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1
OLEINIKOV, ALEXEY V. "A NEW WORD IN THE SECURITY OF RUSSIAN REPUBLIC: THE QUESTION OF THE COSSACK ARMY ORGANIZATION IN AUGUST - SEPTEMBER, 1917." Caspium Securitatis: Journal of Caspian Safety & Security 1, no. 1 (2021): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2713-024x-2021-1-1-106-122.
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The objective of the article is to examine projects aimed at strengthening the security of Russia through the formation of a Cossack (cavalry) army. A similar operational and strategic association owes its practical origin to the Soviet Republic; the Whites also had corresponding projects (in particular, those of P.N. Wrangel). The author of the article managed to establish the fact that projects of creation of such formations existed much earlier, in August - September, 1917, and their realization would not only provide safety of the Russian republic, but also would influence the combat effectiveness of the Russian active army and prospects of the final stage of Russia's participation in the World War I. This determines the scientific novelty of the research. The objectives of the article are to analyze the projects of the formation of the Cossack army of the Russian Republic in the summer-autumn of 1917, as well as the reform of the Cossack cavalry, its division into army and strategic cavalry. After the corresponding reform, the Cossack cavalry (including all 3 Astrakhan Cossack regiments) became the most important operational and strategic tool and reserve of the Russian active army at the final stage of World War I. The article is based on previously unpublished archival documents extracted from the archives of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA). Research methods: archive study, historico-comparative analysis and historico-systemic analysis.
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Li, Yuanchun, Landysh G. Latfullina, Elvira F. Nagumanova, and Alsu Z. Khabibullina. "The Translator as a Mediator in the Dialogue of Literatures." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 5 (November 28, 2017): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i5.1254.
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<p>The article raises the issue of translating the works of national literatures through an intermediate language since most of the works of the peoples of Russia find their readers in the world thanks to the Russian language. The urgency of this problem is obvious in modern conditions when the interest in Turkic-speaking literature is growing, and many Russian poets, like in the Soviet era, see themselves as the translators from national languages. On the example of the translation of the poem «tɵshtǝgechǝ bu kɵn – sǝer Һǝm iat …» (“the day is like a dream”) of the contemporary poetess Yulduz Minnullina both the strengths and the weaknesses of the modern translation school are considered. The word for word translation can lead to the unification of differences between literatures when the dominant language (the Russian language) imposes certain aesthetic principles on the original text. The most important aspect of the topic of interest is the consideration of the role of interlinear translation in the establishment of interliterary dialogue. Through interlinear translation a foreign work, endowed with its special world of ideas, images, national and artistic traditions, serves as the basis for dialogical relations that are indispensable for both the Russian-speaking reader who discovers the “other” literature, and the very work that is included in the dialogue in the “large time”. At the same time, the elimination of differences between literatures occurs when the translator, through the Russian language, by means of line-by-line translation, introduces the features of his own consciousness into a foreign work. In this case, the translation simplifies the content of the literature, equalizes the artistic merits, thereby projecting the life of the work onto communication, rather than dialogue.</p>
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Jolanta, Mędelska, Cieszkowski Marek, and Jankowiak Rutkowska. "About the Word Arbuse as one of the First Russicisms in the Language of Russian Germans." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2014-0001.
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Abstract The article presents the process of creation of German island dialects in Russia and in the USSR. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, people from various German regions, primarily farmers and artisans, migrated to Russia. The authorities most frequently settled them in so-called colonies, or in other words, compact country villages, which were typically separated widely from each other. Germans settled in very large numbers along the Volga, in southern Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as in the St. Petersburg region, Novgorod, Voronezh and Volyn. The arrivals from Germany brought with them a wide range of dialects and local varieties. Arriving in the colonies, they most commonly settled down based on their places of origin in Germany, but sometimes by religious denomination or even on the basis of friendships formed on the way to Russia. In this way, the residents of one colony might speak even dozens of substantially different dialects and local varieties. These native varieties of speech mixed together and created a common code, which nevertheless retained archaisms as a result of the lack of contact with the living German language. Despite the significant degree to which Germans were isolated from Russians, linguistic borrowings from Russian began to appear in their language early on, even during the long journey to the migrants’ new home. Primarily, lexis required for everyday life were borrowed. The authors of this article, in researching the Soviet variety of German in Russia, observed that the Russicism Arbuse appeared frequently in this variety, yet only rarely - as dictionary entries testify - in German used in Germany. Analysis revealed that Arbuse is one of the earliest and most widely spread Russicisms in the language of Germans from Russia. Likely it is through their particular code that the term made its way into German dictionaries.
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Bromley, Julian, and Viktor Kozlov. "The Theory of Ethnos and Ethnic Processes in Soviet Social Sciences." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 3 (July 1989): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041750001598x.
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The term ethnos or ethnic community has been used in contemporary Soviet literature mainly to denote a human community, referred to in spoken Russian as “a people” (narod). The same term denotes both those peoples who have lagged behind in their development and peoples of highly industrial countries; tribes and nations, small populations (for example, the Hoppi or the Ket) and large ones including millions of people (like the Russians or the Italians). It is used to designate contemporary people as well as those who have vanished with history (for example, the Etruscans or the Scythians); peoples who are territorially compact and those who are dispersed over widely separated areas (for example, the Armenians). The substitution of the term ethnos for the word people was made necessary by the fact that (in Russian and in many other languages) the word “people” has a number of different connotations, and the Russian narod is used to describe not only ethnic communities but also the “toiling masses of people” or simply a large crowd of humans.
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Golikova, T. A. "The main trends in the formation of the modern Russian political picture of the world." Язык и текст 6, no. 3 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060305.
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The article is devoted to the study of the processes of formation of the modern Russian political picture of the world. The latest borrowings in the field of international politics and their adaptation in Russian are analyzed. The number of contexts of use, as well as the formation of word-formative nests demonstrate the speed of change in the picture of the world, its dynamism, mobility. Appeal to the world and Soviet history and symbolism, world and Slavic folklore, national character-the main strategy of the effectiveness of the Russian political picture of the world.
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Taruskin, Richard. "‘Entoiling the falconet’: Russian musical orientalism in context." Cambridge Opera Journal 4, no. 3 (November 1992): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700003797.
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This essay originated as a contribution to a symposium organised by the Dallas Opera and Southern Methodist University around the Opera's production of Boro-din's Prince Igor in November 1990. Since many Soviet guests had been invited, the poster and programme book were printed in English and Russian side by side. I found that the word ‘orientalism’ in my title had become tema vostoka – ‘the Eastern theme’ – in translation, even though orientalizm, or more commonly, orientalistika, are perfectly good Russian words (well, Russian words, anyway). It was a sensible precaution. ‘The Eastern theme’ is neutral: from a paper with that phrase in the title one expects inventories, taxonomies, identification of sources, stylistic analysis. ‘Orientalism’ is charged. From a paper with that word in the title one expects semiotics, ideological critique, polemic, perhaps indictment. The translator was quite right to err on the side of innocuousness, rather than saddle me with a viewpoint I might not wish or manage to live up to.
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Meshcheryakov, A. N. "Gender Image of Japan in Russia and the USSR: From the Country of Women to the Country of Samurai (from the End of the 19th Century to the Second World War)." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, no. 8 (November 28, 2018): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-8-67-89.
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The word “samurai” firmly rooted in the modern Russian language, along with Fujiyama, geisha and sakura. Though obviously this was not always the case. This article traces the initial process of perceiving the concept of samurai in pre-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union: from the 1890s, from the first military victories of rapidly modernizing Japan, to the RussoJapanese War and further to the beginning of the Second World War. Initially endowed with features of “childishness” or “femininity,” gentleness and grace, the image of Japan is gradually becoming “masculine” and is increasingly associated with the concept of “samurai.” At first, this concept is related to such qualities as belligerence and cruelty but also loyalty to lord and “knightly” honor. Often, following Nitobe Inazo, the best qualities of the Japanese are generally traced back to the samurai tradition. Later, the Japanese appear in an increasingly caricature form, as greedy but powerless aggressors. At first, this image is not associated with the concept of “samurai” but by the 1930s fused with it. At the same time, Soviet authors criticize the “feminine” perception of Japan – they describe both the ruling exploiter and the exploited worker with “masculine” traits. The article examines the early Japanese borrowings in Russian dictionaries of foreign words, the images of the Japanese in the writings of Russian and Soviet writers, the characteristics of the country and its inhabitants in popular editions devoted to Japan as well as in propaganda texts and pictures.
