern California, that may form a tectonic linkage between the SAF and the Eastern California Shear Zone. The NW LSBM are a complexly deformed structural domain characterized by the young N-S dextral faults and older NW-oriented Dillon Shear Zone faults. Before the 1992 Joshua Tree (Mw 6.1) and Landers (Mw 7.3) earthquakes, the rugged NW LSBM was the subject of few geologic studies. This bedrock mapping study has further delineated the geometry, distribution, and relative chronology of brittle structures. A 2015 NCALM award of 51 km2 of lidar imagery on Eureka Peak Fault was used to correct fault locations. Bedrock mapping in the epicentral areas of the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake on Eureka Peak Fault and Landers aftershocks (Mw 5.7, 5.8) focused on the brittle structures of the evolving fault systems and potential connections with historic seismicity. The N-S dextral fault offsets from west to east are; Long Canyon (470 m), Wide Canyon (~150- 340 m), Eureka Peak (~ 225 m), California Riding Trail (850-965 m) and Deerhorn (105 m) faults with a cumulative offset of approximately 2 km. Dolomitic marble, clinopyroxene-hornblende skarn, garnet-epidote skarn and gabbro-diorite intruded by monzogranite are key lithologies used in determining offsets. Joshua Tree Fault, defined by seismicity by Kaven and Pollard (2013) is supported by additional mapped fault data. A “new” fault (Black Rock Canyon) links Wide Canyon and northern Eureka Peak faults. The distribution of aftershock seismicity plotted by depth and latitude along the N-S faults, a prominent broad seismicity trend and bedrock mapping are all consistent with interpreting the N-S faults as an incipient set of faults developing upward from a deeper through-going crustal shear zone. The seismicity since the onset of the Joshua Tree- Landers earthquake sequence on April 23, 1992, forms two distinct trends. Temporally these two trends occurred in sequence; first a N-propagating trend April 23- mid-June along Joshua Tree Fault from the Joshua Tree earthquake epicenter to north of the Pinto Mountain Fault, and secondly a prominent SE trend of Landers aftershocks (including Mw 5.7, 5.8) June 28 onwards, from the Landers earthquake epicenter, along Eureka Peak Fault to the SAF. AFT and (U-Th)/He thermochronology indicate an abrupt boundary on Long Canyon Fault between rapid uplift within ~ 12 km of the SAF and slower uplift more than 12 km north. This boundary is projected along the Dillon Shear Zone structural grain to the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake epicenter on southern Eureka Peak Fault, dividing the N-striking faults into northern and southern domains. The 14.7 km hypocentral depth of the Joshua Tree earthquake coincides roughly with the depth of the NE dipping SAF intersection with Eureka Peak Fault, forming a hypothesized flower structure which is consistent with rapid uplift of the LSBM escarpment near the SAF. The LSBM Fault Set may be initiated by the upward migration of a through-going mid-crustal break and eastern migration of the current SAF trace bypassing the Big Bend slip impediment. Eureka Peak Fault with a slip rate of 10-20 mm/yr, is the proposed structure tectonically linking the SAF and the Eastern California Shear Zone.
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Markowski, Daniel K. "Confirmation of a New Geometric and Kinematic Model of the San Andreas Fault at Its Southern Tip, Durmid Hill, Southern California." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4987.

