Dissertations / Theses: 'Sox genes'

1

Prior, Heather Marie. "Genetic characterization of human SOX genes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0029/NQ59655.pdf.

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2

Le, RoueÌˆdec D. "Sox and bHLH genes in embryonic chick retina." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250536.

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3

Freestone, Sarah Helen. "Isolation and characterisation of novel human Sox genes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621837.

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4

Cheng, Yi-Chuan. "Analysis of Sox group E genes in developing nervous system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250518.

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5

Neirijnck, Yasmine. "Contrôle transcriptionnel du développement rénal par la famille de gènes Sox." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4109.

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Les anomalies congénitales du rein et du tractus urinaire (CAKUT) sont l’une des malformations les plus fréquentes chez l’homme, et résultent d’un défaut du programme de dévelopement des organes. La famille de gènes Sox code pour 20 facteurs de transcription qui assurent des fonctions multiples et essentielles pendant l’organogenèse chez l’homme et la souris. Nous avons précedemment montré que Sox8 et Sox9 sont nécessaires au branchement de l’uretère, et la perte de ces gènes résulte en une agénésie rénale. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse était de caractériser le role des gènes Sox-C (Sox4/11/12) in vivo chez la souris. L’analyse des patrons d’expression a révélé que Sox4 , Sox11 et Sox12 sont co-exprimés dans les cellules progénitirices des néphrons, destinées à subir une transition mésenchyme epithelium (MET) pour former des vésicules qui s'allongent pour aboutir au néphron fonctionnel. L’analyse phénotypique a révélé une redondance fonctionnelle entre Sox4 et Sox11 pendant les processus de MET et de maturation des néphrons: les double mutants développent une hypodysplasie rénale dûe à une réduction dramatique du nombre et de la taille des néphrons. Le pool de progéniteurs de néphrons est intact chez ces mutants mais incapable de s’engager dans la nephrogenèse, probablement dû à un changement d’identité cellulaire. Par ailleurs, en l’absence de Sox11, des bourgeons uretéraux ectopiques se forment, conduisant à des reins duplex, phénotype présent dans une proportion de patients CAKUT. De manière importante, nous avons identifié une série de variants SOX11 dans une cohorte de patients CAKUT, suggérant l'implication de mutations SOX11 dans cette maladie chez l'homme
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) belong to the mostcommon birth defects in human and are caused by defects in the program governing organ development. The Sox gene family encodes 20 transcription factors that ensure multiple and essential functions during mouse and human organogenesis. We have previously shown that the homologous genes Sox8 and Sox9 are required for the branching process of the ureter and their loss results in renal agenesis. In this thesis project, we aimed to identify and characterize the role of the Sox-C genes (Sox4/11/12), in vivo using mouse models. Expression analysis revealed that Sox4, Sox11 and Sox12 are coexpressed in the self-renewing nephron precursors cells that are destined to undergo mesenchyme-to-eptihelial transition (MET) to form vesicles that elongate to give rise to the functional nephrons. Phenotypical analysis revealed a functional redundancy between Sox4 and Sox11 in MET and nephron maturation processes: double mutants display renal hypodysplasia, due to a dramatic reduction in the number and size of nephrons. The nephron precursor pool is intact in these mutants but unable to commit to nephrogenesis, probably because of a cell identity change. In addition, in the absence of Sox11, ectopic ureteric buds form, leading to duplex kidneys, a phenotype found in a proportion of CAKUT patients. Importantly, mutation analysis of a cohort suffering from CAKUT syndrome identified a series of SOX11 variants, thus suggesting an involvement of SOX11 mutations in this human disease

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6

De, Martino Sara Patricia. "Identification and characterisation of Sox genes from the zebrafish, Danio rerio." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245706.

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7

Overton, Paul Michael. "The role of Sox genes in the development of Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619954.

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8

Maher, Joshua Paul. "Investigating the functional and evolutionary significance of Group B Sox genes in arthropods." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269702.

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Group B Sox genes play a critical developmental role in both vertebrates and insects. Within the model species Drosophila melanogaster, two SoxB genes, Dichaete and SoxNeuro, have been shown to act as ‘master regulators’ in the early development of the central nervous system. SoxB genes have only been characterised in a handful of arthropod species thus far, with most work to date focusing on drosophilids. The purpose of this investigation was twofold. First, I set out to resolve the phylogenetic origins of arthropod SoxB genes, as mutually exclusive models explaining their emergence are still contested. I have identified and annotated the SoxB of several invertebrate taxa. In total, my investigation includes 24 different metazoan taxa, and represents the largest investigation of arthropod SoxB phylogeny to date. In light of this research, I have proposed a new model of SoxB evolution which resolves the conflicting elements of the two primary competing models. Second, to study the evolution of SoxB in terms of functional conservation/divergence, I selected the emerging model organism Tribolium castaneum to draw a comparative analysis with Drosophila melanogaster. I first began by characterising the spatiotemporal expression patterns of SoxNeuro mRNA in early Tribolium embryos using whole mount in situ hybridisation, and examined published Dichaete expression patterns in the context of central nervous system development in T. castaneum. Using these data, I draw a comparison to the expression profiles of Dichaete and SoxNeuro orthologues in Drosophila melanogaster and other species. I have found that both Dichaete and SoxNeuro expression patterns in the developing central nervous system are remarkably well-conserved across species. I also attempted to characterise genome-wide binding for both Dichaete and SoxNeuro proteins in Tribolium in what would have represented the first genomic investigation of its kind in this emerging species. Using a tethered DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) enzyme for both SoxNeuro and Dichaete, I hoped to characterise the genomic loci with which each protein interacts within the beetle genome (a technique known as DamID). Unfortunately, these last set of experiments have proved unsuccessful, despite several attempts which have made use of different promoters, different DNA enrichment methodologies, and tackling unforeseen DNA contamination issues. Nevertheless, the troubleshooting experiments that I have carried out will pave the way for further genomic experiments in Tribolium, easing the establishment of genomic research in this emerging organism.

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9

Cheung, Chi Hang. "Analysis of group C sox genes in the developing central nervous system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368259.

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10

Lee, Ching-Jung. "Sox related genes in cerebellar tumours and developing cerebellum : including the identification of a new family of sox-related transcription factor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250589.

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11

Neirijnck, Yasmine. "Contrôle transcriptionnel du développement rénal par la famille de gènes Sox." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4109.

