Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe"

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Hobbs, Houston A., Theresa K. Herman, Tara L. Slaminko, Yi Wang, Binh T. Nguyen, Nancy K. McCoppin, Leslie L. Domier, and Glen L. Hartman. "Occurrences of Soybean Viruses, Fungal Diseases, and Pests in Illinois Soybean Rust Sentinel Plots." Plant Health Progress 11, no. 1 (January 2010): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0827-01-br.

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After soybean rust was confirmed in soybean in the USA, sentinel plots were established in 26 states to monitor its spread. Funding for establishing, sampling, and monitoring the plots came from the USDA, national, regional, and state soybean commodity boards, and state departments of agriculture, extension services, and universities. The presence of sentinel plots for soybean rust monitoring provided the potential for reducing the time and expense of extensive statewide travel for collection of soybean leaf samples for monitoring the incidence of other foliar diseases of soybean in Illinois. Accepted for publication 27 July 2010. Published 27 August 2010.
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Krut, M. "Innovations on scientific support of grain crop breeding for resistance to diseases and pests." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 66 (December 24, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2020.66.137-145.

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Goal. Database formation of innovations in the scientific provision of breeding crops for resistance to pathogens and pests — grounds for creating sustainable varieties. Methods. Analysis of innovative development of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and other institutions of the Scientific and Methodological Center «Protection of Plants» for 2001—2020. Isolation of those relating to the problem of grain crops’ resistance to pests and pathogens. Results. Methods of selection of wheat and barley for resistance to basic pathogens of diseases and methodology for assessing the stability of winter wheat stability to pests to create complex resistant varieties are developed. A database for the resistance of corn hybrids against main pests was created. Methods of determining the stability of grain crops to high and low temperatures are developed. A collection of samples of wild relative of wheat Aegilops biuncialis L. that are sources of new genes for plant resistance to diseases and pests was created. Genes of resistance of soft winter wheat to diseases by DNA markers have been identified. A set of varieties of winter wheat with group and complex resistance to diseases and pests has been formed. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean resistance to pathogens of diseases are established. Collection of soybean lines is created on the basis of complex resistance to white rot and anthracnosis. The varieties and selection numbers of spring barley, oats, resistant to basic diseases, as well as rice varieties that are resistant to pathogens of diseases and pests were identified. Resistance to viral diseases has been found in barley plants. Conclusions. The established innovations can be widely used by breeding centers and other scientific institutions of the agrarian profile when of output sustainable grain and leguminous grain crops. In this case, the timing of the selection process can be accelerated by 40—60%.
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Prayogo, Y., MSYI Bayu, GWA Susanto, and SW Indiati. "Impact of biopesticide inundation on the diversity of soybean pests and diseases." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 743, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/743/1/012003.

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Katsaruware-Chapoto, Rumbidzai Debra, Paramu L. Mafongoya, and Augustine Gubba. "Farmer Knowledge of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Management of Vegetable Insect Pests in Zimbabwe." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 12 (November 15, 2017): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n12p194.

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Farmer knowledge of insect pests’ risks in a changing climate is important in managing insect pests’ incidence. A total of 250 vegetable farmers from 5 wards in Zimbabwe were sampled using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge on climate change risk, its impact on vegetable insects pests and management strategies to reduce the increased incidence of insect pests. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations were also used. Droughts and elevated temperatures were perceived to have the greatest impact on vegetable insect pests resulting in their increased incidence. Aphids, cutworms and whiteflies were identified among the major pests that have increased. The majority (53%) of the farmers cited high vegetable losses from insect pests attack. All the respondents (100%) revealed the use of chemical insecticides during production of vegetables. A higher proportion (60%) perceived effective control, 34% perceived reduced efficacy and 6% were not sure of effectiveness of chemical insecticides. Management strategies to cope with the increasing insect pests and diseases on vegetable production also included planting insect resistant cultivars, certified seeds, increased frequency of application of synthetic insecticides, insecticide mixtures, use of more hazardous chemical insecticides and increasing the rates of application resulting in insecticide overuse. There is need for government to facilitate development and adoption of Integrated Insect Pest Management (IIPM) and raise awareness on avoiding overdependence on chemical insecticides. Modelling tools that support adaptation planning needs to be developed to forecast climate change risk and the resultant incidence of insect pests.
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Nkomo, Gabriel Vusanimuzi, MM Sedibe, and MA Mofokeng'. "Farmers’ production constraints, perceptions and preferences of cowpeas in Buhera district, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 20, no. 06 (October 31, 2020): 16832–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.94.19795.

