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Journal articles on the topic 'Soweto student uprising (1976)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Kgatla, Thias. "CLERGY’S RESISTANCE TO VENDA HOMELAND’S INDEPENDENCE IN THE 1970S AND 1980S." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1167.

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The article discusses the clergy’s role in the struggle against Venda’s “independence” in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as resistance to the apartheid policy of “separate development” for Venda. It also explores the policy of indirect white rule through the replacement of real community leaders with incompetent, easily manipulated traditional chiefs. The imposition of the system triggered resistance among the youth and the churches, which led to bloody reprisals by the authorities. Countless were detained under apartheid laws permitting detention without trial for 90 days. Many died in detention, but those responsible were acquitted by the courts of law in the Homeland. The article highlights the contributions of the Black Consciousness Movement, the Black People Conversion Movement, and the Student Christian Movement. The Venda student uprising was second in magnitude only to the Soweto uprising of 16 June 1976. The torture of ministers in detention and the response by church leaders locally and internationally, are discussed. The authorities attempted to divide the Lutheran Church and nationalise the Lutherans in Venda, but this move was thwarted. Venda was officially re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.

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2

Khangela Hlongwane, Ali. "The mapping of the June 16 1976 Soweto student uprisings routes: past recollections and present reconstruction(s)*." Journal of African Cultural Studies 19, no. 1 (June 2007): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696810701485892.

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3

Albrecht, Lawrence G. "Symposium Editor's Introduction." Journal of Law and Religion 5, no. 2 (1987): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400011541.

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Valparaiso University School of Law and the Christian Legal Society annually present a symposium on a critical public issue which is examined from a variety of perspectives. Between October 28-31, 1987, a major symposium was held entitled: “Perspectives on South African Liberation.” In the light of press and other media restrictions in effect since a state of emergency was declared in South Africa on June 12, 1986, and the banning of all political activity by 17 anti-apartheid organizations on February 24, 1988, it is crucial that the world community have access to current information and analysis concerning developments in that tragic land.The Pretoria regime has renewed the state of emergency for a third year following an unprecedented three-day nationwide protest strike on June 6-8 by more than two million black workers mobilized by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and other anti-apartheid groups to protest the recent bannings, a proposed restrictive labor bill, the continuation of apartheid and the regime's violence. These comments are written on June 16, the 12th anniversary of the Soweto student uprising (now commonly known as South African Youth Day) as several million black workers again defied the regime by staying away from work in honor of the hundred of blacks killed following the 1976 protests against apartheid education.

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4

Pohlandt-McCormick, Helena. "Controlling Woman: Winnie Mandela and the 1976 Soweto Uprising." International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 3 (2000): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097436.

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5

Ntloedibe, France N. "The Road to Soweto: Resistance and the Uprising of 16 June 1976." African Historical Review 49, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17532523.2017.1327220.

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6

Cole, Peter. "The Road to Soweto: Resistance and the Uprising of 16 June 1976." South African Historical Journal 69, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2016.1271446.

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7

BICKFORD-SMITH, VIVIAN. "Urban history in the new South Africa: continuity and innovation since the end of apartheid." Urban History 35, no. 2 (August 2008): 288–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926808005506.

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The Soweto uprising of 1976 confirmed to most observers that the anti-apartheid struggle (in contrast to anti-colonial struggles in many other parts of Africa) would be largely urban in character. This realization gave impetus to a rapid growth in the hitherto small field of South African urban history. Much new work predictably sought to understand the nature of conflict and inequality in South African cities and its possible resolution.

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8

Seroto, Johannes. "Analysing the Presentation of the 1976 Soweto Uprising in Grade 9 History Textbooks." Africa Education Review 15, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2017.1358066.

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9

Simpson, Thula. "Main Machinery: The ANC's Armed Underground in Johannesburg During the 1976 Soweto Uprising." African Studies 70, no. 3 (December 2011): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2011.628801.

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10

Redding, Sean. ":“I Saw a Nightmare …”: Doing Violence to Memory: The Soweto Uprising, June 16, 1976." American Historical Review 114, no. 3 (June 2009): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.3.871.