Full text

Abstract:

Les anomalies congénitales du rein et du tractus urinaire (CAKUT) sont l’une des malformations les plus fréquentes chez l’homme, et résultent d’un défaut du programme de dévelopement des organes. La famille de gènes Sox code pour 20 facteurs de transcription qui assurent des fonctions multiples et essentielles pendant l’organogenèse chez l’homme et la souris. Nous avons précedemment montré que Sox8 et Sox9 sont nécessaires au branchement de l’uretère, et la perte de ces gènes résulte en une agénésie rénale. L’objectif de ce projet de thèse était de caractériser le role des gènes Sox-C (Sox4/11/12) in vivo chez la souris. L’analyse des patrons d’expression a révélé que Sox4 , Sox11 et Sox12 sont co-exprimés dans les cellules progénitirices des néphrons, destinées à subir une transition mésenchyme epithelium (MET) pour former des vésicules qui s'allongent pour aboutir au néphron fonctionnel. L’analyse phénotypique a révélé une redondance fonctionnelle entre Sox4 et Sox11 pendant les processus de MET et de maturation des néphrons: les double mutants développent une hypodysplasie rénale dûe à une réduction dramatique du nombre et de la taille des néphrons. Le pool de progéniteurs de néphrons est intact chez ces mutants mais incapable de s’engager dans la nephrogenèse, probablement dû à un changement d’identité cellulaire. Par ailleurs, en l’absence de Sox11, des bourgeons uretéraux ectopiques se forment, conduisant à des reins duplex, phénotype présent dans une proportion de patients CAKUT. De manière importante, nous avons identifié une série de variants SOX11 dans une cohorte de patients CAKUT, suggérant l'implication de mutations SOX11 dans cette maladie chez l'homme
Congenital abnormalities of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) belong to the mostcommon birth defects in human and are caused by defects in the program governing organ development. The Sox gene family encodes 20 transcription factors that ensure multiple and essential functions during mouse and human organogenesis. We have previously shown that the homologous genes Sox8 and Sox9 are required for the branching process of the ureter and their loss results in renal agenesis. In this thesis project, we aimed to identify and characterize the role of the Sox-C genes (Sox4/11/12), in vivo using mouse models. Expression analysis revealed that Sox4, Sox11 and Sox12 are coexpressed in the self-renewing nephron precursors cells that are destined to undergo mesenchyme-to-eptihelial transition (MET) to form vesicles that elongate to give rise to the functional nephrons. Phenotypical analysis revealed a functional redundancy between Sox4 and Sox11 in MET and nephron maturation processes: double mutants display renal hypodysplasia, due to a dramatic reduction in the number and size of nephrons. The nephron precursor pool is intact in these mutants but unable to commit to nephrogenesis, probably because of a cell identity change. In addition, in the absence of Sox11, ectopic ureteric buds form, leading to duplex kidneys, a phenotype found in a proportion of CAKUT patients. Importantly, mutation analysis of a cohort suffering from CAKUT syndrome identified a series of SOX11 variants, thus suggesting an involvement of SOX11 mutations in this human disease

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12

Desai, Kunjan. "Studies on the effect of chilling on sox genes and protein expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/271312.

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In aquaculture, short term chilled storage has been used to transport brood stock fish embryos for genetic improvement programmes. It is therefore important to understand the effect of chilling on embryos at both developmental and molecular levels. In the present study, gene expression patterns in zebrafish embryos were studied before investigations were carried out on the effect of chilling on gene and protein expression in these embryos. The gene expression results obtained in different developmental stages using conventional PCR showed that, only sox genes were expressed throughout the tested developmental stages from 30% epiboly to 6 somites. Quantitative RT-PCR was then used to investigate sox gene expression patterns during chilling of 50% epiboly stage embryos at 0°C for up to 180 min and also after warming. Significant decreases in sox2 and sox3 expressions were observed when compared to those of controls following chilling whilst significant increases of expressions of the two genes were observed after warming in the embryos chilled for 30 and 60 min. Studies on the impact of cryoprotectant MeOH on sox genes and protein expression showed that 50% epiboly stage zebrafish embryos could tolerate chilling for up to 6 h with or without MeOH. It was observed that expression of all three sox genes were significantly decreased following chilling for 3 h at 0°C. However the degree of decrease was less pronounced in embryos chilled with different concentrations of MeOH. Significant increases in sox genes were observed in hatching stage embryos chilled with 1 M MeOH for 3h but subsequent sox2 and sox19a protein expression was not affected. The effect of long term chilling (18h) on sox gene and protein expression in 50% epiboly stage embryos was also investigated. Improved hatching rates (56% ± 5) were achieved when embryos were chilled with 1 M MeOH + 0.1 M sucrose. Results from gene expression studies showed a stable sox2 gene expression in 18 h chilled embryos in cryoprotectant mixture when compared to that of embryos chilled without cryoprotectant mixture. Similar patterns were observed when the expression of sox2 and sox3 protein was investigated. This is the first study carried out on the effect of chilling in early stage zebrafish embryos at the molecular level. The results obtained from the present study provided useful information on the molecular mechanisms of the effect of chilling on zebrafish embryos and will have important implications in designing chilled storage protocols for fish embryos.

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13

Manto, Kara Lynne Elizabeth. "Evidence of haploid gene expression of sex-linked candidate genes for putative sex-chromosome specific proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56347.pdf.

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14

Collignon, Jerome Vincent. "Study of a new family of genes relating to the mammalian testis determining gene." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316658.

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15

Korn, Richard Mervyn. "Mapping sex determining genes and development of techniques for gene mapping in the domestic fowl." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624653.

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16

Reid, Mark. "Gene-Environment Interactions in Cortisol Reactivity: Sex, Genes, and Adversity Predict Responses to Psychosocial Stress." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17923.

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Extreme variations in cortisol reactivity are associated with multiple psychological and physiological diseases. These variations may be explained by sex, by genetic vulnerabilities, and by exposure to either recent life stressors (severe life events or ongoing difficulties) or early life adversity (e.g., antipathy; neglect; or psychological, physical, or sexual abuse). To explore interactions among these variables, a subset of 20-22 years-old individuals (N = 373) recruited for an ongoing longitudinal cohort-sequential study of substance abuse risk factors were assessed. These individuals were interviewed about early childhood abuse and recent stressful life experiences. They were also genotyped for multiple polymorphisms within genes associated with attenuated or exaggerated cortisol reactivity (5-HTTLPR and rs25532 in SERT, rs4680 in COMT, rs5522 in MR gene NR3C2, rs110402 and rs1876831 in CRHR1, rs1799971 in OPRM1, and rs1800497 in ANKK1), participated in a laboratory social stress task, and provided salivary cortisol samples throughout the task. Results indicate that cortisol reactivity may be shaped by both early and recent life experiences and genetic vulnerabilities; most interactions between these variables differed depending on an individual's sex. Specifically, carriers of two copies of minor alleles of ANKK1, COMT, and CRHR1 displayed dysregulated cortisol that varied according to sex and early life experiences. Male minor allele carriers who experienced more severe physical abuse displayed attenuated reactivity, and males who were not severely abused displayed exaggerated responses. Female minor allele carriers displayed the opposite pattern - abused females displayed exaggerated reactivity. Carriers of major alleles did not show these patterns. Attenuated cortisol reactivity was also observed in all individuals who experienced sexual abuse or neglect, and elevated responses were observed in individuals carrying two copies of minor alleles in both SERT polymorphisms and OPRM1. Together, results inform a developmental model of cortisol dysregulation. Cortisol reactivity may present a useful endophenotype for future studies of physiological and psychological disease processes and treatment outcomes.