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Many smallholder farmers face crop production constraints, especially under rapidly changing climatic conditions. A survey was carried out to assess farmers’ production constraints, traits, and preferred cowpea varieties. A semi-structured questionnaire was used in a survey of Buhera District, Zimbabwe, in March and April of 2018. Women farmers dominated the survey as they were 52% of the surveyed population, while men occupied 48% of the total population. Eighty-three percent of farmers cited the shortage, unavailability, and cost of fertiliser. Sixteen per cent of farmers acknowledged that they do not have access to quality seeds, and 1% cited labour as the major constraint in cowpea production. Cowpea yield varied from 100 to 500 kg/ha. However, 48% of farmers harvested 200 kg/ha.As for abiotic factors, farmers ranked heat (86%), drought (10%), and soil fertility (4%) as the most important abiotic factors.Ninety-one percent of farmers ranked rust as the most destructive disease, while 2% ranked storage rot, 1% ranked anthracnose, and 1% ranked downy mildew. Eighty-one percent of farmers cited aphids as the main pests, while 3% ranked thrips, 3% ranked legume borers, and 2% ranked pod borers as other pests.Fifty-two percent of farmers preferred varieties that are resistant to diseases such as rust, whereas 48% were not concerned about diseases.As for qualitative traits, 50% of farmers had no specific colour preference, 32% preferred white colour, 14% preferred brown colour, 3% preferred red colour, and 1% preferred tan colour. For quantitative traits, such as grain size, pod size, plant height, and head size, the preferences of farmers varied. Ninety-nine percent of the farmers interviewed preferred cowpea varieties that are bred for drought tolerance, as Buhera District is frequented by intermittent droughts. Farmers’ experience in growing cowpeas ranged from 5 to 30 years. The top ranked accessions were CBC1, IT 18, and Chibundi Chitsvuku,while the least ranked was Kangorongondo. Identified constraints to cowpea farming included lack of education,insect pests, diseases, drought, weeds, harvesting difficulties and a lack of agriculture extension advice. The survey showed that there is a need to breed for biotic factors such as pests and diseases and abiotic factors such as drought and moisture stress.
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CAMARGO, LENIO CESAR MORAES DE, DANILO DE BRITO GARCIA, OTÁVIO JORGE GRÍGOLI ABI SAAB, AMARILDO PASINI, DANILO AUGUSTO SARTI, and CARLOS TADEU DOS SANTOS DIAS. "INSECTICIDE APPLICATION SPEED IN THE CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS IN SOYBEAN1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n108rc.

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ABSTRACT During the chemical control of pests, diseases and weeds, great importance is given to the phytosanitary product and little attention to the application technology. The control of soybean pests did not escape the general rule and, therefore, some pests known as secondary, and even nonexistent, became responsible for great damage to the soybean crop. The objective of this work was to test the application of insecticide at different speeds (5 and 16 km h-1) by varying the rates of application in 108 to 110 and 199 to 216 L ha-1 to quantify the difference in the coverage percentage of the applied insecticide in the canopy of soybean plants, and to verify the interaction of these factors with efficacy parameters for the control of caterpillars (Helicoverpa armigera and Chrysodeixis includens). In general, the highest leaf coverage by the insecticide was observed in the upper part of the canopy, regardless of the rate and speed of application, resulting in lower leaf damage. For the middle and lower thirds of the plant, the decrease in speed influenced more the decrease in leaf damage by the caterpillars than the increase in the spray volume.
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Engelbrecht, Gerhard, Sarina Claassens, Charlotte M. S. Mienie, and Hendrika Fourie. "South Africa: An Important Soybean Producer in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Quest for Managing Nematode Pests of the Crop." Agriculture 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10060242.

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With an increase in the global population, a protein-rich crop like soybean can help manage food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The expansion of soybean production in recent years lead to increased land requirements for growing the crop and the increased risk of exposing this valuable crop to various pests and diseases. Of these pests, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN), especially Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus spp., are of great concern. The increase in the population densities of these nematodes can cause significant damage to soybean. Furthermore, the use of crop rotation and cultivars (cvs.) with genetic resistance traits might not be effective for Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus control. This review builds on a previous study and focuses on the current nematode threat facing local soybean production, while probing into possible biological control options that still need to be studied in more detail. As soybean is produced on a global scale, the information generated by local and international researchers is needed. This will address the problem of the current global food demand, which is a matter of pressing importance for developing countries, such as those in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Zadorozhnyi, V. S., V. V. Karasevych, S. M. Svytko, A. V. Labunets, and A. V. Kniaziuk. "Effectiveness of bio-agents in soybean." Feeds and Feed Production, no. 87 (June 7, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/kormovyrobnytstvo201987-11.

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As a result of the scientific research (2016—2018), it was established that in the conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is appropriate to treat seeds with the agents Microhumin (200 mg per hectare seeding rate) + Biophosphorin (1.5 l/t) and spray crops with Gaupsin (4.0 l/ha) in the budding phase or treat seeds with Rhizobophite (2.0 l per hectare seeding rate) + Phytodoctor (1.0 l/t) and spray crops with Triсhodermine (2.0 l/ha), which ensures the rate of preserved soybean yield by 13—14 %, to improve mineral nutrition of soybean plants with nitrogen and phosphorus on gray forest soils and complex biological control of crops against major diseases, e.g. Peronospora manshurica Sydow., Septoria glycines T. Hemmi, Ascochyta sojaecola Abramov., and pests, e.g. Etiella zinckenella Tr., Adelphocoris linearolatus Goeze.
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Whalen, Joann K., Shiv O. Prasher, and Hicham Benslim. "Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06023.

