Journal articles: 'Space mechanisms'

1

Martin, Annie, and Catherine Beaudry. "Measuring Collaboration Mechanisms in the Canadian Space Sector." New Space 3, no. 3 (September 2015): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/space.2015.0006.

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Fowler, R. M., L. L. Howell, and S. P. Magleby. "Compliant space mechanisms: a new frontier for compliant mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-2-205-2011.

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Abstract. Compliant mechanisms offer distinct advantages for use in space that can address many of the issues encountered with current rigid-link space mechanisms. Compliant space mechanisms are defined as moveable mechanical assemblies that achieve their desired motion, force, or displacement by means of the deflection of flexible members and can perform a necessary function in the environments of launch and space. Many current space mechanisms are already highly optimized, yet they still experience inherent challenges, and it is unclear if significant improvements in performance can be made by continuing to refine current designs. Compliant space mechanisms offer a promising opportunity to change the fundamental approach to achieving controlled motion in space systems and have potential for dramatic increases in mechanism performance given the constraints of the space environment. This paper proposes the merger of the fields of compliant mechanisms and space mechanisms as a future direction of research in compliant mechanisms, discusses in detail the motivation to do so, and addresses the key factors of applying compliant mechanism technology to space mechanisms.

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NISHIMURA, Makoto. "Tribology of Space Mechanisms." SHINKU 38, no. 6 (1995): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.38.560.

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NISHIMUR, Makoto. "Tribology of Space Mechanisms." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 59, no. 2 (1993): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.59.213.

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Roberts, Mr D. Wyn. "Space mechanisms and tribology." Tribology International 18, no. 2 (April 1985): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(85)90056-8.

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Sugimoto, K. "Existence Criteria for Over-Constrained Mechanisms: An Extension of Motor Algebra." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912607.

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The new concept of a mobile screw space is introduced in this paper. A mobile screw space is a set of motors for which the outer product of any two arbitrary elements belongs to the original set. It is shown that the condition for the existence of almost all existing over-constrained mechanisms is related to the mobile screw space, that is, all joint motors of the mechanism either belongs to a mobile screw space or belong to a space which is given as the sum of mobile spaces. Determining an over-constrained mechanism on the basis of this condition makes it possible to generate many mechanisms, including most presently known over-constrained mechanisms.

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Cahan, Bruce B., R. Bruce Pittman, Sarah Cooper, and John Cumbers. "Space Commodities Futures Trading Exchange: Adapting Terrestrial Market Mechanisms to Grow a Sustainable Space Economy." New Space 6, no. 3 (September 2018): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/space.2017.0047.

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Zirbel, Shannon A., Kyler A. Tolman, Brian P. Trease, and Larry L. Howell. "Bistable Mechanisms for Space Applications." PLOS ONE 11, no. 12 (December 28, 2016): e0168218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168218.

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Tan, Bing Qing, Su Xiu Xu, Ray Zhong, Meng Cheng, and Kai Kang. "Sequential auction based parking space sharing and pricing mechanism in the era of sharing economy." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 8 (September 9, 2019): 1734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2019-0244.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a parking space management platform to alleviate the parking problem and a two-stage solution for sharing and allocating parking spaces. Design/methodology/approach The market design mechanism and auction mechanism are integrated to solve the problem of parking space sharing and allocation. In the first stage, the market design mechanism with two rules is applied for making the good use of idle parking spaces. In the second stage, two sequential auction mechanisms are designed by extending first/second-price sealed bid auction mechanism to allocate both private and public parking spaces, which are received in previous stage and owned by the platform. Two stages are connected through a forecasted price which is calculated through the exponential smoothing method. Findings First, we prove three important properties of the proposed sequential auction mechanisms, namely, incentive compatibility, revenue equivalence and individual rationality. Second, a simulation study is used to verify the effectiveness of the mechanisms through numerical analysis. The impact of the system on three parts, namely, agents (private parking space suppliers), bidders (parking space customers) and the platform, is examined. Third, the results show that the sharing mechanism with monetrary incentive will attract a number of agents to join in the platform. The bidders are also able to obtain considerable utility, as compared with the (average) market parking fees. The platform can thus effectively allocate parking spaces with reasonable prices. Originality/value This paper combines the classical sequential auction mechanisms with the market design mechanism for the parking space sharing and allocation problem. The modeling and analysis method can also be used to address the similar allocation and pricing problems of other resources like bicycle sharing.