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Garn, Rimma, Stephen Hutchings, and Anat Vernitski. "Russian and Soviet Film Adaptations of Literature, 1900-2001: Screening the Word." Slavic and East European Journal 50, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20459284.
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Engel, Christine, Stephen Hutchings, and Anat Vernitski. "Screening the Word: Russian and Soviet Film Adaptations of Literature, 1900-2001." Modern Language Review 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467275.
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Liubivaia, Irina, and Natal'ya Evgen'evna Korol'kova. "The phenomenon of personality of T. L. Schepkina-Kupernik in the context of theatrical process of the late XIX – early XX century." Философия и культура, no. 6 (June 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2020.6.33305.
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The interest to the almost forgotten names of female writers of the Silver Ages gas grown over the recent decades. Among them is a prominent and talented Russian and Soviet poetess, translator, writer, play writer, memoirist, journalist T. L. Schepkina-Kupernik. She dedicated approximately 60 years of her life to literary work, and in 1940 was awarded the title of “Honored Master of Arts of RSFSR”. Relevance of the article is defined by the fact that presently the artistic heritage of T. L. Schepkina-Kupernik became undeservingly forgotten, even though it represents great value not only for the Russia, but also for word art history, especially for historians of theatre and literature. Thanks to the translations of T. L. Schepkina-Kupernik, the Russian stage enriched its repertoire, and the audience became acquainted with world-renown dramaturgists. Connoisseurs of the theatrical art were able to appreciate performance of the actors thanks to the memoirs on the actors and peer reviews on their stage performances. An important detail in biography of Tatiana Lvovna consists in her personal experience of acting on stage. The author analyzes the persona of Schepkina-Kupernik from various aspects of her creative work. Analysis is conducted on her work as an actress, writer, translator, and memoirist. Her contribution to the history of the Russian theater is reviewed.
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Zakharov, Vladimir. "The Relevance of Dostoevsky." Неизвестный Достоевский 8, no. 1 (March 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j10.art.2021.5321.
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The year 2021 marks the 200th anniversary of Dostoevsky’s birth and the 140th anniversary of his immortality. Literary anniversaries became a part of the Russian culture relatively recently. The celebration is usually held in memory of those who had already found eternity. The attempt to celebrate the tercentenary of Shakespeare (1864) and the centenary of Pushkin’s birth in 1899 marked the beginning of a new cultural tradition. The dates of literary anniversaries in the 20th century reflect the struggle between these trends: birthdays are gradually replacing memorial days. Anniversaries tend to be an occasion not only for understanding a writer’s significance in the modern world, but also for analyzing the trends and prospects of studying their legacy. The article provides an overview of the past anniversaries of Dostoevsky in Russia and an analysis of several articles from the first issue of The Unknown Dostoevsky journal for 2021. The special feature of Dostoevsky’s bicentennial anniversary is the competition held by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) “Sources and methods in the study of the legacy of F. M. Dostoevsky in Russian and world culture” (2018–2021), which resulted in the support of 28 projects by leading Russian scientists. They will result in the publication of an unprecedented corpus of studies on Dostoevsky’s biography, philosophy, creativity, textual criticism and poetics. In post-Soviet Russia, the gap between Dostoevsky studies and mass consciousness, science and education is apparent. Moreover, technologies to counteract Dostoevsky’s influence on the modern Russian person are still operating. Reading and studying Dostoevsky remains the privilege of philologists, whose number in Russian universities has been drastically reduced with no prospects of the development of continuous humanitarian education. Nevertheless, despite influential opponents, Dostoevsky represents Russia, the Karamazovs are the most famous Russian surname, and today, just like 150 years ago, the prophet and apostle Dostoevsky conveys the word of truth and veracity to the world.
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Rassokhina, Elena. "Shakespeare’s ‘Will sonnets’ in Russian." Contexts of Russian Literary Translation 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.11.1.03ras.
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This article examines strategies implemented by Russian translators of Shakespeare’s sonnets 135 and 136 when dealing with puns on the word “will” in various senses. Seven translations spanning the period from 1880 to 2011 have been selected for analysis. These renderings of Shakespearian puns exhibit a wide range of translation strategies and various effects within the target texts. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of the selected translations reflect social taboos and censorship with regard to sexuality in Russian translated literature. However, two recent translations containing sexual allusions indicate changing norms in the post-Soviet period. Thus, translations of sexual puns may also be illustrative of the ways in which the target language’s norms influence the translators’ choices.
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Bulygina, E. Yu, and T. A. Tripolskaya. "Processes of ideologization and de-ideologization in Russian religious dictionary." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2020): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/72/16.
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The paper is focused on studying the changing fragments of the Russian picture of the world documented in lexicographic sources of the Soviet era and the post-Soviet period, as well as in contemporary discourse. There are “eternal” concepts in the ideological field of society, reflected in the lexicon of native speakers as ideologemes. These lexemes represent the value system of a particular confession, social group, etc. It is this lexical layer that most acutely responds to socio-economic and political changes in society. The authors analyze the dynamic processes of a pragmatically marked fragment of a dictionary (religious vocabulary) during the 20th – early 21st centuries. The starting point is D. N. Ushakov’s Russian Explanatory Dictionary, which provides a thorough representation of religious lexicon, with interpretations determined by the ideological context of 1930–1940. Today, the strong and weak points of describing the lexicon, that was “alien” for the Soviet period, are obvious. The analysis of vocabulary and corpus data allows us to formulate a hypothesis about the emergence of ambivalent (positive and negative) connotations in the lexical array, which has recently been interpreted as neutral by dictionaries. Thus, when filled with new pragmatic content and reflecting significant changes in the socio-political life of society, the semantics of a religious word, as ideologically marked during a century, changes its connotative halo several times. The ideological and related evaluative components reflect one of the most controversial fragments of the linguistic picture of the world in modern Russia.
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Zholkovsky, A. K. "In a word, I’ve been there." Voprosy literatury, no. 5 (November 9, 2019): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2019-5-246-256.
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In his article, A. Zholkovsky discusses the contemporary detective mini-series Otlichnitsa [A Straight-A Student], which mentions O. Mandelstam’s poem for children A Galosh [Kalosha]: more than a fleeting mention, this poem prompts the characters and viewers alike to solve the mystery of its authorship. According to the show’s plot, the fact that Mandelstam penned the poem surfaces when one of the female characters confesses her involvement in his arrest. Examining this episode, Zholkovsky seeks structural parallels with the show in V. Aksyonov’s Overstocked Packaging Barrels [Zatovarennaya bochkotara] and even in B. Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago [Doktor Zhivago]: in each of those, a member of the Soviet intelligentsia who has developed a real fascination with some unique but unattainable object is shocked to realize that the establishment have long enjoyed this exotic object without restrictions. We observe, therefore, a typical solution to the core problem of the Soviet, and more broadly, Russian cultural-political situation: the relationship between the intelligentsia and the state, and the resolution is not a confrontation, but reconciliation.
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Varese, Federico. "Is Sicily the future of Russia? Private protection and the rise of the Russian Mafia." European Journal of Sociology 35, no. 2 (November 1994): 224–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600006858.
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It is difficult to discuss a phenomenon when one does not know precisely what it is. This problem is particularly vexing in the case of the Mafia. It has been argued that ‘the need for a definition [of the Mafia] is crucial; not just for any definition with some degree of contingent empirical plausibility, but for a definition with some analytical clout’. The word ‘Mafia’ itself has travelled far to distant lands, such as the former Soviet Union. For instance, according to Arkadii Vaksberg, Russian journalist and author of The Russian Mafia, the Mafia is ‘the entire soviet power-system, all its ideological, political, economical and administrative manifestations’. In an article published in a magazine for British executives dealing with Russia, the label Mafiosi is used to lump together bureaucrats, smugglers from the Caucasus, the cpsunomenklatura accused of embezzling state funds, the late British businessman Robert Maxwell and many others.