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The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf,grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monitoring (2000–2004) revealed a trend of greater silage corn and soybean yields in CT than NT plots. The reduction in crop yield after establishing NT practices at this site was probably due to rooting constraints from inadequate seedbed preparation in the NT system, rather than from weed competition, insect damage or crop diseases. Key words: Arthropods, crop disease, silage corn, soybean, tillage, weed control
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Krut’, M. V. "An overview of innovative developments from the scientific provision of plant selection to resistance to diseases and pests." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 1 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0154.

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The Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS developed methods of plant selection for resistance to major pathogens and assessment methodology the resistance of winter wheat, potatoes, clover and alfalfa to pests to create complex resistant varieties. Donors of potato resistance to cancer, Alternaria, Phomosis and cyst-forming nematodes were identified. Methods for determining the resistance of cereals to high and low temperatures were developed. A collection of the Aegilops biuncialis L. wild wheat samples as sources of new resistance genes to plant diseases and pests was compiled. The soft winter wheat resistance genes to diseases by DNA markers were identified at the Institute of Plant Production named after V. Ya. Yuriev. The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat formed a set of winter wheat cultivars with group and complex resistance to diseases and pests. The Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS established physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance of sunflower, soybean, crown flax to pathogens. Collections of sunflower lines based on complex resistance to sunflower broomrape, dry rot, downy mildew and soybean lines based on complex resistance to white rot and Anthracnose were also created. In the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS", the fodder lupine resistance to the most important pathogens was investi-gated. The Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS revealed the spring barley, oat, rape, fiber flax varieties and selection numbers resistant to basic diseases; and the Institute of Rice of NAAS – rice cultivars resistant to diseases and pest pathogens. The resistance to main phytophagous insects of the modern genotypes of hemp, fiber flax and crown flax was assessed by the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of NAAS. The assessment method of breeding value for the initial material of the main vegetables on the basis of disease resistance was developed by the Institute of Vegetables and Melons Growing of NAAS. Scientists of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS and V. M. RemesloMyronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS revealed the cucumber and barley resistance to viral diseases. Key words: crops, pests, pathogens, resistance, resistance gene, resistance source.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe"

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Lapointe, Renée. "Development of economic thresholds for semiloopers (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) on four soybean cultivars in Zimbabwe." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56891.

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Soybean leaf consumption for the most common semilooper species, Trichoplusia orichalcea (F.) was established in the laboratory using a leaf area meter. The total consumption per larva was 120,85 cm$ sp2$. The yield reduction of our soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) being Duiker, Gazelle, Roan and SCS1 was measured in relation to different levels of defoliation. The defoliation was induced manually singly or sequentially over three different growth stages.
At soybean maturity, counts of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight per 100 seeds and weight of seeds per plant were obtained. Yields were converted to a percentage of yield and linear regressions fitted to the relationship between percentage yield and defoliation. The percentage yield was influenced by the cultivars, the levels of defoliation, and the timing of defoliation.
The most critical growth stage for defoliation was the seed development stage, but the differences between them were small and not significant. SCS1 was the most resistant cultivar to defoliation, while Duiker was the most susceptible to single defoliation.
The economic thresholds were determined for the soybean cultivars demonstrating significant linear relations between percentage yield and single defoliation. Based on three insecticides and two application methods, the economic thresholds were determined at the flowering stage for Duiker, at the pod development stage for Duiker and Roan and at the seed development stage for Duiker, Gazelle, Roan, and SCS1 cultivars. The numbers of semilooper caterpillars per metre of row required to reach the economic thresholds, are generally higher than the natural levels of infestation.
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Lee, Yi-Chen. "EVALUATION OF SOYBEAN DISEASES AND PESTS USING TWO ADVANCED BREEDING POPULATIONS." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1927.

