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Journal articles on the topic 'Southern Westerly Wind belt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Lamy, Frank, John C. H. Chiang, Gema Martínez-Méndez, et al. "Precession modulation of the South Pacific westerly wind belt over the past million years." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 47 (2019): 23455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905847116.

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The southern westerly wind belt (SWW) interacts with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and strongly impacts the Southern Ocean carbon budget, and Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics across glacial–interglacial cycles. We investigated precipitation-driven sediment input changes to the Southeast Pacific off the southern margin of the Atacama Desert over the past one million years, revealing strong precession (19/23-ka) cycles. Our simulations with 2 ocean–atmosphere general circulation models suggest that observed cyclic rainfall changes are linked to meridional shifts in water vapor transport from the

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2

Lamy, Frank, Rolf Kilian, Helge W. Arz, et al. "Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt." Nature Geoscience 3, no. 10 (2010): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo959.

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3

Glowienka-Hense, Rita, Andreas Hense, and Christoph Völker. "ECMWF versus Hellermann & Rosenstein stress climatology of the Southern Ocean." Antarctic Science 4, no. 1 (1992): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000178.

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A time series of wind stresses computed from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) wind data is compared to the climatology of Hellermann & Rosenstein (HR) for the Southern Hemisphere. ECMWF stresses are generally stronger, especially in the westerly belt. However they have an overall lower meridional component than the HR data. The dominance of the half annual cycle relative to the annual wave in the zonal stress at middle to high latitudes, which is documented for independent data sets, is seen in the ECMWF but not in the HR data. ECMWF winds are also compared with me

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4

Koffman, B. G., K. J. Kreutz, D. J. Breton, et al. "Centennial-scale variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt in the eastern Pacific over the past two millennia." Climate of the Past 10, no. 3 (2014): 1125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1125-2014.

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Abstract. We present the first high-resolution (sub-annual) dust particle data set from West Antarctica, developed from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core (79.468° S, 112.086° W), and use it to reconstruct changes in atmospheric circulation over the past 2400 years. We find a background dust flux of ~4 mg m−2 year−1 and a mode particle size of 5–8 μm diameter. Through comparing the WAIS Divide record with other Antarctic ice core particle records, we observe that coastal and lower-elevation sites have higher dust fluxes and coarser particle size distributions (PSDs) than

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Kilian, Rolf, Frank Lamy, and Helge Arz. "Late Quaternary variations of the southern westerly wind belt and its influences on aquatic ecosystems and glacier extend within the southernmost Andes." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 164, no. 2 (2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2013/0027.

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6

Koffman, B. G., K. J. Kreutz, D. J. Breton, et al. "Centennial-scale shifts in the position of the Southern Hemisphere westerly wind belt over the past millennium." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 3 (2013): 3125–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3125-2013.

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Abstract. We present the first high-resolution (sub-annual) dust particle dataset from West Antarctica, developed from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core (79.468° S, 112.086° W), and use it to reconstruct past atmospheric circulation. We find a background dust flux of ∼4 mg m−2 yr−1 and a mode particle size of 5–8 μm diameter. Through comparison with other Antarctic ice core particle records, we observe that coastal and lower-elevation sites have higher dust fluxes and coarser particle size distributions (PSDs) than sites on the East Antarctic plateau, suggesting input fr

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7

Kanemaru, Kaya, and Hirohiko Masunaga. "The Potential Roles of Background Surface Wind in the SST Variability Associated with Intraseasonal Oscillations." Journal of Climate 27, no. 18 (2014): 7053–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00774.1.

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Abstract The current study is aimed at exploring the potential roles of the seasonally altering background surface wind in the seasonality of the intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) with a focus on the sea surface temperature (SST) variability. A composite analysis of the ocean mixed layer heat budget in term of ISO phases with various satellite data is performed for boreal winter and summer. The scalar wind is found to be a dominant factor that accounts for the ocean surface heat budget, implying that the background surface wind as well as its anomaly is important for the SST variability. An ea

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Browne, Imogen M., Christopher M. Moy, Christina R. Riesselman, et al. "Late Holocene intensification of the westerly winds at the subantarctic Auckland Islands (51° S), New Zealand." Climate of the Past 13, no. 10 (2017): 1301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1301-2017.

