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Journal articles on the topic 'Space superficies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Osorio, Alejandro I. Flores, Nielce M. Lobo da Costa, Dennis A. Espejo Peña, and Lenin R. Cabracancha Montesinos. "Modelamiento de Superficies en Coordenadas Esféricas a Través de GeoGebra." Jornal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 02–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2020v13n1p02-05.

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Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una herramienta que permita ayudar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de graficar y describir superficies en coordenadas esféricas, a través del software libre GeoGebra, para lo cual se va representar superficies convencionales y no convencionales, así como sólidos que están limitados por un número finito de superficies por medio de parametrizaciones basadas en coordenadas esféricas y luego presentarlas en la vista gráfica 3D de GeoGebra usando el comando Superficie, de esta forma se tiene una inmejorable visualizar, percepción, manipulación y comprensión del esbozo de superficies en el espacio en un ambiente dinámico y amigable. Finalizamos con un caso de aplicación de modelado del planetario más grande del mundo aplicando superficies paramétricas basadas en las coordenadas esféricas. Palabras-clave: Modelamiento. Superficies. Parametrización. Coordenadas Esféricas. GeoGebra. Abstract This article aims to present a tool that aids the teaching and learning of graphing and describing surfaces in spherical coordinates, through the free GeoGebra software, for which specific and non-specific surfaces will be represented, as well as solids that are limited by a finite number of surfaces by means of parameterizations based on spherical coordinates and then present them in the GeoGebra 3D graphic view using the Surface command, in this way you have an unbeatable visualization, perception, manipulation and understanding of the outline of surfaces in the space in a dynamic and friendly environment. We conclude with a case of modeling application of the largest planetarium in the world applying parametric surfaces based on spherical coordinates Keywords: Modeling. Surfaces. Parameterization. Spherical Coordinates. GeoGebra.
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2

Alêssio, Osmar, Sayed A. N. Badr, Soad A. Hassan, Luciana A. Rodrigues, Fábio N. Silva, and M. A. Soliman. "Transversal Intersection Curves of Two Surfaces in Minkowski 3-Space." Selecciones Matemáticas 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sel.mat.2018.02.02.

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3

Moncada Andino, Clara Regina. "Construcción de superficies no convencionales con GeoGebra 3D." Revista do Instituto GeoGebra Internacional de São Paulo. ISSN 2237-9657 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2237-9657.2020.v9i1p90-100.

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RESUMENEste trabajo aborda algunas experiencias que el Instituto GeoGebra de Zacatepec (IGZ) cuenta desde su inicio, comenzando por su ubicación, convocatoria del Día de GeoGebra, cursos-talleres de GeoGebra impartidos, hasta la exploración del contenido de superficies no convencionales, utilizando para su construcción comandos y herramientas de GeoGebra, desde un enfoque pedagógico-didáctico de aprender pensando de manera significativa, partiendo desde superficies ya definidas por el software de GeoGebra, hasta llegar a la visualización inteligente de construcciones no convencionales y dinámicas en el espacio tridimensional, logrando un mejor aprendizaje de los estudiantes.Palabras claves: Curvas_3D; Superficies_funcional; Superficies_comandos. RESUMOEste trabalho aborda algumas experiências que o Instituto GeoGebra de Zacatepec (IGZ) tem desde o seu início, começando com a sua localização, convocando o Dia do GeoGebra, ministrando cursos-oficinas de GeoGebra, até a exploração do conteúdo de superfícies não convencionais, usando para sua construção comandos e ferramentas do GeoGebra, a partir de uma abordagem pedagógico-didática para aprender a pensar de maneira significativa, partindo de superfícies já definidas pelo software GeoGebra, até alcançar a visualização inteligente de construções não convencionais e dinâmicas no espaço tridimensional, alcançando um melhor aprendizado dos alunos.Palavras-chave: Curvas_3D; Superfícies funcionais; Superfícies _ comandos. ABSTRACTThis work addresses some of the experiences that the Institute GeoGebra of Zacatepec (IGZ) has since its inception, beginning with its location, call the Day of GeoGebra, courses-workshops on GeoGebra given, to the exploration of the content areas that are no-conventional, using for its construction, commands and tools of GeoGebra, from a pedagogical approach-learning to learn thinking in a significant way, starting from surfaces already defined by the software of GeoGebra, until you reach the intelligent display of construction is no-conventional and dynamic in the three-dimensional space achieving a better students learning,Keywords: Curves_3D; Surfaces_functional; Surfaces_commands.
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de Boer, Sander, and Paul Bakker. "Locus est spatium On Gerald Odonis' Quaestio de loco." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 295–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428140.