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Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is one of the most important crops in the world. The average annual yield losses due to soybean diseases and pests are estimated to be around 11% in the United States. Soybean yield losses due to sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by the fungus Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki have been problematic in majority of the soybean producing states. In recent years, reniform nematode (RN, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira) and frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina K. Hara have emerged as a major problem in the southern soybean producing states. Planting resistant cultivars is one of the most cost-efficient methods in managing SDS, RN, and FLS, therefore it would be critical to identify and map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie their resistances. Two soybean populations were evaluated in this study. The ‘Essex’ × ‘Forrest’ 77 near-isogenic lines were screened in the field to evaluate the disease index of SDS. The Essex × Forrest and ‘Flyer’ × ‘Hartwig’ recombinant inbred lines were screened in the greenhouse to assess the reproduction index of RN and the disease severity of FLS. The BARCSoySNP6k chip was used to genotype the two populations. Four QTL that underlie SDS resistances were mapped in the same region as Rfv06-01, Rfv06-02, Rfv13-01, and Rfv19-01. The Rfv06-02 interval in this study was smaller than the one previously reported. Rrr08-01, Rrr13-01, Rrr15-01, Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 were reported to confer resistances to RN. Rrr08-01, Rrr13-01 and Rrr15-01 were novel whereas Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 were mapped in previous studies. cqSCN-001 (soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) was identified in the same region as Rrr18-01, and Rrr18-02 whereas cqSCN-006 was identified in the same region as Rrr15-01. These findings provide further evidence that there are common sources of genetic resistances to RN and SCN. Rcs15-01 and Rcs15-02 were reported to confer resistances to FLS. Rcs15-01 was novel and Rcs15-02 was mapped at the same region as an Rcs mapped in a previous study. This indicated that Rcs15-02 has dual resistances to C. sojina races. Candidate genes were inferred in this study. The QTL mapped in this study could potentially be used in soybean breeding programs that aim to introgress genetic resources that confer resistances to SDS, RN, and FLS.
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Matthewman, Linda A. "Ehrlichiosis : the disease in dogs and cats in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558976.

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Poromarto, Susilo Hambeg. "Studies on the Biology of Soybean Cyst Nematode." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26490.

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Soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a threat to soybean production in North Dakota. Studies on the biology of SCN were conducted to improve my understanding and management of this plant parasitic nematode. The objectives of the research were to; (1) determine if SCN reproduces on crops commercially grown or being tested for production in North Dakota, (2) evaluate the effects of SCN on growth of dry bean, (3) determine if there could be a shift in the SCN population toward greater ability to reproduce on dry bean, and (4) characterize the spatial distribution of SCN in research size field experiments. Canola, clover, lentil, and sunflower were nonhosts while borage, camelina, chickpea, crambe, cuphea, field pea, nyjer, and safflower were poor hosts for SCN with female indices (FI) less than 8. Lupines were susceptible hosts with FI?s of 42 to 57. FI?s of dry bean cultivars varied from 5 to 117. Kidney beans averaged the highest FI at 110 followed by navy, pinto and black at FI?s 41, 39, and 16, respectively. Pod number (PN), pod weight (PW), seed number (SN), and seed weight (SW) of GTS-900 (pinto bean) were significantly less at 5,000 and 10,000 eggs/100 cm3 soil compared with the control by 44 to 56% averaged over the two years. Significant reduction in growth of Montcalm (kidney bean) and Mayflower (navy bean) was observed at 2,500 and 5,000 eggs/100 cm3 soils in 2009, but not in 2008. There was no evidence that SCN was increasing reproduction during two 11 month periods of continual reproduction on roots of dry bean cultivars Premiere and Cirrus (navy), Buster and Othello (pinto), and Eclipse and Jaguar (black). The spatial distribution of SCN in field plots was aggregated in nine of ten field sites with large differences in egg numbers between plots. Lloyd?s index of patchiness ranged from 1.09 to 3.34. Spatial distribution of SCN can be an important factor affecting the results of field experiments.
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Chen, Pengyin. "Genetics of reactions to soybean mosaic virus in soybean." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54781.

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The genetic interactions among 9 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and 6 strains of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) were investigated. The objectives were to identify genes and/or alleles conditioning resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV and to determine the genetic relationships among resistance genes from cultivars exhibiting differential responses to the SMV strains. Seven SMV-resistant (R) cultivars (‘PI 486355’, ‘Suweon 97’, ‘PI 96983’, ‘Ogden’, ‘York’, ‘Marshall’, and ‘Kwanggyo’) were crossed in all combinations among each other and with susceptible (S) cultivars ‘Essex’ and ‘Lee 68’. F₂ populations and F₂-derived F₃ lines were inoculated in field with the SMV type strain Gl and in the greenhouse with the virulent strains G4, G5, G6, G7, and G7A. All F₂ populations from R x S and necrotic (N) x S crosses having PI 96983, Ogden, York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo as either resistant or necrotic parents segregated 3R:1S and 3N:1S, respectively. F₂-derived F₃ progenies from R x S crosses exhibited an F₂ genotypic ratio of 1 homogeneous R : 2 segregating (3R:1S) : l homogeneous S. The results indicate that each of these five resistant parents has a single, dominant or partially dominant gene conditioning the resistant and necrotic reactions to SMV. No segregation for SMV reaction was evident in F₂ and F₃ generations from R x R, N x N, and S x S crosses among the five differential cultivars, indicating that the resistance genes in the five cultivars are alleles at a common locus. The alleles in PI 96983 and Ogden were previously labeled Rsy and rsyt, respectively. Gene symbols, Rsyy, Rsym, and Rsyk are proposed for the resistance genes in York, Marshall, and Kwanggyo, respectively. It is also proposed that the gene symbol rsyt be changed to Rsyt to more accurately reflect its genetic relationship to the susceptible allele. The R x S crosses with PI 486355 and Suweon 97 as resistant parents segregated 15R:1S in the F₂ and 7 (all R) : 4 (3R:1S) : 4 (15R:1S) : 1 (all S) in the F₃, indicating that each has two independent genes for resistance to SMV. The F₂ plants of PI 486355 x Suweon 97 showed no segregation for SMV reaction, suggesting that they have at least one gene in common. The crosses among all 7 resistant parents produced no susceptible segregates when inoculated with strain G1. It is concluded that the 7 resistant cultivars each have a gene or allele at the Rsy locus. Data from the experiments furnished conclusive evidence that the necrotic reaction in segregating populations is highly associated with plants that are heterozygous for the resistance gene.
Ph. D.
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Guimarães, Sabrina Santos. "Potencial de preparados de cavalinha (Equisetum sp.) na síntese de metabólitos de defesa em cotilédones de soja (Glycine max L.) e o efeito sobre o crescimento de Rhizoctonia solani, in vitro." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/280.

