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Journal articles on the topic 'Sowa-Rigpa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Tashi Stobgais, Tashi Stobgais. "Traditional quality control parameters for medicinal plants to be used in Sowa-Rigpa and Ayurveda medicine." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 2 (2025): 1751–58. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100217511758.

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Sowa-Rigpa is recognized and promoted as a traditional medical system by Government of India. Along with spread of Buddhism, Sowa-Rigpa also spread to other neighboring countries. It is interesting to note that Sowa-Rigpa shares similarity with the principles or philosophy of Ayurveda since most of the literature in SowaRigpa (approximately more than 75%) is adaptive from the most famous treatise of Ayurveda, i.e., AshtangaHridaya in one or other form. Many (more than 75%) of the commonly used herbs used in Ayurveda (Indian origin) viz., Triphala, Ashoka, Ashwagandha, Guggulu, Haridra etc. are

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2

Pravin, Jawanjal. "SOWA RIGPA Tibetan System of Medicine." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 258–60. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18439.

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"Sowa Rigpa" commonly known as Tibetan system of medicine is one of the oldest, Living and well documented medical tradition of the world. It has been originated from Tibet and popularly practice in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia and Russia. The majority of theory and practice of Sowa Rigpa is similar to "Ayurveda". Pravin Jawanjal "SOWA-RIGPA Tibetan System of Medicine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18439.pdf

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3

Tidwell, Tawny L., and James H. Nettles. "Conceptions of Potency, Purity, and Synergy-by-Design." HIMALAYA 39, no. 1 (2019): 129–49. https://doi.org/10.2218/himalaya.2019.7881.

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Sowa Rigpa institutions and practitioners have growing interest in examining and legitimizing Sowa Rigpa formulas vis-à-vis pharmacological research methods, seeking scientific validation of what they view as ‘potency’ and ‘purity’ for their formulas. Likewise, the pharmacology researchers have demonstrated renewed interest in herbal medical traditions in mining for new drugs to address resistance, toxicity, and optimize what they view as ‘potency’ and ‘purity.’ However, differing conceptualizations emerge when the pharmacological drug discovery process is examined to determine what is being a

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4

Phuntsho, Sonam, and Sangay Wangdi. "Research Seminars at the Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University, 2021-2023." Bhutan Sorig Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bsj.0007050327.

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The journey of adopting a research approach in transforming Sowa Rigpa into an evidence-based health system in Bhutan has just commenced and will continue to strive towards achieving new heights in the field of Sowa Rigpa. In pursuit of making the conference accessible and inclusive, starting in 2024, the Faculty is organizing a national-level conference, opening the platform to all the budding researchers within the country to present and disseminate their research findings. Through research conferences, the Faculty of Traditional Medicine remains committed to promoting ideas for research, in

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5

Tamang, Monu, Pema Wangda, Deborah O. Shomuyiwa, and Sanga Chophel. "Strengthening Bhutanese Traditional Medicine in healthcare service delivery in Bhutan." Bhutan Sorig Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bsj.0005050304.

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Bhutanese Traditional Medicine, known as Sowa Rigpa, deeply rooted in the country’s cultural and religious heritage, plays a significant role in healthcare service delivery in Bhutan. This commentary explores the evolution and current landscape of Sowa Rigpa within the context of the nation’s healthcare system. While traditional medicine services have expanded over the years, challenges such as scepticism regarding scientific validity, inadequate infection control measures and concerns about the sustainability of medicinal plants persist. To address these challenges, recommendations, including

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Blaikie, Calum. "Mainstreaming Marginality." Asian Medicine 14, no. 1 (2019): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341438.

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Abstract This article examines the “mainstreaming” of Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan medicine) into primary healthcare in Ladakh, Himalayan India. It explores fields largely overlooked by existing studies of medical integration, such as the social dynamics of public health facilities, the effects of limited drug supplies, and changes in medicine production. Although Sowa Rigpa practitioners experience aspects of their integration as positive, it is also forcing approaches toward prescription practice, patient care, and pharmaceutical production that are at odds with their clinical, social, ethical, and p

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7

Jawanjal, Pravin. "SOWA-RIGPA Tibetan System of Medicine." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-6 (2018): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18439.

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8

Gerke, Barbara. "Sowa Rigpa, Vajrayana Buddhism, and COVID-19 Vaccines in India and Bhutan." Asian Medicine 19, no. 1 (2024): 164–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341553.

