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Journal articles on the topic 'Soviets in Afghanistan (1979-1989)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Ali, Imran, and Xiaochuan Dong. "The New Battlefield: The Hidden History of U.S Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p18.

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<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">The United States foreign policy has been characterized as a long and zigzag history since the beginning of America in the late eighteenth century. This vital study is a part of this long history. During 1979 Soviets invaded Afghanistan and a Soviet-Afghan War was born, American’s major influence was to be towards this region and reforms in their foreign policy to expel the Soviets from Afghanistan. It took place between 1979 and 1989 about a decade. This study seeks to answer the following questions: “Which were the U.S key foreign policy in the con

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2

Kovalkov, O. "THE ATTITUDES OF AFGHAN STUDENTS IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR TO THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN AND WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS (1979 – 1989)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.6.

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The article examines the political views of Afghan students studying in the Ukrainian SSR and their attitude towards the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and the withdrawal of Soviet troops from that country. The sources of the study were KGB analytical reports from the Branch Archive of the Ukrainian Security Service, documents of educational institutions in Kirovohrad where Afghans studied, from the State Archives of Kirovohrad region, texts of the Soviet-Afghan educational cooperation agreements, notices and diary records of the USSR ambassador in Afghanistan and other Soviet officials on

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Ventevogel, Peter, Ruhullah Nassery, Sayed Azimi, and Hafizullah Faiz. "Psychiatry in Afghanistan." International Psychiatry 3, no. 2 (2006): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001594.

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Afghanistan's historic strategic position between the great civilisations of India, Persia and Central Asia has made it from the very beginning both a crossroads for trade and cultural exchange and an almost continuous battlefield. In the years since the Soviet invasion in 1979 the country has become the stage of an ongoing complex humanitarian emergency. The period of Soviet occupation was characterised by massive human rights violations. The Soviet army and its allies were involved in indiscriminate bombardments and targeted executions, while the mujahedeen were involved in guerrilla warfare

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Ali Mustafa, Aram, and Goran Ibrahim Salih. "The Impact of Ocupation and Soviet-American Conflict On Afghanistan (1979-1989)." Halabja University Journal 5, no. 2 (2016): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10298.

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AL-MUGHAIRI, Alghalia Salim. "POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SOVIET UNION AND AFGHANISTAN SOVIET OCCUPATION OF AFGHANISTAN 1979-1989 AD AS A MODEL." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 07 (2021): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.7-3.19.

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The research deals with the study of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan during the period from 1979 to 1989 as an example of the political relations between the Soviet Union and Afghanistan, where the world witnessed the outbreak of the Cold War between the two poles: the Soviet Union and the United States of America after the end of World War II in 1945 AD, and both of these two great powers were keen to highlight Its dominance in various aspects, especially the military, and this war received strong and strict international reactions, and the United States of America was one of the most pr

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Saldanha-Alvarez, Jose Mauricio. "War in Afghanistan: Europe and America, between Films and Documentaries. 1979-2014." Asian Culture and History 9, no. 1 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v9n1p26.

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This research looks at the Afghanistan War from the Soviet invasion of 1979 until the withdrawal of North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 2014 through films chosen. This research demonstrates how the Soviets, supported by the USA and the Muslim world, operated on misconceptions during an insurrectional conflict against the Mujahedin. After September 11, the Bush-Cheney administration invaded Afghanistan, restricting the informative role of the corporate media system. According to Kellner, this action triggered a creative revolution in American cinema. Turning to the production of documentaries

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Ali, Imran, and Xiaochuan Dong. "The Revenge Game: U.S Foreign Policy During Afghan-Soviet War and Afghan-Pakistan Falling Into Hell." Asian Social Science 11, no. 27 (2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n27p43.

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<p>The U.S Foreign policy during the Soviets encroachment of Afghanistan at the height of Cold War has been evaluated, as well as its negative effects in Afghanistan-Pakistan (Af-Pak). During 1979, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) landed on Afghanistan in order to secure Warm Water Ports and Persian Gulf Oil. (This was called as the “Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan”). By having this situation, The U.S government established a mission in Afghanistan which consisted on two main purposes. One of them was to stand against the invasion of Afghanistan provoked by U.S.S.R. and the s

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8

Dziwisz, Marcin. "Elementy kultury trzeciej oraz realia wojny afgańskiej w rosyjskim w przekładzie utworu Żmija Andrzeja Sapkowskiego." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 3, no. XXIV (2019): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.4665.