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The southern - 100 km long Coachella section of the San Andreas fault is the only section of the fault in southern California that has not experienced a historical earthquake, and it may be the most overdue section of the fault. Numerical models of rupture propagation shows that a large earthquake with a nucleation one in the Durmid Hill field area would produce particularly destructive and deadly ground shaking in southern California. This is used as the model earthquake for the ShakeOut exercises in southern California because it is may represent the worst-case scenario for southern California but does not appear to be a very likely scenario following this research. Building on existing geologic mapping that shows major Pleistocene to Holocene contraction near the hypothesized nucleation, we use geologic mapping to develop and validate a competing geometric and kinematic model for the southern tip of the San Andreas Fault. A ladder-like-fault model explains the widespread contraction in the Durmid Hill study area as the result of contraction between the main strand of the San Andreas fault and East Shoreline strand. The East Shoreline strand of the San Andreas fault is the newly discovered fault and is dispersed across a zone between 0.5 to 1 km wide, and encompasses an area on the northeast shore of the Salton Sea. There is persistent and strong contraction across the entire - 1.5 to 3.5 km wide San Andreas fault zone because both dextral "side-rail" faults are counterclockwise, and in a contractional bend, relative to current plate motions. This contractional bend was previously documented for the main strand of San Andreas fault. A new digital geologic map and field studies document the stratigraphy and structures at a range of scales between Bombay Beach and Salt Creek. Numerous folds, narrow strike-slip and oblique-slip faults, and sheared damaged rocks in latest Miocene (?) to Holocene sediment lie within the wide and very complex damage zone of the main strand of the San Andreas fault zone. The East Shoreline strand of the San Andreas fault system buffers the main strand from major stress changes produced by deformation along the sinistral to sinistral-normal Extra fault array under the Salton Sea.
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Streig, Ashley. "High Resolution Timing and Style of Coseismic Deformation: Paleoseismic Studies on the Northern and Southern San Andreas Fault." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18379.

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Critical inputs to evaluate fault behavior models include the frequency of large earthquakes on plate boundary faults, amount of displacement, style of deformation in these events, and how these earthquakes are associated with adjacent sites and broader segments. Paleoseismic data provide these inputs and allow the characterization of hazard posed by individual faults. This dissertation presents results from paleoseismic studies at Hazel Dell and Frazier Mountain that provide new earthquake chronologies and slip estimates for the San Andreas Fault (SAF). These data provide new insights into the recurrence and style of coseismic deformation for surface rupturing earthquakes on the SAF. The Hazel Dell site provides the first definitive paleoseismic evidence of two pre-1906, 19th century earthquakes on the Santa Cruz Mountains section of the SAF. I correlate these paleoseismic findings with the historic record of ground shaking associated with earthquakes in that period and combine the style of deformation in the last 3 events at the site with results from nearby paleoseismic sites to estimate earthquake rupture lengths and magnitudes for these early historic events. These findings increase the frequency of historic surface rupturing earthquakes on the northern SAF three-fold. At the Frazier Mountain site, on the southern SAF, I mapped deformation across a releasing step on the fault for the last five surface rupturing earthquakes to estimate deformation per-event. I compare the geometry and amount of vertical relief generated across the step-over by retrodeforming 3D surfaces interpolated from paleoseismic data step-wise for stratigraphic units deformed by each of those earthquakes. I find that structural relief is similar in four of the last five events, so slip on the fault must be within the same range for these earthquakes to generate approximately equivalent structural relief across the step-over. These results suggest displacement on the fault is comparable at the Frazier Mountain site for the last 4 events, including deformation resulting from 4-5 m lateral displacements in the historic M 7.9 1857 earthquake. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material. Supplemental file Plate A includes additional trench logs for the Hazel Dell site, presented in Chapters II and III.
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Gray, Harrison J. "Geomorphic response to transpression and alluvial fan chronology of the Mecca Hills, : a case study along the Southern southern San Andreas fault zone." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613207.

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Books on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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America, Geological Society of, ed. High geologic slip rates since early Pleistocene initiation of the San Jacinto and San Felipe fault zones in the San Andreas fault system, Southern California, USA. Geological Society of America, 2010.

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A land in motion: California's San Andreas Fault. Golden Gate National Parks Association, 1999.

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A, Lenihan J. M., ed. Well, it's not my fault!: About the San Andreas Fault and other things. Medical Physics Pub. Corp., 1987.

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Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and life along the San Andreas Fault. Henry Holt, 1998.

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Fradkin, Philip L. Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and life along the San Andreas Fault. University of California Press, 1999.

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Coventry, Laura. My sister's house is built on the San Andreas Fault. L. Coventry and L. Crosson, 1988.

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Lund, Nancy. Life on the San Andreas Fault: A history of Portola Valley. Scottwall Associates, 2003.

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Moore, D. E. Geometry of recently active breaks along the San Andreas Fault, California. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1990.

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Stoffer, Philip W. Where's the San Andreas Fault?: A guidebook to tracing the fault on public lands in the San Francisco Bay region. U.S. Geological Survey, 2006.