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17

Gozé, Catherine. "Les gènes sox : clonages, caractérisations et conservation dans le règne animal." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T018.

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18

Hawkes, Michael Francis. "Sex, selfish genes, and the shared genome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29282.

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Sexual conflict can occur whenever the evolutionary interests of males and females differ, and when sexually antagonistic selection acts upon traits shared between the sexes, one or both sexes can be constrained from reaching their phenotypic optima. This intralocus sexual conflict can be characterised by a tug-of-war of allelic replacement until it is resolved, but examples of well-characterised sexually antagonistic loci are rare. This thesis investigates the basis and dynamics of intralocus sexual conflict over insecticide resistance at the Cyp6g1 locus in Drosophila melanogaster, and wing colouration in Drosophila simulans. In D. melanogaster, the Cyp6g1 locus is the site of a series of insecticide resistance alleles, one of which is sexually antagonistic when back-crossed to the old isogenic lab strain Canton-S. I investigated the presence of sexual conflict over this same allele in a recently collected and genetically heterogeneous population. I found evidence of balancing selection on resistance (Ch. 2) that could not be explained by overdominance or sex-specific dominance (Ch. 3). However, balancing selection could be explained by resistance conferring increased fecundity to females (Ch. 2-4), and decreased reproductive success to males (Ch. 4). This male cost can in turn be explained by a negative genetic correlation between reproductive success and Cyp6g1 expression (Ch. 4), possibly influencing levels of reproductive investment (Ch. 2). Additionally, I explored the dynamics of the sex-specific fitness effects of resistance across three Cyp6g1 alleles back-crossed to a single genetic background. I found no evidence of sexual antagonism, but revealed that the cost of resistance increased with more derived alleles, and that all alleles were more costly to females (Ch. 5). After decades of strong selection imposed by insecticide use an unresolved sexual conflict persists at the Cyp6g1 locus despite sexual dimorphism in resistance, and it does not appear that more derived Cyp6g1 alleles are necessarily involved in mediating this conflict. Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are a newly discovered trait subject to female mate choice in Drosophila. I explored the potential for intralocus sexual conflict over WIPs by measuring WIP traits from males and females from populations of D. simulans evolved under relaxed or elevated sexual selection. In response to sexual selection male WIPs evolved to be brighter, higher contrast, and shifted to longer wavelengths of light, but there was no associated response to selection in females (Ch. 6). While WIPs did not appear to be constrained from detectably responding to selection by acute intralocus sexual conflict, male WIPs from the relaxed selection regime were similar to female WIPs, suggesting a cost to sexually selected WIPs that may be indicative of sexually antagonistic selection. IASC is pervasive and can influence a wide range of fundamental evolutionary processes including sexual selection, speciation, and extinction. The research presented in this thesis adds to a body of evidence that sexual dimorphism does not necessarily resolve IASC, and documents the first evidence that WIPs do not appear to be subject to acute IASC and can evolve in response to sexual selection.

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19

Gustavsson, Therese, and Daniela Stojkovic. "Jag står inte ut : En studie om sex som självskadebeteende." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38472.

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Syftet med studien är att analysera olika rapporter gällande sex som självskadebeteende samt varför unga skadar sig själva med sex. Sex som självskada är inte lika synligt som andra typer av självskador som att skära sig eller att bränna sig. Utifrån de utvalda rapporterna som utgör empirin vill vi undersöka varför ungdomar genomför skadliga handlingar genom sex och också vilka skillnader och likheter som framkommer i rapporterna. Vi vill belysa sex som självskada och få en ökad förståelse för ämnet. Vårt empiriska material består av fem olika rapporter med en koppling till sex som självskada. Även om vårt fokus huvudsakligen är icke suicidala självskador hos unga, så är det viktigt att nämna att det är en högre risk för självmordstankar om det finns ett självskadebeteende. Vi har använt oss av textanalys som är en kvalitativ metod när vi analyserade rapporterna. Vårt resultat visade på fem återkommande teman. Dessa är orsaker till sex som självskada, begreppet sex som självskada, kön- och åldersskillnader, ond cirkel samt bemötande och behandling. Dessa teman har sedan kopplats till teorier om genus, identitet och sexualitet med en utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktivism.
The aim of the study is to analyse different reports regarding sex as a self-injurious behaviour and why adolescents harm themselves through sex. Sex as a self injury is not as visible as other types of deliberate self harm such as cutting or burning skin and it can be anyone around you. Based on selected reports as our empirical material we want to acknowledge why youngsters conduct harmful actions through sex and also what differences and similarities the reports share. We want to pay attention to the topic of sex as a self injury and gain an increased understanding of it. Our empirical material consist of five different reports with a connection to sex as self injury. Although our focus is mainly on non-suicidal self injury among adolescents, it is important to mention that there is a higher risk of suicidal thoughts in connection to self injurious behaviour. We have analysed the reports through a qualitative method, text analysis. Our results showed fives recurring themes. These are causes of sex as self injury, differences in how the concept is used, differences among age and gender, vicious cycle and treatment. The themes are then connected to theories such as gender, sexuality and identity with a premisses of social construction.

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20

Zhang, Zhi. "Molecular evolution of sex biased genes in Drosophila." Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00006386.

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21

Whitfield, Liam Simon. "The evolutionary history of SRY and the human Y chromosome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264504.

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22

Savelkoul, Elizabeth Jennings. "Molecular evolution of meiosis genes in fungi." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6635.