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This text focuses on the issue of war in Afghanistan from 1979–1989 and its realities. The lexicon associated with the everyday life of Afghanistan civilians and Soviet soldiers was analysed. The observations indicate that additional information appears more often in the translated text, which makes it much more transparent for the final recipient. This fact was confirmed by the statistical data, only one footnote can be found in the Polish text and 173 in the Russian text.

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9

Duffy Toft, Monica. "Death by demography: 1979 as a turning point in the disintegration of the Soviet Union." International Area Studies Review 17, no. 2 (2014): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865914535597.

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The 1979 census conducted across the vast expanse of the Soviet Union revealed that the make-up of the country’s population had undergone enormous change. The census recorded low birth-rates among the Slavic population relative to their Central Asian compatriots, among other trends. The results were worrisome to Soviet planners in that they feared that these domestic population trends were going to undermine the country’s power. At the same time, Soviets faced the defeat of communist allies in Afghanistan at the hands of fighters beholden to religion, and an Islamic revolution in Iran. What th

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10

Kovalkov, Oleksandr Leonidovych. "Institute of the Soviet Advisors in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan." Dnipropetrovsk University Bulletin. History & Archaeology series 25, no. 1 (2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/261715.

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А role and place of soldiery and civil advisers as an important instrument of soviet politics in the Democratic republic of Afghanistan are investigated in the article. It is well-proven that on a quantity, scales of activity and sphere of plenary powers the institute of soviet advisers in Afghanistan did not have analogues in history of the "cold war". The attempt of determination of degree of efficiency of realization of orders of soviet guidance by advisers is realizable. Factors that influenced on their activity are found out. Question about responsibility of soviet advisers for the failur

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11

Meharry, J. Eva. "The archaeology of Afghanistan revisited." Antiquity 94, no. 376 (2020): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.96.

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The discipline of archaeology in Afghanistan was at a turning point when the original editions of The archaeology of Afghanistan and the Archaeological gazetteer of Afghanistan were published in 1978 and 1982, respectively. The first three decades of modern archaeological activity in Afghanistan (1920s–1940s) were dominated by French archaeologists who primarily focused on the pre-Islamic past, particularly the Buddhist period. Following the Second World War, however, Afghanistan gradually opened archaeological practice to a more international community. Consequently, the scope of archaeologic

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12

HALLIDAY, FRED. "Soviet foreign policymaking and the Afghanistan war: from ‘second Mongolia’ to ‘bleeding wound’." Review of International Studies 25, no. 4 (1999): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210599006750.

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The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, lasting from 1979 to 1989, was one of the major chapters in the Cold War. Analysis of how Soviet policy was made has, hitherto, focused on the decision to intervene, in December 1979. Equally important, however, as an episode in the final stages of the Cold War, and as an example of Soviet policy formulation, was the decision to withdraw. Basing itself on declassified Soviet documents, and on a range of interviews with former Soviet and Afghan officials, this article charts the protracted history of the Soviet decision and sets it in context: as with the

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13

Krishnaiah, Jothik, Nancy Signorielli, and Douglas M. McLeod. "The Evil Empire Revisited: New York Times Coverage of the Soviet Intervention in and Withdrawal from Afghanistan." Journalism Quarterly 70, no. 3 (1993): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000315.

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This study examines the New York Times coverage of the Soviet intervention and withdrawal from Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. Changes in coverage are examined in the context of easing tensions between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. Findings indicate that the treatment of major story elements was consistent with Herman and Chomsky's propaganda framework. However, changes in the tone of coverage may imply a slight weakening in the explanatory power of the propaganda framework as anti-Soviet ideology diminished.

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Ostrovyk, Dmytro. "Appeals of Afghanistan during war of 1979-1989: view of the soviet soldier." Skhid, no. 6(152) (February 2, 2018): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2017.6(152).122347.

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15

Artwińska, Anna. "Ołowiane żołnierzyki, cynkowe trumny. Swietłany Aleksijewicz opowieść o wojnie w Afganistanie i granice świadectwa." Narracje o Zagładzie, specjalny (June 21, 2021): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2021.dhc.11.