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Abstract In this paper, I explore how both the Central Tibetan Administration in Dharamsala, India, and the Bhutanese government utilized Buddhist leaders and religious practices to promote public health measures during the pandemic, considering that there was a high acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination in these Buddhist communities. I also touch upon how classical Sowa Rigpa understandings of infectious disease transmission and prevention might have played a role in vaccination acceptance. I hypothesize that Buddhist leaders in Dharamsala and in Bhutan were able to utilize their authority

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9

Blaikie, C. "Currents of Tradition in Sowa Rigpa Pharmacy." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 7, no. 3 (2013): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-2332223.

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10

Sonam, Sonam. "Principle of nutrition and dietetics in sowa rigpa." Bhutan Health Journal 2, no. 1 (2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.24.

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All living beings need food to live. It is a means of good life, health, and wellness. Inappropriate food will cause diseases and at the same time, food is the first medication against diseases. Just like anything in the universe, food is made of five elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space. A balanced diet should contain all of the five elements. Although all plants contain these five elements, the varying ratios found in different plants make the six tastes: Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, Pungent, and Astringent. A different taste has different functions in our body. Deficiency or an exces

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11

Ghimire, Suresh K., Ashish Dhami, and Gyatso Bista. "The nature and status of Fritillaria cirrhosa: A key source of ‘a bi sa’ in Sowa Rigpa Medicine in Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 16 (June 9, 2025): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.3126/botor.v16i1.79989.

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Sowa Rigpa, also known as Tibetan or Amchi medicine, is one of the traditional systems of medicine practiced across an extensive region of South, Central, and East Asia. Sowa Rigpa pharmacopeia is based on plants, animals, minerals, and other natural substances. Among the plant-based ingredients, a bi sa is derived from different Himalayan species belonging to the family Liliaceae. The most commonly used plant species as a source of a bi sa in Nepal is Fritillaria cirrhosa. However, F. cirrhosa is highly threatened throughout the Himalayas mainly due to the overharvesting of its underground bu

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12

van der Valk, Jan M. A. "The Resurgence of a Tibetan Medical Hauntology." Environmental Humanities 16, no. 3 (2024): 807–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-11327292.

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Abstract During the first wave of COVID-19 and the ensuing “anthropause” enforced by lockdown policies, Tibetan medicine (Sowa Rigpa) rapidly emerged as a key interface through which Tibetan, Himalayan, and online communities responded to the spread of the virus. Apart from a host of preventative, protective, and curative measures—ranging from pills to amulets and mantras—the root causes for the pandemic’s appearance and spread were framed through the interrelated lenses of Tibetan medical etiology and morally infused cosmologies. This digital anthropological study is based on an unprecedented

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13

Blaikie, Calum. "Critically Endangered? Medicinal Plant Cultivation and the Reconfiguration of Sowa Rigpa in Ladakh." Asian Medicine 5, no. 2 (2009): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342109x568801.

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Despite the increasing attention being paid to Himalayan medicinal plants in various realms over recent years, the effects of resource depletion, and of attempts to control it, on the medical traditions that depend directly upon these plants remain largely in shadow. This article seeks to illuminate this lacuna by examining the relationships developing between medicinal plant conservation and Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan medicine) in Ladakh, Himalayan India. I discuss four cultivation projects, their contributions to emergent patterns of medicine production and their positioning within the wider transf

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14

Craig, Sienna. "The Efficacy of Collaboration: Tibetan Medicine Across Countries and Conversations." Asian Medicine 10, no. 1-2 (2015): 152–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341343.

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First delivered as a plenary lecture at the ictam viii congress in September 2013 in South Korea, this paper discusses two interdisciplinary and collaborative workshops focusing on Tibetan medicine (also known as Sowa Rigpa) in contemporary contexts. The first event, which took place in December 2011, brought together nearly 40 practitioners of Sowa Rigpa from the greater Himalaya and Tibetan regions of the People’s Republic of China (prc), along with four anthropologists, for intensive, interactive discussions on pharmacology by making medicines together. The second event, which took place in

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15

Singh, Mansi, A. K. Sinha, and Rajni Lamba. "bonpa indigenous cure system of sowa rigpa or ‘science of healing’ practices." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S2 (2021): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1609.

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The Tibetan medicinal system is among the oldest known healing traditions practiced in the world. History is witness to the fact that there is a vast treasure trove of indigenous knowledge and practices. It offers a holistic treatment system that is aimed at regulating and maintaining an astute balance of the functional principles defining human existence through mind and body. Indigenous medicine is an integral part of the Tibetan culture and has grown and developed across several centuries and geographical spaces. The origins of Tibetan system that pertain to the Bon religious tenets are app

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16

Kloos, Stephan. "Humanitarianism from Below: Sowa Rigpa, the Traditional Pharmaceutical Industry, and Global Health." Medical Anthropology 39, no. 2 (2019): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2019.1587423.