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AbstractThis article examines Gerald Odonis' view on the nature of place as found in his commentary on the Sentences (Sent. II, d. 2, qq. 3-5) and in an anonymous question (Utrum locus sit ultima superficies corporis ambientis immobile primum) extant in manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, 4229. Both texts defend a thoroughly un-Aristotelian conception of place as three-dimensional space. Odonis not only deviates from Aristotle's definition of place as the inner surface of a surrounding body, but also from the positions of his contemporaries, including fellow Franciscans. Despite some remarkable doctrinal similarities between Odonis' view and that of Renaissance innovators like Francesco Patrizi and Bernardino Telesio, it seems unlikely that Gerald played a role in the rise of new conceptions of place in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. An edition of the anonymous Quaestio de loco is given in an appendix.
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Fernández-Quevedo Rubio, César, and Juan Del Campo Vecino. "La utilización de las raquetas de nieve con grupos de escolares (The use of snowshoes by students)." Retos, no. 12 (March 28, 2015): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i12.35037.

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Las raquetas constituyen uno de los medios tradicionales de locomoción utilizado para el desplazamiento sobre la nieve blanda, superficie en la que la progresión sin elementos auxiliares resulta muy costosa. Son un sencillo elemento que nos permite internarnos en la montaña recién caída la nieve, abriendo huella, siendo los primeros que pisan ese nuevo espacio y descubren ese territorio que ha creado la nevada de la noche anterior. Gracias a las raquetas podemos vivir parecidas sensaciones a las de aquellos primeros expedicionarios que, paso a paso, fueron descubriendo nuevos territorios. En estas pocas líneas no podemos abordar todos los conocimientos que serían imprescindibles para minimizar el riesgo y progresar de forma correcta sobre superficies nevadas (vestuario, orientación, etc...), y tampoco es nuestro propósito, tan sólo pretendemos aportar algunas ideas básicas con relación a las raquetas de nieve y su utilización con grupos, fruto todo ello de nuestra experiencia en este campo.Abstract: Snowshoes represent one of the jeans of transport used to travel on the soft snow, which is a kind of surface where the movement withoutauxiliary elements becomes very hard. Snowshoes are simple elements which let us to go deep into the mountains when the snow has just fallen downand we can leave our prints on it being the first ones who step on that new space and who discover that new territory which has been created by thelast night snowfall. With these few lines we can not express a thorough knowledge of the subject to minimize the risk of going on correctly on snow-covered surfaces (clothes, bearings, etc.) we just want to give some basic ideas related to snowshoes and its utilization by groups, as a result of ourexperience in this particular subject.
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Ariza Viviescas, Andres, Diana Marcela Niño Pinzón, Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza, Juan Daniel Esteban Moreno, Diego Benítez Medina, and Juan Carlos Sanchez Delgado. "Sprint pattern analysis of professional female soccer players on artificial and natural turf (Análisis del patrón de carrera en jugadoras de fútbol femenino en césped artificial y natural)." Retos, no. 39 (August 14, 2020): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77752.

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Abstract. Introduction: There is few evidence that details the behavior of each spatiotemporal variable of the running pattern of female soccer players using different surfaces. Objective: To describe the spatiotemporal variables of the sprint pattern developed on natural and artificial turf by professional female soccer players. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on nineteen (n=19) professional athletes with an average age of 22.3 years, who´s sprint spatiotemporal variables were evaluated in a natural (Bermuda 419) and artificial (Star 2) playing field through an optical measurement system (Opto Gait, Italy). The analysis of the differences of the space and time variables by turf was done with the Wilcoxon test for paired data and the differences in speed and acceleration by playing position was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Spearman test was used to compare the correlation between speed, acceleration and anthropometric variables. Finally, an alpha level of 5% was considered for the whole analysis. Results: On the natural turf, the speed and cadence of the players were higher; on the artificial turf, the energy, flight time, contact phase and step angle were higher (p<0.05). On the other hand, an indirect relationship was observed between speed, contact time, percentage and fat weight (p=0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the natural turf, Bermuda 419, allows for a faster sprinting patterns, characterized by lower energy use, flight time, contact phase and step angle. Resumen. Introducción: Existe poca evidencia que detalle el comportamiento de cada variable espaciotemporal del patrón de carrera de mujeres futbolistas utilizando diferentes superficies. Objetivo: describir las variables espacio temporales del patrón de carrera desarrollado en superficie natural y artificial por mujeres futbolistas profesionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en diecinueve (n=19) deportistas profesionales con un promedio de edad de 22.3 años, a quienes se les evaluaron las variables espacio temporales de la carrera en césped natural (Bermuda 419) y artificial (Star 2) a través de un sistema de medición óptico (Opto Gait). El análisis de las diferencias de las variables espacio temporales fue realizado con el test de Wilcoxon para datos pareados y las diferencias en la velocidad y aceleración fue realizados usando el test Kruskal-Wallis. El test de Spearman se usó para comparar la correlación entre las variables de velocidad, aceleración y antropométricas. Finalmente, un nivel de alpha de 5% fue considerado para el análisis total. Resultados: en la superficie natural, la velocidad y cadencia de las futbolistas fueron superiores; sobre superficie artificial, la energía, el tiempo de vuelo, la fase de contacto y el ángulo de paso fueron más altas (p<0.05). De otra parte, se observó una relación indirecta entre la velocidad, tiempo de contacto, porcentaje y peso graso (p=0.01). Conclusión: nuestros resultados sugieren que la superficie natural, Bermuda 419, permite un patrón de carrera más rápido, caracterizado por un menor uso de energía, tiempo de vuelo, fase de contacto y ángulo de paso.
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Pacheco Barzallo, Andrea. "Espacio Público y Envejecimiento Activo en los Barrios Bardegueral y Los Llanos." Territorios en formación, no. 11 (January 13, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2017.11.3462.