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Meiosis as a general process is prevalent across the eukaryotes, as are the orthologs of many genes encoding proteins known to function in meiosis. However, many organisms have experienced derived losses of otherwise well-conserved meiosis genes without losing meiosis and sexual reproduction. Although this general conservation of meiosis genes and precedent for derived meiosis gene losses has been previously established, questions remain about the frequency of and evolutionary forces contributing to these trends. This work sought (i) to characterize the phylogenetic distribution of 15 meiosis genes (most of which are known to function only in meiosis) in the exemplar eukaryotic kingdom Fungi and (ii) to use this dataset to investigate evolutionary processes contributing to the loss and retention of these genes. Orthologs of 15 meiosis genes (Rad51, Rad21, Spo11, Rec8, Dmc1, Hop2, Mnd1, Sae3/Swi5, Mei5/Sfr1, Pch2, Hop1, Msh4, Msh5, Mer3, Zip3) were identified by BLAST-based techniques and phylogenetically validated in most of the 109 publicly available sequenced fungal genomes investigated, but numerous putative derived losses were also detected. Rad51, Rad21, Rec8, and Spo11 were nearly universally conserved; the remaining genes were each undetectable or independently pseudogenized multiple times within fungi, particularly often for Pch2. Genes with previously known functional interactions tended to show parallel presence, absence, or pseudogenization patterns. Although this work primarily established the conserved presence of meiosis gene orthologs at the DNA level, examination of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) showed that many species--including some not previously known to undergo sexual reproduction--were competent to transcribe (and often splice) mRNA from the identified meiosis genes. Factors potentially influencing derived meiosis gene losses were investigated in two ways. First, degenerate PCR was used to amplify loci expected to contain orthologs of Msh4, Msh5, Pch2, and Zip3 in various Aspergillus species closely related to Aspergillus nidulans (a species with undetected or pseudogenized orthologs of these four genes.) The loss of Pch2 substantially predated the pseudogenization of Msh4, Msh5, and Zip3. Evolutionary rate analyses using the Ka/Ks ratio found no change in nonsynonymous substitution patterns in Msh4 and Msh5 in species that had lost Pch2 compared to those retaining Pch2. Elevated Zip3 Ka/Ks values were found in species with pseudogenized Msh4 and Msh5, suggesting possible obligate functional interactions of Zip3 with Msh4 and Msh5. Second, phylogenetically independent contrasts (PIC) analyses were performed on species from the 109-taxon inventory with published chromosome number and chromosome size estimates to investigate whether changes in either parameter were consistently associated with changes in the presence or absence of meiosis genes. Many analyses had low statistical power, neither detecting nor being able to exclude an association between gene loss and the tested variables. However, several comparisons did detect significant or nearly significant trends: for example, fungi that had lost genes related to crossover interference (Msh4, Msh5, or Pch2) tended to have fewer and/or larger chromosomes than their closest relatives without gene loss. A final objective was to determine the distribution of meiosis genes in lichenized fungi and green algae to see whether this form of symbiosis was associated with differences in the presence or molecular evolution of meiosis genes. Rad51, Dmc1, and Mnd1 were each amplified by degenerate PCR from multiple lichenized fungi that lacked sequenced genomes, and no systematic difference in evolutionary rate was found between examined lichenized fungi compared to other examined classes in phylum Ascomycota. Bioinformatic analyses of meiosis gene distribution in green algae revealed not only no obvious increased tendency for derived gene losses in examined lichenized green algae but also very few derived meiosis gene losses in green algae in general. This suggests that lichenization may not be associated with consistent differences in the evolution of meiosis genes in either fungal or green algal symbionts. The green algal results also illustrate the need to investigate the extent to which eukaryotes as a whole exhibit the same trends of meiosis gene evolution described here for fungi: frequent derived losses of meiosis genes, genes encoding proteins with function interactions showing similar distributions, likely roles for post-transcriptional regulation of meiosis gene transcripts, and loss of crossover distribution-related genes potentially being associated with constraints on chromosome size and/or haploid chromosome number.

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23

Larsson, Michaela, and Lovisa Gustavsson. "Om yrkesverksammas förståelse av fenomenet sex som självskadehandling : - en kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54423.

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The aim of this study was to examine how professionals, in the field of social work, perceive and describes the phenomenon sex as a way to self-harm. By taking note of how professionals describes the meaning of the phenomenon and its function and examine their beliefs about gender differences, we wish to, with the help of selected theories, seek understanding of the phenomenon. In our research for previous studies, we noticed the lack of scientific research, which made us curious about the phenomenon and wanted to seek for a better understanding. The study was conducted through a qualitative method based on a survey constituted by open questions. The survey was filled by different professionals that are working in the field of social work. The conclusion of our study shows that the phenomenon is very complex and there are many different causes and aims to self-harm by using sex. The study also showed that the professionals that participated in this study had some beliefs about gender differences linked to the phenomenon.

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24

Juhano, Henrik. "Ett urval av högläsningsböcker ur ett genusperspektiv : En studie om sex lärares förstahandsval av skönlitteratur som högläses i skolår 4-6." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Stockholm Institute of Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7699.

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Denna studie undersöker sex grundskolelärares förstahandsval av skönlitteratur som de läser högt i sina integrerade klasser i skolår 4-6 i en kommunal skola i en storstadskommun. Studien undersöker lärarnas syfte med högläsning av skönlitteratur i klassen samt ta reda på vad lärarna vill förmedla med sitt litteraturval. Syftet med studien är att ur ett genusteoretiskt- och didaktiskt perspektiv fördjupa min kunskap om de skönlitterära högläsningsböcker som läses av sex grundskolelärare i en integrerad klass i skolår 4-6, detta för att förbereda mig själv inför mitt blivande yrke som lärare och för att i mitt kommande uppdrag motverka traditionella könsroller. Teoretiska utgångspunkter för studien är teorier som belyser högläsningens betydelse i skolan och teorier samt aktuell forskning om genus. Studiens datainsamlande bygger dels på den enkät som lärarna (informanterna) besvarade, dels på två individuella kvalitativa intervjuer samt den av informanterna valda skönlitteraturen för högläsning. Resultatet gav en liten fingervisning om att de i studien deltagande lärare som läste minst på sin egen fritid, var de som genomförde flest högläsningsstunder för sin klass. De flesta av de valda böckerna var skrivna av manliga författare och innehöll flest karaktärer av manligt kön, men i tre av fem böcker visade det sig vara en huvudrollsinnehavare av kvinnligt kön. Lärarna som ingår i studien väljer oftast skönlitteratur utifrån det temaområde och den åldersgrupp högläsningen och undervisningen avser. Genus- och jämställdhetsperspektiv är däremot inget medvetet kriterium för lärarna vid valet av skönlitteratur för högläsning. Studien visade att den valda litteraturen presenterar, upprätthåller samt förstärker mer eller mindre de traditionella föreställningarna om stereotypa könsroller.

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25

Shakib, Ali Mohammad. "MADS-box genes in sorrel (Rumex acetosa)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391815.

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Grath, Sonja. "Molecular Evolution of Sex-Biased Genes in Drosophila ananassae." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-116511.

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Johnson, Amy Elizabeth. "Strategies to study sex determining genes in the mouse." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409128.

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Töhönen, Virpi. "Novel genes in gonadal development /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-115-2/.

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Tavallaee, Ghazaleh. "Molecular mechanism of SRY action during testicular differentiation in the mouse." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112313.

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SRY (Sex determining Region of Y chromosome) is the master gene initiating testis determination in mammals. To shed light on the molecular mechanism of SRY action during testicular differentiation, we examined the effects of TAT-HMG fusion protein on gonadal sex differentiation in culture. HMG is the DNA binding motif of SRY and "TAT" is a protein transduction domain. Each pair of CD1 mouse gonadal primordia at 11.5 days post coitum (dpc) was cultured with or without TAT-HMG dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) up to 3 days. Immunocytochemical labeling and Real-time RT-PCR of Sry, Sox9 and Mis indicated that DMSO blocked testicular differentiation, Sertoli cell differentiation and testis cords formation, downstream of SRY. TUNEL showed a massive mesenchymal cell death, which might be responsible for disruption of testis cord formation. Treatment with TAT-HMG rescued Sertoli cell differentiation, probably by up regulation of Sry, but not testis cord formation or cell death.