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Varese, Federico. "Is Sicily the future of Russia? Private protection and the rise of the Russian Mafia." European Journal of Sociology 42, no. 1 (May 2001): 186–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600008225.
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It is difficult to discuss a phenomenon when one does not know precisely what it is. This problem is particularly vexing in the case of the Mafia. It has been argued that ‘the need for a definition [of the Mafia] is crucial; not just for any definition with some degree of contingent empirical plausibility, but for a definition with some analytical clout’ (1). The word ‘Mafia’ itself has travelled far to distant lands, such as the former Soviet Union. For instance, according to Arkadii Vaksberg, Russian journalist and author of The Russian Mafia, the Mafia is ‘the entire soviet power-system, all its ideological, political, economical and administrative manifestations’ (2). In an article published in a magazine for British executives dealing with Russia, the label Mafiosi is used to lump together bureaucrats, smugglers from the Caucasus, the CPSU nomenklatura accused of embezzling state funds, the late British businessman Robert Maxwell and many others (3).
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Dmitrieva, Tatiana N. "Types of Spelling Mistakes in Personal Documents of Russian Citizens and Migrants Applying for Russian Citizenship." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 2 (2021): 196–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.2.026.
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The paper analyses mistakes and inconsistencies that tend to occur in the spelling of surnames, first names, and patronymics in personal documents of Russian citizens when they register for pensions and other welfare payments, as well as in the documents of migrants applying for Russian citizenship. The material for the study was retrieved from in-person enquiries received at the Department of Russian Language, General Linguistics and Speech Communication of the Ural Federal University during 2005–2021. The certificates issued by the author in response to those requests served to confirm the identity of the names of applicants and their relatives in birth certificates, passports, employment records, marriage certificates, etc. The material includes the documents drawn up on the territory of the USSR and former Soviet republics, and some in the far abroad. The paper identifies the types of mistakes and variations in the spelling of names, patronymics, and surnames in these documents and looks for the reasons to such variation. The study showed that along with spelling mistakes which are generally few (dropping / replacing a letter, adding an extra letter, word formation errors), there are much more frequent cases of variation of names, patronymics and surnames due to linguistic and sociolinguistic reasons: 1) the use of orthographic name variants, 2) the use of the literary and colloquial version of the name, 3) replacing a little-known name with a more popular one with similar pronunciation, 4) the existence of word-formation and phonetic variants including multilingual equivalents of the personal name, 5) new variants appearing in the course of rendering the name into Russian and transliteration of specific vowels and consonants of other languages, 6) changes in the graphics and spelling in the languages of the former Soviet republics and a tendency to correct the Russified forms of names, patronymics, and surnames initially recorded in Soviet times to match the updated norms.
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Zavarzina, Galina A. "Diachronic model of the word “official” in the Russian language: semantic features and vectors of development." Russian Language Studies 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-2-155-166.
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The relevance of this article is determined by the demand for the stereotype of a civil servant in Russian public communication and the need for its regular research in order to form an objective public opinion and determine the dynamics of social processes. The purpose of the research was to identify and describe the changes in terms of the content of the language sign official in the Russian language in Pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern periods. The methods of synchronous, diachronic, component, lexicographic and contextual analysis are used in the paper. The study was carried out on the material of lexicographic sources and modern mass media discourse on government administration. For the first time, the main vectors for developing semantics of the key lexical unit of the administrative language in the modern period were identified and described. The changes were caused by the destruction of ideologized subject-conceptual semes of the Soviet era; by the expansion of paradigmatic and syntagmatic ties, reflecting the disappearance of geo-conditioned characteristics and consolidating the features of the hierarchy of the modern management, as well as by the actualization and unification of the verbal sign. It is concluded that, in terms of the semantics of the studied verbal signs, there is a traditionally stable pejorative-evaluative emotiveness due to the sociocultural context which is reflected in associative characteristics - stimuli indicating human weaknesses associated primarily with violated moral and ethical norms. The prospects of the research are seen in continuing the synchronous-diachronic study of the most important for the modern Russian language verbal signs official, manager, bureaucrat, functionary in the lexical-semantic field bureaucracy, which is actively developing, and in using the proposed methods of analysis to study other subsystems of the Russian language.
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Kudaibergenova, Diana T. "Misunderstanding Abai and the legacy of the canon: “Neponyatnii” and “Neponyatii” Abai in contemporary Kazakhstan." Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2017.12.007.
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The Soviet canonisation of Abai, the nineteenth-century Kazakh poet and enlightener became a problematic theme for local intellectuals in the 2010s after the Occupy Abai movement in Moscow raised concerns over the heritage of Abai as a Sovietised canon and as an independent non-Soviet thinker. In 2012 oppositional leaders in Russia occupied Abai monument in Moscow and the leader of the opposition Alexey Navalny, called for his supporters to gather around the monument to unknown strange Kazakh guy using the Russian slang word – neponyatnii Kazakh. Local audience in Kazakhstan at first responded with offensive comments and questions to the Russian opposition movement – how come Abai, the Kazakh version of Russian poet and a visionary Alexander Pushkin, the symbol and canon of Soviet Kazakh literature and the symbol of post-Soviet Kazakhness and its culture could be unknown and strange? From the celebrated writer of the Soviet dekadas and Leninist prizes for Mukhtar Auezov's novel The Path of Abai ( Abai Zholy) Abai turned into neponyatnii – incomprehensible, strange (in words of Russian Alexey Navalny) and neponyatii – misunderstood poet. These discussions on popular online Russophone as well as Kazakhophone platforms and blogs opened up a debate on the legacy and problematic canonisation of Abai. Is Abai misunderstood in contemporary Kazakhstani society? From short essays when famous writer Gerold Belger speaks to Abai's monument in central Almaty to mobile phone applications featuring Abai's Qara Sozder, to the famous anonymous Abai graffiti in central Almaty and Occupy Abai movement responses in Kazakh internet sphere, I trace the mutations of Abai's canon. These discussions reveal the conflicting trends of young Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis who take their cultural criticisms online but continue using the “national” frameworks in their globalized discussions.
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Somin, A. A., and E. M. Gridneva. "Historical perspective on the word gospoda as a form of address." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 11, no. 4 (2020): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2020-4-8.
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Using the method of corpus analysis, this article explores the history of the Russian honorific gospoda and related forms of address: damy i gospoda, gospoda-tovarischi, and other noun-noun and adjective-noun collocations (gospoda publika uvažaemye gospoda). It draws on examples from literature to demonstrate that although, contrary to popular belief, the honorific damy i gospoda is not a neologism of the end of the 20th century, it was marginal to pre-revolutionary speech. It is also shown that, albeit rarely, the word gospoda was used before the Russian Revolution to address a mixed company. Abandoned after the Revolution, the honorific underwent a revival in the second half of the 20th century when it was used more often to address a mixed company than it had been in tsarist times. Probably, this was accounted for by extra-linguistic factors. Special attention is given to the use of the honorific gospoda in periods of transition: at the beginning and end of the Soviet era and after the collapse of the USSR.
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Yarmolich, Fedor K. "Popularization of Books and Reading Culture in Soviet City in the 1950s-1960s." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 2 (210) (June 28, 2021): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2021-2-83-86.
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The readership of the Soviet Union was considered to be one of the most massive in the world, which was facilitated by the purposeful policy of the Soviet government in popularizing the printed word: the creation of an extensive library network in the city; propaganda through the mass media of book products; explanation of how to work with book, magazine; holding reader conferences, etc. This example of the popularization of the printed word among the population in the USSR can be relevant at the present time, when a significant part of the Russian population spends less and less of their leisure time reading books, when the skill of a person's work on the scientific text, popular science or artistic content is lost. The involvement of sociological research, periodicals and archival documents allows not only to restore the mechanism of popularization of the book in the Soviet Union, but also to trace how it became possible to instill in a person a culture of reading a wide range of literature from ideological to popular science.
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Pauly, Matthew D. "Tending to the “Native Word”: Teachers and the Soviet Campaign for Ukrainian-Language Schooling, 1923–1930." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 3 (May 2009): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902867355.