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ResumenAnte una creciente urbanización dispar de lo que entendemos por la ciudad tradicional, nacen muchas incógnitas sobre la habitabilidad y el modo de vida en los barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Madrid, y el cómo dentro de estos barrios se desarrolla la vida diaria de los diferentes colectivos, con especial curiosidad la de las personas mayores. Es justamente dentro de dos de estos barrios, Bardegueral y Los Llanos, donde el presente trabajo centra su estudio, con enfoque hacia el espacio público barrial y más específicamente frente a su capacidad de permitir o favorecer un proceso de envejecimiento activo. Con esta perspectiva, estructuramos una metodología de análisis en función de unos principios urbanos de proximidad, permeabilidad, diversidad y ambientación, una serie de elementos del medio físico, unas condiciones de accesibilidad y encuentro, y las acciones de pasear, aprehender, localizar y comunicar. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que algunos espacios públicos constituyen superficies ineficientes en desuso, pocos que sí poseen una identidad propia que favorece al envejecimiento activo, al menos hasta cierto punto del proceso, y otros que tienen potencial para alcanzar esa identidad, ya sea por medio de mejoras, renovaciones o gestión del espacio. Palabras clave Salud, participación, accesibilidad universal, seguridad, comodidadAbstractFaced with unequal growing urbanization of what we know by the traditional city, curiosity grows regarding the habitability and the lifestyle associated to new suburbs in the city of Madrid, and how the daily life of diverse groups is solved in these suburbs, with special attention to the group of the elderly. It is precisely within two of these surburbs, Bardegueral and Los Llanos, where the present work focuses its study, on the public space in the neighborhood and more specifically on its ability to allow or to favor a process of active aging. With this perspective, we structure a methodology based on the urban principles of proximity, permeability, diversity and environmental setting, certain elements of the physical environment, the conditions of universal access and meeting, and the actions of walking, apprehending, locating and communicating. From the results it is concluded that some public spaces are inefficient and disused surfaces, a few do have an identity that promotes active ageing, at least to some extent of the process, and others that have great potential to achieve that identity either through improvements, renovations or space management.KeywordsHealth, participation, universal accessibility, safety, comfort
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Nichols, William. "Viajes al futuro y sociedad del simulacro: Modernidad, Disneyficación y ruinas de la resistencia en Quinteto de Buenos Aires de Manuel Vázquez Montalban." MVM: Cuadernos de Estudios Manuel Vázquez Montalbán 5, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/mvmcemvm.8064.

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A lo largo de la obra de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, tanto en las obras dentro de la serie Carvalho como fuera y en la producción de libros no-ficción, el viaje sirve para como ímpetu narrativo además de eje temático para indagar las contradicciones de la globalización y explorar la memoria como estrategia de resistencia. Por un lado, el viaje ofrece una metáfora que evoca la supuesta disolución de las fronteras dentro del contexto globalizado y el libre movimiento de personas, productos, y capital. Por otro, la mirada crítica del viajero cuestiona la autenticidad de la sociedad globalizada que esconde los escombros del pasado bajo las superficies lisas y brillantes de las ciudades rediseñadas bajo la lógica Disney del simulacro. El viaje está presente en la producción literaria de Vázquez Montalbán desde la primera apariencia de Carvalho en Yo maté a Kennedy hasta los últimos tomos de Milenio I y II. El propósito de este ensayo es analizar la estructura del viaje en Quinteto en Buenos Aires como una investigación que cuestiona capacidad de resistir la globalización, encontrar la autenticidad cultural, y preservar la memoria y el pensamiento crítico. En este ensayo, el autor considerará a Vázquez Montalbán como una voz profética que anunciaba los efectos demoledores para el pensamiento crítico con la creación del “Gran consumidor” que él describía en Panfleto desde el planeta de los simios. Palabras clave: Pepe Carvalho; Vázquez Montalbán; Quinteto de Buenos Aires; turismo; globalización, simulacro; Disneyficación; neoliberalism; resistencia; espacio urbano Keywords: Pepe Carvalho; Vázquez Montalbán; Quinteto de Buenos Aires; tourism; globalization; simulacra, Disneyfication; neoliberalism; resistance; urban space Título en inglés: Travels to the Future and the Society of Simulacra: Modernity, Disneyfication, and the Ruins of Resistance in Quinteto de Buenos Aires de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
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Goyal, Gaurav, Sarfaraz Padda, Yashmeet Padda, S. Sathasivasubramanian, SAarvind Warrier, and Bhawandeep Kaur. "Ultrasonographic evaluation of superficial space infections." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 4, no. 3 (2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-3841.196351.