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30

Nguyen-Van-Hau. "On farm performance of Vietnamese pig breeds and its relation to candidate genes." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993180027/04.

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31

Fridén, Sabina, and Fanny Barck. ""Jag försöker alltid se eleverna som personer och inte som kön" : En studie om idrottslärares genusmedvetenhet." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-1769.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur genusordningen kan ta sig uttryck i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Detta har lett fram till följande frågeställningar: På vilket sätt upplever lärarna att eleverna återskapar existerande normer kring kvinnligt och manligt? Hur påverkar idrottslärares medvetenhet om genus deras ställningstaganden och förhållningssätt på idrottslektionen? Vilka strategier har idrottslärare för att utmana de traditionella könsrollerna i ämnet idrott och hälsa? Vad anser idrottslärare om flickors och pojkars villkor i ämnet idrott och hälsa? Metod De metoder som har använts i studien är kvalitativ intervju och observation. Tre idrottslärare på tre olika kommunala skolor valdes ut. Urvalet skedde genom ett flerstegsurval. För att få en djupare förståelse för lärarnas resonemang valde vi att genomföra alla observationer före intervjutillfällena. Vi utformade vårt observationsschema samt vår intervjuguide utifrån Yvonne Hirdmans teori om genussystem. Denna teori har också legat till grund för hur vi har tolkat resultatet. Resultat De lärare vi studerat använder sig av ett könsneutralt språk och förhållningssätt vilket också återspeglas i elevernas respons. Lärarna har olika strategier för att utmana den rådande genusordningen, exempelvis gruppindelning och ett förtydligande av läraransvaret. Trots att lärarna uppvisar en stor förståelse för hur genussystemet tar sig uttryck och verkar återskapas föreställningarna om kvinnligt och manligt genom små omedvetna processer hos lärarna. De uppvisar en öppenhet för att se genusstrukturer, dess verkan i idrottsundervisningen och påtalar vikten av utbildning inom genus. Slutsats Lärarna i vår studie ser sina elever som personer med olika förmågor och erfarenheter. De menar att den individuella spridningen hos eleverna har större betydelse för prestation än vad kön har i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Kurser inom genus är viktigt under lärarutbildningen tillsammans med en kontinuerlig fortbildning för att kunna realisera de teoretiska kunskaperna inom genusfältet i sin idrottsundervisning.

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Tai, C. P. Andrew. "An in vivo analysis of specificity of gene transactivation by SOX proteins." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36906438.

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Tai, C. P. Andrew, and 戴賜鵬. "An in vivo analysis of specificity of gene transactivation by SOX proteins." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36906438.

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34

Sanchez, Soriano Natalia. "Analysis of the in vivo function of the Drosophila Sox gene Dichaete." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624526.

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35

Oliveira, Luisa Abruzzi de. "Análise transcricional dos genes ISA1, NFS1 e ISU1 de Eucalyptus grandis sob estresse." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15492.

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Os agrupamentos de ferro-enxofre (Fe-S) são grupos prostéticos necessários para a manutenção da vida, pois estão envolvidos em diversos processos incluindo a transferência de elétrons, reações metabólicas, sinalização e regulação da expressão gênica. As plantas realizam fotossíntese e respiração, dois processos que requerem proteínas Fe-S, sendo os únicos organismos em que a síntese destas proteínas é compartimentalizada. Diversos fatores afetam o desenvolvimento das plantas, entre eles, a temperatura baixa, fator limitante à produtividade e à distribuição geográfica das plantas, incluindo Eucalyptus grandis, uma espécie com grande importância econômica. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise transcricional dos genes NFS1, ISA1 e ISU1 de E. grandis após diferentes estúmlos por meio de PCR quantitativa (qRT-PCR) e microarranjos. Após o tratamento de plântulas de E. grandis com frio, foram realizados experimentos de qRT-PCR. Os resultados foram normalizados com os genes constitutivos codificadores da histona H2B e da ribonucleoproteína L23A. Considerando tal normalização, ISU1 aumentou sua expressão em 0,6 e 1,7 vezes, NFS1 apresentou um aumento de 6 e 8 vezes, enquanto ISA1 apresentou um aumento de 69 a 114 vezes em relação à condição controle. Utilizando-se a técnica de microarranjos, foi analisada a diferença de expressão entre folhas e xilema de árvores maduras de E. grandis. O gene NFS1 apresentou maior expressão nas folhas do que em xilema, porém os genes ISA1 e ISU1 apresentaram um padrão de expressão equivalente entre os dois tipos de tecidos. Esses resultados sugerem que (i) os genes NFS1 e ISA1 podem estar relacionados à resposta celular ao estresse causado por frio; e que (ii) os aumentos na expressão devem-se, provavelmente, ao metabolismo de enxofre e à indução de enzimas antioxidantes. Foi também realizado um experimento de curva de tempo com a submissão de plântulas de E. grandis ao resfriamento, objetivando-se verificar em que momento esses genes começam a ter suas expressões aumentadas. O gene ISU1 apresentou maior expressão gênica nas primeiras duas horas de tratamento, caindo drasticamente logo após este período. O gene ISA1, que havia apresentado a maior expressão relativa no experimento anterior, não apresentou diferença significativa no padrão de expressão durante as 16 horas de resfriamento, assim como o gene NFS1. Esses resultados indicam que as proteínas Fe-S, frente ao resfriamento, estão possivelmente envolvidas na recuperação das plantas após tal estresse.
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are prosthetic groups required for the maintenance of life because they are involved in various vital processes, including electron transfers, metabolic reactions, signaling and regulation of gene expression. Plants perform photosynthesis and respiration, two processes that require Fe-S proteins, and are the only organisms in which the synthesis of these proteins is compartmentalized. Several factors and stresses affect the development of plants including low temperature, which is a productivity-limiting factor and restricts plants to certain geographical distributions, including Eucalyptus grandis, a species with significant economic importance. The aim of this study is to perform an analysis of E. grandis NFS1 and ISA1 gene expressions after different stimuli through quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and microarrays. qRT-PCR experiment were conducted on plants submitted to a cold treatment. The results were normalized with the housekeeping genes encoding histone H2B and ribonucleoprotein L23A. Considering such normalizations, ISU1 increased the expression 0.6 and 1-fold, NFS1 showed a 6 and 8-fold increase in comparison with the control condition, while ISA1 gene increased 69 and 114-fold. Using microarrays, the difference in expression between leaves and xylem of E. grandis was analyzed. The NFS1 gene showed higher expression in leaves than in xylem, but the ISA1and ISU1 showed equivalent pattern of expression in both types of tissues. These results suggest that (i) NFS1 and ISA1 genes are related to the cellular response to the stress caused by chilling, and that (ii) the increased expression should be probably due to the metabolism of sulfur and to the induction of antioxidative enzymes. A time-course experiment was also conducted during the cold stress of E. grandis plants to look at which moment these genes begin to increase their expressions. The ISU1 gene showed higher expression in the first 2 hours of treatment, and than decreased severally after this period. The ISA1 gene, which had shown the highest expression in the previous experiment, did not show significant differences in the pattern of expression during the 16 hours of chilling treatment, as well as the NFS1 gene. These results indicate that Fe-S proteins, in response to low temperature, are possibly involved in the recovery of the plants after this stress.

