Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sowing pea

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sowing pea'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sowing pea"

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Hanaa, H., and E. Ali. "Agronomic performance of seven pea (Pisum sativum) genotypes with five sowing dates in sandy soil." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.59.2011.4.5.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Faculty Farm of Sebha University during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 winter seasons to study the agronomic performance of seven pea genotypes with different sowing dates in sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The five sowing dates (30 October, 15 November, 30 November, 15 December and 30 December) were assigned to the main plots, while the seven pea genotypes (Ambassador, Pollon, MG130256, G22765-2c, 89-P-109-11, No. 252, Victory Freezer and Master B) were allocated to the sub-plots. The sowing dates had a significant effect on all the studied traits except seed protein content in both seasons. Early sowing (15 November) was better than the other sowing dates for all the traits except 100-seed weight. There were significant differences between the pea genotypes for all the traits in the two growing seasons. The Victory Freezer genotype surpassed the other genotypes for all traits except number of branches plant-1 in the second season, 100-seed weight and seed protein content. The highest values for number of branches plant−1 in the second season and for seed protein content were obtained for the G22765-2c genotype, while the maximum values of 100-seed weight were recorded for the MG130256 genotype. A significant interaction between sowing dates and pea genotypes was detected for the length of the period from emergence to initial flowering, number of pods plant−1, seed yield plant−1 and seed yield ha-1 in both seasons. The longest period from emergence to initial flowering was obtained for the Victory Freezer pea variety sown on 30 November, while the highest values of pods plant−1, seed yield plant−1 and seed yield ha−1 were gained by sowing the Victory Freezer pea genotype on 15 November.
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Congdon, B. S., B. A. Coutts, M. Renton, and R. A. C. Jones. "Pea seed-borne mosaic virus Pathosystem Drivers under Mediterranean-Type Climatic Conditions: Deductions from 23 Epidemic Scenarios." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-16-1203-re.

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Drivers of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) epidemics in rainfed field pea crops were examined under autumn to spring growing conditions in a Mediterranean-type environment. To collect aphid occurrence and PSbMV epidemic data under a diverse range of conditions, 23 field pea data collection blocks were set up over a 6-year period (2010 to 2015) at five locations in the southwest Australian grain-growing region. PSbMV infection levels in seed sown (0.1 to 13%), time of sowing (22 May to 22 June), and cultivar (Kaspa or PBA Twilight) varied with location and year. Throughout each growing season, rainfall data were collected, leaf and seed samples were tested to monitor PSbMV incidence in the crop and transmission from harvested seed, and sticky traps were used to monitor flying aphid numbers. Winged migrant Acyrthosiphon kondoi, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi were identified in green tile traps in 2014 and 2015. However, no aphid colonization of field pea plants ever occurred in the blocks. The deductions made from collection block data illustrated how the magnitude of PSbMV spread prior to flowering is determined by two primary epidemic drivers: (i) PSbMV infection incidence in the seed sown, which defines the magnitude of virus inoculum source for within-crop spread by aphids, and (ii) presowing rainfall that promotes background vegetation growth which, in turn, drives early-season aphid populations and the time of first arrival of their winged migrants to field pea crops. Likely secondary epidemic drivers included wind-mediated PSbMV plant-to-plant contact transmission and time of sowing. PSbMV incidence at flowering time strongly influenced transmission rate from harvested seed to seedlings. The data collected are well suited for development and validation of a forecasting model that informs a Decision Support System for PSbMV control in field pea crops.
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Coutts, B. A., R. T. Prince, and R. A. C. Jones. "Quantifying Effects of Seedborne Inoculum on Virus Spread, Yield Losses, and Seed Infection in the Pea seed-borne mosaic virus–Field Pea Pathosystem." Phytopathology® 99, no. 10 (October 2009): 1156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-10-1156.

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Field experiments examined the effects of sowing field pea seed with different amounts of infection with Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) on virus spread, seed yield, and infection levels in harvested seed. Plots were sown with seed with actual or simulated seed transmission rates of 0.3 to 6.5% (2005) or 0.1 to 8% (2006), and spread was by naturally occurring migrant aphids. Plants with symptoms and incidence increased with the amount of primary inoculum present. When final incidence reached 97 to 98% (2005) and 36% (2006) in plots sown with 6.5 to 8% infected seed, yield losses of 18 to 25% (2005) and 13% (2006) resulted. When incidence reached 48 to 76% in plots sown with 1.1-2 to 2% initial infection, seed yield losses were 15 to 21% (2005). Diminished seed weight and seed number both contributed to the yield losses. When the 2005 data for the relationships between percent incidence and yield or yield gaps were plotted, 81 to 84% of the variation was explained by final incidence and, for each 1% increase, there was a yield decline of 7.7 to 8.2 kg/ha. Seed transmission rates in harvested seed were mostly greater than those in the seed sown when climatic conditions favored early virus spread (1 to 17% in 2005) but smaller when they did not (0.2 to 2% in 2006). In 2007, sowing infected seed at high seeding rate with straw mulch and regular insecticide application resulted in slower spread and smaller seed infection than sowing at standard seeding rate without straw mulch or insecticide. When data for the relationship between final percent incidence and seed transmission in harvested seed were plotted (all experiments), 95 to 99% of the variation was explained by PSbMV incidence. A threshold value of <0.5% seed infection was established for sowing in high-risk zones.
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Lykhochvor, V., and M. Andrushko. "Pea productivity depending on variety and sowing rate." UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE 106, no. 2 (2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/2313-092x/2020-2(106)-6.

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It is proved that in conditions of sufficient moisture in the western forest-steppe, the highest grain yield is formed by Madonna variety peas – 6.38 t / ha, the smaller one by Gotivsky variety – 6.13 t / ha and the smallest one by Ataman variety- 5.94 t / ha. The Madonna variety also has the highest protein content of 24.5%, and the Gotivsky variety – 23.9%. the Ataman variety – 22.4%. It was established that the economically reasonable sowing rate for Madonna variety is 1.0 million / ha, for Ataman one is1.1 million / ha, for Gotivsky one is1.2 million / ha. It was revealed that the greatest profit from 1 ha was obtained when cultivating the Madonna variety – 20883 UAH.
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Brar, Navjot Singh, Manpreet Jaidka, and Manoj Sharma. "Profitability of pea cultivation under different sowing times." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 7, no. 1 (2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2018.00146.0.

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Heenan, DP. "Effects of sowing time on growth and grain yield of lupin and field pea in south-eastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941137.