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Kanagamuthu, Priya, Guna Keerthana Ramesh, Aswin Vaishali Natarajan, and Rajasekaran Srinivasan. "Deep Neck Space Abscess – A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (September 13, 2021): 3310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/671.

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Deep neck spaces are regions of loose connective tissue present between three layers of deep cervical fascia, namely, superficial, middle, and deep layers. The investing layer is the superficial layer, the pre-tracheal layer is the intermediate layer, and the prevertebral layer is the deep layer. Deep neck space infection (DNI) is defined as an infection in the potential spaces and actual fascial planes of the neck. Spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries. These deep neck spaces may be further classified into 3 anatomic groups, relative to the hyoid bone: Those located above the level of the hyoid, those that involve the entire length of the neck, those located below the level of hyoid. The patterns of infection may include abscess formation, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Antibiotics and surgical drainage form the mainstay of treatment. There are some spaces in the neck present between these layers of deep cervical fascia. These deep neck spaces are filled with loose connective tissue. Deep neck space infection involves the spaces and fascial planes of the neck. Spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries after overcoming the natural resistance of the fascial planes. With relation to the hyoid bone, these deep neck spaces are further classified as follows: 1. Spaces above the level of the hyoid bone (peritonsillar, submandibular, parapharyngeal, masticator, buccal, and parotid spaces). 2. Spaces that involve the entire length of the neck (retropharyngeal, prevertebral, and carotid spaces). 3. Spaces located below the level of hyoid bone (anterior visceral or pre - tracheal space). Infection may present either as abscess, cellulitis, or necrotizing fasciitis. The mainstay of the management are antibiotics and surgical drainage.
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Hashem, Ahmed M., Rebecca W. Knackstedt, Steven Bernard, Mark Hendrickson, Jennifer M. McBride, and Risal Djohan. "Variations in the origins and absence of the common digital arteries of the hand: a cadaveric study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 10 (March 20, 2018): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418764289.

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We studied anomalies of the common digital arteries by dissecting 33 fresh cadaver hands under magnification. In the majority of the dissected hands (25 hands), common digital arteries took off from the superficial palmar arch and ran superficial and parallel to the flexor tendons. Variations were found in eight out of 33 hands. In four hands the common digital artery to the second web space was replaced by an atypical vessel, originating from the deep palmar arch, that crossed posterior to the index flexor tendons proximal to the A1 pulley. In eight hands, the common digital artery to the fourth web space was replaced by an atypical deeper vessel, originating from the superficial palmar arch and crossing posterior to the little finger flexors. No nerve anomalies were identified. Unrecognized, these atypical arteries to the second and/or fourth web spaces could lead to vascular complications during surgery, especially pollicization.
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Brown, David L., and Kevin C. Chung. "Quadrangular Space Syndrome Associated With Superficial Radial Sensory Neuropathy." Annals of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 2 (August 1999): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199902000-00019.

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Brown, David L., and Kevin C. Chung. "Quadrangular Space Syndrome Associated With Superficial Radial Sensory Neuropathy." Annals of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 2 (August 1999): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199908000-00019.

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Brown, David L., and Kevin C. Chung. "Quadrangular Space Syndrome Associated With Superficial Radial Sensory Neuropathy." Annals of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 2 (August 1999): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199943020-00019.

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Narayana, Mada Lakshmi, Urvashi Gaur, N. Reddy Chaithanya, and Addanki Lakshmi Sravani. "A rare case of temporal and infratemporal space abscess secondary to masseteric space infection." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200156.