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17

Kloos, Stephan. "The Pharmaceutical Assemblage: Rethinking Sowa Rigpa and the Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry in Asia." Current Anthropology 58, no. 6 (2017): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/693896.

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18

Craig, Sienna R., Barbara Gerke, and Victoria Sheldon. "Sowa Rigpa Humanitarianism: Local Logics of Care within a Global Politics of Compassion." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 34, no. 2 (2020): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maq.12561.

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19

Kloos, Stephan, Harilal Madhavan, Tawni Tidwell, Calum Blaikie, and Mingji Cuomu. "The transnational Sowa Rigpa industry in Asia: New perspectives on an emerging economy." Social Science & Medicine 245 (January 2020): 112617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112617.

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20

Dhondrup, Wüntrang, Tawni Tidwell, Xiaobo Wang, et al. "Tibetan Medical informatics: An emerging field in Sowa Rigpa pharmacological & clinical research." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 250 (March 2020): 112481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112481.

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21

Bevinamarad, Sneha, and Priya V. Patil. "A Study to Determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Usage of Traditional (AYUSH) Systems of Medicine among the Students Seeking Admission to the Bachelor in Homoeopathic Medicine and Surgery (BHMS) Course - Telangana, India." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (2023): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230850.

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AYUSH system of medicines consists of seven systems - Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa- Rigpa, and Homeopathy.1 Apart from these many other systems like, acupuncture, Chinese medicines, Chiropractic and osteopathic medicine, etc. are included under Complementary and Alternative medicines (CAM). In India, only the above-mentioned. AYUSH systems and educational courses related to these systems are considered under medical stream. AYUSH medicines though are popular among people, the knowledge regarding these systems in medical science and medical course is not evident. Hence this

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22

Patil, Aditya Dilipkumar. "Revamping homoeopathy from Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940 to New Drugs, Medical Devices and Cosmetics Bill, 2022; A perspective. of 1." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 21, cf (2023): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21icf.1254.

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Government of India at its 72nd year of republic had drafted the new bill entitled “New Drugs, Medical Devices and Cosmetics Bill 2022” which seeks to replace the existing “Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940”. Earlier in this Act, Chapter V mentions the support of regulatory authority for Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani drug. However the new draft of bill includes Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathic drugs and proposes to develop new innovative drugs by establishing their scientific research board. Owing to the new suggestions put forth in this new draft an opinion is addressed in this letter concerned with quality

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23

Parsekar, Shradha S., Nachiket Gudi, Sujata Chodankar Walke, et al. "Complementary and alternative system of medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: A scoping review." F1000Research 11 (November 28, 2023): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.118147.2.

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Background This review aims to map the evidence on the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications and identify research gaps in key outcomes and CAMs. Methods Our scoping review was informed by Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We searched electronic databases from inception to March 2020 and references of included studies. The experimental and non-randomized studies with intervention and control arm were mapped based on the effectiveness of various CAM (Yoga, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha, Naturopathy, U

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Parsekar, Shradha S., Nachiket Gudi, Sujata Chodankar Walke, et al. "Complementary and alternative system of medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: A scoping review." F1000Research 11 (January 25, 2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.118147.3.

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Background This review aims to map the evidence on the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications and identify research gaps in key outcomes and CAMs. Methods Our scoping review was informed by Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We searched electronic databases from inception to March 2020 and references of included studies. The experimental and non-randomized studies with intervention and control arm were mapped based on the effectiveness of various CAM (Yoga, Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha, Naturopathy, U

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25

Jagtap, Manoj, and Jyoti Jagtap. "Future Impact of Implementation of New MSE by NCISM on 1 BAMS students." YMT International Journal of Ayurvedic System of Medicine (YIJASM) 1, no. 1 (2022): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56136/yijasm/2022_00034.

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National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) is implemented from June 2021. Old IMCC Act 1970 was replaced by NCISM Act 2020. NCISM is national commission to improve access to quality and affordable Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Rigpa (AUS&SR) medical education. In order to this Minimum Standards of Education (MSE-UG) was published on February this year. This MSE has drawn many changes in the current education system of Ayurveda. These changes will be effective from first batch of BAMS admitting in April 2022 all over India uniformly. Right from eligibility criteria for BAM

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26

Wangyal, Rigdzin, Tawni Tidwell, Wüntrang Dhondrup, et al. "Dataset of materia medica in Sowa Rigpa: Tibetan medicine botanicals and Gawé Dorjé’s classification system." Data in Brief 33 (December 2020): 106498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106498.