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In the 1920s, the Ukrainian Commissariat of Education and a circle of progressive educators aimed to radically transform the educational system in Ukraine, and, as a consequence, the skills and mentality of its graduates. To do this, they would have to teach students in a language they understood. For nearly three-quarters of the juvenile population of Ukraine, this meant instruction in Ukrainian. Although this may have sounded like a simple proposition, it was not. Throughout the pre-revolutionary period, schools had educated Ukrainian children in Russian, and teachers, regardless of their ethnicity, were trained and accustomed to teaching in it. Pre-revolutionary publications, still widely used in Soviet schools, and even the early Soviet primers were overwhelmingly written in Russian. Ukrainian national leaders had made an attempt to set up a network of Ukrainian-language schools during the country's short-lived period of independence, but their attempts were disrupted by the chaos of civil war and the fall of successive governments. It was under Soviet patronage that the “Ukrainization” of the schools reached its greatest extent; however, it was an achievement that required effort, and real qualitative change in the language of instruction was gradual.
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Savenko, Svetlana Savenko. "Stravinsky and Russian Music of the 20th Century." Musicological Annual 43, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/mz.43.2.93-98.
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The discussion of this important question presupposes two different aspects: the first one is connected with the perception of Stravinsky’s music in his fatherland, the second with the influence of his music in the specific sense of the word. The most important stations of the perception of Stravinsky: 1. 1910–1920. Stravinsky’s works were regularly performed in Russia during this period. The reaction of the audience and the press was various and partly controversial. 2. End of the 30’s to the middle 1950’s. In this period Stravinsky’s music has almost disappeared from the USSR concert life. It became the target for most violent ideological criticism, which reached its zenith at the threshold of 1940’s 1950’s. 3. Stravinskys visit to the USSR (1962) had a crucial meaning for the expansion of his influence. The main factors of the influence: 1. After the 1920’s the direct influence of Stravinsky on the Russian music was at first rather obvious. At that time, one could observe it through a whole set of compositions by “leftist” composers from the circle of The Association Of Modern Music; they understood Stravinsky’s music as a renewed, contemporary musical tradition of Russia. 2. A revival of the influence of Stravinsky’s music began in the 1960’s, probably in connection with “the new folkloristic wave” in the national oriented works of young composers, who belonged to a large extent to “the Soviet avant-garde”. Resumé: Stravinsky’s work was ideal as a model for the development of the Russian music in the 20th century.
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Cassiday, Julie A. "Kirov and Death in The Great Citizen: The Fatal Consequences of Linguistic Mediation." Slavic Review 64, no. 4 (2005): 799–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3649915.
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A fictional account of the life and death of Sergei Kirov, Fridrikh Ermler’s two-part film The Great Citizen (1937 and 1939) appears unusual due to its lack of action and its fetishization of the spoken word. As an instance of what Ermler called “conversational cinema,” the film defines the outer limit of verbosity and immobility in socialist realist film. The movie’s hero Shakhov mediates between Stalin and the Soviet masses; as a result, the conflict between Shakhov and the Trotskyist opposition represents a struggle between authentic and corrupt linguistic mediation in the film. By appropriating the myth of the Russian writer's martyrdom, The Great Citizen depicts Shakhov’s demise, not merely as the result of a Trotskyist conspiracy, but more importantly as the necessary guarantor of the truth of Shakhov’s words. Ermler's film reconfigures the writer’s role in Russian society by inverting the hierarchy of the written and the spoken word, thus subjugating the myth of the martyred writer to the aesthetic and ideological goals of socialist realism. The Great Citizen demonstrates the importance of Kirov's martyrdom within Stalinist mythology and figures as a paradigmatic work of socialist realist film.
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Taylor, Brian D. "What Happened to Soviet Security Studies?: An Essay on the State of the Field." Russian Politics 4, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00402003.
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Security issues were a central part of Soviet studies. This article considers how the study of security issues has changed with respect to Russia and Eurasia since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. It highlights a series of positive changes: a broadening of vision beyond Moscow, more engagement with mainstream social science, greater attention to security issues internal to post-Soviet states, and the creation of an expert community that spans North America, Europe, and Eurasia. At the same time, I argue that scholarship on Russian and Eurasian security issues has become less strategic, in the sense this word is used by Richard Betts – about the interaction of political ends and military means, rooted in an appreciation of military science. The academy, especially in North America, has become a less welcoming place for scholars working on Russia and Eurasia who care about previously central issues in the field such as nuclear strategy, weapons procurement, military doctrine, and defense planning.
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Ярица, Людмила Ивановна. "TERMINOLOGY STUDY BY FOREIGN STUDENTS AT THE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY." Pedagogical Review, no. 6(34) (December 14, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-6-129-140.
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Рассматривается вопрос преподавания русского языка как иностранного в техническом вузе России. Актуальность темы обусловлена ростом числа иностранных студентов в российских вузах и необходимостью скорейшего овладения ими русским языком. Описаны особенности изучения русской научной лексики, терминологического аппарата технических дисциплин, в частности языка математики, иностранными студентами, обучающимися на подготовительном отделении Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Проведен лингвистический эксперимент, в ходе которого студентам был предложен диктант, изобилующий научной лексикой; описаны результаты, а также нарушения произношения и написания терминов, так как главную трудность представляет именно изучение лексики научного стиля речи. Выявлены и описаны, структурированы особенности отступлений от нормы, предложены варианты работы по реализации программы отработки навыков нормативного письма иностранными студентами. Достаточно трудным является определение границы слова, написание букв в конце слова, восприятие шипящих согласных, парных согласных по глухости/звонкости, мягкости/твердости; определение рода имен существительных (в большинстве языков народов бывшего Советского Союза нет категории рода). В связи с этим возникает необходимость тщательно продумывать типы упражнений в соответствии с потребностью учащихся и их последовательность. The issue of teaching Russian as a foreign language in a technical university in Russia is considered. The relevance is due both to the increase in the number of foreign students in Russian universities and the need for them to master the Russian language as soon as possible in order to continue their studies in Russian. The aim of the work is to describe the features of mastering Russian scientific vocabulary, the terminology of technical disciplines, in particular, the language of mathematics by foreign students studying at the preparatory department of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Building). A linguistic experiment was carried out, when students were offered to write a dictation, replete with scientific vocabulary. The results, as well as violations of pronunciation and spelling of terms have been described, since the main difficulty is precisely the study of the vocabulary of the scientific style of speech. The peculiarities of deviations from the standard were also identified, structured, and described. Options for the implementation of the program for the development of normative writing skills by foreign students were proposed. Rather difficult is the definition of the word boundary, writing letters at the end of a word, the perception of hissing consonants, paired consonants (unvoiced – voiced), soft – hard; determination of the gender of a noun (in most languages of the former Soviet Union there is no category of gender). This requires the necessity of elaborate thinking over the exercise types and their sequence in accordance with students’ needs. This work continues a series of methodical publications, the main aim of which is improving the quality of foreign student education in technical universities of Russia.
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Zhimbiev, Balzhan. "The Russian Allotment: Moscow and Ulan-Ude." Inner Asia 7, no. 1 (2005): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481705793646964.
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AbstractFrom early summer the word dacha is frequently mentioned by the inhabitants of apartment blocks throughout Russia, referring to a patch of land allotted to city dwellers where planting of potatoes and other root vegetables is carried out. Over the last four decades a dacha house was commonly constructed on such an allotment and this became a kind of symbol of Soviet-period urbanisation, with the number of dacha plots issued to city dwellers being always quoted in top governmental reports. Nevertheless despite the fact that the dacha plots have become a common sight on the outskirts of any city, and rumours in Russia’s capital, Moscow, that the number of allotments is practically equal to the number of apartment flats, this does not indicate a particular well-being in society but rather highlights the existence of problematic issues which were rarely perceived in the daily routine.
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Michael, Kuhn. "The Image of Late Soviet Pioneer Camp in Russian Mass Culture Works of the 2010s." Humanitarian Vector 15, no. 5 (October 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-5-85-93.