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Abscess in the temporal and infratemporal space are very rare. They develop as a result of the extraction of infected maxillary molars. Temporal space infections or abscess can be seen in the superficial or deep temporal regions. A 27-year-old lady who had undergone extraction of 2nd mandibular molar five days ago came with complaints of painful swelling over left cheek and restricted mouth opening. On examination, an ill-defined diffuse parotid swelling was seen and treated with empirical antibiotics for which patient didn't respond. On examination, a diffuse hourglass swelling was seen extending from left parotid region to temporal region. CT scan revealed a bulky parotid gland with abscess involving parotid, masticator, infratemporal and temporal scalp region with reactive cervical lymphadenopathy on the left side. Surgical drainage of the abscess was done from the temporal space; subsequently, all other space abscess resolved. On conclusion, masseteric space infection leads to infratemporal and temporal space abscess as they communicate. Drainage of abscess from temporal space is adequate to resolve the abscess from other masticator spaces.
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S. U., Arrvinthan. "Retrograde Spread of Buccal Space Infection into Temporal Space with Temporal Muscle Necrosis in a Medically Compromised Patient - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (September 13, 2021): 3301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/689.

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Superficial temporal space lies between the temporal fasciae. Abscess in the temporal and infratemporal space is very rare. They develop as a result of the extraction of infected maxillary molars. Temporal space infections or abscesses can be seen in the superficial or deep temporal regions. A 65 - year - old male patient reported with a complaint of painful swelling over the right cheek and restricted mouth opening with a history of extraction of second mandibular molar before four weeks. On examination, an ill-defined diffuse swelling was seen. Treatment was started with IV empirical antibiotics and planned for surgical drainage. Surgical drainage of the abscess in the temporal space was done along with debridement of the necrosed temporalis muscle. Infections of the maxillofacial region are of great significance to general dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. They are of clinical importance as they are commonly encountered, and are also challenging as timely intervention is needed to prevent fatal complications. The infections arising from the tooth are initially confined to the alveolar bone and surrounding periosteum. They spread along the path of the least resistance to the cortical plates. Once the infection penetrates the cortical plates, they reach the muscle plane.1 If the infection perforated is above the muscle attachments, it’s confined to an intraoral abscess. If the cortical plates are perforated below the muscular attachments, extraoral swelling develops. The next barrier is the periosteum which is strong and elastic in nature. Once the periosteum is breached, infections reach the soft tissue planes, the fascia. Most of the infections are confined to a particular space and the surrounding fascia. Based on the toxins produced by the microorganisms, the infection can spread to adjacent spaces and even retrograde. Common deep space infections are Ludwig's angina followed by peritonsillar, submandibular, and parotid abscesses. 2 Infratemporal and temporal space infections are rarely compared to other deep space infections. Many etiological factors form the base for the infections of deep spaces, dental caries, extraction of infected, non-infected tooth maxillary sinusitis, tonsillitis, maxillary sinus fracture, temporomandibular arthroscopy, drug-induced infections. Infections of odontogenic origin, spreading along infratemporal and temporal space are most common with maxillary molars followed by mandibular molars. We report a case of retrograde spread of buccal space infection into temporal space secondary to mandibular tooth extraction.
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S. U., Arrvinthan, Lokesh Bhanumurthy, Jimson Samson, and Anandh Balasubramanian. "Retrograde Spread of Buccal Space Infection into Temporal Space with Temporal Muscle Necrosis in a Medically Compromised Patient - A Case Report." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (September 13, 2021): 3301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/669.

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Superficial temporal space lies between the temporal fasciae. Abscess in the temporal and infratemporal space is very rare. They develop as a result of the extraction of infected maxillary molars. Temporal space infections or abscesses can be seen in the superficial or deep temporal regions. A 65 - year - old male patient reported with a complaint of painful swelling over the right cheek and restricted mouth opening with a history of extraction of second mandibular molar before four weeks. On examination, an ill-defined diffuse swelling was seen. Treatment was started with IV empirical antibiotics and planned for surgical drainage. Surgical drainage of the abscess in the temporal space was done along with debridement of the necrosed temporalis muscle. Infections of the maxillofacial region are of great significance to general dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. They are of clinical importance as they are commonly encountered, and are also challenging as timely intervention is needed to prevent fatal complications. The infections arising from the tooth are initially confined to the alveolar bone and surrounding periosteum. They spread along the path of the least resistance to the cortical plates. Once the infection penetrates the cortical plates, they reach the muscle plane.1 If the infection perforated is above the muscle attachments, it’s confined to an intraoral abscess. If the cortical plates are perforated below the muscular attachments, extraoral swelling develops. The next barrier is the periosteum which is strong and elastic in nature. Once the periosteum is breached, infections reach the soft tissue planes, the fascia. Most of the infections are confined to a particular space and the surrounding fascia. Based on the toxins produced by the microorganisms, the infection can spread to adjacent spaces and even retrograde. Common deep space infections are Ludwig's angina followed by peritonsillar, submandibular, and parotid abscesses. 2 Infratemporal and temporal space infections are rarely compared to other deep space infections. Many etiological factors form the base for the infections of deep spaces, dental caries, extraction of infected, non-infected tooth maxillary sinusitis, tonsillitis, maxillary sinus fracture, temporomandibular arthroscopy, drug-induced infections. Infections of odontogenic origin, spreading along infratemporal and temporal space are most common with maxillary molars followed by mandibular molars. We report a case of retrograde spread of buccal space infection into temporal space secondary to mandibular tooth extraction.
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Néda, Zoltán. "The Space-time of Physics: a Kinetic Space." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2019-0002.