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Eiden, Michael, and René Seiler. "Space mechanisms and tribology challenges of future space missions." Acta Astronautica 55, no. 11 (December 2004): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.04.011.

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WHITTEMORE, KENNETH R., SAUMIL N. MERCHANT, and JOHN J. ROSOWSKI. "Acoustic Mechanisms." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 6 (June 1998): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(98)70264-5.

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The contribution of the middle ear air spaces to sound transmission through the middle ear in canal wall-up and canal wall-down mastoidectomy was studied in human temporal bones by measurements of middle ear input impedance and sound pressure difference across the tympanic membrane for the frequency range 50 Hz to 5 kHz. These measurements indicate that, relative to canal wall-up procedures, canal wall-down mastoidectomy results in a 1 to 5 dB decrease in middle ear sound transmission below 1 kHz, a 0 to 10 dB increase between 1 and 3 kHz, and no change above 3 kHz. These results are consistent with those reported by Gyo et al. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986;112:1262-8), in which umbo displacement was used as a measure of sound transmission. A model analysis suggests that the reduction in sound transmission below 1 kHz can be explained by the smaller middle ear air space volume associated with the canal wall-down procedure. We conclude that as long as the middle ear air space is aerated and has a volume greater than 0.7 ml, canal wall-down mastoidectomy should generally cause less than 10 dB changes in middle ear sound transmission relative to the canal wall-up procedure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:751-61.)

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Raadu, M. A. "Particle acceleration mechanisms in space plasmas." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial & Planetary Science 26, no. 1-3 (January 2001): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1917(00)00090-8.

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Rongqiang, LIU, SHI Chuang, GUO Hongwei, LI Bingyan, TIAN Dake, and DENG Zongquan. "Review of Space Deployable Antenna Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 56, no. 5 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2020.05.001.

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14

Moore, Wendy Leo. "The Mechanisms of White Space(s)." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 14 (December 2020): 1946–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220975080.

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In 2008, I published a theoretical frame of White institutional space beginning with the generalized proposition that social organizations, social institutions, and social structure are fundamentally and recursively related. In other words, individual organizations (like particular law schools) are produced by and function to reproduce racialized social institutions (like the institutions of education and law), just as social organizations and institutions are produced in as an element of and therefore reify the racial social structure—which in the United States is based on White supremacy. Within U.S. social organizations, there exist routine and systematic mechanisms, including racist historical and contemporary institutionalized hierarchies of power, racist institutionalized logics, and racist discourses and ideologies which inform everyday racialized practices, that function synergistically to channel the resources of U.S. organizations and institutions disproportionately to Whites. In this article, I utilize elements of my original research in elite law schools to delineate and demonstrate how mechanisms of White institutional space function tacitly and explicitly to reify White power and privilege.

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Eckberg, Dwain L., John R. Halliwill, Larry A. Beightol, Troy E. Brown, J. Andrew Taylor, and Ross Goble. "Human vagal baroreflex mechanisms in space." Journal of Physiology 588, no. 7 (March 30, 2010): 1129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.186650.

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Piipponen, Samuli, and Jukka Tuomela. "Configuration space analysis of rigid mechanisms." Miskolc Mathematical Notes 14, no. 2 (2013): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.18514/mmn.2013.931.

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Subramaniam, Shankar, Andrew Caldwell, Vipul Bhargava, Dinorah Friedman-Morvinski, Qing Lu, Shauna Yuan, Douglas Galasko, Inder Verma, and Steven Wagner. "Mechanisms Defining the Neuronal State Space." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 23a—24a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.172.