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Cultivars of lupin and field pea were grown at different times over 4 years on a red earth at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, to assess the influence of sowing time on growth and production from each crop. The cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum) included Dinkum, Derrimut, Dunn, and Maitland; lupins used were Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Danja, Gungurru, and Geebung, and either the L. angustifolius line 75A/330 (1989-90) or L. albus cv. Ultra (1991-92). When autumn rain was sufficient to allow sowing, highest yield and dry matter production of lupin were gained by sowing from late April to 19 May. Yields declined with later sowing, though high spring-summer rainfall in 1992 reversed the decline. There was little difference between Danja, Gungurru, and Geebung, but these were usually higher yielding than the semi-dwarf 75Al330 when sown early. However, Ultra produced higher yields than the L. angustifolius cultivars in 1991 and 1992, particularly under high rainfall conditions. Early-sown crops (late April-mid May) of field peas were often severely infected with black spot blight and, in 1 year, with sclerotinia. In 1992 these diseases devastated all cultivars when sown on 1 May. Sowing later markedly reduced disease infection but also reduced grain yields and dry matter when sown after late June. The semi-leafless, semi-dwarf cultivar Dinkum was usually the lowest yielding and displayed the highest incidence of black spot blight.
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Bukin, O. V., D. V. Bochkarev, A. N. Nikolsky, and N. V. Smolin. "The influence of primary tillage methods on the dynamics of moisture reserves and the yield of peas in the forest-steppe of the European part of Russia." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 18, 2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-339-6-58-61.

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Relevance and methods. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019. on podzolized chernozem in the forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. Weather conditions during the years of research varied from humid to extremely arid. Intensive methods of tillage helped to reduce soil moisture before sowing peas.Results. Compared to direct sowing, humidity decreased by 11–39% in the upper soil layer, by 5–12% in the arable horizon. Productive moisture reserves were lower for plowing and discing than for direct sowing: 21–33% before sowing, and 27–34% in the budding phase. The maximum differences in the reserves of productive moisture between the methods of tillage were noted in 2018 during the phase of pea budding. In the cases with plowing and discing, the moisture content decreased in the horizon of 0–30 cm to critical values of 0–10 mm/ha. Significant differences in pea productivity between options with tillage were revealed only in 2019. The maximum yield was observed on plowing – 5.54 t/ha, the minimum on the option with direct sowing — 5.54 t/ha. Under drought conditions, maximum yields were observed in the variant with direct sowing of pea seeds.
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Persson, L., M. Larsson-Wikström, and B. Gerhardson. "Assessment of Soil Suppressiveness to Aphanomyces Root Rot of Pea." Plant Disease 83, no. 12 (December 1999): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.12.1108.

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The ability of field soils to suppress pea root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches was assessed in field soil samples in a greenhouse bioassay and in field experiments sown with pea in monoculture for four years. In the bioassay, an inoculum of oospores in talcum powder was added to the test soils 1 week prior to sowing of pea seeds. The rate of infection was assessed 4 weeks after sowing. The field experiments were placed in six localities with varying degrees of soil suppressiveness to pea root rot and the pea yield and number of oospores of A. euteiches in root tissue were measured each year. A large variation in disease suppression was found in 24 arbitrarily chosen soils, sampled in the vining pea growing area in southern Sweden, and some soils were found to be strongly disease suppressive. The pea root rot development was also clearly different between the field experiments, depending on the soil. In an experiment on a soil showing low disease suppressiveness in the greenhouse bioassay, the crop failed in the second year, the number of oospores in root tissue increased rapidly over time, and no yield at all could be taken the fourth year. In contrast, on a soil with a high disease suppressiveness in the bioassay, the pea monoculture led to a slow build-up of oospores in root tissue and a steady high yield of 5,300 kg/ha the fourth year.
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O'Connor, GE, J. Evans, NA Fettell, I. Bamforth, J. Stuchberry, DP Heenan, and PM Chalk. "Sowing date and varietal effects on the N2 fixation of field pea and implications for improvement of soil nitrogen." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 1 (1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930151.

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Dry matter, biomass N, N2 fixation (determined by the 15N isotope dilution method), grain yield and grain N, were determined for five pea cultivars grown with three sowing times at six sites in south-eastern Australia. Earlier sowing (late April to early May) increased N2 fixation (by as much as 96 kg N/ha compared to sowing in late June to early July). Early sowing improved the probability of peas contributing to soil total N. The potential increment in soil N from the pea stubbles left after harvesting grain, averaged over the varieties, was as high as 98 kg N/ha with early sowing, and as low as -38 kg N/ha with late sowing. The benefits from earlier sowing were due to larger dry matter production with a higher N concentration and a greater proportion of plant N from N2 fixation. Varietal variation in fixed N and potential for augmenting soil total N, was generally smaller than the variation in these parameters due to different sowing dates.
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Аlmashova, V., S. Onishenko, and О. Yevtushenko. "Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period." UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE 109, no. 1 (2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/2313-092x/2021-1(109)-5.

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Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period The article is devoted to the influence of terms of sowing and processing of pea seeds with boron and molybdenum fertilizers on plant development in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. The possibility of obtaining a sustainable harvest and high quality pea products for its further preservation has been proved. It is established that the action of boron and molybdenum delays the onset of phenological phases of culture development, and the use of two different sowing dates allows to delay the onset of the phase of technological maturity for 6 days. This is important when harvesting for minimal crop losses of vegetable peas in southern Ukraine. Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, leaf surface index.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sowing pea"

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Pullan, M. R. "Plant population and sowing date in novel forms of combining peas." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383719.

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Sakalauskienė, Sandra. "Kintančio klimato ir aplinkos veiksnių kompleksinio poveikio žirnių fiziologiniams rodikliams modeliavimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120130_134807-70023.

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Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti diferencijuotą ir kompleksinį aplinkos veiksnių poveikį skirtingų genotipų sėjamojo žirnio (Pisum sativum L.) fiziologinei reakcijai bei nustatyti šių veiksnių tarpusavio sąveikos įtaką fiziologiniams rodikliams. Tyrimų uždaviniai: Nustatyti skirtingos substrato drėgmės ir UV-B spinduliuotės diferencijuotą ir kompleksinį poveikį įvairių genotipų sėjamajam žirniui: 1.Esant dabartiniams klimato veiksnių parametrams. 2.Padidėjusios anglies dioksido koncentracijos sąlygomis. 3.Pakilusios temperatūros sąlygomis. 4.Prognozuojamų klimato veiksnių parametrų sąlygomis (padidėjus CO2 koncentracijai ir temperatūrai).
The aim of research – to investigate the differential and complex effect of environmental factors on the physiological responses of different genotypes of sowing pea (Pisum sativum L.) and to evaluate the impact of factor interaction among factors on physiological indices. The tasks of research: To identify the differentiated and integrated effect of different substrate moisture and UV-B radiation on different genotypes of sowing pea: 1.Under the current parameters of climatic factors; 2.Under the increased CO2 concentrations; 3.Under increased temperature; 4.Under predicted climatic factors conditions (increased CO2 concentration and temperature).
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Munakamwe, Z. "A physiological study of weed competition in peas (Pisum sativum L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/947.