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Abstract In his article “The Space-time of Physics: a Kinetic Space” Zoltán Néda reveals why is there a lot of confusion concerning the space-time of modern physics. These concepts are used routinely, but if we dig in deeply, finally we have to recognize that usually our knowledge is rather superficial and limited. The logic on which space and time is constructed in physics is an interesting and enlightening story, in which light plays an import role. The space-time of physics is tailored on light, it is built by using the propagation properties of light rays. In such view, it is a kinetic space. The author presents the logic of this construction in a concise and non-technical manner, so that readers without any mathematical background can also enjoy it.
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Guyon, Xavier, and Olivier Perrin. "Identification of space deformation using linear and superficial quadratic variations." Statistics & Probability Letters 47, no. 3 (April 2000): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7152(99)00171-6.

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Kotsarenko, N. Ya, S. V. Koshevaya, and A. N. Kotsarenko. "Dusty plasma in space." Geofísica Internacional 37, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1998.37.2.396.

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Intensos estudios de la física de plasmas realizados desde hace alrededor de 10 años han visto el surgimiento de una nueva línea de investigación: la física de plasmas polvosos, que consisten de electrones, iones y partículas de polvo cargadas. Se observan en varios medios astrofísicos como nebulosas, colas cometarias, anillos planetarios, ionosferas planetarias, etc. La presencia de partículas de polvo pesadas y cargadas puede influenciar significativamente varios parámetros del plasma al crear, por ejemplo, estructuras en su interior en un rango muy amplio de cientos a decenas de millones de kilómetros. En este trabajo presentamos una revisión y un análisis del espectro del volumen y ondas superficiales, estabilidades y solitones en un plasma polvoso.
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21

Chen, Xue Qing, and Lei Tong. "Study on Flow Patterns and Separation Performance of Liquid-Gas Separator Units." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.919.

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Three liquid-gas separator units were designed and manufactured from transparent acrylic resin based on the concept of a new kind of validated high performance condenser. The separator units had different spaces between baffle and outlet arm or different header diameters. A visualization cold state test system was set up to explore the basic principle of liquid-gas separation and liquid discharge process, using air and water as the working fluids. Four kinds of liquid flow patterns were observed by the liquid staining and high-speed photography at inlet air superficial velocities from 1m/s to 15m/s and water superficial velocities from 0.0015m/s to 0.06m/s. The effects of operation conditions and structure parameters on the separation efficiency of the liquid-gas separator units were investigated. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, the separation efficiency was more than 70%, the separation efficiency could be improved by increasing the space between baffle and outlet arm as well as the header diameter.
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Ahmad, Shabi, Abhinav Agrawal, Shivam Madeshiya, Roshni Khan, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Evaluation of various pre and postoperative parameters associated with types of surgical site infections in abdominal surgeries." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20190016.

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Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) contributing to substantial rate of mortality, significant morbidity, considerable prolongation in length of hospitalization and added treatment expenses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified Surgical site infections (SSI) into superficial, deep, or organ/space SSIs. The objective of study was to evaluate pattern of surgical site infection in various abdominal surgeries.Methods: All patients who admitted in surgical OPD/emergency and undergoing abdominal surgical procedures were included in study. Patients were observed in wards and during follow up to assess signs and symptoms of surgical site infection.Results: Result were analysed in terms of etiology, distribution of cases based on case scenario, wound type, clinical features, number of re-explorations done after development of SSI, type of surgery (laparoscopic v/s open), type of organisms cultured, mortality, co-morbid condition, number of extra days in hospital after SSI and average amount spent after SSI.Conclusions: Surgical site infection is associated with high incidence of morbidity in terms of treatment cost and hospital stay. Average hospital stay, expenditure, co-morbidities and mortality were more in organ/space SSI. Superficial SSI is most common in both laparoscopy and open procedures. Deep and organ/space SSI not seen with laparoscopy. Superficial SSI were more common in clean and clean contaminated cases while superficial SSI was more common in contaminated and dirty cases. In superficial and deep SSI staphylococcus aureus was more common whereas in organ/space SSI E. coli and pseudomonas were common bacterial isolates.
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Maharaj, Shivesh, Sumaya Ahmed, and Preba Pillay. "Deep Neck Space Infections: A Case Series and Review of the Literature." Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat 12 (January 2019): 117955061987127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179550619871274.