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Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWWs) play a major role in controlling wind-driven upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and outgassing of CO2 in the Southern Ocean, on interannual to glacial–interglacial timescales. Despite their significance in the global carbon cycle, our understanding of millennial- and centennial-scale changes in the strength and latitudinal position of the westerlies during the Holocene (especially since 5000 yr BP) is limited by a scarcity of palaeoclimate records from comparable latitudes. Here, we reconstruct middle to late Holocene SHWW variabi

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9

Klinger, Barry A., and Carlos Cruz. "Decadal Response of Global Circulation to Southern Ocean Zonal Wind Stress Perturbation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 8 (2009): 1888–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4070.1.

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Abstract A substantial component of North Atlantic Deep Water formation may be driven by westerly wind stress over the Southern Ocean. Variability of this wind stress on decadal time scales may lead to circulation variability far from the forcing region. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), a numerical ocean model, is used to investigate the spatial patterns and the time scales associated with such wind variability. The evolution of circulation and density anomalies is observed by comparing one 80-yr simulation, forced in part by relatively strong Southern Hemisphere westerlies, with a s

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10

Razik, Sebastian, Cristiano M. Chiessi, Oscar E. Romero, and Tilo von Dobeneck. "Interaction of the South American Monsoon System and the Southern Westerly Wind Belt during the last 14kyr." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 374 (March 2013): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.022.

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11

Langlais, Clothilde E., Stephen R. Rintoul, and Jan D. Zika. "Sensitivity of Antarctic Circumpolar Current Transport and Eddy Activity to Wind Patterns in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 4 (2015): 1051–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0053.1.

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AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have intensified in recent decades associated with a positive trend in the southern annular mode (SAM). However, the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport and eddy field to wind forcing remains a topic of debate. This study uses global eddy-permitting ocean circulation models driven with both idealized and realistic wind forcing to explore the response to interannual wind strengthening. The response of the barotropic and baroclinic transports and eddy field of the ACC is found to depend on the spatial pattern of the changes

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12

Maldonado, Antonio, and Carolina Villagrán. "Climate variability over the last 9900 cal yr BP from a swamp forest pollen record along the semiarid coast of Chile." Quaternary Research 66, no. 2 (2006): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2006.04.003.

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AbstractWe present a fossil pollen analysis from a swamp forest in the semiarid coast of Chile (32°05′S; 71°30′W), at the northern influence zone of southern westerly wind belt. A ∼10,000 cal yr BP (calendar years before 1950) palynological sequence indicates a humid phase characterized by dense swamp forest taxa dated between ∼9900 and 8700 cal yr BP. The presence of pollen-starved sediments with only scant evidence for semiarid vegetation indicates that extreme aridity ensued until ∼5700 cal yr BP. The swamp forest recovered slowly afterwards, helped by a significant increase in moisture at

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13

Jiang, Qingfang, Alex Reinecke, and James D. Doyle. "Orographic Wave Drag over the Southern Ocean: A Linear Theory Perspective." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 4235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0035.1.

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Abstract Recent studies suggest that stratospheric wind biases in global and climate models in the Southern Hemisphere may result from insufficient orographic wave drag, particularly over the Southern Ocean in the latitude belt centered near 60°S. In this study, contributions to the stratospheric wave drag along 60°S from three neighboring orographic wave sources are evaluated using a multiple-layer linear wave model with large-scale wind and stratification profiles derived from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) between the years 1991 and 2010. The orographic wave sources include the

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14

Korolevych, Volodymyr Y., and Richard B. Richardson. "Hodographs of Slowly Rotating Winds in Midlatitudes." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 9 (2015): 1847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0300.1.

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AbstractTrend analysis of hourly wind direction angle recorded at nine meteorological stations across southern Canada (in the 43°–53°N belt) identified wind direction rotation periods in the range of 7–9 days. Rotation persists during the “summertime” season from May to mid-October during 1953–2001. Rotation with a 7.5-day period was also established in the 850-hPa geostrophic summertime wind over the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in 2000. Hodographs built from wind vectors corresponding to consecutive days of the 7.5-day period (summertime average vectors of winds binned into separate day

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15

Durgadoo, Jonathan V., Benjamin R. Loveday, Chris J. C. Reason, Pierrick Penven, and Arne Biastoch. "Agulhas Leakage Predominantly Responds to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 10 (2013): 2113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-047.1.