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The novel Zinky Boys (1989; Polish editions in 2007 and 2015) by Belarusian author Svetlana Alexievich is more than just a story of the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan (1979–1989) told from the perspective of the soldiers who participated in it. It also confronts readers with the contractual nature of the line that separates “artistic” and “documentary” prose and probes the complexities of the discourse on memory in Russian culture. This article discusses the key motifs of Zinky Boys: “zinc coffins” and “lead soldiers”. It also examines and ponders the reasons for the lawsuit again

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16

Behrends, Jan Claas. "“Some call us heroes, others call us killers.” Experiencing violent spaces: Soviet soldiers in the Afghan War." Nationalities Papers 43, no. 5 (2015): 719–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1048674.

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Using memories of and interviews with Soviet soldiers, the article discusses their experience of combat and physical violence during the Soviet War in Afghanistan (1979–1989). With Afghan statehood rapidly dissolving and little interest on the side of the Soviet military to enforce international law, Afghanistan quickly turned into a space where violence became the most important social resource. The soldiers and other Soviet personnel had to adapt to these conditions, which differed immensely from the late socialist society in the USSR. The article traces their immersion into the violent spac

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17

Kalinovsky, Artemy. "Decision-Making and the Soviet War in Afghanistan: From Intervention to Withdrawal." Journal of Cold War Studies 11, no. 4 (2009): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.4.46.

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The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan sparked acute Cold War tensions. The war soon became an undesirable distraction and burden for Soviet leaders, who did not expect to spend most of the 1980s propping up a client regime in Kabul. Drawing on archival sources and interviews, this article traces Soviet decision-making from the intervention in late 1979 to the final withdrawal in early 1989. The article shows that the supporters of the Soviet intervention believed that Soviet military and economic aid efforts were making progress and should not be aborted early. They warned that a premature withdr

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Rabush, Taisiya. "Role of the United States and the Soviet Union in Settling the Regional Armed Conflict in Afghanistan (1979–1989)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2017.6.27.

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19

Daugherty, Leo J. "The bear and the scimitar soviet central asians and the war in Afghanistan 1979–1989." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 8, no. 1 (1995): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049508430178.

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20

McIntosh, Scott E. "Leading with the Chin: Using Svechin to analyze the Soviet incursion into Afghanistan, 1979–1989." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 8, no. 2 (1995): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049508430193.

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A.A. VOSTROKNUTOV. "Command and Control of the Soviet Air Force during Combat Actions in Afghanistan (1979-1989)." Military Thought 26, no. 001 (2017): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/mth.48907737.

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22

Eldholm, Vegard, John H. O. Pettersson, Ola B. Brynildsrud, et al. "Armed conflict and population displacement as drivers of the evolution and dispersal ofMycobacterium tuberculosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 48 (2016): 13881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611283113.

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The “Beijing”Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) lineage 2 (L2) is spreading globally and has been associated with accelerated disease progression and increased antibiotic resistance. Here we performed a phylodynamic reconstruction of one of the L2 sublineages, the central Asian clade (CAC), which has recently spread to western Europe. We find that recent historical events have contributed to the evolution and dispersal of the CAC. Our timing estimates indicate that the clade was likely introduced to Afghanistan during the 1979–1989 Soviet–Afghan war and spread further after population displacemen

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23

Rabush, Taisiya V. "Regional Russian Books of Memory as a Form of Preservation and Transfer of Cultural-Historical Memory about the Afghanistan War of 1979-1989." RUDN Journal of Russian History 20, no. 2 (2021): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2021-20-2-247-257.

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The historical memory of the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan (1979-1989) is studied through the prism of memory books dedicated to the participants of the war and those who died in it. The present paper is the first study of the Afghan books of memory that were published over the past decades in different regions of Russia. The first part of this paper analyzes the regional books of memory published in various regions of the Russian Federation from 1991 to the present day; the second part analyzes the books of memory published in small cities of Russia as a separate cultural phenom

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Mukhopadhyay, Dipali. "The Slide from Withdrawal to War: The UN Secretary General’s Failed Effort in Afghanistan, 1992." International Negotiation 17, no. 3 (2012): 485–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341240.

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Abstract The United Nations represented an organization of severely limited means during the Cold War. The Secretary-General’s office became one of the few instruments in the UN system with the power to influence international relations, albeit in limited ways. As Afghanistan emerged from one war in 1989, it risked falling into another involving the various Afghan stakeholders left to fight each other in the wake of their victory over the Soviets. The office of the Special Representative to the Secretary-General emerged as a key exponent of “quiet diplomacy,” as various emissaries shuttled acr

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Bazan, Yuliia. "Diplomatic Settlement Projects of the “Afghan Issue” (1980–1981)." Kyiv Historical Studies 12, no. 1 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2021.14.

