Relevant bibliographies by topics / Southern Union Gas Company

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Southern Union Gas Company'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

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Wunderlich, Julie, Martin Collette, Laurence Levy, and Lawrence Bodin. "Scheduling Meter Readers for Southern California Gas Company." Interfaces 22, no. 3 (June 1992): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.22.3.22.

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Langston, Michael T. "Case Study 2: Southern Union Going for Long-Term Contracts." Natural Gas 10, no. 2 (August 20, 2008): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.3410100206.

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Creegan, Joseph B., and Frank A. Monforte. "Southern California Gas Company Uses Special Ordered Sets to Model Regulatory Guidelines." Interfaces 20, no. 4 (August 1990): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.20.4.28.

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Ayvazyan, Diana. "Southern Gas Corridor as the instrument for the diversification of the gas import to the European Union." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran2201820.

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Baker, Sinan A. "Energy Losses Resulting from the Flaring of the Associated Gases of the (North&South) Jambour Oil Fields." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 7, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v7i2.193.

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This research includes a study of the components of the associated gases in Jambour fields (North and South) using Gas Chromatography instrument type (Varian cp-3800),The associated gases of The Southern Jambour contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) and it is a sweet gas, while the associated gasesof Northern Jambour field is much higher up to 4 % Mole according to the analysis that has done on the associated gas for both fields by (GC), also the results of the analysis show that methane ratio is 80% for both fields gases (north, south) and can take advantage of the associated gas of Southern Jambour fields to feed the operating units in North Oil Company, North Gas Company, and Mulla Abdulla Power plant. The productivity of Southern Jambour field at the present time of the associated gas is (130 MMSCF/day) while the production of Northern Jambour field is (60 MMSCF/day) and can take advantage of the associated gas of SouthernJambour field to operate gas stations, because it is asweetgas.The amount of the associated gas burned in (flare) of Jambour fields is (1-4 MMSCF / day), and assuming the density of the associated gas rate is 0.00086 gm / cm3) where (mgas = ρgas * vgas), the (1 MMSCF) of gas equivalent to (25 ton), the flaring associated gas rate in Jambour fields equivalent to (25 ton/ day).
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O'Rourke, T. D., and M. C. Palmer. "Earthquake Performance of Gas Transmission Pipelines." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 3 (August 1996): 493–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585895.

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Over 61 years of earthquake performance of steel transmission and distribution supply pipelines operated by the Southern California Gas Company are reviewed. The seismic record includes 11 major earthquakes with ML ≥ 5.8 and epicenters within the transmission system. An evaluation is made of the most vulnerable types of piping, failure mechanisms, break statistics, threshold seismic intensity to cause failure, and damage induced by permanent ground displacement. The database assembled represents one of the most comprehensive and detailed records of seismic response in a large, complex gas transmission system.
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Misiągiewicz, Justyna. "The Southern Gas Corridor infrastructure project – implications for the energy security of the European Union." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 17, no. 4 (December 2019): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2019.4.4.

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Nowadays, energy security is a growing concern in state foreignpolicy. Interdependency in the energy field is a very important dimensionof contemporary relations between states and transnational corporations.Energy security is becoming a key issue for the European Union (EU). TheUnion is one of the world’s fastest-growing energy markets and the biggestimporter of energy resources. For the foreseeable future, Europe’s energydependence will probably increase. Facing a shortage of energy, Europe isdependent on imports and the EU member states need to diversify their energysupplies. The Caspian region contains some of the largest undevelopedoil and gas reserves in the world. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, thenewly independent Caspian states became open to foreign investment. Thegrowing energy needs have given the EU a strong interest in developing tieswith energy-producing states in the Caspian region to build the necessarypipeline infrastructure. In this analysis, the pipeline infrastructure that exists orwill be built in the near future will be presented. The analysis will concentrateon routes transporting gas from the Caspian region and the most importantproblems and solutions in designing the midstream energy system in the region.The key aim of the article is to analyse the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC)infrastructure project, which will inevitably contribute to the EU’s energy securityinterest.
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Suleman, Sabera. "Impact of Performance Appraisal on Employee Performance: A Critical Case Study of Sui Southern Gas Company Limited." Journal of Independent Studies and Research-Management, Social Sciences and Economics 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2008): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2008.06.2.7.