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Issa, Maria, and Jenny Samuelsson. "Föräldraskap och våld : sex socialsekreterares uppfattningar av modern och fadern som föräldrar i familjer där mannen utövar våld mot kvinnan." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-829.

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Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka sex socialsekreterares uppfattningar av modern och fadern som föräldrar i familjer där mannen utövar våld mot kvinnan samt att undersöka om deras uppfattningar av modern och fadern skiljer sig åt, avseende föräldraskapet. Undersökningen bestod av halvstrukturerade intervjuer med sex socialsekreterare. Resultaten analyserades utifrån tidigare forskning, rollteori och genus. Resultaten av undersökningen visade att socialsekreterarna uppfattade ett bra föräldraskap som att det medför skyldigheter såsom att tillgodose sina barns behov. Mödrar och fäder har lika ansvar för barnets välbefinnande. De uppfattade att våldsutövande fäder och våldsutsatta mödrar brister i sitt föräldraskap. Till skillnad från mödrarna ansågs fäderna däremot, utöver våldet, kunna fungera adekvat i sitt föräldraskap då han omsorgsmässigt ofta kan ta hand om barnen. Opartiskhet samt att se båda föräldrarnas ansvar i hur våldet påverkar barnen, ansågs viktigt för socialsekreterarnas förhållningssätt.

Vidare framkom att båda föräldrarna behöver hjälp och stödinsatser i sitt föräldraskap. I uppsatsen diskuterades att uppfattningar kring roller och genus är sociala konstruktioner, som styr hur socialsekreterarna uppfattar att våldsutsatta mödrar och våldsutövande fäder fungerar i sin föräldraroll. Mödrars föräldraskap anses omfattas av högre krav då de görs till huvudansvariga för våldet och barnen.

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Karlsson, Jane, Per Aspengren, and Veronica Öwer. "Flickor och ADHD : En kvalitativ studie som visar vilka symtom som beskrivs när det gäller flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1256.

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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka huruvida det i barn- och ungdomspsykiatrins journaler förekommer dokumentation som visar på symtom som förekommer hos flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD. Frågeställningarna är: Vilka symtom beskrivs hos flickor som diagnostiserats med ADHD? Vilka symtom beskrivs hos de flickor som har en tilläggsdiagnos utöver ADHD? I vilka ålderskategorier beskrivs symtomen som mest framträdande? I vilka miljöer framträder symtomen som beskrivs hos flickorna? Studiens tolkningsram är tidigare forskning och Erik H Eriksons modell över den psykosociala utvecklingen människans åtta åldrar. Metodvalet är kvalitativt med deduktiv ansats. Studien bygger på ett urval journaler, totalt 34 stycken, på flickor mellan 7 och 18 år som diagnostiserats med ADHD och som varit aktuella för utredning och behandling mellan 2005-03-01 och 2006-03-01 på en barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk klinik i en mellansvensk stad. Resultatet visar att det finns tolv symtom som som beskrivits och dokumenterats i journalerna. Av dessa är sju symtom betydligt vanligare hos flickor mellan 13 och 18 år och ett symtom betydligt vanligare hos flickor mellan 7 och 12 år. Resultatet visar även att en tilläggsdiagnos kan påverka symtombilden för flickorna men den behöver inte göra det. Studien visar dessutom att symtomen är mest framträdande i skol- och hemmiljön. I diskussionen betonas att det är angeläget att uppmärksamma dessa flickor och då gärna så tidigt som möjligt för att förebygga utvecklingen av symtom. Utifrån resultatet är en viktig slutsats att flickorna bör få adekvat stöd i de miljöer där symtomen är mest framträdande. Studien efterfrågar vidare forskning om huruvida fler symtom innebär större svårigheter för dem som diagnostiserats samt om en ökad anpassning utifrån deras behov skulle kunna underlätta tillvaron för dem.

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Coltri, Patricia Pereira. "Expressão de genes de Xylella fastidiosa sob diferentes condições de crescimento." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317429.

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Orientador: Yoko Bomura Rosato
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:37:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coltri_PatriciaPereira_M.pdf: 3758357 bytes, checksum: b876e9040dade148f4a3a7007b1c76e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
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39

Coito, João Lucas Fidalgo Oliveira. "Vitis vinifera sex genes: from the wild to the domesticated varieties." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15072.

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Doutoramento em Biologia / Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Vitis vinifera vinifera is a domesticated hermaphrodite plant subspecies, and one of the most important crops in the world, required for wine making among other products. Vitis vinifera sylvestris is a dioecious subspecies considered the wild ancestral of V. v. vinifera. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the shift between hermaphroditism to dioecy are largely unknown. Male flowers of V. v. sylvestris show a reduced non-functional pistil while female plants exhibit reflexed stamens with infertile pollen. Hermaphrodite flowers develop functional male and female organs. In this work, the transcriptome of the three flower types were sequenced, assembled and de-novo assembled in order to map specific V. v. sylvestris transcripts, therefore understanding the primary players and mechanisms which contribute to the shift in flower types. This approach allowed for the detection of specific transcripts that might be responsible for the arrest of sexual organs in V. v. sylvestris flower type. Additionally, through transcription levels and RNA location, it seems that the ABCDE model genes are not responsible for the shift from hermaphroditism to dioecism and therefore sex determination mechanism most likely occurs downstream of the onset of flowering genes. The chromosome 2 was also specifically screened since it could contain a putative sex locus responsible for plant flower type determination. This analysis resulted in the development of two marker genes able to early differentiate between flower types, one of those genes specifically expressed only in the male flower carpels. Several crosses between both Vitis subspecies showed that the gene markers can predict the segregation based on flower type. Also, the genomic region where these genetic markers are located seem to be responsible for flower determination. It was possible to observe, that for VviAPRT3 and VviFSEX male plants are heterozygous dominant while female plants are homozygous recessive
N/A

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40

Ribeiro, Juliana Marcolino. "Prospecção de genes de soja expressos sob condições de déficit hídrico." UEL. IAPAR. EMBRAPA. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000164141.