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The Soviet war in Afghanistan lasted for over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. The Afghan conflict became the largest military campaign of the Cold War. The continuing war in Afghanistan actually began to threaten peace and stability not only in Central Asia but in the whole world. It became a dead end for the occupiers, too. The international community perceived Soviet aggression as a significant threat to international peace and security. In the early 1980s the search for a diplomatic settlement to the situation around Afghanistan began. The purpose of the article is to inves

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Oghli, Sardar Mohammad Rahman. "Strengthening of Friendship between Ukraine and Afghanistan." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-14.

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The interview is dedicated to the life and work of Sardar Mohammad Rahman Oghli, the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Ukraine. It mentions the countries, in which the Ambassador served before his appointment to Ukraine, as well as the difficulties he had to deal with. The article provides an insight on the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and Afghanistan, identifies the priorities for the Embassy team, outlines the most promising areas of cooperation. The historical question of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979–1989 was discussed, and a parallel was dra

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Marwat, Faisal Ameer. "Pakistan - United States of America Relations: Impediments and way forward." Journal of Law & Social Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.03.01.6772.

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During the past seven decades, the relations among America and Pakistan have seen such a significant number of ups and downs. Hindered by different commitment, solid and particular irritation, both of states have attempted to impact each other, but have been unsuccessful at significant number of stages. Pakistan once saw, as the most associated partner when fits to United States of America interests in 50s, twisted hooked on utmost endorsed companion of America in 90s. The centralization of relations fluctuated from one perilous to that of totally overlooking the different as in 1971, to that

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Müller, Mathias. "Signs of the Merciful." Journal of Religion and Violence 7, no. 2 (2019): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv2019112668.

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This article explores how battlefield miracles were experienced, explained, and debated in jihadist literature in the period between 1982–2002. Competing with the secular histories written by foreign journalists, diplomats, and communists, the study argues that the influential jihadist scholar ’Abdullah ‘Azzam (d. 1989) endeavored to write an alternate sacred history of the Soviet-Afghan War (1979–1989), the course of which was determined neither by military prowess or luck, but by the miracles granted by God. Perusing more than three hundred miracle stories compiled by ’Azzam, the article dem

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Domanskaitė-Gota, Vėjūnė, Danutė Gailienė, and Evaldas Kazlauskas. "POTRAUMINIO STRESO SUTRIKIMĄ TURINČIŲ LIETUVOS AFGANISTANO KARO VETERANŲ TRAUMINĖS PATIRTIES IR POTRAUMINĖS SIMPTOMATIKOS RYŠYS." Psichologija 39 (January 1, 2009): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2009.0.2598.

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Šio straipsnio tikslas yra nustatyti, su kokiais potencialiai trauminiais gyvenimo įvykiais ir patirtimis susijęs didesnis potrauminio streso sutrikimo (PTSS) pasireiškimas Lietuvos Afganistano karo veteranų grupėje (N = 174). Lietuvos Afganistano karo veteranų, kuriems buvo nustatytas potrauminio streso sutrikimas, ir veteranų, kuriems toks sutrikimas nebuvo nustatytas, karo veiksmų ir mūšių patirtis yra labai panaši, jų tarnybos trukmė taip pat nesiskiria. Afganistano karo veteranai, turintys potrauminio streso sutrikimą ir subklinikinio lygio potrauminio streso sutrikimą, yra patyrę daugiau

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Grau, Lester W. "Rodric Braithwaite, Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan 1979–1989. London: Profile Books, 2011, $29.95 hardcover. Artemy M. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011, $27.95 hardcover." Journal of Cold War Studies 14, no. 4 (2012): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00295.

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Grau, Lester W. "Rodric Braithwaite, Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan 1979–1989. London: Profile Books, 2011. 432 pp. $29.95. Artemy M. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. 320 pp. $27.95." Journal of Cold War Studies 14, no. 2 (2012): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00240.

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Novitskii, A. A., and M. G. Kobiashvili. "The role of the syndrome of chronic adaptive overstrain in the pathogenesis of wound disease." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 2 (June 22, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2019-0-2-53-61.

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Relevance. More than 13.2 million injuries are recorded every year in Russia. For example, in 2005–2015 the level of injuries among the population of Russia was 92 ‰. Severe and combined injuries can be complicated by traumatic disease, which often occurred in the military when conducting combat operations.Intention.To present the mechanism of chronic adaptive overstrain syndrome in the pathogenesis of wound disease.Methodology. Wound disease is a special case of a traumatic disease, with an open wound with disrupted integrity of the skin and adjacent internal organs due to traumatic factors.