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Abstract The Agulhas Current plays a crucial role in the thermohaline circulation through its leakage into the South Atlantic Ocean. Under both past and present climates, the trade winds and westerlies could have the ability to modulate the amount of Indian–Atlantic inflow. Compelling arguments have been put forward suggesting that trade winds alone have little impact on the magnitude of Agulhas leakage. Here, employing three ocean models for robust analysis—a global coarse-resolution, a regional eddy-permitting, and a nested high-resolution eddy-resolving configuration—and systematically alte

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16

Döös, K. "The wind-driven overturning circulation of the World Ocean." Ocean Science Discussions 2, no. 5 (2005): 473–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-2-473-2005.

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Abstract. The wind driven aspects of the meridional overturning circulation of the world ocean and the Conveyor Belt is studied making use of a simple analytical model. The model consists of three reduced gravity layers with an inviscid Sverdrupian interior and a western boundary layer. The net north-south exchange is made possible by setting appropriate western boundary conditions, so that most of the transport is confined to the western boundary layer, while the interior is the Sverdrupian solution to the wind stress. The flow across the equator is made possible by the change of potential vo

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17

Lambert, F., M. Bigler, J. P. Steffensen, M. Hutterli, and H. Fischer. "Centennial mineral dust variability in high-resolution ice core data from Dome C, Antarctica." Climate of the Past 8, no. 2 (2012): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-609-2012.

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Abstract. Ice core data from Antarctica provide detailed insights into the characteristics of past climate, atmospheric circulation, as well as changes in the aerosol load of the atmosphere. We present high-resolution records of soluble calcium (Ca2+), non-sea-salt soluble calcium (nssCa2+), and particulate mineral dust aerosol from the East Antarctic Plateau at a depth resolution of 1 cm, spanning the past 800 000 years. Despite the fact that all three parameters are largely dust-derived, the ratio of nssCa2+ to particulate dust is dependent on the particulate dust concentration itself. We us

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18

Lamy, Frank, Dierk Hebbeln, and Gerold Wefer. "High-Resolution Marine Record of Climatic Change in Mid-latitude Chile during the Last 28,000 Years Based on Terrigenous Sediment Parameters." Quaternary Research 51, no. 1 (1999): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.2010.

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AbstractMarine sediment cores from the continental slope off mid-latitude Chile (33°S) were studied with regard to grain-size distributions and clay mineral composition. The data provide a 28,000-yr14C accelerator mass spectrometry-dated record of variations in the terrigenous sediment supply reflecting modifications of weathering conditions and sediment source areas in the continental hinterland. These variations can be interpreted in terms of the paleoclimatic evolution of mid-latitude Chile and are compared to existing terrestrial records. Glacial climates (28,000–18,000 cal yr B.P.) were g

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Wang, Chenghai, Kai Yang, Yiling Li, Di Wu, and Yue Bo. "Impacts of Spatiotemporal Anomalies of Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China." Journal of Climate 30, no. 3 (2017): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0041.1.

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Abstract Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow cover undergoes significant temporal and spatial variations during the winter and spring months. This study investigates the relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of winter–spring snow cover (SC) over the TP and summer precipitation in eastern China (EC) using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Four simulation experiments are designed to validate the results of SVD analysis. Both observations and simulations show that heavier snow cover in the southern TP leads to more rainfall in the Yangtze River basin and northeastern China, and

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20

Chen, Yongren, Yueqing Li, and Tianliang Zhao. "Cause Analysis on Eastward Movement of Southwest China Vortex and Its Induced Heavy Rainfall in South China." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/481735.