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Kot, Sebastian. "Cost Structure in Relation to the Size of Road Transport Enterprises." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 27, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v27i5.1687.

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The problem of cost management in road transport enterprises is one of the most crucial ones for their efficient functioning. The enterprises functioning on the market are very different so it is important to analyse their costs structure in relation to their size. The author provides a discussion on road transport costs identification and problems related to it. The considerations are based on the background of road transport importance in transport services in Poland and chosen European Union countries. Then, the research methodology consisting of elaborated questionnaire and the research sample are defined with special attention to the company size. The author provides research results on the costs structure in road transport enterprises in southern Poland and presents their components and differences. The author noticed the differences in costs structure in relation to the company size with domination of employment costs in micro and small road transport enterprises and costs of fuel in larger companies that result from better resource management.
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Faiz, M., L. Stalker, N. Sherwood, A. Saghafi, M. Wold, S. Barclay, J. Choudhury, W. Barker, and I. Wang. "BIO-ENHANCEMENT OF COAL BED METHANE RESOURCES IN THE SOUTHERN SYDNEY BASIN." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02033.

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Coals in the Sydney Basin contain large amounts of gas ranging in composition from pure methane (CH4) to pure carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases are derived from thermogenic, magmatic and biogenic sources and their present-day distribution is mainly related to geological structure, depth and proximity to igneous intrusions.A coal bed methane (CBM) study of the Camden area of the Sydney Basin has been jointly conducted by Sydney Gas Company NL (SGC) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The delineation of high production fairways is vital for any CBM project development to be commercially successful. An integrated research project employing various methods of reservoir characterisation, including geological, geochemical, geomechanical and gas storage analyses contribute to this delineation for the Camden area, where SGC is currently developing the 300-well Camden Gas Project.In particular, accurate determinations of gas content, saturation levels, composition and origin, as well as interpretations about distribution, are essential for identifying sweet spots for CBM production optimisation. The extent of gas saturation is a function of numerous factors, including amounts of gas generated between the Permian and Late Cretaceous, amounts expelled from the system during Late Cretaceous-Tertiary uplift and amounts of subsequent secondary biogenic methane generated and absorbed in the coals. The extent of this secondary biogenic gas generation appears to be greatest in coals proximal to the basin margins, where meteoric waters carrying bacteria and nutrients had ready access. Significant enhancement of methane content also occurs, however, in deeper parts of the basin where permeable structures exist.The integrated study shows that high production CBM wells drilled to date by SGC are located in zones of enhanced permeability. In these locations original thermogenic wet gases have been removed and additional secondary biogenic methane has been generated due to microbial alteration of coal, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. This process has replenished the coals by enhancing the methane contents of the respective seams and this phenomenon can be termed ‘bio-enhancement’ in the context of CBM production.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

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Aydin, Ayse Esra. "European Union." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614743/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines the bilateral relations of European Union and Russia in terms of energy trade. The main question of this thesis is whether European Union could realize its energy strategies of supply security and supply diversification in its natural gas trade with Russia. The main argument of this thesis is
Russia has been undermining the EU&rsquo
s energy strategy, by using the contradictions between the EU&rsquo
s energy strategy priorities of supply security and supply diversification. Emphasizing the significance of supply security for the European Union, Russia undermines the EU-sponsored projects of supply diversification. The fact that, Russia will be the principal supplier of natural gas to Europe, is likely remain as the key actor in energy market of EU. However, Russia is also dependent on EU for its hydrocarbon exports. Consequently Russia&rsquo
s role as EU&rsquo
s primary supplier in natural gas , and EU&rsquo
s role as Russia&rsquo
s main hydrocarbon importer, are likely to be the main factor that will continue to shape the thereon energy security in the foreseeable future.
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Tung, Chia-Cheng, and 董家誠. "Exploring the strategy of the second dealers in the alliance business model_Take the Southern Car Union S Company as an example." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zh5z6p.

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Akdemir, Enes. "Evropská sousedská politika po vilniuském summitu: případ jižního Kavkazu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415142.

