Relevant bibliographies by topics / Space charge region

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Space charge region'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Space charge region"

1

Yakimov, Eugene B., and Nikolai Yarykin. "Metastable Behavior of Dislocation Charge in Space Charge Region." Defect and Diffusion Forum 103-105 (January 1993): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.103-105.485.

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Savitskii, P. I., Z. D. Kovalyuk, and I. V. Mintyanskii. "Space-Charge Region Scattering in Indium Monoselenide." physica status solidi (a) 180, no. 2 (August 2000): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(200008)180:2<523::aid-pssa523>3.0.co;2-x.

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Haber, I., S. Bernal, C. M. Celata, A. Friedman, D. P. Grote, R. A. Kishek, B. Quinn, P. G. O’Shea, M. Reiser, and J. L. Vay. "Collective space-charge phenomena in the source region." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 519, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.178.

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Parikh, C. D., and F. A. Lindholm. "Space-charge region recombination in heterojunction bipolar transistors." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 39, no. 10 (1992): 2197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.158788.

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Searles, S., and D. L. Pulfrey. "An analysis of space-charge-region recombination in HBT's." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 41, no. 4 (April 1994): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.278498.

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von Aichberger, S., O. Abdallah, F. Wünsch, and M. Kunst. "Influence of a space charge region on charge carrier kinetics in silicon wafers." Journal of Applied Physics 91, no. 11 (June 2002): 9147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1473214.

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Burdovitsin, V. A., and E. M. Oks. "Space-Charge Region Near Dielectric Target Under Electron-Beam Irradiation." Russian Physics Journal 62, no. 11 (March 2020): 2011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-020-01937-4.

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Park, Kyung Sun, Ki Seok Lee, Jangmi Baek, Lynn Lee, Byung Hee Son, Yong-Eun Koo Lee, Yeong Hwan Ahn, Won Il Park, Youngjong Kang, and Myung M. Sung. "Observation of Charge Separation and Space-Charge Region in Single-Crystal P3HT/C60 Heterojunction Nanowires." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 35 (July 27, 2016): 10429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201603961.

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Park, Kyung Sun, Ki Seok Lee, Jangmi Baek, Lynn Lee, Byung Hee Son, Yong-Eun Koo Lee, Yeong Hwan Ahn, Won Il Park, Youngjong Kang, and Myung M. Sung. "Observation of Charge Separation and Space-Charge Region in Single-Crystal P3HT/C60 Heterojunction Nanowires." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 35 (July 27, 2016): 10273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201603961.

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Jin, Xin, and Hai Wang. "Space Charge Limited Current and Magnetoresistance in Si." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.952.

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Mott and Gurney point out1, for defect-free semiconductors, I-V curve deviates from linear Ohmic type to nonlinear space-charge limited behavior at high electric field. A surprising large magnetoresistance (MR) has been reported in space-charge limited region by Delmo2-4recently. In present work, I-V and MR curves of silicon samples with different doping concentration are measured. It is observed that I-V curve enters into space charge region at lower voltage in heavily doped samples, however, space-charge limited current is absent in lightly doped samples. Two samples show different types of MR curve. In heavily doped samples, 8% MR is acquired at 3kG and the value of MR increases linearly up to 17%, while MR increases slowly up to 11% in lightly doped samples. It is believed that the dopant and trap in N-type silicon has a strong influence on the space-charge limited current and MR.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Space charge region"

1

Habib, Mohammad Humayun. "Semiconductor P-N Junction Space Charge Region Capacitance." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4589.

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The classical capacitance voltage characteristics based on the depletion approximation, is adequate at reverse bias, but introduces errors at high forward bias. Because of its inherent simplicity and compactness this classical depletion model is well studied and widely used in circuit simulators. In this work, a new model for the semiconductor space charge region (SCR) capacitance, based on physical justification, will be derived. This new model takes three input parameters, C0 , Vbi and m, thus eliminating the fitting parameter FC currently used in SPICE. This new model is applicable for any applied voltage and will be compared with the SCR capacitance extracted from the numerical device simulator PISCES, and with the SCR capacitance models proposed by Gummel and Poon and by DeGraaff and Klaassen.
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Lincelles, Jean-Baptiste. "Étude d’imageurs CMOS fortement dépeuplés pour l’amélioration des performances des futurs instruments d’observation spatiaux." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0015/document.