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During the first two decades of the 21st century, an increasing interest of Russian policymakers towards the Soviet past can be recorded, which is reflected in the modern Russian mass culture (movies, literature, music) providing more and more often a fruitful approach to reappraise the role of pioneer camps in the Soviet Union to its people. Based on an example of two significant mass culture products of the 2010s with different languages ‒ Aleksandr Karpilovskiy’s movie “Private Word of a Pioneer 2“ (2015) (rus. “Chastnoe pionerskoe. Ura kanikuly!!!”) and the novel “Food Block“ (2018) (rus. “Pishcheblok”) by Aleksey Ivanov, this article for the first time illustrates the image of two late Soviet pioneer camps “Youth” (1979) and “The Stormy Petrel” (1980) and gives analysis of their features with the help of descriptive-functional and comparative research methods. As a result, the semantics shows that one pioneer camp is a safe place for everyone and another one poses risks and it is more dangerous to be within the camp than outside. While in the “Youth” camp, the teaching staff devotes much attention to health promotion and cultural development of young pioneers, the main purpose of “The Stormy Petrel” is the ideological education. In both cases, we see educational formalism in the work of educators. Children and teenagers of the late Soviet era are seemingly burdened with playing young Leninists. The protagonist in the movie puts his personal goals far above the public interests in his personal hierarchy. By contrast, the protagonist of the novel is seeking for a true community in the pioneer camp and causes rejection and misunderstanding by others. In both late Soviet camps, the value of pioneer attributes (ties and badges) is noticeably decreased. In “Stormy Petrel”, their meaning is even audaciously perverted. Unreserved nostalgia for childhood, dominating in two works, does not prevent their creators to a greater (novel) or lesser (movie) extent to make a critical assessment of the late Soviet pioneer camps. Keywords: Soviet pioneer camp, A. Karpilovskiy “Private Word of a Pioneer 2”, A. Ivanov “Food Block”, late Soviet era, nostalgia, criticism
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Varnikova, Evgenia N. "Semantic and Word-Formation Features of Horse Names in the History of the Russian Language (Based on the Inventory Books of Vologda Monasteries in the 16th — Early 18th Centuries)." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.003.
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The paper considers a historical aspect of zoonymic studies which has not been sufficiently developed. The history of Russian horse names (hipponyms) is explored using zoonymic data from the inventories of the Vologda monasteries in the 16th — early 18th centuries, the materials from Listings of horses (Moscow, 1665), and archival documents of the Soviet farms of Sevmaslotrest from 1930s. The author identifies the lexical structure of Early Modern Russian hipponymy, delves into the meaning of names and appellatives they derive from, analyses the structure of horses’ names, and describes the name formation techniques. The studied sources bring the picture of the general development of lexical patterns in the Russian hipponymy. As it turns out, the vocabulary of Early Modern Russian hyponymy is almost identical with the Old Russian anthroponomy, which attests to their genetic unity. At the same time, the use of Christian names is noted, with these becoming more popular in the given period. The article also deals with structural types of Early Modern Russian hipponyms: zoonyms having a substantive form (nicknames formed from onomastic, agential, zoological, and object nouns; zoonymic compounds; suffixal compounds); adjective-based zoonyms; mixed names. In monastic scripts of the 16th — early 18th centuries, the vast majority of units used as hipponyms are “prefabricated” traditional names, the cases of creating original animal names are rare. In the latter case, zoonyms are usually formed using suffixal patterns peculiar for agentive and anthroponomic vocabulary. The word-building patterns include the onymisation of appellatives (sometimes by metaphoric transfer), substantivisation (nominalization) of adjectives, transonymisation of personal and place names. Due to the semantic, structural, and word-formation proximities between Early Modern Russian zoonymy and Old Russian anthroponomy, zoonymic vocabulary of the 16th–18th centuries provides a reliable source on Old Russian onomasticon, as well as explains the “anthroponymic” nature of modern Russian zoonymy and the active use of personal names for animals at present. This practice turns out to have deep historical roots.
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Kleiner, Yuri. "Linguistic and cultural discrepancy, or Sui Mei Travels about the Soviet Union." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 4 (2020): 720–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.414.
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Soviet textbooks of foreign languages, in particular English, very accurately reflect those tendencies which affected the evolution of the approach to teaching and its goals, from exchanging information to unidirectional (“addresseeless”) communication that was thematically limited by the realities of a closed society. The material of textbooks changed from original works slightly colored ideologically in the late-1920s towards texts that were completely removed from the realities of countries of the studied languages in the 1930s — 80s. The practice based on “word-for-word translation” methodology resulted in (a) entire lexical spheres having no equivalents in the English-speaking world (e. g. The Moscow News lexicon), (b) incorrect designations of borrowed notions (“currency exchange office” instead of Foreign Exchange), and (c) “reification,” creating notions based on reinterpreted borrowings. All this is fundamentally different from borrowing words together with respective notions under natural conditions (e. g. in émigré communities). Later on, the method of direct borrowing began to be used in Russia and as a result, a significant layer of neologisms was formed in the vocabulary of the modern Russian language. A large portion of the neologisms had equivalents (some of them previously borrowed) and this resulted in a new synonymy with further ousting of one of the synonyms (e. g. tendencija → trend, specialist → ekspert, etc.), or a division of meanings, includ- ing even the formation of words in their own right (messač’< message), etc. An alternative to this tendency can be a conscious attitude to language processes (native speakers’ control of borrowings), which in turn, depend on competence in both contacting languages and, in the last analysis, the organization of education in the country.
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Chernysheva, Liubov, and Olga Sezneva. "Commoning beyond ‘commons’: The case of the Russian ‘obshcheye’." Sociological Review 68, no. 2 (March 2020): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026120905474.
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How do the semantic logics that different words accommodate in different languages map onto studies of social realities internationally and interdisciplinarily? This article is an ethnographic study of obshcheye – a corpus of phenomena pertaining to communal life in Russia. Similar to the English term ‘commons’, it marks the zone of the public – that which is shared and collective. In contrast to the commons, it displays greater semantic polyphony, bringing together social, discursive and affective qualities. Our analysis demonstrates that various semantic subsets of obshcheye sensitize research differently from the commons by indexing different societal concerns. They tune us into a wide set of concerns – with time (not wanting to be ‘Soviet’), ownership (worrying about what is ‘no one’s’), affective connectivity (one sits and waits for a conversation), and the act of caring for people and for spaces. Each word and each relationship in the semantic network reflects what is important to social actors as they go about ordering their lives together. The article concludes that obshcheye is so definitively a semantic network that expunging its conceptual heterogeneity and narrowing the multiple logics to encompass one in particular would amount to analytical reductionism and the impoverishment of social analysis.
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Komarov, Sergey A., and Olga K. Lagunova. "MASTERS OF THE SPOKEN WORD OF RUSSIA’S UGRIC- SAMOYEDIC PEOPLES: ETHNIC PROJECTS, TRADITIONALISM, REGIONAL CONTEXT." Ural Historical Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-2(71)-127-136.
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The article systematically defines and analyzes the project initiatives by the masters of the spoken word among three generations of the Mansi, Nents, and Khanty peoples. The first generation includes those born in the 1910s (Ivan Istomin — Nenets; Anna Konkova — Mansi; Taisiya Chuchelina — Khanty), the second one — those born in the 1930s (Yuvan Shestalov and Andrey Tarkhanov — Mansi; Leonid Laptsuy — Nenets; Mariya Vagatova and Roman Rugin — Khanty), and the third one — those born at the turn of the 1940s–1950s (Anna Nerkagi and Yuriy Vella — Nenets; Yeremey Aypin — Khanty). The authors of the article describe motivational environment for the creative endeavor of the spiritual leaders of indigenous minorities within the historical and cultural dynamics of the region they are biographically related to. In addition, the semiotic foundations of syncretism and traditionalism of the ethnosubjects’ fiction are presented in all the diversity of their written and action projects. This article indicates the transformation in the identities of the masters of the spoken word during the country’s transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet experience, as well as difficulties and nature of their presence in writers’ associations among Russian authors. Along the historical axis, one can see growing creative endeavor, initiative, and national identity of the representatives of the indigenous minorities of the northern regions. The authors of the article consider Ugric-Samoyedic writers’ experience within the framework of contemporary understanding of historical poetics of Russian philology.