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The movement of southwest China vortex (SWV) and its heavy rainfall process in South China had been investigated during June 11–14, 2008. The results show that under the steering of upper-level jet (ULJ) and mid-level westerly trough, SWV moved eastward from southern Sichuan Plateau, across eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to South China, forming an obvious heavy rain belt. SWV developed in the large storm-relative helicity (SRH) environment, as environmental wind field continuously transferred positive vorticity to it to support its development. The thermodynamic structures of distinctive warm

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Bracegirdle, Thomas J., Patrick Hyder, and Caroline R. Holmes. "CMIP5 Diversity in Southern Westerly Jet Projections Related to Historical Sea Ice Area: Strong Link to Strengthening and Weak Link to Shift." Journal of Climate 31, no. 1 (2017): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0320.1.

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Abstract A major feature of projected changes in Southern Hemisphere climate under future scenarios of increased greenhouse gas concentrations is the poleward shift and strengthening of the main eddy-driven belt of midlatitude, near-surface westerly winds (the westerly jet). However, there is large uncertainty in projected twenty-first-century westerly jet changes across different climate models. Here models from the World Climate Research Programme’s phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were evaluated to assess linkages between diversity in simulated sea ice area (SIA)

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Stager, J. C., P. A. Mayewski, J. White, et al. "Precipitation variability in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa during the last 1400 yr linked to the austral westerlies." Climate of the Past 8, no. 3 (2012): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-877-2012.

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Abstract. The austral westerlies strongly influence precipitation and ocean circulation in the southern temperate zone, with important consequences for cultures and ecosystems. Global climate models anticipate poleward retreat of the austral westerlies with future warming, but the available paleoclimate records that might test these models have been limited to South America and New Zealand, are not fully consistent with each other and may be complicated by influences from other climatic factors. Here we present the first high-resolution diatom and sedimentological records from the winter rainf

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Schmale, Julia, Andrea Baccarini, Iris Thurnherr, et al. "Overview of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and Their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE)." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 11 (2019): 2260–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0187.1.

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AbstractUncertainty in radiative forcing caused by aerosol–cloud interactions is about twice as large as for CO2 and remains the least well understood anthropogenic contribution to climate change. A major cause of uncertainty is the poorly quantified state of aerosols in the pristine preindustrial atmosphere, which defines the baseline against which anthropogenic effects are calculated. The Southern Ocean is one of the few remaining near-pristine aerosol environments on Earth, but there are very few measurements to help evaluate models. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Prein

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Zinke, Jens, Lars Reuning, Miriam Pfeiffer, et al. "A sea surface temperature reconstruction for the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt from corals in Rodrigues Island (19° S, 63° E)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 20 (2016): 5827–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5827-2016.

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Abstract. The western Indian Ocean has been warming rapidly over recent decades, causing a greater number of extreme climatic events. It is therefore of paramount importance to improve our understanding of links between Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability, climate change and sustainability of tropical coral reef ecosystems. Here we present monthly resolved coral Sr ∕ Ca records from two different locations from Rodrigues Island (63° E, 19° S) in the south-central Indian Ocean trade wind belt. We reconstruct SST based on a linear relationship with the Sr ∕ Ca proxy with recor

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Galbraith, Eric D., Eun Young Kwon, Anand Gnanadesikan, et al. "Climate Variability and Radiocarbon in the CM2Mc Earth System Model." Journal of Climate 24, no. 16 (2011): 4230–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3919.1.

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Abstract The distribution of radiocarbon (14C) in the ocean and atmosphere has fluctuated on time scales ranging from seasons to millennia. It is thought that these fluctuations partly reflect variability in the climate system, offering a rich potential source of information to help understand mechanisms of past climate change. Here, a long simulation with a new, coupled model is used to explore the mechanisms that redistribute 14C within the earth system on interannual to centennial time scales. The model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2 (GFDL CM2) with Modul

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Daley, T. J., D. Mauquoy, F. M. Chambers, et al. "Investigating late Holocene variations in hydroclimate and the stable isotope composition of precipitation using southern South American peatlands: an hypothesis." Climate of the Past 8, no. 5 (2012): 1457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1457-2012.