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27

-, Tshokey, Kelzang -, Tshering Gyeltshen, and Monu Tamang. "Challenges in delivery of Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) services at Primary Healthcare Centres in Bhutan." Bhutan Sorig Journal 1, no. 2 (2024): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bsj.0011050814.

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Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (Sowa Rigpa) and allopathic medicine are integrated and state-funded in the three-tier healthcare system of Bhutan. Bhutanese Traditional Medicine services are available in all three levels of the healthcare system offering a range of services, from consultations to therapies and drug dispensations. Except for the National Traditional Medicine Hospital in Thimphu, all the centres across the country offer only outpatient services. Out of 81 traditional medicine centres, 55 centres are located at the primary level, serving people in different geographical areas of

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Yeshi, Karma, Paolo Morisco, and Phurpa Wangchuk. "Animal-derived natural products of Sowa Rigpa medicine: Their pharmacopoeial description, current utilization and zoological identification." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 207 (July 2017): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.009.

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29

Gregorczuk, Karol Gregorczuk. "Legal protection of traditional medicine in India." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no. 25 (June 29, 2024): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.24.011.19873.

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Specjalistyczna wiedza medyczna zaczęła się rozwijać na obszarze subkontynentu indyjskiego już w czasach starożytnych. Obejmuje ona wiedzę, umiejętności i praktyki oparte na teoriach, przekonaniach i doświadczeniach kolejnych pokoleń, ukształtowanych w trakcie rozwoju historycznego. Tradycyjna medycyna indyjska nie jest jednolitym systemem, lecz dzieli się na kilka podsystemów, tj. Ayurveda, Siddha (medycyna tamilska), Unani (medycyna persko-arabska), Sowa-Rigpa (medycyna tybetańska). W tym przypadku wykorzystuje się w szerokim zakresie naturalne metody leczenia, takie jak m.in. ziołolecznictw

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30

Ng, Jeremy Y., and Tanuja Manoj Nesari. "The importance of reporting guidelines for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy Research." International Journal of Ayurveda Research 5, no. 4 (2024): 244–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijar.ijar_277_24.

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As research within Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) continues to expand, there is an increasing need for standardized reporting guidelines to ensure the clarity, replicability, and utility of research findings. This editorial discusses the unique challenges that AYUSH research faces in aligning with existing health research standards and highlights the benefits of tailored reporting guidelines. Reporting guidelines can improve the transparency and consistency of AYUSH studies, facilitating their inclusion in systematic reviews and supporting inf

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31

Lamo, Kunzang, Padma Gurmet, and Tsewang Rinchen. "Studies on pollen performance in some endangered medicinal and aromatic plants of cold desert Ladakh." Environment Conservation Journal 25, no. 3 (2024): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.27132801.

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The study was carried out at the Trans-Himalayan Herbal Garden, located at the National Institute of Sowa Rigpa-Leh, from 2021 to 2023. An assessment of pollen viability was conducted using seven significant medicinal and aromatic plants from the Ladakh region. Analysis of pollen vitality was conducted using the acetocarmine staining technique. The pollen viability of Inula racemosa Hook. f. ranged from 91.08 ± 1.39 % to 82.44 ± 1.48 % in Ephedra gerardiana Wall. Among the genus Inula racemosa, the highest percentage (91.08%) of viable pollens indicates a normal meiosis, whereas Ephedra gerard

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Angmo, Rigzin, Padma Gurmet, Tsewang Dolma, et al. "Studies on Some Medicinal Plants of Suru Valley of Ladakh Used in Sowa-Rigpa System of Medicine." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 02 (2019): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.031.

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33

BODH, SHANTI, S. YADAV, and P. GOSWAMI. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PULSE EXAMINATION DESCRIBED IN AYURVEDA AND SOWA RIGPA (TIBETAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE)." Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine (Est.1982) 23, no. 1-2 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jreim.82-1482043101.

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34

Lhamo, Namgay, and Sabine Nebel. "Perceptions and attitudes of bhutanese people on Sowa Rigpa, traditional bhutanese medicine: a preliminary study from Thimphu." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-3.