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Rabush, T. V. "The Question of Increased Growth of Soviet Military Assistance in Afghanistan between 1978–1979." History 17, no. 8 (2018): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2018-17-8-127-135.

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The article examines the issue of increased volume of military and military-technical assistance of the USSR to Afghanistan for about a year and a half – from the end of spring of 1978, when the April Revolution took place in Afghanistan, until the end of 1979 – up until the date of the entry of a limited contingent of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. Based on released top secret Soviet documents, the Soviet Union increased its military and military-technical assistance to Afghanistan becoming increasingly involved in its internal events. During the course of a year from spring 1978 until the s

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Maley, William. "Images of Afghanistan." Review of International Studies 13, no. 4 (1987): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113543.

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The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 has prompted a large number of scholars and journalists to embark on the analysis of Afghan affairs. Even before the invasion, much valuable material was available in Western languages to the interested reader. The internal politics of Afghanistan had been studied by Louis Dupree, Vartan Gregorian, Hasan Kakar, Leon B. Poullada, and Richard S. Newell; Maxwell J. Fry and Gilbert Etienne had analysed the Afghan economy; and Afghanistan's international relations had been examined in detail by Ludwig W. Adamec. Indeed, a recent bibliography of wo

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Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran's Policy Towards Afghanistan." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (2006): 235–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.12.

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Since 1979, Iran's objectives in Afghanistan have changed as Afghanistan's domestic landscape changed. Still, Iran has consistently sought to see a stable and independent Afghanistan, with Herat as a buffer zone and with a Tehran-friendly government in Kabul, a government that reflects the rich ethnic diversity of the country. Toward those and other goals, Iran has created “spheres of influence” inside Afghanistan. During the Soviet occupation (1979-88), Iran created an “ideological sphere of influence” by empowering the Shi'ites. Iran then created a “political sphere of influence” by unifying

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Koval ́kov, Olexandr. "Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan in the Documents of J. Carter Administration." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 9 (2020): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.8.

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The article examines the documents of Jimmy Carter Administration (1977-1981) published in «Foreign Relations of the United States» series that represent the U.S. position on the Soviet intervention in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in December 1979. The author argues that the growing Soviet presence and finally a military intervention in Afghanistan was taken seriously in the United States and made Washington watch the developments in this country closely. The Soviet intervention in Afghanistan became one of the major themes in the U.S. foreign policy. It was presented in a large arra

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Sidos, Philippe. "La contre-insurrection soviétique en Afghanistan (1979-1989)." Stratégique N° 100-101, no. 2 (2012): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/strat.100.0137.

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Rabush, Taisiуa. "Involvement of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in the Events in Afghanistan in the Late 1970s." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 26, no. 1 (2021): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.1.12.

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Introduction. In this article, the author examines the position of the countries of the Middle East region in the late 1970s with regard to the armed conflict in Afghanistan. The emphasis is on the period on the eve of the entry of the Soviet troops to Afghanistan – from the April Revolution of 1978 until December 1979. The author’s focus is on two states: Pakistan directly bordering on Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia, which is a major geopolitical actor in the region. Methods and materials. The author relies on documentary sources such as “Department of state bulletin”, documents of secret corr

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Rabush, Taisiya Vladimirovna. "Iran’s position regarding the afghan military conflict in 1978-1979." RUDN Journal of World History 13, no. 1 (2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-1-7-20.

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The author considers the position of Iran regarding the Afghan armed conflict (1978-1979) before the Soviet troops entered Afghanistan, as well as the consistent evolution of this position and the involvement of Iran in internal Afghan events. The author relies mainly on documentary sources, but also attracts scientific works in Russian and English (including the works of Iranian authors). According to the author, the analysis and study of Irans position on Afghanistan and the evolution of this position deserve a separate article because, firstly, the religious factor began to especially influ

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Fatima, Noor, and Iqra Jathol. "Afghanistan Factor in Pak-US Relations." Global Foreign Policies Review I, no. I (2018): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2018(i-i).05.