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Abstract. Ombrotrophic raised peatlands provide an ideal archive for integrating late Holocene records of variations in hydroclimate and the estimated stable isotope composition of precipitation with recent instrumental measurements. Modern measurements of mean monthly surface air temperature, precipitation, and δD and δ18O-values in precipitation from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide a short but invaluable record with which to investigate modern relationships between these variables, thereby enabling improved interpretation of the peatland palaeodata. Stable isotope

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Daley, T. J., D. Mauquoy, and F. M. Chambers. "Investigating late Holocene variations in hydroclimate and the stable isotope composition of precipitation using southern South American peatlands: a hypothesis." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 1 (2012): 595–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-595-2012.

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Abstract. Ombrotrophic raised peatlands provide an ideal archive for integrating late Holocene records of variations in hydroclimate and the estimated stable isotope composition of precipitation with recent instrumental measurements. Modern measurements of mean monthly surface air temperature, precipitation and δD and δ18O values in precipitation from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide a short but invaluable record with which to investigate modern relationships between these variables, thereby enabling improved interpretation of the peatland palaeodata. Data from two s

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de Vos, A., C. B. Pattiaratchi, and E. M. S. Wijeratne. "Surface circulation and upwelling patterns around Sri Lanka." Biogeosciences 11, no. 20 (2014): 5909–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5909-2014.

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Abstract. Sri Lanka occupies a unique location within the equatorial belt in the northern Indian Ocean, with the Arabian Sea on its western side and the Bay of Bengal on its eastern side, and experiences bi-annually reversing monsoon winds. Aggregations of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) have been observed along the southern coast of Sri Lanka during the northeast (NE) monsoon, when satellite imagery indicates lower productivity in the surface waters. This study explored elements of the dynamics of the surface circulation and coastal upwelling in the waters around Sri Lanka using satellite

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Zhu, J., A. Lücke, H. Wissel, et al. "Climate history of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies belt during the last glacial-interglacial transition revealed from lake water oxygen isotope reconstruction of Laguna Potrok Aike (52° S, Argentina)." Climate of the Past Discussions 10, no. 3 (2014): 2417–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-10-2417-2014.

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Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHW) play a crucial role in the large-scale ocean circulation and global carbon cycling. Accordingly, the reconstruction of its latitudinal position and intensity is essential for understanding global climatic fluctuations during the last glacial cycle. The southernmost part of the South American continent is of great importance for paleoclimate studies as the only continental mass intersecting a large part of the SHW belt. However, continuous proxy records back to the last Glacial are rare in southern Patagonia, owing to the Patagonian Ice She

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Coviaga, Corina, Gabriela Cusminsky, Alejandra Patricia Pérez, Antje Schwalb, Vera Markgraf, and Daniel Ariztegui. "Paleoenvironmental changes during the last 3000 years in Lake Cari-Laufquen (Northern Patagonia, Argentina), inferred from ostracod paleoecology, petrophysical, sedimentological and geochemical data." Holocene 28, no. 12 (2018): 1881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618798131.

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South American paleoreconstructions are of global interest because it is the only landmass extending from the tropics to the southern high latitudes and intersecting the entire southern westerly wind belt. In this context, endorheic environments, as Lake Cari-Laufquen Grande (LCLG; 41º35’S, 69º25’W) are excellent sites for paleoenvironmental studies, since they react rapidly to changes in the precipitation/evaporation ratio. In this study, the limnological conditions prevailing during the last 3000 years have been inferred based on a multiproxy analysis of the sedimentary sequence of LCLG (wat

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Zhao, Yu, Liang Fu, Cheng-Fang Yang, and Xiang-Fu Chen. "Case Study of a Heavy Snowstorm Associated with an Extratropical Cyclone Featuring a Back-Bent Warm Front Structure." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (2020): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121272.

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An extreme snowstorm event that occurred over Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces on 24–26 November 2013 was related to a cyclone characterized by a back-bent occluded front structure. This study investigates the structure of the back-bent occluded front and snowfall mechanism using multiple observations and NCEP/NCAR 1° × 1° reanalysis data in concert with the HYSPLIT model. The main results show that the extreme event was more synoptically governed by the outbreak of the polar vortex and moisture anomaly of the East Sea. The cyclone occurred just ahead of the 500-hPa merged deep trough, and the

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Richter, Jadwiga H., and Philip J. Rasch. "Effects of Convective Momentum Transport on the Atmospheric Circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3." Journal of Climate 21, no. 7 (2008): 1487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1789.1.