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Huang, Hong Zhou, Jun Lan Li, Yun Qiang Yang, and Shao Ze Yan. "Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Deployable Mechanism with Double Clearance." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.306.

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Space deployable mechanisms have been widely employed in aeronautic industry, and the dynamic performance of the space deployable mechanisms become increasingly important. In this paper, the model of space deployable mechanism with double clearances is established by the multi-body program ADAMS. The deployable mechanism with ideal joint, single clearance joint and double clearance joints are simulated to investigate the effects of double clearance on the dynamic performance of the deployable mechanism. The results reveal that the coupler of double joint clearance has significant influence on dynamic performance of deployable mechanism. The results of simulation could help to predict the joint vibration in space deployable mechanisms.

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Boden, Margaret A. "Précis ofThe creative mind: Myths and mechanisms." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 3 (September 1994): 519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0003569x.

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AbstractWhat is creativity? One new idea may be creative, whereas another is merely new: What's the difference? And how is creativity possible? These questions about human creativity can be answered, at least in outline, using computational concepts. There are two broad types of creativity, improbabilist and impossibilist. Improbabilist creativity involves (positively valued) novel combinations of familiar ideas. A deeper type involves METCS: the mapping, exploration, and transformation of conceptual spaces. It is impossibilist, in that ideas may be generated which – with respect to the particular conceptual space concerned – could not have been generated before. (They are made possible by some transformation of the space.) The more clearly conceptual spaces can be defined, the better we can identify creative ideas. Defining conceptual spaces is done by musicologists, literary critics, and historians of art and science. Humanist studies, rich in intuitive subtleties, can be complemented by the comparative rigour of a computational approach. Computational modelling can help to define a space, and to show how it may be mapped, explored, and transformed. Impossibilist creativity can be thought of in “classical” Al terms, whereas connectionism illuminates improbabilist creativity. Most Al models of creativity can only explore spaces, not transform them, because they have no self-reflexive maps enabling them to change their own rules. A few, however, can do so. A scientific understanding of creativity does not destroy our wonder at it, nor does it make creative ideas predictable. Demystification does not imply dehumanization.

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ISHIAI, SUMIO. "Unilateral space disorientation and rehabilitation. Unilateral space disorientation. Symptoms and mechanisms." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 33, no. 8 (1996): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrm1963.33.529.

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Chowdhuri, Rajdeep, Pate Sweety Prakash, and Ravi Kumar Shakya. "Advanced Space Launching Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.322.

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Prozhega, M. V., A. Yu Albagachiev, N. I. Smirnov, and N. N. Smirnov. "Lubricating Materials for Mechanisms Operating in Space." Journal of Friction and Wear 39, no. 4 (July 2018): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106836661804013x.

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Straub, Sina, Mark E. Ladd, Andreas Wetscherek, and Frederik B. Laun. "On contrast mechanisms in p-space imaging." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 75, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 2526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25812.

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Jones, William R., Bradley A. Shogrin, and Mark J. Jansen. "Research on liquid lubricants for space mechanisms." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 17, no. 2 (July 2000): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000170203.

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Roberts, E. W. "Space tribology: its role in spacecraft mechanisms." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 45, no. 50 (November 20, 2012): 503001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/45/50/503001.

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Robertson, H. Thomas. "Dead space: the physiology of wasted ventilation." European Respiratory Journal 45, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 1704–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00137614.

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An elevated physiological dead space, calculated from measurements of arterial CO2 and mixed expired CO2, has proven to be a useful clinical marker of prognosis both for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and for patients with severe heart failure. Although a frequently cited explanation for an elevated dead space measurement has been the development of alveolar regions receiving no perfusion, evidence for this mechanism is lacking in both of these disease settings. For the range of physiological abnormalities associated with an increased physiological dead space measurement, increased alveolar ventilation/perfusion ratio (V′A/Q′) heterogeneity has been the most important pathophysiological mechanism. Depending on the disease condition, additional mechanisms that can contribute to an elevated physiological dead space measurement include shunt, a substantial increase in overall V′A/Q′ ratio, diffusion impairment, and ventilation delivered to unperfused alveolar spaces.