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Afghan's interference of the Soviet Union in 1979 made anger worldwide and demonstrated a definitive minute in the universal political situation. Soviet imperialism strategy when tested the security of Pakistan, it showed up as a front - line nation and the primary course to give help to Afghan Mujahedin. This paper has logically surveys the Pakistan's choice to join 1979 Afghan war and assessed how it profited financial and barrier states of Pakistan. All the while, the article exhibits how this Afghan war postured grave dangers to security (inside and additionally outer) of the nation becaus

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Johnson, Thomas H., and M. Chris Mason. "No Sign until the Burst of Fire: Understanding the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier." International Security 32, no. 4 (2008): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.41.

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The Pakistan-Afghanistan border area has become the most dangerous frontier on earth, and the most challenging for the United States' national security interests. Critically, the portion of the border region that is home to extremist groups such the Taliban and al-Qaida coincides almost exactly with the area overwhelmingly dominated by the Pashtun tribes. The implications of this salient fact—that most of Pakistan's and Afghanistan's violent religious extremism, and with it much of the United States' counterterrorism challenge, are contained within a single ethnolinguistic group—have unfortuna

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KAJETANOWICZ, Jerzy. "SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF USSR INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 165, no. 3 (2012): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3494.

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The paper presents political and historical changes in Afghanistan related to the Soviet military intervention. The first part describes the period from the establishment of an independent state in 1921 to the seizing of power by Amin Hafizullah in September 1979. The second part deals with the influence of the Soviet aggression on the process of the gradual disintegration of social structures. The third part explains the effects of the intervention, the final result of which was the creation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

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Payind, Alam. "Soviet – Afghan Relations From Cooperation to Occupation." International Journal of Middle East Studies 21, no. 1 (1989): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380003213x.

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In the field of international relations, the 1979 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan has raised major issues concerning regional security and superpower relations. By introducing Soviet military forces in a traditionally nonaligned country, the Kremlin initiated a more aggressive pattern in its foreign policies. This occupation was the Soviet Union's first territorial expansion by direct use of military power since World War II.

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Arakelova, Victoria, and Nelli Khachaturian. "A Struggle for Identity: The Ismailis in the Afghan War (1979-1989)." Iran and the Caucasus 25, no. 2 (2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20210206.

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The paper is a part of a wider research on the Ismaili identity, peculiarities of the Ismailis’ self-identification in various parts of the world under different historical circumstances. The ambiguous status of the Ismailis in Afghanistan turned to be particularly problematic by the end of the 19th century when the Pashtuns became dominant in the traditionally Ismaili-inhabited areas. In a hostile milieu, under severe persecutions, the local Ismaili identity acquired a tendency of unification with other ethno-religious identities, the principle of taqiyya having been widely spread. Since then

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Azmi, Muhammad R. "Soviet Politico-Military Penetration in Afghanistan 1955 to 1979." Armed Forces & Society 12, no. 3 (1986): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8601200301.

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Ali, Mubbshar, Muhammad Imran Ashraf, and Iqra Jathol. "Pakistan – U.S. Relations and its Impact on Afghanistan." Global International Relations Review III, no. I (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/girr.2020(iii-i).01.

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Afghan's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1979 created panic worldwide and proved a decisive moment in the international political scenario. Soviet expansionism policy when challenged the security of Pakistan, it appeared as a front - line country and the main route to provide aid for Afghan Mujahedin. This paper has analytically reviews the Pakistan's decision to join 1979 Afghan war and evaluated how it benefited economic and defense conditions of Pakistan. Simultaneously, the article presents how this Afghan war posed grave threats to security (internal as well as external) of the country du

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Bromley, Simon. "Connecting Central Eurasia to the Middle East in American Foreign Policy Towards Afghanistan and Pakistan: 1979-Present." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6, no. 1-3 (2007): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914907x207685.

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AbstractDuring the Cold War, United States (US) policies towards the Middle East and towards Afghanistan and Pakistan were largely unrelated. India's non-alignment and relations with the Soviet Union were reasons for close US-Pakistani relations, but the Chinese success in the war with India in 1962 also highlighted the importance to the West of India's position. 1979 marked a major turning point in US foreign policy towards the Middle East and Central Eurasia (CEA) because of the two events which were to shape so much of politics and geopolitics in those regions as well as in the wider intern

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Bradsher, Henry S., and M. Hassan Kakar. "Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982." Russian Review 55, no. 3 (1996): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/131818.

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Legvold, Robert, and M. Hassan Kakar. "Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 6 (1995): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047424.

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Shaw, Geoff, and David Spencer. "Fighting in Afghanistan: Lessons from the Soviet intervention, 1979–89." Defense & Security Analysis 19, no. 2 (2003): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475179032000083389.

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