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Abstract Transport of momentum by convection is an important process affecting global circulation. Owing to the lack of global observations, the quantification of the impact of this process on the tropospheric climate is difficult. Here an implementation of two convective momentum transport parameterizations, presented by Schneider and Lindzen and Gregory et al., in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3) is presented, and their effect on global climate is examined in detail. An analysis of the tropospheric zonal momentum budget reveals that convective momentum transport affects tropo

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Sottile, G. D., M. E. Echeverria, M. V. Mancini, M. M. Bianchi, M. A. Marcos, and F. P. Bamonte. "Eastern Andean environmental and climate synthesis for the last 2000 years BP from terrestrial pollen and charcoal records of Patagonia." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 3 (2015): 2121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-2121-2015.

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Abstract. The Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds (SWW) constitute an important zonal circulation system that dominates the dynamics of Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude climate. Little is known about climatic changes in the Southern South America in comparison to the Northern Hemisphere due to the low density of proxy records, and adequate chronology and sampling resolution to address environmental changes of the last 2000 years. Since 2009, new pollen and charcoal records from bog and lakes in northern and southern Patagonia at the east side of the Andes have been published with an adequate ca

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Zhang, Y., S. Tao, J. Ma, and S. Simonich. "Transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene emitted from Asia: importance of warm conveyor belt and interannual variations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (2011): 18979–9009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-18979-2011.

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Abstract. A global-scale three dimensional atmospheric transport and chemistry model was applied to simulate transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) emitted from Asia. The model results were compared with observations at six monitoring sites. The annual mean and seasonal variation of transport patterns and the contributions of different Asian source regions to transpacific transport flux were investigated. The episodic nature of transpacific transport was also systematically explored. Interannual variability of transpacific transport of BaP was also assessed during the period of 1948–20

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Schwitalla, Thomas, Hans-Stefan Bauer, Volker Wulfmeyer, and Kirsten Warrach-Sagi. "Continuous high-resolution midlatitude-belt simulations for July–August 2013 with WRF." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 5 (2017): 2031–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2031-2017.

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Abstract. Increasing computational resources and the demands of impact modelers, stake holders, and society envision seasonal and climate simulations with the convection-permitting resolution. So far such a resolution is only achieved with a limited-area model whose results are impacted by zonal and meridional boundaries. Here, we present the setup of a latitude-belt domain that reduces disturbances originating from the western and eastern boundaries and therefore allows for studying the impact of model resolution and physical parameterization. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

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Marosz, Michał, and Krzysztof Kożuchowski. "Geostrophic wind variability in the 50–60°N zone over Europe: the role of mid-troposphere atmospheric circulation macro-forms." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 16, no. 1 (2019): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2019-0004.

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Abstract Circulation in the mid-troposphere in moderate and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere can be characterised by the Vangenheim-Girs (VG) circulation macro-forms. The aim of the research was to analyse the VG macro-forms as a factor determining the general characteristics of the atmospheric circulation in mid-troposphere in the Euro-Atlantic region and low-troposphere airflow characteristics in the profile (zonal belt) crossing Central Europe from Ireland to Kazan in Russia (5°30’W–44°00’E). Alongside the VG macro-form calendar, ERA-INTERIM data were used. The utilised meteorologi

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Fadnavis, S., K. Semeniuk, M. G. Schultz, et al. "Transport pathways of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from different monsoon systems during the summer monsoon season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 14 (2014): 20159–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-20159-2014.

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Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon involves complex transport patterns with large scale redistribution of trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We employ the global chemistry–climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ in order to evaluate the transport pathways and the contributions of nitrogen oxide reservoir species PAN, NOx, and HNO3 from various monsoon regions, to the UTLS over Southern Asia and vice versa. The model is evaluated with trace gas retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-E) and aircraft campaigns during the monsoon s

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Zhang, Y., S. Tao, J. Ma, and S. Simonich. "Transpacific transport of benzo[a]pyrene emitted from Asia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 23 (2011): 11993–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11993-2011.