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Ce travail de thèse étudie les moyens d’étendre les zones de charge d’espace des photodiodes PN d’un imageur CMOS afin d’améliorer la collection des charges photogénérées dans le silicium, en particulier dans le proche infra-rouge. Deux possibilités sont abordées : l’augmentation de la tension de polarisation des photodiodes et la diminution du dopage du silicium. Dans un premier temps, une étude théorique articulée autour de modèles analytiques et de simulations TCAD montre les difficultés technologiques pour parvenir à une augmentation de polarisation des photodiodes, ainsi que les conséquences de l’utilisation de substrats résistifs sur les éléments de l’imageur et sur ses performances. Ces simulations permettent de définir les éléments influençant l’extension de la charge d’espace d’un pixel. Sur la base de cette étude, un imageur CMOS à pixel 3T a été développé et fabriqué sur substrat float-zone très fortement résistif afin de valider les observations théoriques. La caractérisation de ce composant confirme la dépendance de la zone dépeuplée à la conception du pixel. Elle démontre également la corrélation entre l’extension des zones dépeuplées et les performances électro-optiques. Des règles de conception sont définies permettant d’optimiser les performances tout en limitant les courants de fuite entre pixels
This work investigates solutions to extend the space charge region in CMOS image sensors in order to enhance the photo-generatedcharge collection from near-infraredradiations. Photodiode bias increase and low doped silicon substrate are proposed for this study. A theoretical analysis based on analytical model and TCAD simulations shows technological difficulties for photodiode bias in crease and the consequences of using high-resistivity silicon substrates on the imager performances. Space charge region dependency on the pixel design is assessed through simulations. A 3T pixel CMOS image sensor was developed and fabricated on a high resistivity float-zone silicon. Sensor characterization confirms space charge region dependency on the pixel design and the correlation between its extension and electro-optical performances. Design rules are defined to optimize electro-optical performances while limiting punchthrough current in the pixels array
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Levine, Jason W. "From tribal space to cyberspace, regime change in international telecommunications regulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ40993.pdf.

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4

Hong, Tao. "Transient Avalanche Oscillation of IGBTs Under High Current." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-164238.

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Radio frequency oscillations up to several hundreds of MHz were observed during turn-off the high-current conducting IGBTs. They are described in this work as Transient Avalanche oscillations. Other than PETT oscillations that happen in the tail current phase, this oscillation appears during the rise of collector-emitter voltage VCE and during the fall of the collectoremitter current ICE. The turn-off process of IGBTs are investigated with the help of measurements, the circuit- and device-simulations to reveal the working mechanisms of transient high-frequency oscillations. For the first time the Transient Avalanche Oscillation is successfully reproduced with computer simulation, which allows the further investigation on the influences of individual parameters. The participation of IMPATT mechanism in Transient Avalanche oscillation is demonstrated. The interaction between IMPATT mechanism und PETT mechanism during the setting up of depletion region in IGBTs was investigated. Measures to suppress such oscillation are discussed on the levels of chip design, module design and the driver concept. Supplying electron current during critical phase is found to be an effctive method to avoid the dynamic avalanche and the TA-oscillation
Radio Frequenz Oszillationen bis zu mehreren hundert MHz wurden während des Abschaltens von Hochstrom leitenden IGBTs beobachtet. Sie werden in dieser Arbeit als Transient Avalanche Oscillationen beschrieben. Anders als PETT Oszillationen, die in der Tail-Strom Phase vorkommen, erscheint diese Oszillation während des Anstiegs der Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung VCE und des Fallens des Kollektor-Emitter Stroms ICE. In dieser Arbeit werden die Abschaltvorgänge von IGBTs mit Hilfe von Messungen, Schaltungs- bzw. Device-Simulationen untersucht, um die Wirkungsmechanismen der transient erscheinenden hochfrequenten Oszillationen zu erklären. Es ist erstmals gelungen solche Transient Avalanche Oszillationen mit der Simulation zu reproduzieren und anschließend die Einflüsse einzelner Parameter zu untersuchen. Die Beteiligung des IMPATT Mechanismus an der Transient Avalanche Oszillation wurde nachgewiesen. Die Interaktion von IMPATT und PETT während Aufbau der Raumladungszone im IGBT wurde untersucht. Maßnahmen zur Unterdrückung der Oszillation werden auf den Ebenen von Chip-Design, Modulauslegung und der Treiberschaltung diskutiert. Das Zuführen des Elektrostromes während der kritischen Phase wird als ein effective Methode zur Vermeidung der TA-Oscillation nachgewiesen
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Teichmann, Karen [Verfasser], Rainer G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulbrich, and Hans W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schumacher. "Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of space charge regions in semiconductors: From single donor to heterostructure systems / Karen Teichmann. Gutachter: Rainer G. Ulbrich ; Hans W. Schumacher. Betreuer: Rainer G. Ulbrich." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1043611398/34.