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Peas dominate New Zealand grain legume production and they are a major export crop. However, weeds are a major problem particularly under organic production, where the use of synthetic chemicals is prohibited. To address this limitation, a research program to study weed control in peas was done to provide both conventional and organic farmers a sustainable weed management package. This was done through three field experiments over two growing seasons, 2006/07 and 2007/08. Experiment 1, (2006/07) evaluated the effect of 50, 100 and 400 plants m² on crop yield, and weed growth of Aragon, Midichi or Pro 7035 with and without cyanazine. Experiment two explored the physiology of two pea genotypes, the leafed (Pro 7035) and the semi leafless (Midichi) sown at three dates. A herbicide treatment was included as a control. In the third experiment Midichi, was used to investigate the effect of different pea and weed population combinations and their interaction on crop yield and weed growth. All crops were grown at Lincoln University on a Templeton silt loam soil. In Experiment one, herbicide had no effect on total dry matter (TDM) and seed yield (overall mean seed yield 673 g m²). There was also no significant difference in mean seed yield among the pea genotypes, Aragorn, Pro 7035 and Midichi, (overall mean, 674 g m²). The lowest average seed yield, 606 g m² was from 400 plants m² and the highest, 733 g m², from 50 plants m², a 21% yield increase. A significant herbicide by population interaction showed that herbicide had no effect on seed yields at 100 and 400 plants m². However, cyanazine treated plots at 50 plants m² gave 829 g m² of seed. This was 30% more than the 637 g m², from plots without herbicide. In Experiment 1 pea cultivar and herbicide had no significant effect on weed counts. In Experiment 2 the August sowing gave the highest seed yield at 572 g m². This was 62% more than the lowest yield, in October. Cyanazine treatment gave a mean seed yield of 508 g m², 19% more than from unsprayed plots. There was a significant (p < 0.05) sowing date x genotype interaction which showed that in the August sowing genotype had no effect on seed yield. However, in September the Pro 7035 seed yield at 559 g m² was 40% more that of Midichi and in October it gave 87% more. Weed spectrum varied over time. Prevalent weeds in spring were Stachys spp, Achillea millefolium L., and Spergular arvensis L. In summer they were Chenopodium album L., Rumex spp, Trifolium spp and Solanum nigrum L. Coronopus didymus L., Stellaria media and Lolium spp were present in relatively large numbers throughout the season. In Experiment 3 seed yield increased significantly (p < 0.001) with pea population. Two hundred plants m² gave the highest mean seed yield at 409 g m² and 50 plants m² gave the lowest (197 g m²). The no-sown-weed treatment gave the highest mean seed yield of 390 g m². This was due to less competition for solar radiation. There was no difference in seed yield between the normal rate sown weed and the 2 x normal sown weed treatments (mean 255 g m²). It can be concluded that fully leafed and semi-leafless peas can be sown at similar populations to achieve similar yields under weed free conditions. Increased pea sowing rate can increase yield particularly in weedy environments. Early sowing can also increase yield and possibly control problem weeds of peas (particularly Solanum spp), which are usually late season weeds. Herbicide can enhance pea yield but can be replaced by effective cultural methods such as early sowing, appropriate pea genotype and high sowing rates. Additional key words: Pisum sativum L., semi-leafless, fully leafed, cyanazine, pea population, weed population, sustainable, TDM, seed yield, weed, weed counts, sowing date, weed spectrum, seed rates.
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Fronk, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Beitrag zur Charakterisierung von Seigerungen sowie zum Reinheitsgrad von Stahlproben mittels optischer Emissionsspektrometrie (PDA-OES) und laserinduzierter Spektralanalytik / Sebastian Fronk." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190525933/34.

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Fronk, Sebastian Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Senk, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bleck, and Erwin A. T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wosch. "Beitrag zur Charakterisierung von Seigerungen sowie zum Reinheitsgrad von Stahlproben mittels optischer Emissionsspektrometrie (PDA-OES) und laserinduzierter Spektralanalytik / Sebastian Fronk ; Dieter Georg Senk, Wolfgang Peter Bleck, Erwin A. T. Wosch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1210862751/34.

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Fronk, Sebastian [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Senk, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bleck, and Erwin A. T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wosch. "Beitrag zur Charakterisierung von Seigerungen sowie zum Reinheitsgrad von Stahlproben mittels optischer Emissionsspektrometrie (PDA-OES) und laserinduzierter Spektralanalytik / Sebastian Fronk ; Dieter Georg Senk, Wolfgang Peter Bleck, Erwin A. T. Wosch." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020052506412689933688.

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Fischer, Sarah Christine [Verfasser]. "Korrosion von polykristallinem Aluminiumoxid (PCA) durch Metalljodidschmelzen sowie deren Benetzungseigenschaften / vorgelegt von Sarah Christine Fischer." 2009. http://d-nb.info/996566775/34.

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Books on the topic "Sowing pea"

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Andreas, Otto. Zum Angebot öffentlich bereitgestellter Güter: Theoretische Analyse ausgewählter Probleme zur Theorie des peak-load-pricing, des lokalen öffentlichen Angebots sowie der Präferenzoffenbarungsmechanismen. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1986.

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James, Robert L. Effects of pre-sowing soil treatments on root colonization of 1-0 ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedlings by potentially-pathogenic fungi, USDA Forest Service Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2001.

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James, Robert L. Effects of pre-sowing soil treatments on root colonization of 1-0 ponderosa and lodgepole pine seedlings by potentially-pathogenic fungi, USDA Forest Service Lucky Peak Nursery, Boise, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2001.

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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2019. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023549.

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Der VDI-Bericht ist ausschließlich als PDF-Dokument erschienen! Die Dritev 2019, ein internationaler VDI Kongress, der es in sich hat: Drei Veranstaltungen an 2 Tagen! Neben der „Drivetrain for Vehicles“ fanden auch noch die „EDrive“ sowie die „Drivetrain Solutions for Commercial Vehicles“ statt. Sie möchten mehr erfahren? Erfragen Sie das umfangreiche Inhaltsverzeichnis per E-Mail. ...
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Godinho, Ines Fernandes, Urs Kindhäuser, and Torsten Verrel, eds. Dasein und Gerechtigkeit | Ser-aí e Justiça. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845299105.