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This study attempts to analyze the evolution of the ENP in Southern Caucasus during post- Vilnius era. With contributions of the recent history, it aims to find out how these evolving policies affected the region from the competing theories perspective. It's seeking an answer to whether or not "initially neoliberal" strategy of ENP is designed to transform the region into a space with stability. While doing this, effectiveness of the ENP and multidirectional contributions it brought to the region is discussed. Neorealist and neoliberalist assumptions made for assessing the ENP's practices in the region. The thesis is methodologically supported with Congruence Analysis, which qualitatively enables us to observe theoretical developments based on multiple cases. Drawing on the main challenges to ENP's initial strategy, main hypotesis argue that neorealist assumptions are prevailing over neoliberalist assumptions, which can be shown as an outcome of the ENP's evolving policies in post- Vilnius era.
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Jančík, Jan. "Nord Stream 2: V souladu se strategií energetické bezpečnosti EU?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406243.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the energy security of the European union, specifically on the import of natural gas. The dependence on the import of natural gas is one of the key questions for the energy security of the EU. One of the tools for dealing with this issue is diversification of the suppliers a searching for a new sources of energy to sustain the economical development of the EU. One of the goals of the EU' Energy security strategy is to lower its dependence on gas imports from Russia. In the lights of recent events, when the gas supply was disrupted a few times, because of the events on Ukraine, Russian aggression in the eastern part of Ukraine and annexation of the Crimea, EU is looking for a better alternative. The research is trying to find out what is the role of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, which will bypass Ukraine and go straight from Russia to Germany and will have impact on other Central and Eastern European countries. The question is whether the project is viable vis-a-vis energy security framework metrics and whether there are better alternatives such as the Southern Gas Corridor or the possibility to import liquified natural gas LNG from elsewhere. Apart from the energy security framework the geopolitics is taken into an account and will try to explain the power...
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Azevedo, Frederico Emanuel Fetal Prezado Santos de. "Diversificação e segurança energética europeia : gás natural e o corredor meridional." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18261.

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A União Europeia enquanto uma das maiores economias globais é dependente do gás natural fornecido por terceiros. Considerando que os mercados deste recurso são regionais, derivado da maioria do seu transporte ser efectuado via gasoduto, o contexto geopolítico europeu depara-se com um conjunto de riscos, alguns de natureza política, que condicionam o estado de segurança energética relativa ao seu abastecimento de gás natural. Por conseguinte, a União Europeia implementou diversas estratégias que visam a criação de um mercado e espaço único relativo ao consumo de gás natural, tal como, tem procurado dinamizar as suas relações com outros exportadores, países-trânsito e consumidores. A respeito dessa dinamização de relações, a Comissão Europeia priorizou a criação de uma nova rota de abastecimento, o Corredor Meridional, composto por um sistema de gasodutos com o propósito de interligar potenciais produtores alternativos com os seus mercados consumidores. O objectivo deste projecto serve o aumento da sua diversificação, como uma das soluções fundamentais para o reforço da sua segurança energética. Todavia, as regiões alternativas incluídas nessa estratégia apresentam um conjunto de desafios com diversas origens que poderão condicionar o desenvolvimento do Corredor. Analisar e compreender todos estes contextos e em última instância, confirmar a importância da contribuição do Corredor Meridional para o aumento da segurança energética europeia, constituem os objectivos deste trabalho.
As one of the major global economies, the European Union is dependent on external supplies of natural gas. Considering that its markets have a regional dimension, as main form of transportation of natural gas is effected through pipelines, the European geopolitical context faces a set of risks, some of which are political in nature, that undermine its energy security status regarding natural gas supplies. Hence, the European Union has implemented several strategies that aim to create a common market and space correlated to natural gas consumption; as it has been trying to boost its relations with other exporter, transit and consumer countries. Concerning such improvement in relations, the European Commission prioritized the creation of a new supply route, the Southern Corridor, composed by a pipeline system with the purpose of connecting potential alternative suppliers with its consumer markets. The main goal of this project serves the increase of diversification, as one of the fundamental solutions to reinforce European energy security. However, the alternative regions included in this strategy pose a number of challenges of diverse naturewhich may compromise the Corridor’s development. To analyse and understand all these contexts and, ultimately, to confirm the importance of the Southern Corridor’s contribution to the increase of the European energy security, are the objectives of this work.
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Books on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

1

Ernst & Whinney. Management audit of Brooklyn Union Gas Company. [Washington, D.C.?]: Ernst & Whinney, 1988.

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E, Murphy Robert. Brooklyn Union: A centennial history. [Brooklyn, N.Y.]: Brooklyn Union Gas Co., 1995.