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Rudberg, Peter. "Furthering the understanding of the adaptation space of organizations : A case study of adaptation to climate change within the Water Supply and Waste Water sector of the Stockholm Region." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41253.

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This thesis investigates the adaptation to climate change that is taking place in the WaterSupply and Waste Water (WSW) sector of the Stockholm Region. The adaptation processis analyzed in terms of building adaptive capacity and implementing adaptive decisions.Theories on organizational learning and the concept of an organization’s adaptation spaceare used to understand the factors that influence the adaptation process and the capacityof the studied WSW organizations to adapt to climate change. A case study approach hasbeen used and by focusing the research on four regional WSW organizations – thatcomprise a majority of the region’s WSW activities – it is argued that conclusionsrelevant to the region’s WSW sector as a whole can be made. Semi-structured interviewswith the complete management board – in three out of four organizations – and officialdocuments and reports, are the main sources of primary data for the analysis.The results show that adaptation to climate change is occuring in the WSW sector of theStockholm Region. The adaptation is mainly taking the form of building adaptivecapacity and there is only limited evidence of implementation of adaptive decisions. Theresearch suggests that there are few technical and organizational limitations foradaptation to take place and that the main factors influencing the adaptation space of thesector is how the climate change issue and risks are interpreted and perceptions of howthe WSW organizations should function and use their limited economical resources. Twoconclusions are drawn from these results: first, factors influencing the feasibility andattractiveness of different adaptation options need to be included and analysed in order tounderstand the actual adaptation space of an organization. Second, due to the factorsidentified as influencing the adaptation space, it is unlikely, at present, that robustinfrastructure solutions – which have been suggested in the literature as a viable way todeal with the intrinsic uncertainties related to climate change – can be implemented in theWSW sector of the Stockholm Region solely due to concerns of climate change.

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7

Hong, Tao. "Transient Avalanche Oscillation of IGBTs Under High Current." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2014. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20227.

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Radio frequency oscillations up to several hundreds of MHz were observed during turn-off the high-current conducting IGBTs. They are described in this work as Transient Avalanche oscillations. Other than PETT oscillations that happen in the tail current phase, this oscillation appears during the rise of collector-emitter voltage VCE and during the fall of the collectoremitter current ICE. The turn-off process of IGBTs are investigated with the help of measurements, the circuit- and device-simulations to reveal the working mechanisms of transient high-frequency oscillations. For the first time the Transient Avalanche Oscillation is successfully reproduced with computer simulation, which allows the further investigation on the influences of individual parameters. The participation of IMPATT mechanism in Transient Avalanche oscillation is demonstrated. The interaction between IMPATT mechanism und PETT mechanism during the setting up of depletion region in IGBTs was investigated. Measures to suppress such oscillation are discussed on the levels of chip design, module design and the driver concept. Supplying electron current during critical phase is found to be an effctive method to avoid the dynamic avalanche and the TA-oscillation.
Radio Frequenz Oszillationen bis zu mehreren hundert MHz wurden während des Abschaltens von Hochstrom leitenden IGBTs beobachtet. Sie werden in dieser Arbeit als Transient Avalanche Oscillationen beschrieben. Anders als PETT Oszillationen, die in der Tail-Strom Phase vorkommen, erscheint diese Oszillation während des Anstiegs der Kollektor-Emitter-Spannung VCE und des Fallens des Kollektor-Emitter Stroms ICE. In dieser Arbeit werden die Abschaltvorgänge von IGBTs mit Hilfe von Messungen, Schaltungs- bzw. Device-Simulationen untersucht, um die Wirkungsmechanismen der transient erscheinenden hochfrequenten Oszillationen zu erklären. Es ist erstmals gelungen solche Transient Avalanche Oszillationen mit der Simulation zu reproduzieren und anschließend die Einflüsse einzelner Parameter zu untersuchen. Die Beteiligung des IMPATT Mechanismus an der Transient Avalanche Oszillation wurde nachgewiesen. Die Interaktion von IMPATT und PETT während Aufbau der Raumladungszone im IGBT wurde untersucht. Maßnahmen zur Unterdrückung der Oszillation werden auf den Ebenen von Chip-Design, Modulauslegung und der Treiberschaltung diskutiert. Das Zuführen des Elektrostromes während der kritischen Phase wird als ein effective Methode zur Vermeidung der TA-Oscillation nachgewiesen.
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BORGES, Vonedirce Maria Santos. "Formação de uma nova centralidade do setor sucroenergético no cerrado: o caso de Quirinópolis, estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2746.