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Die Freundesgabe für José de Faria Costa ehrt den portugiesische Strafrechtswissenschaftler zu seinem 70. Geburtstag mit einer Sammlung von Beiträgen zu den Grundlagen des Strafrechts, darunter zum Beispiel zum präemptiven Strafen, zur Allgemeinen Straftatlehre wie u. a. zur Prävention und zur Garantieübernahme, zu den Problemen von Folter, Suizidbeihilfe und Terror sowie zum Medizin- und Wirtschaftsstrafrecht. Mit Beiträgen von Alexander Aichele, Guilherme Costa Câmara, Fabio Roberto D’Avila, Inés Fernandes Godinho, Urs Kindhäuser, Günther Jakobs, Johannes Koranyi, Silvia Larizza, Diego-Manuel Luzón Peña, Adelmo Manna, Eugenio Mazzarella, Francesco Palazzo, Nuria Pastor Muñoz, Mario Pisani, Joachim Renzikowski, Marcelo Almeida Ruivo, Kay Schumann, Sergio Seminara, Jesús-María Silva Sánchez, Torsten Verrel, Petra Weber
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Dritev – Drivetrain For Vehicles 2018. VDI Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023280.

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Die Dritev 2018, ein internationaler VDI Kongress, der es in sich hat: 3 Veranstaltungen an 2 Tagen! Neben der „Drivetrain for Vehicles“ fanden auch noch die „EDrive“ sowie die „Transmission in mobile machines“ statt. … und hier in diesem Band erhalten Sie alle Vorträge und Präsentationen. Inhalt (Auszüge): AT/DCT The all-new 8-speed AT for the Opel Grandland X 1 G. Bednarek, K. Geratz, Opel Automobile GmbH, Rüsselsheim, H. Chariou, Groupe PSA, La Garenne Colombes, France The new BMW automatic transmission – Challenges in development 11 M. Roßhuber, G. Schromm, K. Kranz, BMW AG, München Third Generation of ZF’s 8-speed automatic transmission – Reducing CO2 emissions in the 8HP transmission 23 C. Sibla, A. Donges, F. Jauch, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Friedrichshafen Enhancement of a dual clutch transmission kit – AUDI S tronic – Version for All-Wheel Drive, Increase of Torque and HV Electrification 33 A. Schmidt, H.-P. Fleischm...
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Frey, Martin, Dieter Gericke, Reto Heuberger, Margrit Marti, Lukas Morscher, Daniel Oehri, Julia Schieber, Lukas Staub, Oliver Triebold, and Christian Wenger. Venture Capital Reinvented: Markt, Recht, Steuern – 7. Tagung zu Private Equity – Tagungsband 2020. Edited by Dieter Gericke. buch & netz, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36862/eiz-357.

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Lange galt Venture Capital als „kleine“ Form des PE-Investments. „Unicorns“, auch in der Schweiz, technologische Entwicklungen sowie der globale Wettbewerb setzten Venture Capital und die Förderung von Unternehmertum wieder mit Wucht auf die Agenden von Wirtschaft und Politik. Die Themen und Instrumente haben sich erneuert und gewandelt. Diese Neuerungen standen im Fokus der Referate anlässlich der 7. Tagung des Europa Institut an der Universität Zürich, welche in diesem Band schriftlich und mit wissenschaftlicher Akribie aufgearbeitet sind. Zu den Themen gehören Investitionsformen wie Tokens oder „KISS“-Loans, Technologietransfer von Universitäten, Wachstum und Insolvenzgefahr, Corporate Governance Fragen wie auch neuste steuerliche Entwicklungen bei Incentive-Strukturen. Die durch die Covid 19-Misere noch geschärfte Aktualität dieser Beiträge macht die Lektüre zum Muss und Genuss.
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Leible, Stefan, and Jörg Philipp Terhechte, eds. Europäisches Rechtsschutz- und Verfahrensrecht. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748908586.

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<b>Rechtsschutz und Verfahren</b> sind zentrale Bausteine der unionalen Rechtsordnung. Nur derjenige, der die strukturellen Parallelen und Gemeinsamkeiten der verschiedenen Verfahrensordnungen kennt, kann konkrete Lösungen für unionsrechtlich gelagerte Fälle anbieten. <b>Das Handbuch zum EU-Rechtsschutz</b> entwickelt diese notwendige Gesamtperspektive. Aus einer Hand werden sämtliche wichtigen Rechtsschutzoptionen und Verfahrensarten vor dem EuGH, dem EUGMR sowie aus den Bereichen des europäischen Zivil-, Verwaltungs- und Strafverfahrensrechts dargestellt und in übergeordnete Aspekte der unionalen Verfahrens- und Rechtsschutzidee eingebettet. Besonders berücksichtigt sind dabei das Vorabentscheidungs- und Vertragsverletzungsverfahren sowie die Untätigkeits-, Nichtigkeits- und Schadensersatzklage. <b>Die 2. Auflage</b> vermittelt dem nationalen Rechtsanwender in Justiz und Anwaltschaft auf <b>neuestem Stand</b> eine klare Orientierungshilfe im Geflecht der konkreten Rechtsschutzoptionen im Zivil-, Verwaltungs- und Strafrecht. <b>Schwerpunkte</b> der Neuauflage liegen auf den Bereichen Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von Entscheidungen in Zivil-, Handels-, Ehe-, Unterhalts-, Kindschafts- und Erbsachen sowie dem Europäischen Nachlasszeugnis. Europäische Bagatell- und Mahnverfahren und Vollstreckungstitel; Zwangsvollstreckung Insolvenzverfahren Beweisaufnahme, Zustellung , Prozesskostenhilfe, Unterlassungsklagen Alternative Streitbeilegung und Schiedsverfahren Rechtsschutz im europäischen Verwaltungsrecht Rechtsschutz im europäischen Strafrecht Verfahren der strafjustiziellen Zusammenarbeit <b>Die Autorinnen und Autoren</b> Prof. Dr. Tilmann Altwicker; Prof. Dr. Dr. Ino Augsberg; Prof. Dr. Steffen Augsberg; Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bast; Prof. Dr. Anatol Dutta; Prof. Dr. Michael Fehling; Prof. Dr. Claudio Franzius; Prof. Dr. Jörg Gundel; Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Hau; Prof. Dr. Steffen Hindelang; Jun.-Prof. Dr. Suzan Denise Hüttemann; Duy Tuong Huynh; Malte Ising; Prof. Dr. Ruth Janal; Barrister (QLD, adm) Thomas John ACIArb; RA Dr. Ulrich Karpenstein; Dr. Rainer Kemper; RA Dr. Sebastian Koehler; Dr. Christian Koller; Prof. Dr. Markus Kotzur; Dr. Pia Lange; Prof. Dr. Matthias Lehmann; Prof. Dr. Stefan Leible; Prof. Dr. Eva Lein; Prof. Dr. Katharina Lugani; Prof. Dr. Peter Mankowski; Prof. em. Dr. Dieter Martiny; Prof. Dr. Frank Meyer; PD Dr. Michael F. Müller; Prof. Dr. Carsten Nowak; Prof. DDr. h. c.Paul Oberhammer; Prof. Dr. Anne Peters; Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter H. Rechberger; Prof. Dr. Herbert Roth; Dr. Jakob Schemmel; RiLG Michael Slonina; Prof. Dr. Astrid Stadler; Prof. Dr. Jürgen Stamm; Prof. Dr. Michael Stürner; Prof. Dr. Jörg Philipp Terhechte; PD Dr. Alexander Thiele; Prof. Dr. Christoph Thole; PräsBVerfG a. D. Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Andreas Voßkuhle; RA Bertrand Wägenbaur; Dr. Felix M. Wilke; Dipl. Rpfl. Harald Wilsch; Prof. Dr. Hinnerk Wißmann
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Narang, Gopi Chand. The Urdu Ghazal. Translated by Surinder Deol. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190120795.001.0001.