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Сальков, Николай, and Nikolay Sal'kov. "Formation of Surfaces Under Kinetic Displaying." Geometry & Graphics 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad094a0380725.32164760.

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This work is the development of previously published ones in the journal "Geometry and Graphics" as follows: "Kinematic Correspondence of Rotating Spaces" (№ 1, 2013) and "Formation of Cyclic Surfaces in Kinetic Geometry" (№ 4, 2017). Many of mechanisms make rotational movement, wherein rotating parts of one mechanism "invade" into the zone of rotation for another rotating mechanism’s parts. At the same time, in addition to rotation, they can make other movements, both translational and rotational nature. The theory of kinetic geometry, of which this work is an integral part, is developed in order to avoid collisions of two or more parts of different mechanisms with each other. This is a rather complicated problem in mechanical engineering, in the mining industry, in metallurgy, and in space navigation, where there are no objects that are at rest. Therefore, the kinetic theory of matching for rotating spaces R1 3 and R23 when they are independent from each other movement is quite relevant. In this work have been considered cases for mapping of geometric figures of one space to another one when these figures are moving inside their space R13 . A theory which is presented has been called kinetic geometry, as it relates to engineering problems associated with gearings. These problems were addressed for the first time and drew-up as inventions. A monograph entitled "Introduction to Kinetic Geometry" is currently being prepared for publication.

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Krasochenkova, N. P. "NATIONAL INNOVATION SPACE IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 5 (December 30, 2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2016-5-44-48.

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The features of the knowledge economy and knowledge fundamental role in the formation of the national innovation space are analyzed; economic function of knowledge, institutional mechanisms for the production of knowledge are revealed. Factors and areas that affect the creation of new knowledge are characterized. Organizing mechanism of interaction of the national innovation system subjects is grounded and presented.

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Lusk, Craig P., and Larry L. Howell. "Design Space of Single-Loop Planar Folded Micro Mechanisms With Out-of-Plane Motion." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 5 (November 3, 2005): 1092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2216734.

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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are usually fabricated using planar processing methods such as surface micromachining, bulk micromachining, or LIGA-type fabrication. If a micro mechanism is desired that has motion out of the plane of fabrication, it can be a folded mechanism in its fabricated position. The desire to design MEMS for a wide range of out-of-plane motions has led to the need for a better theoretical understanding of the design space for folded mechanisms. Thus, this paper derives the design space of arbitrary planar folded mechanisms. This results in the definition of the orientation set measures equality condition (OSMEC) which can be used in constructing adjacency set patches and joining them to construct the design space. The results can be used to explore different properties of the mechanisms in the design space. One such property, the mechanisms’ folded length, is given as an example. Although MEMS provide the primary motivation for the work, the results are general and apply to other areas of application.

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Pippin, Gary. "Space environments and induced damage mechanisms in materials." Progress in Organic Coatings 47, no. 3-4 (September 2003): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.07.003.

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Nose, Izuru, Kentaro Inoue, Ken-ichro Tsutsui, Yoshio Sakurai, Hiroshi Niki, and Masato Taira. "Brain mechanisms for time and space interval perception." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92263-3.

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Levchenko, Igor, Kateryna Bazaka, Stephane Mazouffre, and Shuyan Xu. "Prospects and physical mechanisms for photonic space propulsion." Nature Photonics 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0280-7.

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Wight, Colin. "Theorizing the Mechanisms of Conceptual and Semiotic Space." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34, no. 2 (June 2004): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393103262554.

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Held, Marie, Ondřej Kašpar, Clive Edwards, and Dan V. Nicolau. "Intracellular mechanisms of fungal space searching in microenvironments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (June 18, 2019): 13543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816423116.