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The alcohol sector has shown a remarkable process of expansion since 2000, towards the central Cerrado, admittedly favored by situation anchored in renewable energy and defense of national sovereignty. The state of Goias is one of the prime targets of this expansion, since 2004, primarily from 2006 to 2007, and has been concentrating a strong sugar industry in southern Goiás / Southwest Microregion of Quirinópolis (MRQ), where he spent about 4 000 ha more than 150 000 ha planted in the period, with great impact on the local socio-economy, according to previous studies, and subsidiaries of this thesis. This micro-region has favorable soil and climatic characteristics and economic importance of high logistics intra-and inter-regional exports, but the changes in land use and environmental impacts related to this process are still poorly studied. This thesis aims to understand the spatial pattern of expansion of sugarcane and the MRQ, with emphasis on soil and its use changes, considered by many authors as the agricultural frontier expansion of the 1970s, but more organized and capitalized technified, aiming prove the hypothesis that there has been setting a new centrality of the sugarcane industry in the Cerrado, focusing on production of ethanol and bio-energy, multi-scale consequences of which affect, among other things, the other pre-existing supply chains, especially food production. We analyzed in more detail the succession of land uses in the period since 2004, before the arrival of the cane in order to identify the substitution patterns of crops and pastures by the new culture and the potential for direct environmental impacts of sugarcane due observation of pressure on water resources for irrigation purposes and on soils associated with the management system of high technological standards, involving inputs and pesticides, and heavy machinery, among others. The research was based mainly on compiling data and maps, and thematic development of multi-scale cartographic documents, including use of satellite imagery and GIS analysis of census data and detailed study of various impacts on soil and water resources, with sampling Field and laboratory analysis. It is concluded that sugarcane has focused initially on the best land of the MRQ, where it has the best infrastructure in regional / state, where it stood, triumphant, with other uses, in particular, grains (soybeans), and secondarily pastures, in which continues with the current expansion. The process as in the past is supported by federal policy, now the PNE - 2030, and receives federal and state subsidies. It's still fast and plays the same model of previous agricultural expansion, occupation of Savannah in the 1970s, differing, however the fastest and well-planned action of large financial groups and the rapid formation of joint ventures and sugar and alcohol agribusiness complexes horizontal extension of those South-East and even multinationals. These groups previously selected areas where expansion triggered the installation of plants inducing a re-zoning, but retained the strategy of producing agricultural commodities. Finally, it was found that the main direct environmental impacts cultivated areas are the loss of soil biodiversity and water resources soil compaction and increase their resistance to penetration, indicating compression, and it is assumed that there is potential for erosion and also the subsequent contamination of their time, because crop management. It was concluded that MRQ experience, paradoxically, both positive and negative social and environmental impacts arising from a rapidly expanding sugarcane which materialized a new centrality of the space sector in the Central Cerrado, similar to that which occurred in the past the state of São Paulo, but this time relying on an industry already established in the south-southeast and which together make up what is called the polygon of the cane and a new center, as part of this arc expansion of sugar cane, as undeniable and great expression of state and national levels, and gradually reference also becoming international.
O setor sucroalcooleiro vem apresentando um processo notável de expansão desde 2000, rumo ao Cerrado central, reconhecidamente favorecido por conjuntura ancorada na defesa da energia renovável e soberania nacional. O estado de Goiás é um dos alvos preferenciais dessa expansão, desde 2004, principalmente 2006-2007, e vem concentrando uma forte agroindústria canavieira na região Sul Goiano/Sudoeste, Microrregião de Quirinópolis (MRQ), onde passou de cerca de 4 mil ha a mais de 150 mil ha plantados no período, com grande impacto na socioeconomia local, segundo estudos anteriores e subsidiários desta tese. Essa microrregião conta com características edafoclimáticas favoráveis e logísticas de grande relevância econômica intra e inter-regional para exportação, porém as mudanças de uso do solo e impactos ambientais relacionados a esse processo ainda são pouco estudados. A presente tese objetiva compreender o padrão espacial de expansão da cana para e na MRQ, com ênfase em solos e suas mudanças de uso, entendidas por vários autores como expansão da Fronteira Agrícola da década de 1970, porém mais organizada, tecnificada e capitalizada, visando comprovar a hipótese de que aí vem se configurando uma nova centralidade do setor sucroenergético no Cerrado, voltado à produção de etanol e bioenergia, cujas consequências multiescalares afetam, dentre outros aspectos, as demais cadeias produtivas pré-existentes, especialmente de produção de alimentos. Analisou-se com mais detalhe a sucessão de usos do solo no período desde 2004, anterior à chegada da cana, de modo a identificar os padrões de substituição de culturas e pastagens pela nova cultura e o potencial de impactos ambientais diretos da cana devida constatação de pressão sobre os recursos hídricos para fins de irrigação e sobre os solos associados ao sistema de manejo de elevado padrão tecnológico, envolvendo insumos e defensivos, além de maquinaria pesada, dentre outros. A pesquisa baseou-se principalmente na compilação de dados e mapas, e elaboração de documentos cartográficos temáticos multiescalares, incluindo uso de imagens de satélite e SIG, análise de dados censitários diversos e estudo detalhado de impactos através de entrevistas dos principais atores, de descrição e coleta de amostras de solos e recursos hídricos e análise laboratorial. Conclui-se que a cana se concentrou inicialmente nas melhores terras da MRQ, onde conta com a melhor infra-estrutura regional/estadual, e vem concorrendo, vitoriosa, com outros usos, em particular, grãos (soja), e secundariamente pastagens, nas quais prossegue com a expansão atual. O processo, como no passado está amparado em política federal, ora o PNE - 2030, e recebe subsídios federais e estaduais. Ainda está acelerado e reproduz o mesmo modelo de expansão da Fronteira Agrícola anterior, de ocupação do Cerrado dos anos de 1970, diferenciando-se, entretanto pela rápida e mais bem planejada atuação de grandes grupos financeiros e formação rápida de joint ventures e complexos agroindustriais sucroalcooleiros horizontais em extensão daqueles do Sul-Sudeste e mesmo multinacionais. Esses grupos selecionaram previamente as áreas de expansão onde desencadearam a instalação das usinas induzindo um novo zoneamento, mas mantiveram a estratégia de produção de commodities agrícolas. Por fim, constatou-se que os principais impactos ambientais diretos nas áreas cultivadas são a perda de biodiversidade dos solos e dos recursos hídricos a compactação dos solos e a aumento de sua resistência à penetração, indicando compactação, e supõe-se que há potencial de erosão subsequente e também de sua contaminação com o tempo, devido manejo da cultura. Conclui-se também que a MRQ vivencia, paradoxalmente, os impactos socioambientais positivos e negativos decorrentes de uma expansão sucroalcooleira que materializou rapidamente uma nova centralidade espacial do setor no Cerrado Central, similar àquela ocorrida no passado no estado de São Paulo, porém desta feita contando com um setor já consolidado no Sul-Sudeste e que juntos se configuram no que se está chamando de polígono da cana e numa nova centralidade, esta como parte do arco de expansão da cana, já de inegável e grande expressão estadual e nacional, e aos poucos se tornando referência também internacional.
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MARQUES, IGOR EMANUEL DE SOUZA. "A DIVERSIDADE RELIGIOSA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR ADVENTISTA DO ABCD PAULISTA." Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, 2015. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1563.