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The Urdu ghazal is a marvel of the magnetic dynamism of husn o i’shq filled with innovative imagery. It is a celebration of life and love in an ambiance of pure ecstasy. It has a profound capacity for joy as well as pain. It is the soul of Urdu verse and the play of creativity at its peak. No other poetic genre is as innately musical as the ghazal. The book presents unique flowering of the Urdu ghazal as a by-product of India’s composite culture that evolved from intermixing of Indian and foreign value systems. This never-before narrated story of the evolution of the Urdu ghazal is documented in eight chapters divided into three parts. It explores a variety of influences, including Sufism, Bhakti movement, and infusion of Rekhta and Persian languages and culture. The book explains classical ghazal forms that blossomed from the seeds sown by Amir Khusrau in the fourteenth century to great heights of literary excellence achieved during the next 300, notably in the works of great poets like Mir and Ghalib. Different socio-political and cultural demands of changing times are expounded towards the end, primarily how the ghazal provided new creative models to deal with literary movements like progressivism, modernism, and postmodernism. This book includes samples of works of thematically related poets. It also covers works of twentieth-century pioneering innovators like Firaq Gorakhpuri and Faiz Ahmed Faiz, and postmoderns like Gulzar and Javed Akhtar.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sowing pea"

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Alyoshin, Matvei A. "The Effect of Fertilizers on the Formation of the Symbiotic Apparatus and the Productivity of Sowing Peas." In The Challenge of Sustainability in Agricultural Systems, 819–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72110-7_89.

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Grießhaber, Daniel, Uwe Laufs, Johannes Maucher, Nadine Miedzianowski, Zofia Saternus, and Katharina Staab. "Erreichbarkeitsmanagement im Unternehmen." In Arbeit in der digitalisierten Welt, 351–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62215-5_23.

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ZusammenfassungDurch die Verbreitung von Smartphones und Laptops sind viele Arbeitnehmer ständig erreichbar und in der Lage, ortsunabhängig zu arbeiten. Dies führt zu dem Problem, dass die Grenze zwischen Freizeit und Arbeit verschwimmt und dass für viele Arbeitnehmer unterbrechungsfreie Regenerationsphasen zur Seltenheit werden. Das Forschungsprojekt SANDRA verfolgt den Ansatz des Erreichbarkeitsmanagements, wobei die ständige Erreichbarkeit sowohl durch organisatorische Maßnahmen als auch durch eine technische Lösung, einen Erreichbarkeitsassistenten für Smartphones, zurückgedrängt werden soll. Im Projekt wurden interdisziplinär Stakeholder-Präferenzen in Interviews sowie einer Breitenbefragung erhoben. Das Projekt wurde rechtswissenschaftlich begleitet, wobei rechtliche Empfehlungen in die Entwicklung der Maßnahmen einflossen. Die Maßnahmen wurden in zwei Anwenderunternehmen erprobt und werden in der Evaluation per HRV-basierter Stressmessung auf ihre Wirksamkeit überprüft.
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Schulze-Tollert, J., F. J. Kaltenbach, W. H. Boesken, C. Wilhelm, and L. Quaas. "SDS-PAA-Disk-Elektrophorese zur Differentialdiagnose der Präeklampsie sowie besonderer Verlaufsformen bei Hypertension in der Schwangerschaft." In Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe 1988, 231–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74784-7_108.

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Weingart, Brigitte. ""Fame Is the Name of the Game": Aneignung und celebrity culture." In Wissen der Künste, 166–86. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457658-014.

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Als öffentliche Kunstfiguren sind Celebrities per se Gegenstand von medialen Aneignungspraktiken, sind diese doch am Berühmtheitsstatus einer Person konstitutiv beteiligt. Auch deshalb gehört Aneignung nicht nur zu den Konzepten, mit denen produktive Rezeptionsweisen von Fans als solche gewürdigt werden (Stichwort prosumer). Die „media texts», aus denen sich Star-Images (Richard Dyer zufolge) zusammensetzen, sind überdies bevorzugte Gegenstände von Pop- und Appropriation Art, wo sich wiederum eigentümliche Beziehungstypen zwischen criticality und Faszination beobachten lassen. Am Beispiel des anonymen Amateurfoto-Projekts Type 42 - Fame Is the Name of the Game widmet sich der Beitrag den (nicht zuletzt technologisch begünstigten) Komplizenschaften von künstlerischen sowie Fan-Praktiken der Appropriation und den fließenden Übergängen von Obsession in Enteignung. Dabei macht in diesem Fall gerade die anonyme Urheberschaft ex negativo darauf aufmerksam, wie sehr die Rezeption von Aneignungspraktiken vom Wissen über Produktionskontexte und nicht zuletzt von der guten alten Frage nach der Autorschaft reguliert wird.
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Bauer, Jenny-Kerstin, Ans Hartmann, and Nivedita Prasad. "Effektiver Schutz vor digitaler geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt." In Geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt in Zeiten der Digitalisierung, 311–28. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839452813-017.