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Filamentous fungi that colonize microenvironments, such as animal or plant tissue or soil, must find optimal paths through their habitat, but the biological basis for negotiating growth in constrained environments is unknown. We used time-lapse live-cell imaging of Neurospora crassa in microfluidic environments to show how constraining geometries determine the intracellular processes responsible for fungal growth. We found that, if a hypha made contact with obstacles at acute angles, the Spitzenkörper (an assembly of vesicles) moved from the center of the apical dome closer to the obstacle, thus functioning as an internal gyroscope, which preserved the information regarding the initial growth direction. Additionally, the off-axis trajectory of the Spitzenkörper was tracked by microtubules exhibiting “cutting corner” patterns. By contrast, if a hypha made contact with an obstacle at near-orthogonal incidence, the directional memory was lost, due to the temporary collapse of the Spitzenkörper–microtubule system, followed by the formation of two “daughter” hyphae growing in opposite directions along the contour of the obstacle. Finally, a hypha passing a lateral opening in constraining channels continued to grow unperturbed, but a daughter hypha gradually branched into the opening and formed its own Spitzenkörper–microtubule system. These observations suggest that the Spitzenkörper–microtubule system is responsible for efficient space partitioning in microenvironments, but, in its absence during constraint-induced apical splitting and lateral branching, the directional memory is lost, and growth is driven solely by the isotropic turgor pressure. These results further our understanding of fungal growth in microenvironments relevant to environmental, industrial, and medical applications.

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Moyano, Gloria E., and Jos� L. Villaveces. "A fibered space approach to chemical reaction mechanisms." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 44, S26 (March 14, 1992): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560440867.

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Burr, D., G. M. Cicchini, and G. Anobile. "Mapping number to space engages adaptive encoding mechanisms." Journal of Vision 14, no. 10 (August 22, 2014): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.1423.

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Bao, L., X. Duan, and Y. He. "Analysis of voltage-collapse mechanisms in state space." IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 147, no. 6 (2000): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20000670.

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Zhang, Dan, and Bin Wei. "Synthesising of reactionless flexible mechanisms for space applications." International Journal of Space Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijspacese.2018.090541.

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Wei, Bin, and Dan Zhang. "Synthesising of reactionless flexible mechanisms for space applications." International Journal of Space Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijspacese.2018.10011630.

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Kong, Xiang T. R., Su Xiu Xu, Meng Cheng, and George Q. Huang. "IoT-Enabled Parking Space Sharing and Allocation Mechanisms." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 15, no. 4 (October 2018): 1654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2017.2785241.

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Dudka, D. V., Yu M. Drakunov, and A. Abduraimov. "Package of Programs for the Synthesis of Space Gear Mechanism in the MAPLE Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.516.

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The design of any mechanism begins with the design of its scheme. Subsequent calculations for strength, structural design of links and kinematic pairs, choice of materials, and other stages of the design, as a rule cannot significantly change the basic properties of the mechanism. The design of mechanisms scheme on the specified properties is called synthesis of mechanism. In this work we considered the software package of kinematic synthesis of spatial gear lever mechanisms for five, seven, eight and nine parameters.

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Kazumura, Tomoya, Debasis Mishra, and Shigehiro Serizawa. "Mechanism design without quasilinearity." Theoretical Economics 15, no. 2 (2020): 511–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te2910.

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This paper studies a model of mechanism design with transfers where agents' preferences need not be quasilinear. In such a model, (i) we characterize dominant strategy incentive compatible mechanisms using a monotonicity property, (ii) we establish a revenue uniqueness result (for every dominant strategy implementable allocation rule, there is a unique payment rule that can implement it), and (iii) we show that every dominant strategy incentive compatible, individually rational, and revenue‐maximizing mechanism must charge zero payment for the worst alternative (outside option). These results are applicable in a wide variety of problems (single object auction, multiple object auction, public good provision, etc.) under suitable richness of type space. In particular, our results are applicable to two important type spaces: (a) type space containing an arbitrarily small perturbation of quasilinear type space and (b) type space containing all positive income effect preferences.