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Clarke, Thurston. California fault: Searching for the spirit of state along the San Andreas. Ballantine Books, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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Nicholson, C., and L. Seeber. "Evidence for Contemporary Block Rotation in Strike-Slip Environments: Examples from the San Andreas Fault System, Southern California." In Paleomagnetic Rotations and Continental Deformation. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0869-7_16.

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Bryant, William A. "San Andreas Fault." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_307.

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Fuis, Gary S., Monica D. Kohler, Martin Scherwath, Uri ten Brink, Harm J. A. Van Avendonk, and Janice M. Murphy. "A comparison between the transpressional plate boundaries of South Island, New Zealand, and southern California, USA: The Alpine and San Andreas Fault Systems." In A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South Island, New Zealand. American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/175gm16.

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Goebel, T. H. W., E. Hauksson, A. Plesch, and J. H. Shaw. "Detecting Significant Stress Drop Variations in Large Micro-Earthquake Datasets: A Comparison Between a Convergent Step-Over in the San Andreas Fault and the Ventura Thrust Fault System, Southern California." In Earthquakes and Multi-hazards Around the Pacific Rim, Vol. I. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71565-0_9.

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Wong, Teng-Fong. "Drilling Into the San Andreas Fault." In Thermo-Hydromechanical and Chemical Coupling in Geomaterials and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118623565.ch4.

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Anonymous. "Hollister to San Francisco: San Juan Bautista fault scarp-Calaveras fault-Hayward fault-San Andreas Lake-Daly City-San Francisco." In The San Andreas Transform Belt: Long Beach to San Francisco, California July 20–29, 1989. American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft309p0107.

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Anonymous. "San Bernardino to Valencia: San Gabriel Mountains-San Andreas fault-Mojave Desert." In The San Andreas Transform Belt: Long Beach to San Francisco, California July 20–29, 1989. American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft309p0075.

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Page, Benjamin M., and Clyde Wahrhaftig. "San Andreas Fault and other features of the transform regime." In Geology of San Francisco and Vicinity: San Francisco Bay Region, California: July 1–7, 1989. American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft105p0022.

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Hay, Edward A., N. Timothy Hall, and William R. Cotton. "Rapid creep on the San Andreas fault at Bitterwater Valley." In The San Andreas Transform Belt: Long Beach to San Francisco, California July 20–29, 1989. American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft309p0036.

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Prentice, Carol S. "The northern San Andreas fault: Russian River to Point Arena." In The San Andreas Transform Belt: Long Beach to San Francisco, California July 20–29, 1989. American Geophysical Union, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ft309p0049.

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Conference papers on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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Huerta, Brittany, Doug Yule, and Richard V. Heermance. "OFF FAULT DEFORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SLIP RATE ALONG THE SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT IN THE SAN GORGONIO PASS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286966.

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Coffey, Kevin T. "STRAIN PARTITIONING CAN EXPLAIN DISPARATE CROSS-FAULT CORRELATIONS ALONG THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, U.S.A." In 116th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020cd-347219.

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Langenheim, V. E., R. C. Jachens, G. S. Fuis, and S. Barak. "INFLUENCE OF THE PENINSULAR RANGES BATHOLITH ON THE SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM, CALIFORNIA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274340.

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Kendrick, Katherine J., and Jonathan C. Matti. "GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EXPRESSION OF A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL REGION: SAN ANDREAS FAULT THROUGH THE SAN GORGONIO PASS, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274466.

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Powell, Robert E. "PALEOGEOLOGIC PATTERNS, CRUSTAL BLOCKS, AND EVOLUTION OF THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-313778.

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Scharer, Kate, Kim Blisniuk, Warren Sharp, and Simon Marius Mudd. "SLIP TRANSFER AND THE GROWTH OF THE INDIO AND EDOM HILLS, SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274217.

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Kelson, Keith I., Christopher S. Hitchcock, John N. Baldwin, et al. "Fault Rupture Assessments for High-Pressure Pipelines in the Southern San Francisco Bay Area, California." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0212.