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Digitale geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt im sozialen Nahraum ist weder ein Phänomen von Einzelfällen noch ein neues Phänomen. Vielmehr ist es geprägt von schnelllebigen technologischen Entwicklungen und unterliegt in vielen Bereichen denselben Dynamiken wie analoge Formen geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt. Hierzu gehört, dass die Gewalt in der Regel von (einst) vertrauten Personen aus dem direkten sozialen Umfeld ausgeht, den Betroffenen häufig eine Mitschuld an das Erlebte zugeschrieben wird und sie in der Durchsetzung ihrer Rechte oft nicht ernst genommen werden. Bei digitaler Gewalt kommt erschwerend hinzu, dass diese häufig nicht erkannt oder in ihrer Wirkmächtigkeit als solche wahr genommen wird. Eine Anerkennung dieser Gewalterfahrungen in ihrer gesellschaftlichen und politischen Relevanz - etwa durch Politik, Justiz, Plattformanbieter*innen sowie Entwickler*innen und Produzent*innen im Technologiebereich - findet momentan kaum statt. Die Erfahrungen aus der Beratungs-Praxis verdeutlich zudem, dass Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) das Potential hat, Gewalterfahrungen zu amplifizieren und die Gefahr einer Reviktimisierung zu erhöhen. Aus den hier ausgeführten Problemanalysen sollte jedoch nicht geschlussfolgert werden, dass digitale Medien und das Internet per se Gewalt produzieren oder begünstigen. Vielmehr ist geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt ein gesellschaftlich fest verankertes Problem und auch im digitalem Raum Ausdruck eines Konglomerats an strukturell gefestigten Machtverhältnissen und technologie-gewordener Vormachtstellung. Gesamtpolitische Lösungsversuche, die sich ausschließlich auf Digitalisierungs-Effekte konzentrieren, können zu kurz greifen, wenn sie solche vorgelagerten strukturellen Bedingungen nicht mitdenken oder hinterfragen wollen.
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Pohlen, Uwe, R. Rezska, H. J. Buhr, B. Hotz, T. Foitzik, and G. Berger. "Intravitalmikroskopische und pharmakokinetische Untersuchung zur Anreicherung von 5-FU-PEG-Liposomen sowie dynamisches MRT-Monitoring des Langzeitverlaufs an CC-531 lebertumortragenden WAG-Ratten." In Chirurgisches Forum 2002, 137–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56158-0_36.

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Bezgodov, Andrei Viktorovich. "Advantages of Growing Field Peas in Mixed Crops With Rapeseed and Mustard." In Culture. Science. Education: modern trends, 226–34. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-74741.

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In field experiences studies on growing field peas in single-component and mixed seeding with spring rape and white mustard were conducted in the Middle Urals. The crop capacity was increased by 10,8% as well as the total yield was increased by 2.3 times up to 2.14 t / ha by the use of spring rape as a supporting and compacting crop in sowng peas with a seeding rate at 0.6 million / ha. It was found out that crop productivity of peas was decreased by 19.4% when the seeding rate was established at 0.4 million / ha, and the crop productivity of spring rape remained at the level of pure sowing – 1.23 t / ha. The total yield, in comparison with the pure sowing of peas, increased by 2.1 times from 0.93 to 1.98 t / ha. Mustard is less suitable as a supporting crop, although it ripes earlier and does not thrive in contrast to spring rape. The total yield and ratio of land equivalents in a mixture with spring rape is higher than with mustard and ranged from 1.66 to 1.98. Peas accounts for the bulk of the total yield (LERab = 0.81...1.48). The coefficients of competitiveness and aggressiveness of the studied crops in mixed sowing indicate the dominant role of field peas in the pea-rape and pea-mustard agrocenoses. The awned and foliose morphotype of field peas when grown in a mixture with mustard showed themselves equally, their competitiveness and aggressiveness coefficients were in a close range – Crab = 2.37...4.57; CAab = 0.72...1.87. The awned morphotype of field peas had the greatest aggressiveness and competitiveness when cultivated in a mixture with spring rape – CRab=6.78...17.80; CAab = 3.35...5.79. The foliose morphotype of field peas occupied an intermediate position and had a good competitive ability with less aggressiveness towards spring rape – Crab = 2.64...2.66; CAab = 2.06...2.13.
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Kumar Dwibedi, Sanat, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty, Vimal Chandra Pandey, and Donakonda Divyasree. "Sustainable Biowaste Management in Cereal Systems: A Review." In Cereal Grains [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97308.

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Among the field crops, cereals being the staple food for humans and feed for cattle, occupy 50.8 per cent of the cultivated land and contribute 52.5 per cent of the body calories. Cereals are the good source of carbohydrate, minerals, and dietary fibre for humans and animals. With the ever growing human population the agricultural production and agri-wastes are increasing across the globe. In Asia, Africa and Latin America, near about 66, 21 and 13 per cent of total estimated 2,060 Tg of biomass are generated every year. Burning has been the cheapest, simplest, easiest and quickest way of eliminating bulky unwanted biomass in-situ before raising of the succeeding crop(s). Rice, wheat, sugarcane and maize constitute 24, 23, 5 and 48 per cent of the global burnt residues. Although killing of problematic weeds, insects, and pathogens, and addition of valuable plant nutrients are the very basic objectives of this anthropogenic post-harvest residue management strategy but it releases noxious gases into the atmosphere polluting air and contributing to the global warming. Shorter sowing windows very often compel the farmers to remove crop residues through burning, especially in absence of alternative options for its productive and profitable disposal. Rising labour cost and their seasonal scarcity sometimes also insist the farmers to burn crop residues. However, stringent punitive actions have yet failed to curb such open burning in many countries in absence of the farmers’ friendly and financially viable options of crop residue management. In this chapter, attempts have been made to elucidate various sustainable crop residue management strategies in cereal systems.
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Prakash Yadav, Ram, Suresh Chandra Panday, Jitendra Kumar, Jaideep Kumar Bisht, Vijay Singh Meena, Mahipal Choudhary, Shyam Nath, Manoj Parihar, and Rajendra Prasad Meena. "Climatic Variation and Its Impacts on Yield and Water Requirement of Crops in Indian Central Himalaya." In Agrometeorology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94076.

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Climate is most important factor affecting agriculture, and issues related to climate and its implications have attracted attention of policy makers globally. The farm sector, particularly marginal ecosystems in mountains are vulnerable because of unpredictable variation and severe sink limitations. Efforts to impart resilience to farm and its allied sector are an urgent need. The climatic parameters play very important role to determine type of crops, cattle rearing and the life style adopted by the people. Moreover, weather has a significant impact on crop growth and development. Weather plays a vital role and affects the production and productivity of the crops. According to an estimate, weather contributes 67% variation in productivity and rest of the factors (soil, nutrient and management practices etc.) accounts for 33%. Therefore, there is a need of in-depth analysis of each meteorological parameters and identification of their trend over the years in order to identify and adapt suitable agriculture practices, better adaptable crops, varieties and their duration, time of field preparation, sowing time and irrigation as per the climatic conditions of the region. This will lead farming community to plan strategies of agriculture operation to obtain optimum yield. The climatic data from the meteorological observatory of ICAR-VPKAS, Hawalbagh located at mid hill condition (1250 m amsl) were analyzed for different periods (annual, seasonal, monthly, weekly). It was revealed that rainfall is decreasing over the years but significant (P < 0.05) decrease was recorded at mid hills. The maximum temperature is increasing significantly (P < 0.05) during post-monsoon and winter season however decreasing in monsoon season whereas minimum temperature is decreasing round the year. These changes in rainfall and temperatures are affecting production and productivity of the crops, as hills are largely rainfed. In terms of crop water demand, there is no need to apply irrigation during the rainy season except the transplanted rice. However, during the winter season as there is more than 60% of water deficit to irrigate the crops. The proper understanding of climate is necessary to bring sustainability in hill agriculture by adjusting crop sowing window and other operations as per suitability of the climate.
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Cezar Juliatti, Fernando, and Laércio Zambolim. "Etiology, Epidemiology and Management of Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) in Brazil and Vulnerability of Chemical Control of Specific without Multisite Fungicides." In Cereal Grains [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97686.