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Against the backdrop of the denominational status of network Adventist education present in a remarkable way in the school space and the intense religious diversity students, this research analyzes the relationship of possible tensions between the denominational school status and religious diversity present. It takes into account the process of modernity causing significant change in education, in religion and in the form of the two institutes relate to each other. It took into account the socio-economic and religious profile of the students and how is the reception of religious education in Adventist school space, including students who declare themselves Adventists. The area chosen for this research was the Adventist schools located in the ABCD Paulista context, which offer high school. These school units are located in the cities of Diadema, Santo Andre and Sao Caetano do Sul, cities located in the same micro region, but with different socioeconomic realities.
Tendo como pano de fundo a confessionalidade da rede adventista de educação presente de maneira marcante no espaço escolar e a intensa diversidade religiosa discente, esta pesquisa analisa a relação de possíveis tensões entre a confessionalidade escolar e a diversidade religiosa presente neste espaço. Leva em consideração o processo de modernidade causadora de importantes transformações na educação, na religião e na forma dos dois institutos se relacionarem. Levou-se em consideração o perfil socioeconômico e religioso dos alunos e possíveis tensões na recepção do religioso no espaço escolar adventista por parte dos discentes, inclusive por aqueles que se declaram adventistas. O espaço escolhido para esta pesquisa foi o de colégios adventistas localizadas no contexto do ABCD Paulista, que ofertam o Ensino Médio. Estas unidades escolares estão situadas nas cidades de Diadema, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul, cidades localizadas na mesma microrregião, mas com distintas realidades socioeconômicas.
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Kaulicke, Peter. "Nota editorial." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113449.