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A soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) é uma cultura economicamente importante, sendo utilizada principalmente na alimentação humana e animal, mas também com um grande potencial para se tornar uma importante fonte de biocombustíveis. Entre os fatores que influenciam a produtividade, a seca é o principal fator limitante e o de mais difícil controle. Neste estudo, foram analisadas duas cultivares de soja contrastantes quanto a tolerância / sensibilidade à seca: BR 16 (sensível) e Embrapa 48 (tolerante). As plantas foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico até o estádio V3, quando o tratamento de déficit hídrico foi imposto, consistindo na exposição das raízes à desidratação. Bibliotecas subtrativas foram construídas e sequenciadas por equipamento Genome Analyzer IIe (Illumina). Análises in silico das sequências obtidas permitiu a identificação de vários genes diferencialmente expressos em raízes das duas cultivares durante o déficit hídrico. A categorização de acordo com os processos biológicos envolvidos revelou as alterações celulares em resposta à seca e as diferenças nos perfis transcricionais entre as cultivares. Além disso, foram encontrados diversos fatores de transcrição, dentre eles, genes da família AP2/EREBP.Análises filogenéticas destes genes revelaram estreita relação com genes DREB de Fabaceae. Ensaios de qPCR confirmaram a expressão de seis candidatos AP2/EREBP em resposta à seca, validando os resultados obtidos nas bibliotecas subtrativas. Curiosamente, em nossas bibliotecas, foram identificados 12 fatores de transcrição ainda não relacionados com a resposta ao déficit hídrico e formulamos hipóteses sobre seu papel neste tipo de estresse.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is an economically important crop, being used mainly in human nutrition and animal feed, but also with a great potential to become an important source of biofuel. Among factors influencing productivity, drought is the major limiting factor and the most difficult to control. In this study, we analyzed two soybean cultivars contrasting in tolerance/sensitivity to drought: BR 16 (sensitive) and Embrapa 48 (tolerant). Plants were grown in a hydroponic system until the V3 stage, when the water deficit treatment was imposed, consisting in root exposure to dehydration.Subtractive libraries were constructed and sequenced by Genome Analyzer IIe (Illumina).In silico analyses of these sequences enabled the identification of several differentially expressed genes in roots of both cultivars during water deficit. The categorization according to biological processes (Gene Ontology) revealed cellular changes in response to drought and the differences in the cultivars transcriptional profiles. In addition, many transcription factor were found, among than, AP2/EREBP family genes. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed close relationship with the Fabaceae DREB genes family. qPCR assays confirmed the up regulation of six putative soybean AP2/EREBP genes in response to drought. These results validate the results obtained in the subtractive libraries. Interestingly, in our libraries, 12 transcription factors not related to drought response were identified and we formulated hypotheses about its role in this type of stress.

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Troyer, Samuel A. "Synergistic Effects in Gene Regualtion by Human SRY and Androgen Receptor." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1321033166.

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42

Agneflo, Gråberg Jessica, and Mathilda wassberg. "Bemötande i förskolan : möten som formar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18079.

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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur pojkar och flickor bemöts av pedagoger på en förskola. Datainsamlingen har gjorts genom observationer av hur bemötandet sker vid olika situationer på tre stora avdelningar. Forskningsansatsen är kvalitativ. Datainsamlingen har även genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med förskollärare. Undersökningen visar på en viss skillnad i hur förskollärarna bemöter barnet olika beroende på vilket kön barnet har. Förskollärarna var ofta inte medvetna om att de gör en skillnad i hur de bemöter barnen. Vidare är de översens om att jämställdhet är ett viktigt perspektiv i det pedagogiska arbetet. De anser att de måste bli medvetna om sina förutfattade meningar och sitt aggerande utifrån dessa. Det är först när man får kunskap och förståelse för genusbegreppet som det går att förändra de stereotypa könsrollerna.

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Liljeberg, Pernilla, and Elise Arnell. "DE SOM ALLTID SÄGER HORA." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1738.

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I centrum för denna studie finns en önskan om att bidra till ett mer jämställt samhälle och en vidgad syn på maskulinitet. Ett flertal forskningsrapporter och utredningar har under de senaste åren pekat på det problematiska sambandet mellan en smal och stereotyp maskulinitet och skolframgång. Studiens utgångspunkt är att genus är något konstruerat. Det är de egenskaper, attribut och förväntningar som knyts till kön utan att det för den skull finns något logiskt samband.

Skolans praktiska genusarbete är föremål för vår studie. Vi frågar oss om det praktiska genusarbetet bidrar till att vidga maskulinitetsbegreppet och därigenom i förlängningen även bidra till ett mer jämställt samhälle. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka vilka meningsskapande beskrivningar, diskurser, om maskulinitet som artikuleras, fixeras och normaliseras i de givna dokumenten. Det empiriska materialet som ligger till grund för studien är ett urval av kommunala jämställdhetsdokument för skolorna i Halmstad kommun. De är alla dokument som på något sätt använts i det praktiska genusarbetet för en mer jämställd skola.

R.W. Connells maskulinitetsteori om de multipla maskulinitetsidentiteterna har utgjort den genusteoretiska basen för vår uppsats då vi, liksom Connell, anser att maskulinitet inte är något enkelspårigt och på förhand givet. Även Marie Norbergs syn på maskulinitet har inspirerat vår studie. Den metod (och teori) som används för vår analys utgår från Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys. Mer specifikt är det hans tredimensionella analysmodell som har anammats och vidareutvecklats för att bättre passa vårt syfte. Metoden har en central roll för denna uppsats.

Vad vi fann i vårt resultat är inte bara att en smal och stereotyp maskulinitet ständigt kopplas till kategorin pojkar i de analyserade dokumenten. Vi fann också att kategorin pojkar återkommande och frekvent återfinns i negativa sammanhang och i negativa berättelser. Vi ser framförallt två problem med det genusarbete som kommit till uttryck i de analyserade dokumenten. Det första är den stereotypa och smala maskulinitet kopplad till kategorin pojkar som artikuleras och som vi befarar, i praktiken, innebär att de politiskt fastslagna jämställdhetsmålen motverkas. Det andra problemet är att dokumenten, genom att de så tydligt uttrycker hur pojkar som kategori är, fokuserar på olikheter mellan könen och därmed bidrar till att förstärka den förmodade klyftan mellan dem.

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44

Svensson, Therése, and Madelen Pettersson. ""Åreandan" : Som Gnosjöandan, bland kvinnor?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202560.