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Brazil is the first soybean producer in the world, and the largest exporter. In the 2019/20 harvest, the country produced about 124.85 million tons, representing 30% of world production. Global soy production for 2019/20 reached 337.9 million tons. Asian soybean rust (ASR) is the most pathogen on soybean in Brazil in nowadays. Target spot and Septoria leaf spot plus white mold complete these scenarios. ASR emerged in Brazil in 1979. The use of fungicides in the soybean crop in Brazil intensified after the master of 2002 with the resurgence of soybean rust, where the use of triazoles intensified. The massive sprays to pathogen control reached 3.5 sprays per season. In 2006, the first reports of loss of sensitivity of the fungus to the group appeared, notably for the fungicide flutriafol and tebuconazole used in many situations in a curative way or to eradicate the fungus. From that moment on, the productive system sought to use triazoles and strobilurins. In 2011 came the first reports of loss of sensitivity of the fungus in the group of strobilurins. This fact was due to the use of pyraclostrobin in the vegetative phase of soybeans without protection by multisite. That same year, the introduction of the active ingredients in copper oxychloride, mancozeb and chlorothalonil took place in Brazil. In 2015, the first carboxamides ((benzovindiflupyr) (solatenol and fluxpyroxade) associated in triple mode with triazoles and strobilurins were launched on the Brazilian market. Due to the specific mode of action in the metabolism of the fungus (biosynthesis of ergosterol (triazoles), mitochondrial respiration in the cytochrome oxidase enzyme complex - QOIs (strobilurins) and succin dehydrogenase - SDHIs (carboxamides), the need for their association in the sprayings was seen. To multisite (cuprics, dithiocarbamates and nitriles). For the sustainable management of the disease in Brazil, control strategies are recommended, such as the use of systemic fungicides, with a specific biochemical mechanism of action with the adoption of tank mix with multisite, adoption of cultural practices (sanitary emptiness) and sowing schedule and the use of varieties with quantitative resistance (partial or horizontal resistance). These measures will guarantee the sustainability of the culture and the useful life of systemic fungicides or specific sites.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sowing pea"

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Grozi, Delchev. "Changes in productivity and yield components in four field crops sown on damaged by frost crops of winter oilseed canola." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.67.

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During 2016 - 2018 was conducted a field experiment. On areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola, were sowed and 4 field crops: 1 chickpea cultivar - Kabule (Cicer arietinum L.); 1 forage pea cultivar - Mir (Pisum sativum L.); 1 milk thistle cultivar - Silmar (Silybum marianum Gaertn.); 1 coriander cultivar - Lozen (Coriandrum sativum L.). The same variants were planted on areas under conventional soil cultivation for each of these crops. After plowing of canola crops, it is more appropriate to sow chickpea in which weed control is carried out by soil treatment with herbicide Merlin flex, followed by foliar treatment with herbicide tank mixture Challenge + Shadow. After plowing areas with damaged by frost winter oilseed canola without any problems can be sown forage pea. Milk thistle and coriander are suitable crops for sowing on areas after damaged by frost winter oilseed canola. The differences in productivities and yield components of chickpea, forage pea, milk thistle and coriander, sown on damaged by frost areas of winter oilseed canola and in normal sowing, are small and mathematically unproven.
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Zhenchenko, K. G., E. N. Turin, and A. A. Gongalo. "Effect of Pisum sativum L. seed treatment with the complex of microbiological preparation on the plants’ growth and development under direct sowing." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.27.

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We studied the use of the complex microbial preparation (CMP) in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The soil is southern chernozem. Long-term annual precipitation – 428 mm; long-term annual air temperature – 12 °С. Pisum sativum L. variety – ‘Madonna’. Chemical treating agent Vitavax 200 FF (water suspension concentrate) at the rate of 0.75 l/ha was used in the control variant. Seeds were inoculated with CMP on the day of planting (FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” is the owner of CMP). The composition of the studied complex – 1) symbiotic nitrogen fixers; 2) phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms; 3) microorganisms that inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. On average, over three years of research, the height of pea plants was the same and amounted to 82.3 cm in the control and 80.7 cm in the experimental variant. The symbiosis of PS and CMP had a significant effect on the number of beans per plant. In the control, 7.6 pieces were formed; under the influence of CMP – 8.6. In our experiments, the grain size was influenced both by the conditions of the growing season in a particular year and the treatment with CMP. The most favorable conditions were in 2016, which contributed to the largest 1000-grain weight (on average 284 g). In extremely arid 2018, the smallest peas were formed (1000-grain weight – 258 g). On average for 2016-2018, the yield in the variant with inoculation was 0.2 t/ha higher. The small Pisum sativum L. yield in 2018 can be explained by the low air humidity and the absence of productive precipitation.
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Luchenok, Lyudmila, and Aleksandr Yuzupanov. "Optimal set of technological techniques for lucerne yellow-flowered cultivation in southern Belarus." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-48-51.

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The data on the yield of lucerne (Medicago falcate) when cultivated on agro-peat soils in the conditions of southern Belarus was presented. It has been established that the yield of green mass in 4 years of life averaged 422.9 centner per ha at sowing under cover and 472.4 centner per ha at bloodless sowing. Productivity — 57.7 and 68.2 centner feed units ha–1 respectively. A small level of response to the application of various technological techniques was noted.
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Ptashec, Ol'ga, and Lyudmila Luchenok. "Influence of the method of sowing and seeding rate on the yield of alfalfa in the south of Belarus." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-52-54.

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The results of studies on the influence of agrotechnological techniques on the productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), cultivation on agro-peat soils in the south of Belarus were presented. It was established that the yield of green mass on average over 4 years of life was 393.6–517.9 c / ha when sown under cover and 494.3–629.8 centners ha-1 with coverless sowing. Productivity — 56.5–75.1 and 69.5–89.7 centners ha-1, respectively. A positive correlation between the increase in the yield and productivity of the grass stand with an rise in the seeding rate and doses of fertilizers applied was noted.
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Soroka, Andrey, Natal'ya Kostyuchenko, and Andrey Gaponyuk. "Productivity of perennial herbs on peat-mineral soils in the conditions of Polesie." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-130-134.

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The results of studies on the productivity of perennial grasses on peat-mineral soil of Polesye are presented. Sowing alfalfa turned out to be the most productive crop among perennial leguminous herbs. Pasture legumes and grasses were slightly different in productivity. The introduction of an additional bean component in pasture mixtures did not contribute to a significant increase in the productivity of perennial herbs.
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Yakubovskaya, A. I., I. A. Kameneva, M. V. Gritchin, Ya V. Pukhalsky, and A. V. Slavinskaya. "Biological activity of Oryza sativa L. rhizosphere after introduction of associative bacteria strains." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.22.