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Books on the topic "Space charge region"

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Spaces of hope. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

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Spaces of hope. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

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Science diplomacy: Antarctica, and the governance of international spaces. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2011.

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Place, migration, and development in the Third World: An alternative view : with particular reference to population movements, labor market experiences, and regional change in Latin America. London: Routledge, 1991.

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I͡A, Kondratʹev K., and Johannessen Ola M, eds. Arctic environment variability in the context of global change. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Taipei: City of displacements. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2012.

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Davis, Margaret R. A practical guide to organization design. Menlo Park, Calif: Crisp Publications, 1996.

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Steinberg, Mark D. Emotions History in Eastern Europe. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038051.003.0005.

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This chapter examines a regional emotional culture in Eastern Europe and how it shaped attitudes about religion, morality, catastrophe, and loss. It argues that a regional approach opens a valuable space for examining what contexts mean in practice, but only if approached critically, with an awareness of the dangers of cultural essentialism as well as of the (also often dangerous) historical power of such imagery. Following newer approaches to regional geography, the chapter aims to view regions not as stable or homogeneous places but as spaces constituted by social relationships and thus marked by difference, conflict, and change interacting with common and stable features.
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Cook, Kerry H. Climate Change Scenarios and African Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.545.

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Accurate projections of climate change under increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels are needed to evaluate the environmental cost of anthropogenic emissions, and to guide mitigation efforts. These projections are nowhere more important than Africa, with its high dependence on rain-fed agriculture and, in many regions, limited resources for adaptation. Climate models provide our best method for climate prediction but there are uncertainties in projections, especially on regional space scale. In Africa, limitations of observational networks add to this uncertainty since a crucial step in improving model projections is comparisons with observations. Exceeding uncertainties associated with climate model simulation are uncertainties due to projections of future emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Humanity’s choices in emissions pathways will have profound effects on climate, especially after the mid-century.The African Sahel is a transition zone characterized by strong meridional precipitation and temperature gradients. Over West Africa, the Sahel marks the northernmost extent of the West African monsoon system. The region’s climate is known to be sensitive to sea surface temperatures, both regional and global, as well as to land surface conditions. Increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases are already causing amplified warming over the Sahara Desert and, consequently, increased rainfall in parts of the Sahel. Climate model projections indicate that much of this increased rainfall will be delivered in the form of more intense storm systems.The complicated and highly regional precipitation regimes of East Africa present a challenge for climate modeling. Within roughly 5º of latitude of the equator, rainfall is delivered in two seasons—the long rains in the spring, and the short rains in the fall. Regional climate model projections suggest that the long rains will weaken under greenhouse gas forcing, and the short rains season will extend farther into the winter months. Observations indicate that the long rains are already weakening.Changes in seasonal rainfall over parts of subtropical southern Africa are observed, with repercussions and challenges for agriculture and water availability. Some elements of these observed changes are captured in model simulations of greenhouse gas-induced climate change, especially an early demise of the rainy season. The projected changes are quite regional, however, and more high-resolution study is needed. In addition, there has been very limited study of climate change in the Congo Basin and across northern Africa. Continued efforts to understand and predict climate using higher-resolution simulation must be sustained to better understand observed and projected changes in the physical processes that support African precipitation systems as well as the teleconnections that communicate remote forcings into the continent.
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1937-, Chatterji Manas, Kuenne Robert E, and Isard Walter, eds. Dynamics and conflict in regional structural change. New York: New York University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Space charge region"

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Thermal Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 20–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03134-6_2.

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Non-Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 61–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03134-6_5.

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Thermal Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 19–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02882-7_2.

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Non-Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 58–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02882-7_5.

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Thermal Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 21–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04459-9_2.