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O controle de doenças em plantas geralmente é realizado com o uso de agroquímicos, que podem desencadear efeitos maléficos ao ser humano ou ao ambiente como um todo. Diversos trabalhos mostram o potencial de plantas medicinais no controle de fitopatógenos, tanto por sua ação fungitóxica direta, inibindo o crescimento micelial e a germinação de esporos, quanto pela capacidade de ativar o metabolismo de defesa das plantas, como o acúmulo de fitoalexinas, indicando a presença de moléculas com características elicitoras. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus de Dois Vizinhos, com objetivos de avaliar o pontencial de preparados de Cavalinha (Equisetum sp.) na síntese de metabólitos de defesa em cotilédones de soja (Glycine max L.) e o efeito sobre o crescimento de Rhizoctonia solani, in vitro. O delineamento experimental utilizado para os experimentos foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x5 resultante da combinação de três formas de extração (extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração) e cinco concentrações (zero; 1; 10, 20 e 40%), com 4 repetições. No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de soja em resposta aos derivados a base de cavalinha. Sementes de soja foram semeadas em areia autoclavada e mantidas em temperatura ambiente por 10 dias. Em seguida os cotilédones das plântulas foram removidos e na face abaxial destes foram aplicados os tratamentos. Após seguir os procedimentos metodológicos da técnica de extração, obteve-se via espectofotometria a quantificação da fitoalexina gliceolina, sendo então utilizados os cotilédones para quantificação da atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL) e o teor de fenóis totais. No segundo experimento foi avaliado o potencial fungistático dos preparados sobre Rhizoctonia solani. Em placas de Petri foram adicionados no meio de cultura BDA os preparados nas diferentes concentrações. Após a solidificação foi transferido para o centro de cada placa, um disco de micélio com Rhizoctonia solani. As placas foram incubadas sob alternância de fotoperíodo de 12 horas, em temperatura de 25oC. Os preparados de extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração de cavalinha apresentam capacidade de indução das fitoalexinas gliceolinas em cotilédones de soja, bem como, ativam o metabolismo de compostos fenólicos. Entre os preparados, o extrato alcoólico e a maceração, se sobressaem sobre a infusão. Os preparados de extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração de cavalinha em todas as suas concentrações inibem o crescimento do fungo Rhizoctonia solani, in vitro, sendo que o extrato alcoólico apresenta maior capacidade de supressão do crescimento micelial em comparação as demais formas de obtenção dos preparados.
Usually, the plant diseases control is accomplished with the use of chemicals products that can trigger harmful effects for the people or the environment. Several studies showed the potential of medicinal plants in the control of pathogens, either by their direct fungitoxic action, inhibiting the mycelial growth and spore germination, and by ability to activate the metabolism of plant defense, such as phytoalexin accumulation, indicating the presence of molecules with characteristics elicitoras. Two experiments were carried out in the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. The aims of these works were to evaluate the potential of "cavalinha" (Equisetum sp.) prepared in the defense metabolites synthesis of soybean cotyledons (Glycine max L.) and the effect on Rhizoctonia solani growth in vitro. The experimental design used for the experiments was completely randomized in factorial 3 x 5 (extract form x concentration), with four replications. The extract forms were alcoholic extract, infusion and maceration and the concentrations tested were zero, 1, 10, 20 and 40%. In the first experiment, the phytoalexins induction in the soybean cotyledons the according with "cavalinha" prepared was evaluated. Soybean seeds were sown in autoclaved sand and kept at room temperature for 10 days. After, the plantlets cotyledons were removed and on the surface of these the treatments were applied. Then, it followed the methodological procedures of extraction technique and it was obtained via spectrophotometry the phytoalexin glyceollin quantification. The cotyledons were then used to quantify of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and total phenols contend. In the second experiment was evaluated the potential fungistatic preparations on Rhizoctonia solani. The prepared with different concentrations was added in Petri dishes with PDA culture medium. After solidification was transferred to the center of each plate, a disc with Rhizoctonia solani mycelia. The plates were incubated alternating the photoperiod in 12 hour, at 25 °C temperature. The alcoholic extract, infusion and maceration "cavalinha" prepared present glyceolin induction of phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons, as well as it to activate the metabolism phenolic compounds. Among the prepared, the alcoholic extract and maceration forms were superior in relation the infusion form. The alcoholic extract, infusion and maceration "cavalinha" prepared using all over the concentrations inhibit Rhizoctonia solani growth in vitro. The alcoholic extract had a higher capacity to suppress mycelial growth compared to other forms of production preparations.
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Donahue, Daniel Joseph. "Oviposition and dispersal responses of the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) to fenvalerate and permethrin residues in soybeans Glycine max (L) Merrill." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50077.