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Sharpe, M. E. "A Word About the Change from Soviet Psychology to Journal of Russian and East European Psychology." Journal of Russian & East European Psychology 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rpo1061-040530012.
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Matveychev, O. A. "Totalitarian Sects within the Current Political Processes." Orthodoxia, no. 1 (September 4, 2021): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2021-1-1-92-110.
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This article studies the phenomenon of totalitarian sects entering politics. It concerns the participation of totalitarian sects in the political processes and election campaigns with the aim of getting into power, as well as the attempts of some political figures to rely on the infrastructure of totalitarian sects in order to promote themselves in the ruling structures. The author summarizes the works of Russian and international social thinkers and religious scholars, studying totalitarian sects as a relatively new social and religious phenomenon, supplementing and developing their findings. In particular, the following features are recognized as the key characteristics of totalitarian sects. A relatively recent foundation — usually with the founder still alive. A charismatic leader — the founder or successor, who has unquestionable authority. Closed information environment, filtering any external information signals. Careful regulation of the adherents' life, as well as their double code language, allowing them to recognize others in a “friend-or-foe” mode, which likens totalitarian sects to criminal communities. A rigid hierarchy that doses information about the organizations' goals to its members at different levels of initiation; adherents' compulsory financial participation and preaching activities. The author analyzes the promotion of totalitarian sects in politics using examples from Ukrainian and Russian political practices of the post-Soviet period. In particular, he studies the political activities of such structures as the Livets Ord (lit. “Word of Life”) Baptist Church, the Scientology Church, the Embassy of God sect (Sunday Adelaja), the Unification Church (Sun Myung Moon), the Living Word Baptist Church, the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, the Last Covenant Church, Slavic neopagan groups and radical Islamist sects. The network community formed around the Alexei Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation also possesses the attributes of a totalitarian sect. Particular attention is paid to specific examples of the political involvement of totalitarian sects and their influence at different levels of government in Ukraine and in the Russian Federation, as well as the resulting damage. Considering the scale of totalitarian sects' activities in Russia — hundreds of such organizations are involved, up to 1 million people in total — the author emphasizes their use by foreign intelligence services, which poses a threat to Russia's national security.
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Vorontsov, Roman I. "The Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language as a Reflection of Economic Change: Semantic Dynamics of Words with the Root Torg-." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/9.
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The article deals with the dynamics of a fragment of the Russian linguistic worldview projected onto the experience of academic lexicography. Based on the data extracted from the three editions of the Great Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language (also referred to as the Dictionary), which serves as a reflection of the 80-yearlong history of the Soviet and Russian society, the sociocultural dynamics of a conceptual view of economy and trade is uncovered through its lexical, semantic and lexicographic realization. The aim of the research is to analyze the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- [trade] based on the Dictionary data. This includes the study of the lexicographic interpretation of these words as well as the justification of new lexicographic solutions. The key attention is paid to a number of polysemantic words: torg, torgovat’, torgovat’sya, torgovlya, torgovyy. In the course of the research, the method of componential semantic analysis is applied together with the comparison of the entries from different editions of the Dictionary and with the selection of text illustrations by means of linguistic corpora. Two aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with root torg- are discussed: 1) reflection of lexicographic principles adopted by the authors of the Dictionary and 2) lexical and semantic objectivation of the Russian linguistic worldview. The first aspect is represented by the trend of semantic differentiation typical of the Dictionary and manifested in both enlargement and specification of the word semantic structure. Syncretic meanings that can be seen in the first edition are later splintered into separate meanings or even shades of meaning (torgash, torgashestvo, torgovat’). The sociocultural dynamics is presented by a number of linguistic trends. The first trend is generating new collocations, and the adjective torgovyy shows here the highest productivity. Adjacent to it stands the active formation of compound words beginning with torgovo-. The second (controversial) trend is obsolescence of words and meanings: notions of the Soviet economy are going out of use (torg as a ‘trade institution’). The third trend is actualization of obsolete words and meanings, which is often only illusive. In the Soviet period, many notions of economy were considered inadmissible or typical of the Czarist era, hence, these words were defined as obsolete ones. However, the historic change of the early 1990s showed that this part of vocabulary was always commonly used, even in the Soviet texts that could not serve as a source of illustrations due to censorship. Thus, the considered aspects of the semantic dynamics of the words with the root torg- demonstrate the general way of conceptualizing the economic sphere by the Russians. It is mainly reflected in the social revaluation of the market relations, trade, and entrepreneurship. The lexical and semantic objectivation of this revaluation requires shrewd lexicographic solutions.
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Bakharev, Dmitry S., and Elena M. Glavatskaya. "The orthodox landscape in Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) before the Word War II: historical and statistical analysis." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 5, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2019-5-2-133-152.
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This article focuses on the decline of the Russian Orthodox Church landscape during the period 1917-1941 in one of the key Russian provincial cities — Ekaterinburg (named Sverdlovsk in 1924). It was during this period that the Soviet state carried out the most comprehensive attacks on religion, closing churches, destroying religious organizations and their buildings as well as persecuting religious leaders. We use the “religious landscape” concept to analyze the evolution of the religious situation in the city. However, we studied not only the main markers of religion in Ekaterinburg, but also the number of parishioners and the frequency of everyday religious rites. The study is based on documents extracted from the local archives and statistical aggregates. This allowed us to reconstruct the decline of the Orthodox landscape and its main features in three different periods between 1917 and 1941. We argue that the Bolsheviks’ anti-religious measures in the 1920s should be considered as part of the general European secularization, which started before 1917. The data obtained give grounds to put forward a hypothesis about the weak effect of the Bolsheviks’ measures regarding the Orthodox Church nucleus — its active parishioners, for about 25% of the city’s population kept practicing the main religious rites until the mid-1930s.
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Sharpe, M. E. "A Word About the Change from Soviet Sociology to Sociological Research: A Journal of Translations from Russian." Sociological Research 31, no. 1 (January 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-015431012.
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Kolb, Patricia A. "A Word About the Change of Title from Soviet Law and Government to Russian Politics and Law." Russian Politics & Law 31, no. 1 (July 1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rup1061-194031012.
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Goscilo, Helena. "Between the gangster and the country gentleman: Male fashion during the volatile 1990s." Critical Studies in Men???s Fashion 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00004_1.
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Official de-Sovietization during the chaotic 1990s ushered in ‘The New’ – ostensibly, a new sociopolitical and economic order, a new business vocabulary, the new word ‘rossiiane’ for Russian citizens, the New Russians and the new genre of male fashion. Much of the new, in fact, recuperated the pre-Soviet old, including appropriation of western styles in sundry walks of life. Within male fashion, sartorial choice signalled allegiance to the ‘new’ order, financial and social status, individualism or membership in various collectives. Glossies targeting a male readership served as both primers and advertisements for men intent on forging an identity expressed in sartorial choices derived from such western modes as grunge, pop, Mafia, British rural garb and youth-eclectic ‘casual’. For better and worse, that plethora reflected the seemingly endless options for the country during the Yeltsin era.
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Фролова, Ольга. "Номинации социологических страт: коннотации и оценка." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, no. 43 (November 26, 2018): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2018.43.5.
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The article examines the semantics of social status nominations in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The values of nouns of the nobility, peasants, serfs, merchants, courtiers, and intellectuals are analyzed. Using material from the National Russian Corpus, word combinations with these adjectives are considered, which allows us to reveal the connotations of social status. The adjective 'courtier' has formed the meaning 'close to the power and serving its interests', because it is freely combined with the names of professions whose representatives are deprived of an independent position: journalist, sociologist, director.
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Shunikov, Vladimir L. "DISCURSIVE AND GENRE EXPERIMENTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN DRAMA." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 9 (2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-9-152-160.