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Mönch, Winfried. "Surface Space-Charge Region in Non-Equilibrium." In Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 67–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04459-9_5.

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Preto, G. "The Region as an Evolutive System." In Technological Change, Economic Development and Space, 257–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79760-6_12.

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Böer, Karl W. "Creation of Space-Charge Regions in Solids." In Survey of Semiconductor Physics, 444–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2912-1_13.

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Böer, Karl W. "Creation of Space-Charge Regions in Solids." In Handbook of the Physics of Thin-Film Solar Cells, 427–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36748-9_25.

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Böer, Karl W. "Creation of Space-Charge Regions in Solids." In Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, 15–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02236-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Space charge region"

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MaIevich, V. L. "Photocarrier Dynamics and Terahertz Radiation From Semiconductor Surface Space-Charge Region." In EQEC'96. 1996 European Quantum Electronic Conference. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eqec.1996.561517.

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Xia, Kejun, and Guofu Niu. "Impact of Collector-Base Space Charge Region on RF Noise in Bipolar Transistors." In 2006 Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bipol.2006.311126.

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Shukla, Prasoon, Niraj Kumar, Udit Narayan Pal, and Ram Prakash. "A simplified geometric approach for space charge limiting current analysis in interaction region." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2015.7179672.

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Kalinovsky, V. S., R. V. Levin, B. V. Pushniy, V. D. Rumyntsev, and V. M. Andreev. "High power GaSb PV cells with nanocrystalline Si inclusions in the space charge region." In 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: CPV-8. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4753835.

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Sorge, R., B. Heinemann, J. Grabmeier, G. Obermeier, and H. Richter. "Determination of the Recombination Lifetime in the Space Charge Region of MOS Field-Induced PN Junctions." In 30th European Solid-State Device Research Conference. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2000.194820.

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Xu, Ziyan, Guofu Niu, and Ramana M. Malladi. "Compact modeling of collector base junction space charge region transit time effect on noise in SiGe HBTs." In 2010 10th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smic.2010.5422988.

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Bhattacharya, R. N., H. Shen, P. Parayanthal, Fred H. Pollak, T. Coutts, and H. Aharoni. "Electroreflectance And Photoreflectance Characterization Of The Space Charge Region In Semiconductors: Ito/Inp As A Model System." In Semiconductor Conferences, edited by Orest J. Glembocki, Fred H. Pollak, and Jin-Joo Song. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.940896.

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Yue, Guozhen, Dingyuan Lu, Bernie Cheng, Baosheng Sang, and B. J. Stanbery. "Electroluminescence intensity analysis of neutral bulk and space charge region collection effects on large-area CIGS module performance." In 2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925331.

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Sklyarchuk, Valeriy M., Volodymyr A. Gnatyuk, Petro M. Fochuk, and Toru Aoki. "Effect of the concentration of impurities, determining the space charge region thickness on detection properties of Cr/CdTe/Au Schottky diode detectors." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXII, edited by Michael Fiederle, Arnold Burger, and Stephen A. Payne. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568235.

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Kavuri, Chaitanya, and Sage L. Kokjohn. "Computational Study to Identify Feasible Operating Space for a Mixed Mode Combustion Strategy: A Pathway for PCI High Load Operation." In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3668.

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Mixed mode combustion strategies have shown great potential to achieve high load operation but soot emissions were found to be problematic. A recent study investigating soot emissions in such strategies showed that delaying the load extension injection sufficiently late after the primary heat release makes the soot production dependent solely on the temperature field inside the combustion chamber and eliminates any dependence on mixing time and oxygen availability. The current study focuses on furthering this research to identify a feasible operating space to operate in and enable high load operation with this mixed mode combustion strategy. A PCI combustion event was achieved using a premixed charge of gasoline (early cycle injection) and a load extension injection of gasoline was added near top dead center. CFD modeling considering polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chemistry up to pyrene was used to perform a full factorial design of experiments (DOE) to study the effects of premixed fuel fraction (fraction of total fuel that is premixed), load extension injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The early injection timings for EGR rates less than 40% showed a soot-NOx tradeoff which constrained operating with SOI timings before TDC. The late injection timings showed reductions in soot and NOx at the expense of gross indicated efficiency (GIE). GIE increased with increasing premixed fuel until the premixed fuel quantity reached 80% of the total fuel mass. Premixed fuel quantities higher than 80% resulted in an efficiency penalty due to increased wall heat transfer losses resulting from early combustion phasing. However, at premixed fuel quantities close to 80%, the peak pressure rise rate became the dominating constraint. This confined the feasible operating space to a premix fuel mass range of 70% to 80%. For this premix fuel mass range, the feasible operating space had two regions; one in the early SOI regime before TDC at EGR rates higher than 38% and the other in the late SOI regime (SOI > 15° ATDC) across the entire EGR space. The study was repeated by splitting the premixed fuel into an early cycle injection and a stratified injection with SOI timing of −70° ATDC. The ratio of fuel in the two injections was varied in the DOE. The results showed that adding a stratified injection increases the ignition delay due to in-cylinder equivalence ratio stratification and relaxes the pressure rise rate effect on the operating space. This allows operation at high premix fuel quantities of 70% and higher with EGR rates less than 40% which yields significant increase in GIE. It was also identified that by targeting the fuel from the stratified injection into the squish region, there is improved oxygen availability in the bowl for the load extension injection, which results in the reduction of soot emissions. This allows the load extension injection to be brought closer to TDC while meeting the soot constraint, which further improves the GIE. Finally, the results from the study were used to demonstrate high load operation at 20 bar and 1300 rpm.
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Reports on the topic "Space charge region"