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35

Yeshi, Karma, Tendrel Wangdi, Namgyal Qusar, et al. "Geopharmaceuticals of Himalayan Sowa Rigpa medicine: Ethnopharmacological uses, mineral diversity, chemical identification and current utilization in Bhutan." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 223 (September 2018): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.007.

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Saxena, Shweta, Ashwani Kumar Bhardwaj, Vikas Kumar, Manoj Kumar Patel, Raj Kumar, and Om Prakash Chaurasia. "Sustainable Utilization of Medicinal Plants of Ladakh and Lahaul-Spiti of Trans-Himalaya." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12566.

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<p>Cold arid and high altitude region of the trans-Himalayas (Ladakh &amp; Lahaul-Spiti) is a unique region of the world where all non-native living beings experience noticeably hostile environments that make their survival much challenging compared to their respective natural dwelling niches. The region is characterized by extreme temperature variation, low precipitation mostly in the form of snow, thin atmosphere with high UV-radiation, less oxygen availability, high wind velocity, sparse plant density and fragile ecosystem. Interestingly, these adverse environmental conditions are

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Oli, Purna Bahadur, Deepak Raj Pant, Giri Prasad Joshi, and Shasi Bhushan Chaturwedi. "In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts of Swertia chirayita and Its Substitutes." Amrit Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2024): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.3126/arj.v5i1.73519.

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Species of the genus Swertia are among the important medicinal plants used for the treatment of various ailments in traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, etc. The therapeutic use of these species is attributed to the presence of bitter principles in their extracts. The present study involves evaluation of antidiabetic and antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of eight different species of Swertia from Nepal. The antidiabetic activity was evaluated by using an enzyme inhibition assay for α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro while antibacterial acti

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38

Singye, Jigme. "An approach to Illnessess by Traditional Medicine of Bhutan: An Introduction." Bhutan Health Journal 3, no. 1 (2017): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.42.

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Depending on the different ailments, various diagnostic tools like laboratory tests, X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imagery, and computerized topography scan are used in modern medicine. However, in Bhutanese traditional medicine the method of diagnosis is based on the medical text of Sowa-Rigpa, the ancient practices involving physical examination, questioning, pulsation, palpation and analysis of excretion. These enduring techniques of diagnosis use no modern technologies. The system has been practised in Bhutan for hundreds of years and has been officially establishment in 1967. Insi

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Ashwathy Kutty, Vijayan, Bidhan Mahajon, and VRakesh Narayanan. "Select flora of medicinal importance in Sowa-Rigpa and Ayurveda: An introductory note and pictorial exposition: Book review." Journal of Drug Research in Ayurvedic Sciences 6, no. 3 (2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdras.jdras_6_22.

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40

Patil, Aditya Dilipkumar. "Revisiting prophylaxis of homeopathic interventions in COVID 19." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 20, no. 4 (2021): 02–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v20i4.1098.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by novel beta-coronavirus has emerged as a cause of coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) declared by Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Korean oriental medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Indian systems of medicine known as AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy) had implemented various prophylactic measures and interim treatment guidelines in prevention and treatment for COVID -19 cases. However, even though different approaches were implemented to br

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Schwabl, Herbert, and Jan M. A. Van der Valk. "Challenging the Biomedical Notion of ‘Active Substance’." HIMALAYA 39, no. 1 (2023): 208–18. https://doi.org/10.2218/himalaya.2019.7885.

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Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan medicine) has been practiced across vast regions of Central and South Asia for centuries. In this medical tradition, it is common practice to dynamically adapt the mainly herbal formulas according to the regional flora and local conditions, and to use local variants of ingredients. Consequently, one Tibetan ingredient name within a specific formula can signify a variety of therapeutically fitting botanical items, which appear quite different from the perspective of modern taxonomy. This has led many researchers to understand the botanical plasticity of Tibetan medical formu

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42

Wangchuk, Phurpa, Simon Apte, Michael Smout, Penny Groves, Alex Loukas, and Denise Doolan. "Defined Small Molecules Produced by Himalayan Medicinal Plants Display Immunomodulatory Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (2018): 3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113490.

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Plant-derived compounds that modulate the immune responses are emerging as frontline treatment agents for cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. Herein we have isolated 40 phytochemicals from five Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicinal plants—Aconitum laciniatum, Ajania nubegina, Corydalis crispa, Corydalis dubia and Pleurospermum amabile—and tested 14 purified compounds for their immunomodulatory properties using a murine dendritic cell (DC) line, and cytotoxicity against a human cholangiocyte cell line using xCELLigence real time cell monitoring. These compounds were: pseudaconitine, 14-verat

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Nianggajia. "Exploring the Cross-cultural Journey of Tibetan Medicine in Modern China: A Case Study in Rebgong." China Perspectives 138 (2024): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12fwd.