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Duke, Donald. Union Pacific in Southern California: 1890-1990. San Marino, CA: Golden West Books, 2005.

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Larson, Elwin S. Brooklyn Union Gas: Fueling growth and change in New York City. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1987.

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United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Office of Energy Projects. Draft environmental impact statement: Cypress pipeline project and phase VII expansion project. Washington, D.C: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2006.

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United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Office of Energy Projects. Final environmental impact statement: Cypress pipeline project and Phase VII expansion project : Southern Natural Gas Company and Florida Gas Transmission Company. Washington, DC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Energy Projects, 2006.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Energy and Public Utilities. Informational hearing on soaring residential gas utility bills and natural gas shortages in southern California: February 26, 1988, J.D. Morgan Center, Press Room, University of California, Los Angeles. [Sacramento, CA]: California Legislature, Senate Committee on Enery and Public Utilities, 1988.

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Monroe, Gregory. Moffat!: Rio Grande-Southern Pacific-Union Pacific west of Denver, Colorado. [Arvada, CO: Fox Publications], 1997.

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Associates, LSA. Environmental assessment: Southern California Gas Company natural gas transmission line 6902 project : Riverside and Imperial counties, California. Port Richmond, Calif: LSA Associates, 1993.

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California. Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Utilities and Commerce. The impact of competition on utility customer service: Informational hearing of the Assembly Utilities and Commerce Committee, Museum of Science and Industry, 700 State Drive, Los Angeles, California, October 22, 1991. Sacramento, Calif: The Committee, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

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Gent, Stephen E., and Mark J. C. Crescenzi. "Russia." In Market Power Politics, 125–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197529805.003.0006.

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This chapter examines how Russia’s pursuit of territorial expansion and gray zone tactics in Georgia and Ukraine can be seen as part of its overall strategy to preserve and expand its market power in the natural gas market. As the predominant gas supplier to many European countries, Russia’s state-owned gas company, Gazprom, has price-setting capabilities that the Russian state can exploit to extract rents and exert political leverage internationally. As part of its overall strategy to block potential competitors and secure its control over the transit of gas to European consumers, Russia has perpetuated territorial disputes with neighboring Georgia and Ukraine. Given its high level of economic interdependence with the European Union, Russia has largely refrained from escalating these disputes militarily and has instead relied upon strategic delay to achieve its market power goals.
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Fox, Michael H. "The Quest for Uranium." In Why We Need Nuclear Power. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199344574.003.0018.

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The name rises as a phantom from the heart of the Congo. The dawn of the nuclear age began there, though no one knew it at the time. King Leopold II of Belgium claimed the Congo as his colony during the surge of European colonization in the 1870s, promising to run the country for the benefit of the native population. Instead, he turned it into a giant slave camp as he raped the country of its riches. Leopold didn’t care much about mineral wealth, preferring the easy riches of rubber, but aft er he died in 1909, the Belgium mining company Union Minière discovered ample resources of copper, bismuth, cobalt, tin, and zinc in southern Congo. The history-changing find, though, was high-grade uranium ore at Shinkolobwe in 1915. The real interest at the time was not in uranium—it had no particular use—but in radium, the element the Curies discovered and made famous. It was being used as a miracle treatment for cancer and was the most valuable substance on earth—30,000 times the price of gold. Radium is produced from the decay of uranium aft er several intermediates (see Figure 8.3 in Chapter 8), so it is inevitable that radium and uranium will be located together. The true value of the uranium would not be apparent until the advent of the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb during World War II. Edgar Sangier, the director of Union Miniere, which owned the mine at Shinkolobwe, hated the Nazis and was afraid—correctly, as it turned out—that they would invade Belgium. In 1939, as Europe was sliding into war, Sangier learned that uranium could possibly be used to build a bomb. He secretly arranged to transfer 1,250 tons of the uranium ore out of the Congo to a warehouse in New York City. There it sat until 1942, when General Leslie Groves, the man whom President Roosevelt put in charge of the Manhattan Project, found out about it and arranged to purchase it.
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Broughton, Chad. "Unrest in the Magic Valley." In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0005.