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate Tetranychus urticae Koch dispersal response to fenvalerate and permethrin. A petri dish spider mite trap which allows the partitioning of the dispersal response into spindown and walkoff categories was developed. Fenvalerate induced the more severe dispersal response. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate Tetranychus urticae oviposition site selection in response to residues of fenvalerate and permethrin, at two levels of residue deposition. When pyrethroid-free leaf surface was available, nearly all eggs were found on the untreated surface, away from the pyrethroid residues. When pyrethroid-free leaf surface was not available, a substantial number of eggs were found suspended by silk threads above the treated surface. The results were found to be in agreement with the general pyrethroid avoidance hypothesis. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate Tetranychus urticae oviposition response following impingement, and contact with residues of fenvalerate and permethrin. In all instances the pyrethroids were found to reduce the number of eggs oviposited. Mites recovered after several days, and oviposition returned to normal. The results did not lend support to the hormoligosis hypothesis of insecticide induced mite outbreaks. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate Tetranychus urticae oviposition response, over time, to soybeans which have received an application of fenvalerate of permethrin. The pyrethroids did not alter the soybeans in a way which improved the quality of the plant as a resource for increased levels of spider mite oviposition.
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8

Pichardo, Sergio T. "OCCURRENCE OF DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS IN SELECT SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) AND SORGHUM(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) ROTATIONS IN MISSISSIPPI." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-09242007-142233/.

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Field and greenhouse studies were conducted during 2004 through 2006 at the Rodney R. Foil Plant Science Research Center, Starkville, MS. Six sorghum and soybean rotation treatments were tested to determine their effect on plant pathogen, insect, and nematode diversity and density levels. Treatments included 1) continuous sorghum, 2) continuous soybean, 3) sorghum-soybean-sorghum rotation, 4) soybean-sorghum-soybean rotation, 5) sorghum-soybean-soybean rotation, and 6) soybean-sorghum-sorghum rotation. Several nematode and insect species were identified during the study, but were always below economic thresholds. Six insect species were identified on soybean during each growing season and used as the indicator species for this study. The most prevalent were threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus (Say) and bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata (Forester). Sorghum webworm (Nola sorghiella Riley) and corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were the most common insects on sorghum panicles. Rotations did not affect the diversity or density levels of the indicator soybean or sorghum insects during the three year study. Plant disease levels during the investigation showed variable results. Three foliar fungal pathogens including Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis, Septoria glycines Hemmi, and Cercospora sojina Hara on soybean, and Gloeocercospora sorghi D. Brain & Edgerton ex Deighton on sorghum were observed. The only virus disease on soybean was bean pod mottle, but levels were not affected by the rotations during the study. Zonate spot caused by G. sorghi was the most prevalent foliar sorghum disease, but was not affected by the rotations. Six frequently isolated fungal pathogens from either soybean or sorghum roots included Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) G. Goidanich, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, D. phaseolorum, Aspergillus spp., Trichoderma spp and Fusarium spp. Aflatoxin contamination of sorghum seed was low (<20 ppb) the first two years of the study, but was high (790 ppb) in 2006. Significantly greater soybean and sorghum yields were obtained from rotated systems compared to monoculture systems in 2005. In a greenhouse test, M. phaseolina infection of soybean led to significantly greater root disease ratings, lower plant height and dry weight than the untreated control. Sorghum plant growth was not affected by M. phaseolina and R. solani.
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Pichardo, Sergio Tomás. "Occurrence of diseases and insect pests in select soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) rotations in Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-09242007-142233.

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Jeannotte, Richard. "Fatty acid biomarker analysis to characterize soil microbial communities in soybean agroecosystems with Sclerotinia stem rot disease." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102988.