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The San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults are major active faults that traverse the San Francisco Bay area in northern California, and may produce surface rupture during large earthquakes. We assessed the entire Pacific Gas &amp; Electric Company natural gas transmission system in northern California, and identified several locations where primary pipelines cross these faults. The goal of this effort was to develop reasonable measures for mitigating fault-rupture hazards during the occurrence of various earthquake scenarios. Because fault creep (e.g., slow, progressive movement in the absence of large earthquakes) occurs at the pipeline fault crossings, we developed an innovative approach that accounts for the reduction in expected surface displacement, as a result of fault creep, during a large earthquake. In addition, we used recently developed data on the distribution of displacement across fault zones to provide likely scenarios of the seismic demand on each pipeline. Our overall approach involves (1) identifying primary, high-hazard fault crossings throughout the pipeline system, (2) delineating the location, width, and orientation of the active fault zone at specific fault-crossing sites, (3) characterizing the likely amount, direction, and distribution of expected surface fault displacement at these sites, (4) evaluating geotechnical soil conditions at the fault crossings, (5) modeling pipeline response, and (6) developing mitigation measures. At specific fault crossings, we documented fault locations, widths, and orientations on the basis of detailed field mapping and exploratory trenching. We estimated fault displacements based on expected earthquake magnitude, and then adjusted these values to account for the effects of fault creep at the ground surface. Fault creep decreases the amount of expected surface fault rupture, such that sites having high creep rates are expected to experience proportionally less surface displacement during a large earthquake. Lastly, we modeled the expected amount of surface offset to reflect the distribution of offset across the fault zone, based on data from historical surface ruptures throughout the world. Where specific fault crossings contain a single primary fault strand, we estimated that 85% of the total surface offset occurs on the main fault and the remainder occurs as secondary deformation. At sites where the pipeline crosses multiple active fault strands in a broad zone, we consider complex rupture distributions. Using this approach yields realistic, appropriately conservative estimates of surface displacement for assessing seismic demands on the pipelines.
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Hill, Ryley, Matthew Weingarten, Matthew Weingarten, Thomas K. Rockwell, and Thomas K. Rockwell. "CAN THE LACK OF LAKE LOADING EXPLAIN THE EARTHQUAKE DROUGHT ON THE SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT?" In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355082.

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Thomann, Clara, Susanne U. Jänecke, James P. Evans, Daniel Markowski, and Robert Quinn. "COULD A KEYSTONE FAULT BLOCK EXPLAIN THE OVERDUE TIMING OF A M7.5+ EARTHQUAKE ALONG THE SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-332595.

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Gray, Harrrison, Gregory E. Tucker, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Alison R. Duvall, Sarah Harbert, and Lewis A. Owen. "LATE-QUATERNARY SLIP-RATE OF THE SOUTHERN SAN ANDREAS FAULT INFERRED FROM LANDSCAPE MODELING OF SHEARED DRAINAGES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283352.

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Reports on the topic "Southern San Andreas fault"

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Foxall, William. Heterogeneous slip and rupture models of the San Andreas fault zone based upon three-dimensional earthquake tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163876.

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Zoback, M. D. Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault and site characterization research: Planning and coordination efforts. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674610.

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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Mackie, R. L., D. W. Livelybrooks, T. R. Madden, and J. C. Larsen. A high-precision MT study of the mid and lower crustal San Andreas fault zone. Final report, April 1, 1994--March 31, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/629376.

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Castillo, D. A. ,., and L. W. Younker. A High shear stress segment along the San Andreas Fault: Inferences based on near-field stress direction and stress magnitude observations in the Carrizo Plain Area. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/490160.

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Aster, R., R. Flores, and M. Fehler. A specialized boundary element algorithm developed to calculate the state of stress in the Anza Gap, San Jacinto Fault Zone, Southern, CA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82527.

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Andrew, Joseph. Geologic Map of the Southern Slate Range and a Portion of the Central Garlock Fault, China Lake Naval Weapons Station, San Bernardino County, California. Geological Society of America, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.dmch020.

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Seismic reflection profile across the coast ranges of central California-Morro Bay to the San Andreas fault. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf1920.

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Geologic map of the San Andreas Fault in the Parkfield 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Monterey and Fresno counties, California. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2115.

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Geologic map of the San Andreas Fault Zone in the Cholame Valley and Cholame Hills quadrangles, San Luis Obispo and Monterey counties, California. US Geological Survey, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf1995.

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