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Deep neck spaces are regions of loose connective tissue filling areas between the 3 layers of deep cervical fascia, namely, superficial, middle, and deep layers. The superficial layer is the investing layer, The pretracheal layer is the intermediate layer and the prevertebral layer is the deepest layer. Deep neck space infection (DNI) is defined as an infection in the potential spaces and actual fascial planes of the neck. Once the natural resistance of fascial planes is overcome, spread of infection occurs along communicating fascial boundaries. More recent trends include the increasing prevalence of resistant bacterial strains, a decline in DNIs caused by pharyngitis or tonsillitis, and a relative increase in DNIs of odontogenic origin. Most DNIs are polymicrobial. Only 5% are purely aerobic and 25% with isolated anaerobes. The epidemiology of DNIs needs to be monitored for changing trends and the impact of underlying host immunity and developing microbial multidrug resistance is established. Surveillance at laboratory level should include mandatory susceptibility testing of all empiric antibiotics against microbes commonly identified in adult DNI microscopy, culture, and sensitivity (MC&S) specimens. The role of susceptibility testing of microbes not commonly identified in adult DNI MC&S specimens needs further review, on a clinical case-by-case basis.
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Laurencin, Cato T., Michael Bain, James J. Yue, and Hyman Glick. "Schwannoma of the superficial peroneal nerve presenting as web space pain." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 34, no. 6 (November 1995): 532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1067-2516(09)80072-0.

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Lawson, Elise H., Bruce Lee Hall, and Clifford Y. Ko. "Risk Factors for Superficial vs Deep/Organ-Space Surgical Site Infections." JAMA Surgery 148, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2013.2925.

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Lieber, Bryan A., Geoffrey Appelboom, Blake E. Taylor, Franklin D. Lowy, Eliza M. Bruce, Adam M. Sonabend, Christopher Kellner, E. Sander Connolly, and Jeffrey N. Bruce. "Preoperative chemotherapy and corticosteroids: independent predictors of cranial surgical-site infections." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 1 (July 2016): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.4.jns142719.

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OBJECT Preoperative corticosteroids and chemotherapy are frequently prescribed for patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery but may pose a risk of postoperative infection. Postoperative surgical-site infections (SSIs) have significant morbidity and mortality, dramatically increase the length and cost of hospitalization, and are a major cause of 30-day readmission. In patients undergoing cranial neurosurgery, there is a lack of data on the role of patient-specific risk factors in the development of SSIs. The authors of this study sought to determine whether chemotherapy and prolonged steroid use before surgery increase the risk of an SSI at postoperative Day 30. METHODS Using the national prospectively collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database for 2006–2012, the authors calculated the rates of superficial, deep-incisional, and organ-space SSIs at postoperative Day 30 for neurosurgery patients who had undergone chemotherapy or had significant steroid use within 30 days before undergoing cranial surgery. Trauma patients, patients younger than 18 years, and patients with a preoperative infection were excluded. Univariate analysis was performed for 25 variables considered risk factors for superficial and organ-space SSIs. To identify independent predictors of SSIs, the authors then conducted a multivariate analysis in which they controlled for duration of operation, wound class, white blood cell count, and other potential confounders that were significant on the univariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 8215 patients who had undergone cranial surgery were identified. There were 158 SSIs at 30 days (frequency 1.92%), of which 52 were superficial, 27 were deep-incisional, and 79 were organ-space infections. Preoperative chemotherapy was an independent predictor of organ-space SSIs in the multivariate model (OR 5.20, 95% CI 2.33–11.62, p < 0.0001), as was corticosteroid use (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.03–3.37, p = 0.04), but neither was a predictor of superficial or deep-incisional SSIs. Other independent predictors of organ-space SSIs were longer duration of operation (OR 1.16), wound class of ≥ 2 (clean-contaminated and further contaminated) (OR 3.17), and morbid obesity (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2) (OR 3.05). Among superficial SSIs, wound class of 3 (contaminated) (OR 6.89), operative duration (OR 1.13), and infratentorial surgical approach (OR 2.20) were predictors. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative chemotherapy and corticosteroid use are independent predictors of organ-space SSIs, even when data are controlled for leukopenia. This indicates that the disease process in organ-space SSIs may differ from that in superficial SSIs. In effect, this study provides one of the largest analyses of risk factors for SSIs after cranial surgery. The results suggest that, in certain circumstances, modulation of preoperative chemotherapy or steroid regimens may reduce the risk of organ-space SSIs and should be considered in the preoperative care of this population. Future studies are needed to determine optimal timing and dosing of these medications.
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Natori, Yoichiro, Rawan Kassar, Aled Iaboni, Seyed M. Hosseini-Moghaddam, James Vu, Shahid Husain, Eberhard L. Renner, David Grant, and Coleman Rotstein. "Surgical Site Infections After Liver Transplantation: Prospective Surveillance and Evaluation of 250 Transplant Recipients in Canada." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 9 (July 11, 2017): 1084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.131.