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11

Lodge, Tom. "The Road to Soweto: Resistance and the Uprising of 16 June 1976, by Julian Brown." English Historical Review 133, no. 560 (December 19, 2017): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cex410.

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12

Evans, Graham. "South Africa's deepening crisis." Review of International Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1989): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113099.

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Two points can be made at the outset. South Africa will not go away. South Africa is not about to engage in a transfer of power to its opponents. It is necessary to say this because for a decade or so (at least since the Soweto uprising of 1976) much contemporary scholarly literature and most popular journalism has concerned itself with two basic questions: when will the revolution take place and what happens after it? The assumption is that South Africa is now in the classic pre-revolutionary stage and therefore the most important field of political analysis is the economic and social character of the post-apartheid state, be it socialist, nationalist or multiracial capitalist.

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13

Brooke, Peter. "Transnational News Audiences and the Limits of Cultural Decolonisation in Zambia: Media Coverage of the Soweto Uprising of 1976." Journal of Southern African Studies 47, no. 4 (July 4, 2021): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2021.1927541.

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14

Fandrych, Ingrid. "The importance of English communication skills in multilingual settings in Southern Africa." English Today 25, no. 3 (July 30, 2009): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990277.

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ABSTRACTAn account of the need for appropriate language skills in a developing multilingual context.Language issues in Southern Africa have always been marked by political struggle. In South Africa, these were sometimes violent, as with, for example, the 1976 Soweto uprisings, in which protests over the medium of education were prominent. One of the priorities of the first democratically elected government of 1994 was to democratise the situation by making eleven languages official, in contrast to the two prior to that, namely Afrikaans and English. In other Southern African countries, language issues have also been characterised by debates and struggles. A prime example is the decision by the Namibian government to make English the official language of the country, even though English had never even been a colonial language in Namibia. Another example is Lesotho, a former British protectorate, with two official languages, English and Sesotho. In the last two decades, there have been numerous debates about the status of English as a subject necessary for a pass in schools and as a prerequisite for admission to university. Kramsch's observation that ‘[l]inguistic wars are always also political and cultural wars’ captures the situation well. Language issues are still on many speakers' minds and influence their sense of self and identity. As Baugh observes, ‘[i]n societies like the United States and South Africa, where race and language development have strongly been influenced by racial strife, many students do not aspire to “talk like Whites”’.

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15

Burns, Hilary. "The Market Theatre of Johannesburg in the New South Africa." New Theatre Quarterly 18, no. 4 (November 2002): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x02000477.

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The Market Theatre of Johannesburg opened in 1976, the year of the Soweto Uprising – the beginning of the end for the oppressive apartheid regime. Founded by Barney Simon, Mannie Manim, and a group of white actors, the theatre's policy, in line with the advice to white liberals from the Black Consciousness Movement, was to raise the awareness of its mainly white audiences about the oppression of apartheid and their own social, political, and economic privileges. The theatre went on through the late 'seventies and 'eighties to attract international acclaim for productions developed in collaboration with black artists that reflected the struggle against the incumbent regime, including such classics as The Island, Sizwe Bansi is Dead, and Woza Albert! How has the Market fared with the emergence of the new South Africa in the 'nineties? Has it built on the past? Has it reflected the changes? What is happening at the theatre today? Actress, writer, and director Hilary Burns went to Johannesburg in November 2000 to find out. She worked in various departments of the theatre, attended productions, and interviewed theatre artists and members of the audience. This article will form part of her book, The Cultural Precinct, inspired by this experience to explore how the theatres born in the protest era have responded to the challenges of the new society.

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16

Graver, David, and Loren Kruger. "South Africa's National Theatre: the Market or the Street?" New Theatre Quarterly 5, no. 19 (August 1989): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00003341.