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The article presents the results of studies of biological activity in the rhizosphere system associative bacteria − Oryza sativa L. The pre-sowing treatment of seeds with associative symbionts activates biological processes in the rhizosphere and contributes to the increased productivity of Oryza sativa L. The number of grains per spike rose by 28.2-59.0%, 1000-grain weight – by 6.2%-10.6% compared to control.
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Anisimova, Tat'yana. "Effectiveness of the use of direct sowing and mineral fertilizers on the small-contour developed peatbog." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-115-119.

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The results of studies on the effectiveness of low-cost agrobiophysics and technology tillage perennial grasses on soils depleted and abandoned peat bogs. The combination of direct sowing seed grasses with mineral fertilizers increased the yields of grasses, an increase in reserves of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the root layer of soil, mitigation of soil degradation of the peatbog.
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8

PIMOKHOVA, Lyudmila, Zhanna TSARAPNEVA, and Nina Kharaborkina. "EFFECTIVENESS OF DRESSER TANK MIXTURE FOR LUPIN CROPS PROTECTION AGAINST PATHOGEN COMPLEX." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-106-112.

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Annually lupin sowing material is infected by spores and mycelium of many economic important fungi which located both on the surface and inside of seeds. It’s necessary to use combined, complex or mixed dressers with wide spectrum of antifungal action to control it. Under field conditions it was revealed that the tank dresser’s mixture of Vitaros + Syncler (2.0 + 0.5 l/ha) is more effective against many diseases’ agents in white and narrow-leafed lupin crops compared to the single Vitaros (2.0 l/ha). Pre-sowing seed treatment of these lupin species with the above mentioned tank mixture decreased plant infection by anthracnose by 3.7 and 2.1%, by Fusarium — by 8.5 and 9.4% and by rizoctoniose — by 6.4 and 7.0% respectively. Its use for seeds disinfection improves phytosanitary situation in crops; the last one allows save the yield of narrow-leafed and white lupines in 0.10 and 0.14 t/ha respectively and increase net profit per a hectare.
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9

Tukmacheva, E. V., and O. F. Khamova. "THE DEPENDENCE OF GRAIN YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT ON THE INTENSITY OF CELLULOSE DECOMPOSITION IN MEADOW-CHERNOZEM SOIL." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-246-249.

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We studied the cellulolytic activity of the winter wheat rhizosphere soil in a stationary field experiment with the application of mineral nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (N15P23 per hectare of crop rotation area), straw, and seed inoculation. We estimated the crop yield depending on the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the soil. We established that the intensity of cellulose decomposition in the rhizosphere of winter wheat was most affected by the application of mineral fertilizers, as well as the combination of the application of mineral fertilizers, straw, and seed inoculation with the biopreparation rhizoagrin before sowing.
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Konstantinovich, A. V., A. S. Kuracheva, and E. D. Binkevich. "Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-145.

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In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.
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Reports on the topic "Sowing pea"

1

Warta, Katharina, Tobias Dudenbostel, María del Carmen Calatrava Moreno, Francesca Guadagno, Simon Zingerle, Sandra Skok, and Harald Grill. Evaluierung des COMET-Programms. Technopolis Group - Austria, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.524.

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Technopolis wurde im Mai 2020 vom Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) und dem Bundesministerium für Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort (BMDW) mit der Evaluierung des COMET-Programms beauftragt. Die vorliegende Evaluierung bezieht sich auf die 25 aktuell existierenden Zentren. Der Fokus der Evaluierung liegt auf der Charakterisierung der COMET-Zentren und auf dem Monitoring- und Kennzahlensystem von COMET. Im Jahr der Corona-Pandemie wurden die Methoden angepasst, Interviews mit Stakeholdern und den Zentren wurden meist per Videocalls oder telefonisch geführt, geplante on-site Visits sowie internationale Workshops konnten nicht durchgeführt werden. Zentrale Quellen der Evaluierung sind eine Befragung der Zentren und der Unternehmens- und Wissenschaftspartner sowie die Datenbasis der FFG, die wir durch diverse Harmonisierungsschritte für neuwertige Auswertungen nutzbar machten. Dies umfasst insbesondere einen historischen Rückblick sowie eine Cluster- und Netzwerkanalyse. Die Auswartungen sind in zwei Dashboards angelegt, das Dashboard zur COMET-Befragung ist anonymisiert und daher öffentlich zugänglich.
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2

Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthese des NFP-70-Verbundprojekts «Abfallmanagement als Beitrag zur Energiewende (wastEturn)». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publikation_nfp70_nfp71.2020.2.de.

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Im Abfall steckt sowohl direkt wie auch indirekt viel Energie. So werden in der Schweiz pro Jahr Siedlungsabfälle mit einem Energiegehalt von rund 60 Petajoule verbrannt. Die daraus direkt zurückgewonnene Energie deckt etwa 4 Prozent des Endenergiebedarfs. Das grösste Potenzial der Abfallwirtschaft liegt aber meist darin, beim Recycling sekundäre Rohstoffe zu gewinnen und so indirekt die energieintensive Produktion von primären Rohstoffen zu verhindern. Um den Beitrag der Abfallwirtschaft zur Energiewende zu optimieren, braucht es in einem ersten Schritt vor allem Verbesserungen hinsichtlich einer transparenten Dokumentation der Material- und Geldflüsse und darauf aufbauend eine energetische Priorisierung der verschiedenen Verwertungs- und Entsorgungswege. Als diejenigen Abfallfraktionen mit dem grössten Verbesserungspotenzial wurden Papier und Karton sowie Plastik identifiziert. Bei Papier und Karton lassen sich aufgrund der sehr grossen Mengen bedeutende Effekte erzielen. Gebrauchte Kunststoffe werden mit Ausnahme der PET-Getränkeflaschen bisher erst wenig getrennt gesammelt. Ein grosses Optimierungspotenzial wurde auch bei der Energieeffizienz der Verbrennungsanlagen identifiziert. Damit KVAs die entstehende Wärme wirkungsvoller nutzen können, müssen aber Abnehmer für Dampf und Wärmeenergie in ihrer Nähe angesiedelt sein. Ein entscheidender Erfolgsfaktor für einen Wandel hin zu einer energieeffizienten Abfallwirtschaft ist die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den vielen Akteuren der föderalistisch organisierten Branche. Diese muss sich zum einen vermehrt entlang der Wertschöpfungsketten organisieren. Zum anderen gilt es dabei aber auch, die Freiräume der föderalen Vielfalt zu nutzen, um unterschiedliche Lösungswege zu testen.
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