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One Evening in May 1967, in the parched border city of Mission, Texas, Ed Krueger had worked into the early evening on a painting and was late to the demonstration at the railroad crossing. He arrived there at 8:45 p.m. with his wife, Tina; his 18-year-old son, David; and Doug Adair, a young journalist writing for the magazine El Malcriado: The Voice of the Farm Worker. Just a few union members and bystanders were at the crossing when they arrived. Krueger, 36, a lanky and clean-cut minister, had been working with Local 2 of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFW) and had expected to see thirty or forty striking farmworkers and activists protesting the “scab melons” passing by on the next train. But they weren’t there, and Krueger was worried. They parked 75 feet south of the railroad crossing, on the west side of Conway Street. Krueger and his wife grabbed some hamburgers and sodas and leaned on their bumper to eat with their son. Adair went to talk to a reporter on the north side of the crossing. Joining Krueger was Magdaleno Dimas, an itinerant 29-year-old farmworker. A Mexico-born U.S. citizen, Dimas had a dragon tattoo on his right arm, a rose on his left, and an edgy zeal for the strike. They were waiting for a freight train carrying tens of thousands of recently harvested cantaloupes and honeydews loaded into thirty or so refrigerated cars. The melons had just been cut at La Casita ranch in Rio Grande City, thirty miles west of Mission. After a switch down-valley in Harlingen, the ranch’s melons would head north to San Antonio. La Casita, owned by a California company, operated nearly year round and employed 300 to 500 laborers on 2,700 acres of melons, peppers, carrots, cabbage, celery, and lettuce. The southern boundary of its well-ordered fruit and vegetable fields was the snaking Rio Grande River. All that separated La Casita from Mexico was a short swim across the slow-moving, greenish river that irrigated its fields.
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"2 European Union: mining in decline (a) Remains of buildings at a tin mine at Morvah in Cornwall, 114 England, UK (b) Imposing entrance to a now closed coal-mine in southern Belgium 114 5.3 Industry in the European Union (a) The main plant of the motor vehicle company Volkswagen 116 at Wolfsburg in northern Germany (b) The Japanese motor vehicle company Toyota opened its 116 factory to reach the EU market in 1993 on a greenfield site near Derby, East Midlands, England, UK 5.4 European Union: contrasts in German Autobahn quality (a) Former East Germany, near Chemnitz, built before the 122 Second World War (b) Viaduct on a newly built Autobahn in former West 122 Germany, near Kassel 5.5 European Union: Sunday morning in one of Bologna’s squares 126 5.6 The European Union: the historic and picturesque (a) The village of St Jean-de-Bueges in the Massif Central behind Montpellier, southern France 128 (b) The village of Alberobello, Apulia, southern Italy 128 6.1 The Czech Republic in Central Europe (a) Ostrov in the northwest part of the Republic 136 (b) Post-Second World War housing at Chomutov, constructed 136 during the communist period." In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 649. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-159.

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Conference papers on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

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Lorkin, M., E. Geutebruck, J. Herler, R. Kikinger, and M. Stachowitsch. "Marine Environment Survey Development and Execution for Offshore Oil & Gas Company Operations, Southern Arabian Gulf." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/73984-ms.

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Geutebruck, E., J. Herler, R. Kikinger, M. Stachowitsch, and M. Lorkin. "Environmental Impact of Offshore Oil and Gas Company Operations in the Southern Arabian Gulf: A Marine Environmental Survey." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/74165-ms.

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Honegger, Douglas G. "Wave Propagation Versus Transient Ground Displacement as a Credible Hazard to Buried Oil and Gas Pipelines." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-144.