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The original Theatre Quarterly devoted a large portion of one issue-TQ28 (1977—78) to the theatre of South Africa. It is, of course, important to relate new developments in the theatre of that troubled nation to the context of its changing political situation – considering, for example, how far a reflection of the realities of the urban black experience is now more typical than the ‘acceptable’ face represented by the once-popular ‘tribal musicals’. Here. David Graver and Loren Kruger contrast two approaches to the theatre of anti-apartheid. The internationally known (and now relatively stable) Market Theatre of Johannesburg, they argue, today largely reaches an educated, liberal, and elite audience, and sustains what is essentially a European literary tradition: but other plays written and directed by blacks — notably since the Soweto uprising of 1976 — have developed a more appropriately African style. Often, these, have emerged from the theatre companies within the black townships, such as the Bachaki Theatre Company - whose Top Down is here the focus of analysis. David Graver is currently Mellon Fellow in Drama at Stanford University: his articles have appeared in Theatre Journal and in NTQ, and he is now completing a book on the theory and practice of the avant-garde. Loren Kruger teaches in the University of Chicago, has published in Theatre Journal and the Brecht Yearbook, and is working on a study of theatres with national aspirations in Europe and the USA.

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17

Waetjen, Thembisa. "Road to Soweto: resistance and the uprising of 16 June 1976 by Julian Brown, and: South Africa’s Insurgent Citizens: dissent and the possibility of politics by Julian Brown." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 97, no. 1 (2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2018.0016.

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18

ABRAHAMS, Charles. "The South African Experience: Litigating Remedies." Business and Human Rights Journal 6, no. 2 (June 2021): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2021.25.

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AbstractMany transnational corporations (TNCs) that conducted business in South Africa during apartheid had deemed it profitable and desirable, despite the country’s systemic human rights violations against its majority black population. In the aftermath of the 1960 Sharpeville Massacre and 1976 student uprising, various United Nations and other international resolutions condemned TNCs for their incestuous relationship with apartheid South Africa and called for international sanctions against the regime. The demise of apartheid in 1994 brought about a new democratic, constitutional dispensation based on respect for human rights. However, attempts at holding TNCs liable for aiding and abetting the apartheid regime were fraught with obstacles and proved unsuccessful. Yet, the pursuit of strategic, class action litigation in areas as diverse as collusive conduct in bread manufacturing to occupational lung disease in South Africa’s goldmining industry have proven to be more successful in developing legal remedies against corporate harm. Areas impacted are extended legal standing under the common law, development of new causes of action and generous application of contingence fees arrangement.

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19

Macqueen, Ian. "Baruch Hirson. Year of Fire, Year of Ash: The Soweto School Children’s Revolt That Shook Apartheid. Foreword by Shula Marks. London: Zed Books, 2016. 2nd revised edition. Acknowledgments. Glossary. Chronology of Events. Bibliography. Index. xv + 350 pp. $24.95. Paper. ISBN: 978-1-78360-896-6. - Julian Brown. The Road to Soweto Resistance and the Uprising of 16 June 1976. Woodbridge, U.K.: James Currey, 2016. v + 204 pp. Acknowledgments. A Note on Language. Abbreviations. Bibliography. Index. $45.00. Cloth. ISBN: 978-1-847-01141-1." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.18.

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20

Kynoch, Gary. "APARTHEID NOSTALGIA: Personal security concerns in South African townships." South African Crime Quarterly, no. 5 (March 8, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2003/v0i5a1059.

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Iconic images, such as the photograph of Hector Petersen, the thirteen year old boy shot by police in 1976 at the onset of the Soweto uprising, serve as powerful reminders of the brutality of apartheid. The National Party regime marked a time of great suffering for black South Africans. Televised images of white police beating and shooting black protestors exposed the racist violence of apartheid to the world. Steve Biko’s murder in police custody, popularised in the west by the movie Cry Freedom, was further emblematic of the apartheid regime. As a student in Canada at the time, the writer of this article was greatly influenced by these events and images, and subsequently spent several years in South Africa conducting research on crime, social conflict and policing. This article concentrates on the relationship between personal security and the concept of ‘apartheid nostalgia’, not among white diehards, but among residents of Soweto.

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