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Abstract. A global-scale three dimensional atmospheric transport and chemistry model was applied to simulate transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) emitted from Asia. The model results were compared with observations at six monitoring sites. The annual mean and seasonal variation of transport patterns and the contributions of different Asian source regions to transpacific transport flux were investigated. The episodic nature of transpacific transport was also systematically explored. Interannual variability of transpacific transport of BaP was also assessed during the period of 1948–20

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Fadnavis, S., K. Semeniuk, M. G. Schultz, et al. "Transport pathways of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from different monsoon systems during the summer monsoon season." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 11 (2015): 15087–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-15087-2015.

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Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon involves complex transport patterns with large scale redistribution of trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We employ the global chemistry-climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ in order to evaluate the transport pathways and the contributions of nitrogen oxide species PAN, NOx, and HNO3 from various monsoon regions, to the UTLS over Southern Asia and vice versa. Simulated long term seasonal mean mixing ratios are compared with trace gas retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding aboard ENVISAT(MIPAS-E) a

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Yuan, Z., Y. K. Qian, J. Wu, and J. Qi. "The basic mechanism behind the hurricane-free warm tropical ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 1 (2010): 1957–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-1957-2010.

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Abstract. No hurricane is detected in the tropics off the Brazilian coast due to the lack of initial conditions (e.g., the weak vertical shear of horizontal wind) despite that high sea surface temperature is available. According to previous studies, the initial conditions (as the ingredients of hurricane's embryo) are related so that the thick warm-and-moist layer (due to the updraft vapour) below a cold-and-dry layer frames the convective instability which enhances diabatic processes accompanied by tropical cyclones with the weak vertical shear. So the basic question is how, starting with an

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Boettcher, Maxi, Andreas Schäfler, Michael Sprenger, et al. "Lagrangian matches between observations from aircraft, lidar and radar in a warm conveyor belt crossing orography." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5477–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5477-2021.

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Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important airstreams in extratropical cyclones, often leading to the formation of intense precipitation and the amplification of upper-level ridges. This study presents a case study that involves aircraft, lidar and radar observations in a WCB ascending from western Europe towards the Baltic Sea during the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) and T-NAWDEX-Falcon in October 2012, a preparatory campaign for the THORPEX North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (T-NAWDEX). Trajectories were used to link different obser

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Liang, Wendong, Eduardo Garzanti, Sergio Andò, Paolo Gentile, and Alberto Resentini. "Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)." Minerals 9, no. 8 (2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080457.

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As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, the Thal Desert in northern Pakistan stores mineralogical information useful to trace erosion patterns across the western Himalayan syntaxis and the adjacent orogenic segments that fed detritus into the Indus delta and huge deep-sea fan throughout the Neogene. Provenance analysis of Thal Desert sand was carried out by applying optical and semi-automated Raman spectroscopy on heavy-mineral suites of four eolian and 11 fluvial sand samples collected in selected tributaries draining on

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Dima, Ioana M., and John M. Wallace. "Structure of the Annual-Mean Equatorial Planetary Waves in the ERA-40 Reanalyses." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 8 (2007): 2862–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3985.1.

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The three-dimensional structure of the annual-mean equatorial planetary waves in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is documented. The features in the free atmosphere are predominantly equatorially symmetric, driven by east–west heating gradients. The geopotential height and wind perturbations are strongest at or just below the 150-hPa level. Below the level of maximum amplitude, the circulations in the waves are thermally direct with latent heat release in deep convective clouds and radiative cooling in the intervening cloud-free regions. Within the overlying capping layer, the wave-related

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Downes, Stephanie M., Clothilde Langlais, Jordan P. Brook, and Paul Spence. "Regional Impacts of the Westerly Winds on Southern Ocean Mode and Intermediate Water Subduction." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 10 (2017): 2521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0106.1.

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AbstractSubduction processes in the Southern Ocean transfer oxygen, heat, and anthropogenic carbon into the ocean interior. The future response of upper-ocean subduction, in the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) classes, is dependent on the evolution of the combined surface buoyancy forcing and overlying westerly wind stress. Here, the recently observed pattern of a poleward intensification of the westerly winds is divided into its shift and increase components. SAMW and AAIW formation occurs in regional “hot spots” in deep mixed layer zones, primarily in t

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Grise, Kevin M., and David W. J. Thompson. "Equatorial Planetary Waves and Their Signature in Atmospheric Variability." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0123.1.