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Tibetan medicine, also known as Sowa Rigpa (the science of healing) is the traditional medicine indigenous to Tibetan peoples across the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau. Historically, its aetiology, nosology, treatments, and training have been closely connected to Tibetan Buddhism, language, and environments. The last three or four decades of standardisation and commercialisation in China and beyond have brought Tibetan medicine, ideas, experts, and institutions to new patient groups and new markets. This study investigates the ways in which Tibetan medicine has moved out of Tibetan communit

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Yeshi, Karma, Pema Yangdon, Shakuli Kashyap, and Phurpa Wangchuk. "Antioxidant Activity and the Polyphenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Five High Altitude Medicinal Plants Used in Bhutanese Sowa rigpa Medicine." Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature 7, no. 1 (2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2017.1287593.

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Dhondrup, Wüntrang, Dungkar Tso, Rigdzin Wangyal, et al. "Dataset of illness classifications in Sowa Rigpa: Compilations from the Oral Instructions Treatise of the Tibetan medical classic (Rgyud bzhi)." Data in Brief 29 (April 2020): 105321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105321.

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Berra, Jorge Luis, Silvia Chernigoy, Karina Alvarez, and Maria Jose Wernisch. "Ashwagandha under fire: A critical scientific analysis of regulatory decisions." International Journal of Ayurveda Research 5, no. 3 (2024): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijar.ijar_192_24.

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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) is one of the most renowned Ayurvedic medicinal plants, extensively used in traditional Indian medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Sowa Rigpa for millennia. Its medicinal uses of the root are documented in ancient texts such as the Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita, and various Nighantus. Recognized globally, Ashwagandha is included in numerous pharmacopoeias, including the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), British Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeia. Despite its extensive use and documented benefits, Ashwagandha fa

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McKay, Alex, and Dorji Wangchuk. "Traditional Medicine in Bhutan." Asian Medicine 1, no. 1 (2005): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342105777996737.

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The Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is an independent state situated between China and India. It emerged as a unified polity in the early 17th century under the rule of an exiled Tibetan religious leader and much of its elite culture, including its medical traditions, were brought from Tibet during this period. The Bhutanese Traditional Medical system subsequently evolved distinct characteristics that enable it to be viewed as a separate part of the Himalayan tradition of Sowa Rigpa (̒the science of healing̓), which includes what is now known as Tibetan Medicine. After coming under the influence o

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Yeshi, Karma, Yangbum Gyal, Katharina Sabernig, et al. "An integrated medicine of Bhutan: Sowa Rigpa concepts, botanical identification, and the recorded phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the eastern Himalayan medicinal plants." European Journal of Integrative Medicine 29 (August 2019): 100927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100927.

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Basharat, Zarrin, Kanwal Khan, Khurshid Jalal, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser, Sania Majeed, and Marium Zehra. "Inferring Therapeutic Targets in Candida albicans and Possible Inhibition through Natural Products: A Binding and Physiological Based Pharmacokinetics Snapshot." Life 12, no. 11 (2022): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12111743.

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Despite being responsible for invasive infections, fungal pathogens have been underrepresented in computer aided therapeutic target mining and drug design. Excess of Candida albicans causes candidiasis, causative of thrush and vaginal infection due to off-balance. In this study, we attempted to mine drug targets (n = 46) using a subtractive proteomic approach in this pathogenic yeast and screen natural products with inhibition potential against fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) of the C. albicans. The top compound selected on the basis of best docking score from traditional Indian medicine/

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Wangdi, Tendrel. "Reporting of Tsakar (neuropathy) as the top-most common condition in Traditional Medicine centres in Bhutan: a review." Bhutan Sorig Journal 1, no. 1 (2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bsj.0009050403.

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Tsakar has been observed as the most common disease presenting at the Traditional Medicine centres across the country for the past five years. The proportion of patients with Tsakar ranges between 13.00% – 16.20% based on the annual statistics for the years 2019 – 2023. Tsakar in Traditional Medicine is equivalent to neuropathy in allopathic medicine. According to Sowa Rigpa, the main causes of Tsakar include rigorous labour and dysfunction of white channels which cause the imbalance of wind and blood in the body. The symptoms associated with Tsakar are physical deformation of mouths and eyes,

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