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one the major crops produced worldwide. However, soybean is susceptible to many diseases. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is considered one of the most important fungal diseases of soybean. It can be controlled by chemicals (e.g. fungicides), by breeding cultivars with disease resistance and by cultural control (e.g. increasing the width between rows, reducing plant populations). A promising and complementary method of controlling SSR disease in the field is the application of biological control agents. Biological control agents introduced in a soil environment will interact with other soil food web organisms, as do the pathogenic organism and infected plants, which may change the genetic and functional diversity in soil microbial communities. Profiling these changes may lead to an improved understanding of the interactions between these players (biological control agents, pathogens, soil biota and plants) in the biological control phenomenom, permiting us to exploit naturally-occurring ecological relationships and develop more sustainable approaches to control soybean diseases. Fatty acid biomarkers analysis was used to profile microbial communities in soils. Two laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the methods used for extraction and profiling the fatty acid biomarkers from soil samples with a range of soil properties (clay content, organic matter content), The first study investigated the best solvent mixture for recovering fatty acid biomarkers from soil using an automated pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) system. Solvent mixtures containing chloroform and methanol were more efficient at extracting fatty acids from agricultural soils than hexane:2-propanol and acetone. The second study presented an exploratory pyrolysis-mass spectrometry technique to rapidly fingerprint soil lipids extracted from different agroecosystems. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry discriminated among soils and crop production systems in the same way as the fatty acid profiling. I also report on the efficicacy of biological control agents to control Sclerotinia stem rot disease in soybean. A two-year study was conducted in soybean fields under conventional or no tillage to determine whether Trichoderma virens (SoilGard(TM)) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (a mixture of Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae ), used alone or in combination, could reduce sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) disease incidence. Generally, SSR disease indicators, as well as the soybean yield, were not affected significantly by the biological control treatments. I then studied whether changes in microbial community composition were related to the inoculation of the biological control agents and the disease incidence in soybean fields. Inoculation of biological control agents changes the expression of many soil fatty acids during both years of the trial. Also, in the plots with severely diseased plants, fatty acids biomarkers of gram positive and actinomycetes bacteria were significantly greater than in plots with healthy plants. I conclude that further improvement in laboratory techniques and procedures will permit researchers to efficiently extract and characterize soil lipids, providing new insight into soil organic matter dynamics and soil microbial ecology. Further study will be needed to verify the efficacy and optimize the application method, dose and timing of biocontrol agents to provide protection against SSR disease in soybean fields.
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Books on the topic "Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe"

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Conference, on Pest Management in Soybean (1992 London England). Pest management in soybean. London: Published for SCI by Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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Kundu, G. G. Soybean pests in India and their management. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow's Printers & Publishers, 1992.

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B, Sinclair J. Guidelines for the integrated management of soybean pests. Urbana, Ill: National Soybean Research Laboratory, 1997.

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McGee, Denis C. Soybean diseases: A reference source for seed technologists. St. Paul, Minn: APS Press, 1992.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Rural Development, and Research. The economic impact of Asian soybean rust on the U.S. farm sector: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Rural Development, and Research and the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, April 27, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Bebee, Charles N. The protection of soybeans, December 1984-February 1989: Citations from AGRICOLA concerning diseases and other environmental considerations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.

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Panamerican Soybean Rust Workshop (2nd 2005 Buenos Aires, Argentina). Roya asiática de la soja en América: El libro. Tucumán, Argentina: Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres", 2006.

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Roberts, Michael J. The Value of plant disease early-warning systems: A case study of USDA's soybean rust coordinated framework. Washington, D.C: USDA Economic Research Service, 2006.

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Carnielli, Antonio. Nematóides em soja: Resumos informativos. Brasilia, DF: Departamento de Informação e Documentação-DID, 1989.

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Carris, Lori Marie. Fungi colonizing cysts of Heterodera glycines. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe"

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"PART II: Arthropod Pests." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 136–52. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.003.

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"PART I: Infectious Diseases." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 17–135. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.002.

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Rupe, John, and Randall G. Luttrell. "Effect of Pests and Diseases on Soybean Quality." In Soybeans, 93–116. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-893997-64-6.50007-x.

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"PART IV: Soybean Disease and Pest Management Strategies." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 167–73. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.005.

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"Introduction." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 1–16. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.001.

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"PART III: Noninfectious and Stress Disorders." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 153–66. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.004.

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"Back Matter." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, 174–201. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.bm.

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"Front Matter." In Compendium of Soybean Diseases and Pests, Fifth Edition, edited by G. L. Hartman, J. C. Rupe, E. J. Sikora, L. L. Domier, J. A. Davis, and K. L. Steffey, i—viii. The American Phytopathological Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/9780890544754.fm.

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Alcántara-de la Cruz, Ricardo, Guilherme Moraes de Oliveira, Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho, and Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da Silva. "Herbicide Resistance in Brazil: Status, Impacts, and Future Challenges." In Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91236.