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The article considers an influence of the genre traditions and discurses on Russian drama of the late 20th and early 21st century. The influence of documentary theater and the illusion of non-fictional speech created in G. Sinkina, A. Rodinov, Yu. Klavdiev, L. Mulmenko drama is noted. Pedaling the authenticity of character’s word is manifested by the verbatim technique – and at the same time returns the drama to the strivings of the early Soviet theater. The article also considers a correlation of the verbal and written discourses, their genre diversity as well as the ratio of the monologue – and dialogic potential of the texts written by N. Kolyada, A. Slapovsky, V. Levanov, V. Zueva, Ya. Pulinovich, E. Grishkovets, I. Vyrypaev, E. Isaeva, N. Vorozhbit, S. Reshetnikov. It takes into consideration the genre forms mixing what determines the structure of the play and its perception by reader-spectator. In particular, the research focuses on the literary and stage manifestations of the diptych – play in works of A. Zenzinov and V. Zabaluev, S. Zlotnikov, D. Gumenniy . The author of the article refers to the interaction of drama with other arts, both the visual (O. Mukhina’s plays) and sounding (I. Vyrypayev “Oxygen”), as well as modern media formats that determine the genre nature of the latest works for the stage (plays by A. Vartanov, R. Malikov). Special attention is paid to “network drama”, which qualitatively changes the structural principles for works in that kind of literature and motivates to rethink the categories of “drama world”, “character”, “conflict”, “plot”.
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Parfentyeva, Elizaveta N. "Trends of the Song Genre Development in the Soviet/Russian Cinema in 1930-1960s years." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik10132-42.
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The song is the most democratic and popular musical genre widely used in cinema art, beginning with the silent period. Due to its rhythmic-melodic and compositional characteristics, the song provides great opportunities for its various usage as a structural element of a film and in the creation of the unique sound-visual imagery. In Russian cinema the song reflected not only the artistic but also socio-historical features of its time, some of which have only recently been clarified, with the discovery and publication of previously inaccessible archival sources. A lot of documentary and archival materials, often labeled "top secret" which have been available only by the end of 1980s, reveals the dramatic and sometimes tragic confrontation between the ideologists of Socialist Realism and the supporters of the so-called Formalism, and those simply evading the "general line of the Party". The discovery of the inner world of an individual (as distinguished from the collectivist), shown in chamber wartime pictures, finds its continuation in the cinema of the late 1950s-1960s. Of particular importance are the text and even the single word of the song, and also the personality of the performer, expressed in a unique manner of singing, in a special intonation and timbre, which do not always presuppose presence of a professional strong voice. The song is an indicator of many processes taking place in Russian society, which is also relevant for the newest Russian cinema. The song in the modern film becomes, on the one hand, a sign of the hero's belonging to a certain subculture, and on the other hand - the expression of ones otherness and inner loneliness. The article defines the important trends in the development of the song genre in Soviet-Russian cinema for several decades, which makes it possible to create a basis for analyzing new audiovisual phenomena in the newest Russian cinema.
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Lyublinskaya, Marina. "A Nenets vocabulary from the archive of Vladimir Evladov in Salekhard." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 119–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2020.11.2.08.
Full textAbstract:
The archive of the Salekhard District Museum and Exhibition Complex named after I. S. Šemanovskij hosts a Tundra Nenets word list which was compiled for a practical dictionary by the topographer and land surveyor Vladimir Petrovič Evladov. Evladov collected this material between 1926 and 1935 during three expeditions to the Yamal Peninsula. He also consulted with students of the Institute of Northern Peoples in Leningrad. The material consists of two word lists, a Nenets-Russian and a Russian- Nenets one. The material reflects Tundra Nenets pronunciation and the meaning of lexemes around these years. It is important for studies on the period of language construction in Soviet Russia. We publish here the Nenets-Russian vocabulary in the Unified Northern Alphabet.
Kokkuvõte. Marina Ljublinskaja: Neenetsi sõnastik Vladimir Evladovi arhiivist Salehardis. Salehardi I. S. Šemanovskij nimelises ringkonnamuuseumis ja näitusekompleksis asub tundraneenetsi sõnaloend, mille koostas praktilise sõnastikuna topograaf ja maamõõtja Vladimir Petrovič Evladov, kes kogus selle jaoks materjali oma ekspeditsioonil 1926. ja 1935. aasta vahel. Ka konsulteeris ta Leningradis Põhjarahvaste Instituudi üliõpilastega. Andmestik koosneb kahest sõnaloendist: üks neenetsi-vene suunal ja teine vene-neenetsi suunal. Materjal kajastab tolleaegset tundraneenetsi hääldust ja lekseemide tähendusi ja on oluline uurimaks keelekonstrueerimise perioodi Nõukogude Venemaal. Uurimus sisaldab neenetsi-vene sõnastikku ühtses põhjarahvaste tähestikus.
Аннотация. Марина Люблинская: Ненецкий словарь из архива В. П. Евладова в Салехарде. В архиве музейно-выставочного комплекса в городе Салехарде (ЯНАО) хранятся списки слов на ненецком языке, собранные топографом и землеустроителем В. П. Евладовым. Слова были записаны в 1926–35 годах во время исследовательских экспедиций по Ямалу для составления практического словаря. Между поездками Евладов обсуждал материал с ненецкими студентами института Народов Севера в Ленинграде. Готовилось два словаря – ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, которые так и не были изданы. Записи Евладова передают произношение и значене ненецких слов в начале XX века. Также материал значим для изучения периода языкового строительства в Советской России. Ниже публикуется ненецко-русская часть словаря, записанная Единым Северным алфавитом.
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Hu, Weiyang. "Tatar influence upon the formation of the Russian postal (yamskaya) system: historiography of the problem." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.1.34475.
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Yamskaya mail delivery as the postal communication system played an important role for the Russian State. The word “yam” is of Turkic origin. The Tatar post stations were known as “yamy”. In order to understand the degree of influence of the Golden Horde on the Russian lands, it is crucial to understand what influence the Tatar (yamskaya) postal system had upon the formation of the Russian postal (yamskaya) service. This question has the scholars’ attention; however, there is yet no uniform opinion. The subject of this research is the factor of the Tatar influence upon establishment of the Russian postal (yamskaya) system. The object is the scientific works of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern Russian scholars on the topic. The studies are demonstrated in chronological order. The article employs the traditional methods of historiographical research: historical-narrative and historical-comparative. As a result, the author determines the three groups of researchers: 1) Scholars, who recognize the considerable influence of the conquerors upon the formation of the Russian postal (yamskaya) service. Their conclusions indicate direct participation of Tatars in establishment of the Russian postal system, or taking the Mongolian system as an example; 2) Historians who denied the influence of the Tatar postal (yamskaya) system upon the formation of the Russian postal service. 3) Researchers who believe that the influence of the conquerors was significant, however not determinant for the Russian postal service. The experts underline the borrowing of terminology and introduction of the new postal tax.
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Obushnyi, Mykola. "FEATURES OF ETHNOCULTURAL ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN RUSSIA IN THE AGE OF PUTINISM." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 28 (2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2021.28.13.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian diaspora organizations ethnocultural activity peculiarities in the Russian Federation (RF), the beginning of which is connected with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the proclamation of Ukraine‟s independence (1991). The author connects their appearance with the growth of national consciousness, which was based on the idea of Ukraine‟s independence. This idea has always been perceived extremely negatively and cautiously by the ruling class of Russia, as well as by a significant number of Russians, at all times when Ukrainians were under the imperial roof. Even in the conditions of the total crisis at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, when the systemic disintegration of the USSR began, the Communist Party leadership constantly kept the "Ukrainian question" in view. This is confirmed, in particular, by the termination in 1989 of the magazine "Ukrainian Question", the publication of which was organized by the Moscow branch of the "Ukrainian Helsinki Union". A similar fate befell a number of other Ukrainian communities already in modern Russia. Among them are the two largest all-Russian diaspora organizations of Ukrainians in Russia: the Union of Ukrainians of Russia (ESD) and the Federal National-Cultural Autonomy "Ukrainians of Russia" (FNKAUR). The analysis below shows that their activities were carried out in accordance with Russian legislation, in particular the Federal Law of Russia "On National and Cultural Autonomy" and was aimed at organizing and conducting ethnocultural work among Ukrainians. However, Putin's leadership found "evidence of political activity" from both ESD and FNKAUR and banned their activities by court order. In fact, the main reasons for the author's cessation are the independence policy of modern Ukraine and the leaders of Ukrainian diasporas, their "disobedience" to pursue Russia's state imperial policy among Ukrainians, and their unwillingness to ignore the ethnocultural needs of Ukrainians. Currently, there is no all-Russian organization of Ukrainians in Russia. Activists of the Ukrainian diaspora have repeatedly, and since 2014, tried to register at least one of them, but they are constantly denied on the grounds that they will allegedly "glorify Bandera" and negatively affect Ukrainian-Russian relations. In fact, the reason is different, namely, in the traditional imperialism not only of Russia's ruling class, but also of a significant number of Russians who do not see a Russian neo-empire without Ukraine. This Russian propaganda cliché penetrated deeply not only into the consciousness of Russians, but also distorted the national consciousness of a significant number of Ukrainians in Russia, who cease to identify themselves as Ukrainians. The article emphasizes that the deidentification of our compatriots is based on persecution, harassment, contempt, not only the Kremlin authorities, but also a significant number of Russians towards Ukrainians in Russia.