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Goorha, Prateek. "Contextual Contracts: On a Context-sensitive Approach to Contract Theory." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 30, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107917740510.

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I propose a method for introducing ‘context’ within the contractual environment based on a simple and intuitive application of control theory. The approach permits looking at several interesting practical features of contracts, be they incomplete, complete or smart, within a single framework. I define a contextual environment with the help of an interaction between three distinct spaces: a market-based contractual space framed within a formal institutional space and an even larger cultural space. Each space is characterized by a governing law built on a selection of control mechanisms that differ in their approach as well as their reliance on information generated from feedback mechanisms. I suggest how these governing laws tie the contextual spaces together and present some ideas on how they evolve through their interactions with other spaces. JEL: D20, D86, P50, Z10

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Oberti, Roberta, Fernando Cá mara, Luisa Ottolini, and José Maria Caballero. "Lithium in amphiboles: detection, quantification, and incorporation mechanisms in the compositional space bridging sodic and BLi-amphiboles." European Journal of Mineralogy 15, no. 2 (March 31, 2003): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0309.

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Furukawa, Satoshi, Aiko Nagamatsu, Mitsuru Nenoi, Akira Fujimori, Shizuko Kakinuma, Takanori Katsube, Bing Wang, et al. "Space Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 8, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4703286.

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Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.

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Gunter, T. E., and D. R. Pfeiffer. "Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 258, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): C755—C786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1990.258.5.c755.

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It has been firmly established that the rapid uptake of Ca2+ by mitochondria from a wide range of sources is mediated by a uniporter which permits transport of the ion down its electrochemical gradient. Several mechanisms of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria have also been extensively discussed in the literature. Energized mitochondria must expend a significant amount of energy to transport Ca2+ against its electrochemical gradient from the matrix space to the external space. Two separate mechanisms have been found to mediate this outward transport: a Ca2+/nNa+ exchanger and a Na(+)-independent efflux mechanism. These efflux mechanisms are considered from the perspective of available energy. In addition, a reversible Ca2(+)-induced increase in inner membrane permeability can also occur. The induction of this permeability transition is characterized by swelling of the mitochondria, leakiness to small ions such as K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. It has been suggested that the permeability transition and its reversal may also function as a mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux mechanism under some conditions. The characteristics of each of these mechanisms are discussed, as well as their possible physiological functions.

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Kivilev, V. V. "RENOVATION OF HOUSING SPACE: DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITAL REPAIR MECHANISMS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-3-120-132.

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Boddy, Lynne, Juliet Hynes, Daniel P. Bebber, and Mark D. Fricker. "Saprotrophic cord systems: dispersal mechanisms in space and time." Mycoscience 50, no. 1 (January 2009): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-008-0450-4.

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NANGO, Jun, and Naohito OGAWA. "2831 Work Space of 3-DOF Spatial Parallel Mechanisms." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.4 (2005): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.4.0_257.

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Szajnfarber, Zoe, and Annalisa L. Weigel. "Mechanisms of Innovation in the Space and Defense Sector." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2013010102.

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Abstract:

Despite a rich legacy of space sector technological achievements, agencies are increasingly being criticized for their inability to deliver on their innovative promises. Although the phenomenon of innovation has received substantial attention across multiple disciplines, it has largely focused on relatively simple products in nearly competitive markets, making its applicability to the space system context suspect. This paper reviews the economic, political science/strategic, business and operational literatures most relevant to complex product innovation in government markets. It categorizes their insights in terms of the sources of innovation as – external political-level leadership, internal bureaucratic politics, structure of the system, new technologies and user innovations – to illustrate the overlap and gaps among the disciplinary insights. It argues that past studies have over emphasized innovations that were generated by idiosyncratic events and have not adequately addressed the architectural dimension of complex product innovation. If useful prescriptions are to be developed, the process of normal complex product innovation in monopsony markets must be examined as a whole. To this end, the paper suggests several priorities for future work.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Space mechanisms'

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