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Habib, Mohammad. Semiconductor P-N Junction Space Charge Region Capacitance. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6473.

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Batygin, Yuri K. Stationary Relativistic Bunch in Space-Charge-Dominated Regime. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784944.

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Fernau, M. E., E. D. Maloney, and G. T. Bates. The effects of regional climate change on space conditioning needs and the energy industry in the Great Lakes region. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/208354.

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Matthews, Stephen N., Louis Iverson, Matthew Peters, and Anantha Prasad. Assessing potential climate change pressures across the conterminous United States. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6941248.ch.

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The maps and tables presented here represent potential variability of projected climate change across the conterminous United States during three 30-year periods in this century and emphasizes the importance of evaluating multiple signals of change across large spatial domains. Maps of growing degree days, plant hardiness zones, heat zones, and cumulative drought severity depict the potential for markedly shifting conditions and highlight regions where changes may be multifaceted across these metrics. In addition to the maps, the potential change in these climate variables are summarized in tables according to the seven regions of the fourth National Climate Assessment to provide additional regional context. Viewing these data collectively further emphasizes the potential for novel climatic space under future projections of climate change and signals the wide disparity in these conditions based on relatively near-term human decisions of curtailing (or not) greenhouse gas emissions.
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Y. Raitses, D. Staack, A. Smirnov, and N.J. Fisch. Space Charge Saturated Sheath Regime and Electron Temperature Saturation in Hall Thrusters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837855.

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Iffat, Idris. Trends in Conflict and Stability in the Indo-Pacific. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.009.

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This report looks at trends in conflict and instability in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on climate change effects and a number of civil liberties. The Indo-Pacific region is both highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and already facing significant security risks and challenges, many of which will be exacerbated by the impact of climate change. There are notable increases in resource-based conflicts, migration-induced violence, and armed insurgencies. The countries reviewed all show worrying trends in terms of erosion of freedom of expression, media freedom, freedom of belief, and civil society freedom. The situation in Bangladesh and India is particularly serious and is already fuelling violence and conflict. The two themes on which the Emerging Issues Report (EIR) focuses are (i) climate change and (ii) guarding civil space and including all voices. The EIR examines these two themes in five Indo-Pacific countries: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. These were chosen to give a broad range of situations and challenges/risks from the region. Note that this EIR is confined to an assessment of conflict risks and does not examine measures being taken by the government or others to address these.
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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.
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Collins, Clarence O., and Tyler J. Hesser. altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39699.

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, for the first time, quantitative analysis of spatial model errors within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Wave Information Study (WIS) 30+ year hindcast for coastal United States. The system is demonstrated on the WIS 2017 Atlantic hindcast, using a 1/2° basin scale grid and a 1/4° regional grid of the East Coast. Consistent spatial patterns of increased bias and root-mean-square-error are exposed. Seasonal strengthening and weakening of these spatial patterns are found, related to the seasonal variation of wave energy. Some model errors correspond to areas known for high currents, and thus wave-current interaction. In conjunction with the model comparison, additional functions for pairing altimeter measurements with buoy data and storm tracks have been built. Appendices give information on the code access (Appendix I), organization and files (Appendix II), example usage (Appendix III), and demonstrating options (Appendix IV).
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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