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In 1997, a research project was initiated by Southern California Gas Company, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, with support from Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, and Toho Gas, to investigate the cause of natural gas pipeline damage during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. As part of this research activity, extensive field and laboratory investigations were performed on a 1925 gas pipeline that suffered several girth weld failures in Potrero Canyon, a remote and unpopulated area just north of the Santa Susana Mountains. The pipeline is operated by the Southern California Gas Company, one of the principle sponsors of the gas utility research project. The investigations into the performance of the pipeline were largely prompted by questions regarding the cause of pipeline damage. Although ground cracking and sand boils were observed in Potrero Canyon following the Northridge earthquake, there were no clear signs of permanent ground deformation near the locations of pipeline damage. Pipeline damage, consisting predominantly of girth weld tensile failure and two instances of buckling of the pipe wall, indicated that significant relative pipe-soil deformation might have occurred. Field investigations were unable to identify surface evidence of permanent ground deformation near the locations of pipeline damage and attention focused on the possibility that the damage could have been caused by wave propagation. This focus was based on the assertions of past researchers that pipelines with poor-quality oxyacetylene girth welds are susceptible to damage from wave propagation. The detailed investigation of The pipeline has concluded that wave propagation was not a significant factor in the pipeline damage and raises questions regarding wave propagation effects as a causative mechanism for pipeline damage in past earthquakes. A simple analytical model of the transient ground deformation that may have occurred in the vicinity of the pipeline damage was found to provide insight into the cause of the ground cracking observed at the margins of Potrero Canyon, approximate magnitudes of differential ground displacements that may have occurred during the earthquake, and the reasons for the spatial distribution of pipeline damage. This model is proposed as the basis for identifying locations where similar earthquake effects can be identified in future hazard assessment studies.
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Goldstein, Jason M., and Rebecca F. Goldstein. "BioMonitoring: A Key to Successful Environmental Compliance for Pipeline Construction—Cypress Pipeline Project: A Case Study." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64095.

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Southern Natural Gas Company (Southern), an El Paso Company, used BioMonitors to ensure full environmental compliance with the regulatory conditions associated with the construction of the Cypress Pipeline Project. The 167-mile Cypress Pipeline originates near Savannah, Georgia, and terminates west of Jacksonville, Florida. In preparation for construction of this project, Southern engaged in extensive consultation and negotiation with numerous federal, state, and local regulatory agencies. It became apparent during the consultation process that Southern would need a highly skilled biologist on-site during construction to fulfill the onerous conditions required by these agencies. Furthermore, specific state water quality permit conditions contained frequent sampling and reporting requirements that required specially-certified personnel. For these reasons, Southern used two BioMonitors (qualified on-site biologists with construction expertise) during construction who were dedicated to uphold the specialized environmental compliance program for the project. Herein, we illustrate this creative method for successfully negotiating contentious environmental issues and fully complying with the specialized environmental compliance conditions that frequently stem from sensitive agency consultation and intricate permit stipulations.
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Colwell, Paul J. "A 26 MW Gas Turbine Applied to a Three Casing Storage/Pipeline Compressor String." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-373.

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Union Gas, like many of the natural gas companies across Canada, has seen significant expansion of it’s compression and pipeline facilities in the past few years. Much of this expansion has been dedicated to the gas storage and transmission needs of the Eastern Canadian and American markets. With the capital costs of these facilities continually on the rise it is critical to ensure that each facility will yield maximum utility to the system for the proposed investment. Union Gas has a unique position within the Canadian gas industry as not only a major distribution company but also an operator of over 120 BCF of underground gas storage and a transmission pipeline system which is an integral part of the transCanadian gas supply infrastructure. Union’s transmission and storage system provides a vital link between the TransCanada PipeLines transmission system running through Northern Ontario and Central Michigan and several delivery points into the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada. The diverse nature of Union’s operating facilities dictate a system with two distinctively different modes of compression during the winter operating season. These modes being storage withdrawal, which is typically a high head low flow operation and pipeline transmission which is a low head high flow operation. Each of these modes require specific compressor performance designs which do not typically display the flexibility to be utilized in either mode. With system demands consistently on the increase it can be very difficult to maintain adequate backup in the event of a compressor plant outage; this is particularly evident’ when considering the different operating requirements at various locations in the system. In an effort to maximize the operational flexibility of a new facility, Union Gas has implemented a new design consisting of a triple case compressor train driven off a single engine gas turbine package. With the external unit piping configured for both series and parallel operation this new design can effectively duplicate all possible modes of operation in Union’s present operating system, for both storage withdrawal and pipeline transmission. This paper will discuss the extent of operational flexibility this system can offer and the various design concerns associated with this type of compression plant facility.
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Heydarzadeh, Zahra, and Jack Brouwer. "Investigation of Southern California Natural Gas Infrastructure to Transport and Store Hydrogen to Meet Electric Demand Based on a 100% Renewable Energy Portfolio." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16044.