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Abstract Equatorial planetary waves are a fundamental component of the tropical climate system. Previous studies have examined their structure in the climatological-mean circulation, their role in the climatological-mean momentum balance of the tropics, and their contribution to the climatological-mean upwelling across the tropical tropopause. In this study, the authors focus on the contribution of the equatorial planetary waves to variability in the tropical circulation about its climatological-mean state. The equatorial planetary waves that dominate the climatological mean exhibit considerab

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Sokolikhina, E. V., E. K. Semenov, and N. N. Sokolikhina. "The atmospheric circulation on the synoptic scale during the culmination phase of the El-Niño − Southern Oscillation events (1997−1998)." Advances in Geosciences 6 (January 9, 2006): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-6-17-2006.

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Abstract. For the classification of the synoptic processes in the tropical Pacific using daily data, criteria were proposed for identifying the different evolutional phases of the equatorial westerly wind zone. The criteria are based on the location, extent and activity of the westerly wind zone on the 850 hPa isobaric surface. According to this classification all the observed variants of the westerly wind regime above the tropical Pacific can be divided into three classes: normal, active, and break. For each class one specific pattern of tropical atmospheric circulation centers and divergent

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Sijp, Willem P., and Matthew H. England. "Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind Control over the Ocean's Thermohaline Circulation." Journal of Climate 22, no. 5 (2009): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2310.1.

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Abstract The effect of the position of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerly winds (SWWs) on the thermohaline circulation (THC) of the World Ocean is examined. The latitudes of zero wind stress curl position exert a strong control on the distribution of overturning between basins in the Northern Hemisphere. A southward wind shift results in a stronger Atlantic THC and enhanced stratification in the North Pacific, whereas a northward wind shift leads to a significantly reduced Atlantic THC and the development of vigorous sinking (up to 1500-m depth) in the North Pacific. In other words, the

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Lin, Xia, Xiaoming Zhai, Zhaomin Wang, and David R. Munday. "Mean, Variability, and Trend of Southern Ocean Wind Stress: Role of Wind Fluctuations." Journal of Climate 31, no. 9 (2018): 3557–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0481.1.

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The Southern Ocean (SO) surface westerly wind stress plays a fundamental role in driving the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the global meridional overturning circulation. Here, the authors investigate the contributions of atmospheric wind fluctuations to the mean, variability, and trend of SO wind stress over the last four decades using NCEP reanalysis and ERA-Interim products. Including wind variability at synoptic frequencies (2–8 days) and higher in the stress calculation is found to increase the strength of the mean SO wind stress by almost 40% in both reanalysis products. The southern

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Turney, C. S. M., R. T. Jones, C. Fogwill, et al. "A 250-year periodicity in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the last 2600 years." Climate of the Past 12, no. 2 (2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-189-2016.

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Abstract. Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow has a significant influence on the ocean–atmosphere system of the mid- to high latitudes with potentially global climate implications. Unfortunately, historic observations only extend back to the late 19th century, limiting our understanding of multi-decadal to centennial change. Here we present a highly resolved (30-year) record of past westerly wind strength from a Falkland Islands peat sequence spanning the last 2600 years. Situated within the core latitude of Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow (the so-called furious fifties), we identify hig

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Zuo, Meng, Wenmin Man, Tianjun Zhou, and Zhun Guo. "Different Impacts of Northern, Tropical, and Southern Volcanic Eruptions on the Tropical Pacific SST in the Last Millennium." Journal of Climate 31, no. 17 (2018): 6729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0571.1.

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The impact of northern, tropical, and southern volcanic eruptions on the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and the different response mechanisms arising due to differences in the volcanic forcing structure are investigated using the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). Analysis of the simulations indicates that the Pacific features a significant El Niño–like SST anomaly 5–10 months after northern and tropical eruptions, and with a weaker such tendency after southern eruptions, possibly reflective of the weaker magnitude of these eruptions. The Niño-3 index peak

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