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The female labour is still a rather unexploited resource in many parts of the world. Unleashing women’s potential, giving them the possibility to start their own enterprises would increase the economic growth. Not only does women's entrepreneurship foster greater equality in the world but it also creates a more versatile economy. Sweden is considered to be one of the most equal countries in the world; still, entrepreneurship is an area with sharp gender differences, especially in some industries. The manufacturing industry is highly male-dominated in most parts of Sweden. Yet there is one municipality, the municipality of Åre, in which the female entrepreneurs comprise nearly 50 percent of the manufacturing industry entrepreneurs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze what drives women in the municipality of Åre to become entrepreneurs and to identify the underlying causes for why they choose the manufacturing industry. After having interviewed five women in Åre who owned manufacturing businesses and after collecting general data about Åre, our study indicated that the most important factors for their business start-ups were the entrepreneurial traditions, the social networks and the presence of role-models and mentors. The same factors are said to be the essence of the famous Spirit of Gnosjö, but the Spirit of Gnosjö has shown not to favour women entrepreneurs whilst women entrepreneurs in Åre has shown to benefit from these factors. Furthermore, in Åre the women were driven to become entrepreneurs mainly as a quest for self-realization and independency.

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45

Johansson, Jenny. "Sex och sanning : Diskurser kring kön och sexualitet på ungdomsmottagningar." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1296.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur man talar om sexualitet på ungdomsmottagningar samt hur den diskurs som formas där verkar i förhållande till kön och sexuell läggning. Undersökningens metod är kvalitativ och grundar sig på intervjuer med barnmorskor verksamma vid olika mottagningar.

Ungdomsmottagningarna har sina rötter i preventivmedelsrådgivning och i uppsatsen diskuteras hur de präglas av sin historia som ett forum för heterosexuella tjejer. Barnmorskorna gör ansträngningar för att bryta denna bild och de verkar för att ifrågasätta traditionella uppfattningar om kön och kritiserar heteronormativiteten. I deras utsagor ryms dock motsägelser och samtidigt som de uttrycker en ambition om att förändra sexualitetsnormer så riskerar de att reproducera dem.

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Mokhtari, Arash, and Olle Eriksson. "Design som könsstruktur : samtal om genus, makt och mobiltelefoner." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Technology and Design, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-330.

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47

Laval, S. H. "Molecular analysis of mammalian sex chromosomes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302954.

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48

Young, Elizabeth. "Sex and the Seas: Gene Transfer Agents." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3418.

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Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs) are phage-like pthesiss that are produced by many alpha proteobacteria in late stationary growth phase and are capable of transferring chromosomal genes (termed "constitutive transduction"). Examination of alpha proteobacterial genomic sequences indicated widespread occurrence of GTA-like elements. The goal of this study was to investigate gene transfer potential of GTAs of marine alpha proteobacteria in culture as well as in natural marine environments. Another goal was to determine the potential of bacterial symbionts from zooxanthellae and coral to genetically transfer beneficial properties between symbionts. Ruegeria mobilis (ID 45A6) was isolated from cultures of the coral endosymbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium spp. A goal of the research was to determine if GTAs from this isolate have the capability of transferring genes to environmental recipients and have an impact on settlement of coral larvae. Little is known about coral settlement cues, yet there may be contributions from the extensive symbiotic relationship of coral reef-associated bacteria. Several gene transfer experiments in different environments were performed using transformed isolates of Ruegeria mobilis containing a transposon marker gene. Experiments were also performed using GTAs from the Ruegeria mobilis isolate to observe any impact GTAs have on coral larval settlement, using larvae from the brooding coral, Porites astreoides, and from the reef building coral, Montastraea faveolata. Gene transfer frequencies from statistically significant gene transfer experiments resulted in an average of 2.92 × 10-1 (transfer recipients to total viable population). Coral settlement experiments resulted in a statistically significant increase in larval settlement with the addition of GTAs for 80% of the executed experiments. The entire study has demonstrated that GTA-mediated gene exchange is much higher than any other mode of horizontal gene transfer and it has been established that these genes can be exchanged between bacterial taxa. GTAs can also have an impact on coral larval settlement mechanisms that are not yet completely understood. GTA-mediated beneficial gene exchange may be an important driver in adaptation to an evolving planet.

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White, Neil M. "Sex specific gene expression in Musca domestica." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11556.

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A molecular approach was employed to detect and clone putative sex-determining loci in dipteran species distantly related to Drosophila. Monoclonal antibodies were available for Sex-lethal (the primary sex-determining gene), as were doublesex (the terminal sex-determining gene) cDNA sequences. Western analysis revealed cross-reacting polypeptides (using anti-SXL) in Calliphora erythrocephala (the bluebottle) whole body extracts were not expressed in adult males or females, although expression was observed in unsexed pupae. Attention was therefore focused on isolating doublesex (dsx) homologues, since initial experiments suggested homologous sequences were present in both Calliphora and Musca domestica (the housefly) genomic DNA. However, despite using a variety of different approaches, we have been unable to isolate a dsx homologue from either of these species. Since neither Calliphora nor Musca appeared to be amenable to cross-hybridisation analysis, a strategy was devised to determine if polypeptides functionally equivalent to DSX proteins were present in Musca. Transcription of the Drosophila yolk protein (yp) genes in the fat body is directly regulated by DSX proteins, such that transcription is activated in females and repressed in males. It has been shown in Calliphora that two yp genes in this species are expressed in an analogous manner, suggesting regulatory proteins (possibly DSX) are likely to be conserved. I report here the cloning of three independent Musca domestica yolk protein gene homologous, and their spatial and temporal expression profiles. Comparisons of dipteran yp gene sequence conservation and the regulation of their expression are made. These results, along with those from ongoing experiments directly related to the newly isolated yp genes described here, suggest the process of sex-determination in Drosophila is unlikely to be a conserved developmental program in dipteran evolution.

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Banos, Thomas Anthony MacCarthy. "Evolution of gene networks in sex determination." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445677/.

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In this work, the evolution of sex determination gene networks is inves tigated using a modelling approach. Recent evidence indicates that an in crease in the complexity of interactions has played an important role in gene network evolution. Sex determination mechanisms offer a good model for studying gene network evolution because, among other reasons, they evolve rapidly. In chapter 2, the potential for evolutionary change of the existing Drosophila sex determination gene network is considered. With the aid of a synchronous logical model, theoretical concepts such as a network-specific form of mutation are defined, as well as a notion of functional equivalence between networks. Applying this theoretical framework to the sex deter mination mechanism, it is found that sex determination networks generally exist within large sets of functionally equivalent networks all of which satisfy the sex determination task. These large sets are in turn composed of sub sets which are mutationally related, suggesting a high degree of flexibility is available without compromising the core functionality. The technique for finding functional equivalence between networks suggests a general method for gene network reconstruction, which is explored in chapter 3. Lastly, in chapters 4 and 5, a hierarchical model is presented which integrates popu lation genetics techniques with network dynamics. This model consists of a core population genetics simulation within which parameters such as the sex and fitness of the genotype are calculated from the corresponding network dynamics. The model is used to investigate the early evolution of sex deter mination networks. Following from a hypothesis proposed by Wilkins (1995), the assumption is made that sex determination networks have evolved in a retrograde manner from bottom to top. Starting from the simplest possible ancestral system, based on a single locus, we explore the way in which more complex systems, involving two or three loci, could have evolved.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sox genes'

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