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Brazil is a large producer and exporter of crops in global terms. Weeds may be responsible for ~14% of crop losses, depending on the crop system. Herbicides occupy 58% of the Brazilian pesticide market; however, the continuous use of these products and the high selection pressure have led to the emergence of weeds resistant to herbicides. Today, there are 51 weed species reported as being resistant to herbicides in Brazil, of which 17 involves cross and multiple-resistance. Acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and 5-enolpiruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPs) inhibitors are the herbicidal groups with the most resistance cases. Soybean, corn, rice, wheat and cotton present 30, 12, 10, 9 and 8 cases, respectively, occurring mainly in herbicide-resistant crop fields from the Southern and Central West regions of the country. To better understand the dimensions of herbicide resistance, in this chapter, we will explore the size of agricultural activity in Brazil, the pesticide market and the use of herbicides in the main crops. In addition, the agronomic, scientific-technical and economic aspects that have contributed, directly or indirectly, to the selection of resistant weeds will be discussed in order to have an overview of the economic impact of herbicide resistance management.
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Biliavska, Liudmyla, and Yurii Biliavskyi. "BREEDING OF DROUGHT-RESISTANT SOYBEAN VARIETIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-25.

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Thus, the primary task of breeding is to create varieties that combine high yield with drought resistance. It is important to have a sufficiently high level of adaptability of the variety to the conditions of the growing region, where the variety remains the main reserve for resource conservation and intensification of agricultural production in Ukraine. Generally accepted methods are used, namely scientific, special, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. In conditions of insufficient moisture, the use of early maturing and very early maturing varieties is relevant. Indicators of soybean yield in all oblasts of Ukraine are provided. According to the results of the analysis of 17-year meteorological observations, it was found that the climatic characteristics of Poltava oblast became more arid. The dynamics of indicators of the soybean gross yield in Poltava oblast (2002–2018) is analyzed against the background of the amount of precipitation during the growing season (4–8 months). In the research laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Varietal Soybean Agrotechnics of Poltava State Agrarian University, it was created Almaz, Antratsyt, Adamos, Aleksandryt, Akvamaryn, Avantiuryn soybean varieties, which were listed the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Spreading in Ukraine. Indicators of agricultural suitability of these varieties and their advantages are presented. Varieties of Poltava breeding are distinguished by drought resistance, resistance to diseases and pests, non-lodging, when the seeds mature, the beans do not crack. These varieties are guaranteed predecessors for winter crops in the Steppe and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
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Conference papers on the topic "Soybean – Diseases and pests – Zimbabwe"

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Faria, Carolinne Roque e., and Cinthyan Renata Sachs C. de Barbosa. "System for identifying pests and diseases in soybean crop through natural language." In IHC '20: XIX Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3424953.3426540.

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Xin, Mingyuan, and Yong Wang. "An Image Recognition Algorithm of Soybean Diseases and Insect Pests Based on Migration Learning and Deep Convolution Network." In 2020 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc48107.2020.9148331.

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Roque e Faria, Carolinne, and Cinthyan Renata Sachs Camerlengo de Barb. "Identificação de Pragas e Doenças na Cultura da Soja por meio de um Sistema Computacional em Linguagem Natural." In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p324-331.

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Technology is becoming expressively popular among agribusiness producers and is progressing in all agricultural area. One of the difficulties in this context is to handle data in natural language to solve problems in the field of agriculture. In order to build up dialogs and provide rich researchers, the present work uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to develop an automatic and effective computer system to interact with the user and assist in the identification of pests and diseases in the soybean farming, stored in a database repository to provide accurate diagnoses to simplify the work of the agricultural professional and also for those who deal with a lot of information in this area. Information on 108 pests and 19 diseases that damage Brazilian soybean was collected from Brazilian bibliographic manuals with the purpose to optimize the data and improve production, using the spaCy library for syntactic analysis of NLP, which allowed the pre-process the texts, recognize the named entities, calculate the similarity between the words, verify dependency parsing and also provided the support for the development requirements of the CAROLINA tool (Robotized Agronomic Conversation in Natural Language) using the language belonging to the agricultural area.
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Belete, Nícolas Alessandro de Souza, Everton Castelão Tetila, Gilberto Astolfi, and Hemerson Pistori. "Classification of weed in soybean crops using unmanned aerial vehicle images." In XV Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2019.7639.

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Soybeans have been Brazil's main agricultural commodity, contributing substantially to the country's trade balance. However, their production and productivity costs are affected by weeds, diseases and pests. This paper proposes a computer vision system to monitor weeds in soybean fields using images captured by a UAV. The proposed system adopts the SLIC superpixels segmentation method to detect the plants in the images and visual attributes to describe the characteristics of the physical properties of the leaf, such as color, gradient, texture and shape. Our methodology evaluated the performance of three classifiers (kNN, Randon Forest and SVM) for images captured at a height of 3 meters. The best results were obtained by the SVM classification algorithm with accuracy of 91.34%. However, the results do not yet indicate that our approach can support experts and farmers in weed monitoring in soybean crops, requiring more images and experiments.
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