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Abstract In this research, we utilize Southern California (SoCal) natural gas transmission pipelines and underground storage resources for transporting and storing hydrogen gas for a 100% renewable energy penetration. The goal is to determine to what extent natural gas infrastructure can be used to deliver and store hydrogen to meet SoCal electric demand for a 100% renewable energy portfolio. Hydrogen is produced from solar power generation using electrolysis next to the gas transmission pipelines whenever it is available in quantities greater than the electricity demand. It was found that using four main transmission pipelines owned by Southern California Gas company (SoCalGas) to transport hydrogen from the point of production to the four underground storage fields to store and later generate electricity through fuel cells can transport and store hydrogen sufficient to meet 40% of the SoCal electricity demand. That is, without any investment in additional transmission and distribution infrastructure, and without any investment in energy storage, the idea of building solar farms in the desert and using only the gas system for storage and transmission and distribution leads to a 40% increase in renewable electricity for the state.
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7

Gardner, Ben, Xiaofeng Guan, Ruth Ann Martin, and Jack Spain. "Hot Gas Filtration Meeting Turbine Requirements for Particulate Matter." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68925.

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The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is an engineering scale demonstration of advanced coal-fired power systems and high-temperature, high-pressure gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient scale so that advanced power systems and components can be tested in an integrated fashion to provide data for commercial scale-up. The PSDF is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, Southern Company Services, Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc. (KBR), Siemens-Westinghouse, and Peabody Energy. Gasification at the PSDF is based on KBR’s Transport Gasifier, which is an advanced circulating fluidized-bed gasifier. Hot gas filtration is a critical process in the gasification system to clean up the particulate matter before the synthesis gas (syngas) is fed to the turbine. A Siemens-Westinghouse particulate control device (PCD) is used for syngas cleanup. The PCD contains 91 candle-style filter elements. More than twenty types of filter elements, categorized as monolithic ceramic, composite ceramic, sintered-metal powder, and sintered-metal fiber, have been tested in the gasification environment at the PSDF. Up to January 2005, the longest exposure time for individual filters has been 5783 hours. The particulate loading in the clean syngas during most stable operating periods has been demonstrated to be consistently below 0.1 ppmw, which is the lower detection limit of Southern Research Institute’s sampling system. Safeguard devices (failsafes) have also been tested and developed at the PSDF. Failsafes are used to block the particulate leaking through the PCD in the case of filter element failure to eliminate damage to the turbine. Demonstration of reliable failsafes is a critical factor to the hot gas filtration technology. Several types of currently available failsafes and PSDF-developed failsafes have been tested in the PCD with gasification ash injection to simulate filter element leakage. A typical failsafe was also tested in a device equipped with a quick-open mechanism to simulate a complete filter failure during a test run operation. The testing showed promising results for certain types of failsafes. Further failsafe testing and better understanding of turbine requirements for particulate loading are needed to evaluate the PCD performance and increase readiness towards commercialization of the technology.
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8

Palacios, Ronald N., Steven S. Fan, Hansong Lee, and Michael A. Soto. "From Grease to Gas: Anaerobic Digestion of Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) at the Hyperion Treatment Plant." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54108.

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Anaerobic digestion of high-strength organic wastes, such as Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG) has become increasingly popular among wastewater treatment facilities in Southern California [1]. In 2010, the City of Los Angeles’ Hyperion Treatment Plant started running its own FOG Digestion Pilot Project. The project injects processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) into one of 16 anaerobic digesters at the facility. A partnership was formed between the Hyperion Treatment Plant (HTP) and Baker Commodities, Inc., a Grease rendering company located in the City of Vernon. They provide processed grease trap wastewater (FOG) to the pilot project. The plan was to load the digester with increasing amounts of FOG and observe the impact. The parameters monitored in the digester during the test are volatile acids, pH, alkalinity, temperature, and gas production in the digester. The pilot project’s objective was to obtain a 10 to 20% increase in gas production. So far those expectations have been exceeded.
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Howard, Nikia, Xiaofeng Guan, Ruth Ann Martin, Robert S. Dahlin, and E. Carl Landham. "Evaluation of Failsafe Performance for Hot Gas Filtration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27965.