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Karolak-Michalska, Magdalena. "Ruchy etnopolityczne mniejszości rosyjskiej w państwach byłego ZSRR po aneksji Krymu do Rosji." Cywilizacja i Polityka 15, no. 15 (October 26, 2017): 264–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5471.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the ethno-political movements of the Russian minority in post-Soviet countries after the annexation of the Crimea to Russia and attempt to answer the research question: how annexation of the Crimea caused and / or strengthened among the Russian minority living in those countries with separatist tendencies. The author analyzes the activity of Russians living in former Soviet republics selected, pointing to their behavior towards annexation and activity within the organization in which they operate. In his concluding remarks comes to the conclusion that due to the annexation of the Crimea to Russia, ethno-political movements of the Russian minority in post-Soviet area will be even more strongly oppose discrimination against the Russian people and actively fight for their rights. The current activity of the Russian post-Soviet area suggests that they will continue to work towards achieving its goals, while activity is (also of a separatist) will depend largely on domestic policy the authorities of the country in which they live, as well as the Kremlin's policy to compatriots abroad.
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Tikunov, V. S. "FEATURES OF EARLY SOVIET RELIGIOUS STUDIES ON THE BASIS OF ANALYSIS OF LIFE AND CREATIVE ACTIVITY A. T. LUKACHEVSKY." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-1-113.
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In the study of the history of early Soviet religious studies (1917–1931), one of the urgent problems is the question of the relationship between the science of religion and ideology, the competence of atheist authors and the scientific nature of their works. Studying the history of science is a fundamental process and religious studies are no exception. An attempt to reconstruct the way in which Soviet scientists carried out an approach to the study of religion in the USSR is of great scientific importance for the formation of modern religious studies. For modern Russian religious studies, the problem of studying its own history, the search for an original tradition in the Russian science of religion, the formation of a general idea of the place that it occupies in the humanities is very urgent. The main applied methods used in the writing of this article were comparative, systemic and structural-func-tional methods. The materials of archival data on the biography and work of the Soviet researcher of religion and an appeal to the current Russian discussion about the Soviet study of religion made it possible to determine in what way Soviet scientists carried out an approach to the study of religion. In the article, we turned to the well-known discussion between K. M. Antonov and M. M. Shakhnovich on the Soviet study of religion. The first position is K. M. Antonova, who expresses that the Soviet study of religion is not scientific in nature. The second position is that it is too early to draw any conclusions, since there is a lot of unexplored archival data that could present religious studies in the Soviet Union in a new light – refer to M. M. Shakhnovich. Taking both sides into account, we turn to the debut work “Essays on the History of Atheism” by one of the first Soviet researchers of religion – A. T. Lukachevsky, who was not only a scientist, but also known as the deputy chairman of the Union of Militant Atheists of the USSR, the International of Proletarian Freethink¬ers, deputy editor of the journal Anti-Religious. In modern religious studies, you can often find references to the works of Lukachevsky, but despite this fact, there are no special works devoted to the activities of the Soviet re¬searcher (or propagandist?), And the references did not go beyond formal statements. The purpose of our work is to find out whether Lukachevsky pursued religious studies in his work, or whether the work is predominantly propagandistic in nature. The analysis of the “Sketches ...” is supported by the recon-struction of the researcher’s biography, which for the first time in the history of Russian science is introduced into scientific circulation, thanks to the archival documents found in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this article, we turned directly to the representatives of scientific atheism, thanks to which, as we think, influ-enced the study of this phenomenon. This article contributes to modern religious studies discourse about whether the Soviet science of religion was a science in the full sense of the word.
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Arzamastseva, Irina N., and Yang Liping. "The art of ceramics in the works of E.Ya. Danko: “Vase of Chinese Khan”, “Ceramic Cup” and “Chinese Secret”." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-1-91-100.
Full textAbstract:
This article is the first try to research the connection between the art of ceramics and word in the work of children's writer and artist E.Ya. Danko. The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand the idea of the image of China in Soviet children's literature of the 1920s. Compared to the history of Russian poetry, the poems “Ceramic Cup”, “Chinese Secret” and the novel “Vase of Chinese Khan” are considered diachronically, and synchronously - in the context of the indestructible myth of Ancient China and the Chinese proletarian revolution. Special attention is paid to the genesis of the ideal image of China in the work of E.Ya. Danko, which traces back to the ideas of F.M.A. Voltaire, M.V. Lomonosov and Russian poets of the XIX - early XX centuries. Works by E.Ya. Danko meets the idea of A.M. Gorky - to create literature on factories, crafts, and technology. In her works about China, upholding the classical understanding of Chinese culture and admiring the talent and hard work of the Chinese people, E.Ya. Danko found a way out of the chaos of the 1920s.
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Guliyeva, Kamala Vasif. "Different Approaches to the Objects of Phraseology in Linguistics." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 4 (July 14, 2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n4p104.
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<p>The article deals with phraseology and its object. Phraseology is known to be one of the difficult, debatable and interesting parts of linguistics. It appeared in the middle of the 19th century as a science, and was firstly dealt widely with by the scholars of the post-Soviet country. The early researchers of phraseology were Russian scholars and linguists such as Abakumov, Reformatski, Arnold, Bulakhovski, Ojegov, Amosova, Vinogradov, etc. Though being mostly investigated by Russian specialist, phraseology has been the target of the research of the following Azerbaijan linguists—Seyidov, Shiraliyev, Bayramov, Rustamov, Huseynzade, & Veliyeva. The subject matter of phraseology was very interesting to most linguists, however, it was impossible to originate a single theory on phraseology.</p><p>In this article we have touched upon the main terms used in phraseology, such as, set expression, idiom, set phrase, fixed word-groups, word-equivalent, phraseological unit, etc. These terms are defined differently by some scholars. Connotational and denotational meanings of phraseological units are described discussed here. Besides, three approaches to the study of phraseological units (semantic approach, functional approach, contextual approach) are discussed in details.</p>
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Murha, Tetiana. "Freedom and liberty: the influence of the ideology of the polish uprising of 1830 on Russian philosophy and literature." Grani 24, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172116.
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The relevance of the topic is due to the history of the concept of freedom in the Russian, Polish and Ukrainian thesauri in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Because the concept of "freedom" is important in shaping the national identities of these Slavic peoples.The aim of the article was to consider the causes of metamorphoses that occurred in the use of words and changes in the connotations of the concept of "freedom". It is determined that the development of philosophical ideas about freedom in Russia in the early nineteenth century is influenced by two contradictory tendencies: nihilistic-deterministic and religious-libertarian. It is studied that in the Soviet official philosophy and ideology the concept of "freedom" acquires ritual-official and rational-determinist meaning ("freedom as a known necessity"). In contrast, "freedom" is replaced by the concept of "freedom", which has acquired positive connotations. At the same time, the identification of "freedom" with "arbitrariness" in recent years has been a source of Russian anti-liberal discourse.Conclusions. The concept of "freedom" in literature, official documents and philosophical considerations originally had two verbal reflections "liberty" and "freedom". And the first of them actually dominated until the early nineteenth century. Its meanings were related to the influence of Polish political principles and the Ukrainian Orthodox tradition, which was spread by graduates of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium (Academy). At the same time, it was gradually supplanted by another word, "liberty," especially under the influence of the reaction to the events and slogans of the French Revolution.