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The Power Systems Development Facility (PSDF) is an engineering-scale demonstration facility of advanced coal-fired power systems and high-temperature, high-pressure gas filtration systems. The PSDF was designed at sufficient size so that system components can be evaluated and assessed in an integrated fashion to provide data for commercial scale-up. The PSDF is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, Southern Company, Siemens Power Generation, Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR), Peabody Energy, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation, and the Lignite Energy Council. Coal gasification at the PSDF is achieved with the KBR Transport Gasifier. Particulate laden gas exiting the gasifier is filtered by a downstream particulate control device (PCD). The PCD is a hot-gas filter that can hold up to 91 filter elements arranged in two tiers, with 36 elements in the top cluster and up to 55 elements in the bottom cluster. More than 30 different types of sintered metal powder, metal fiber, and ceramic filter elements have been tested. As of October 2006, the longest exposure of an individual element was approximately 8550 hours, which was achieved with a Pall iron aluminide sintered metal powder element. The outlet particle loading during normal operation has been reliably maintained within the lower limit of measurement resolution (routinely less than 0.1 ppmw). Downstream of each filter element is a failsafe device to prevent particulate leakage in the event of a filter element failure. The failsafe device is a small filter element or other type of particle collector and serves as a backup to the primary filter element. Demonstration of reliable failsafes is a critical factor in advancing hot gas filtration technology and increasing readiness for commercialization. A failsafe test program was developed at the PSDF to identify failsafe devices that would provide satisfactory protection of a gas turbine from particulate damage. In tests that simulated the failure of a single filter element, both metallic and ceramic failsafe devices were typically able to produce an outlet particle loading below 0.1 ppmw after an initial period of seasoning. From the overall particulate collection efficiency point of view, the failsafes tested showed promising results of protecting a gas turbine from being damaged by particles in the event of a filter failure. This paper focuses on failsafe performance and effectiveness in preventing particulate leaking through the PCD in the event of a filter element failure.
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Kelson, Keith I., Christopher S. Hitchcock, John N. Baldwin, James D. Hart, James C. Gamble, Chih-Hung Lee, and Frank Dauby. "Fault Rupture Assessments for High-Pressure Pipelines in the Southern San Francisco Bay Area, California." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0212.

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The San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults are major active faults that traverse the San Francisco Bay area in northern California, and may produce surface rupture during large earthquakes. We assessed the entire Pacific Gas & Electric Company natural gas transmission system in northern California, and identified several locations where primary pipelines cross these faults. The goal of this effort was to develop reasonable measures for mitigating fault-rupture hazards during the occurrence of various earthquake scenarios. Because fault creep (e.g., slow, progressive movement in the absence of large earthquakes) occurs at the pipeline fault crossings, we developed an innovative approach that accounts for the reduction in expected surface displacement, as a result of fault creep, during a large earthquake. In addition, we used recently developed data on the distribution of displacement across fault zones to provide likely scenarios of the seismic demand on each pipeline. Our overall approach involves (1) identifying primary, high-hazard fault crossings throughout the pipeline system, (2) delineating the location, width, and orientation of the active fault zone at specific fault-crossing sites, (3) characterizing the likely amount, direction, and distribution of expected surface fault displacement at these sites, (4) evaluating geotechnical soil conditions at the fault crossings, (5) modeling pipeline response, and (6) developing mitigation measures. At specific fault crossings, we documented fault locations, widths, and orientations on the basis of detailed field mapping and exploratory trenching. We estimated fault displacements based on expected earthquake magnitude, and then adjusted these values to account for the effects of fault creep at the ground surface. Fault creep decreases the amount of expected surface fault rupture, such that sites having high creep rates are expected to experience proportionally less surface displacement during a large earthquake. Lastly, we modeled the expected amount of surface offset to reflect the distribution of offset across the fault zone, based on data from historical surface ruptures throughout the world. Where specific fault crossings contain a single primary fault strand, we estimated that 85% of the total surface offset occurs on the main fault and the remainder occurs as secondary deformation. At sites where the pipeline crosses multiple active fault strands in a broad zone, we consider complex rupture distributions. Using this approach yields realistic, appropriately conservative estimates of surface displacement for assessing seismic demands on the pipelines.
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Reports on the topic "Southern Union Gas Company"

1

Author, Not Given. Demonstration of innovative applications of technology for the CT-121 FGD (flue gas desulfurization) process: A project proposed by Southern Company Services, Inc. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7077533.

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2

Hydrocarbon extraction gas chromatograph evaluation of cuttings and core chips (13760'-13820') of Union Oil Company of California Clam Gulch Unit #1. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/19141.

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