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OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in a cohort of liver transplant recipients and to assess risk factors predisposing patients to these infections.DESIGNProspective observational cohort study.SETTINGSingle transplant center in Canada.PATIENTSPatients who underwent liver transplantation between February 2011 and August 2014.METHODSMultivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for SSIs in liver transplant patients.RESULTSWe enrolled 250 liver transplant recipients. The recipients’ median age at the time of transplantation was 56 years (range, 19–70 years), and 166 patients (66.4%) were male. Moreover, 47 SSIs were documented in 43 patients (17.2%). Organ-space, superficial, and deep SSIs were noted in 29, 7, and 3 patients, respectively. In addition, 2 patients developed superficial and organ-space SSIs, and another 2 patients were found to have deep as well as organ-space infections. In total, we identified 33 organ-space SSIs (70.2%), 9 superficial SSIs (19.1%), and 5 deep SSIs (10.6%). Factors predictive of SSIs by multivariate analysis were duct-to-duct anastomosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% CI, 1.85–8.13; P<.001) and dialysis (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.02–12.50; P=.046). Of the 66 organisms isolated in both deep and organ-space SSIs, 55 (83%) were resistant to cefazolin.CONCLUSIONSOrgan-space SSIs are a common complication after liver transplantation. Duct-to-duct anastomosis and dialysis were independent risk factors associated with SSIs. Appropriate perioperative prophylaxis targeting patients with duct-to-duct anastomosis and dialysis while simultaneously providing optimum coverage for the potential pathogens causing SSIs is warranted.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1084–1090
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S. AGBANI, Bienvenu, Sylvain A. VISSOH, Toundé Roméo Gislain KADJEGBIN, and Léon Bani BIO BIGOU. "Gestion Des Espaces Verts Dans La Ville De Cotonou Au Sud Du Benin: Etat Des Lieux Et Perspectives." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v25.1.2812.

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Résumé :La ville de Cotonou, capitale économique du Bénin, s’est développée au détriment des espaces verts. Or ceux-ci sont essentiels pour assurer une bonne qualité de vie et l’épanouissement des citadins. La présente recherche a pour objectif de recenser les espaces verts publics de la ville de Cotonou et d’analyser leurs modes de gestion.La méthode des itinéraires a été utilisée pour retrouver les espaces verts dont la liste a été obtenue à la Mairie de Cotonou. Pour chaque espace vert public retrouvé, il a été procédé à son géo-référencement (tracking), la détermination de sa superficie ainsi qu’à son classement.Les résultats montrent que la ville de Cotonou dispose de 70 espaces verts dont 44 sont linéaires et 26 sont polygonaux (ronds-points, jardins, squares, etc.). Les espaces verts linéaires font 63,291 km de long et ceux polygonaux ont une superficie totale de 109579,61 m2. Nonobstant leur faible importance, les espaces verts de la ville de Cotonou abritent une multitude d’espèces végétales. Il importe donc que les autorités municipales accordent beaucoup plus d’intérêt aux espaces verts publics (jardins, parcs, squares, etc.) dans les futurs plans de développement urbain afin d’accroitre l’esthétique de la ville. Mots clés : Ville de Cotonou, espaces verts, croissance urbaine, développement municipal. AbstractThe city of Cotonou, the economic capital of Benin, has developed at the expense of green spaces. However, these are essential to ensure a good quality of life and the development of city dwellers. The objective of this research is to identify the public green spaces in the city of Cotonou and to analyze their management methods.The route method was used to find the green spaces the list of which was obtained from the Cotonou Town Hall. For each public green space found, it was geo-referenced (tracking), its area determined as well as its classification.The results show that the city of Cotonou has 70 green spaces of which 44 are linear and 26 are polygonal (roundabouts, gardens, squares, etc.). The linear green spaces are 63.291 km long and the polygonal ones have a total area of 109,579.61 m2. Notwithstanding their small importance, the green spaces of the city of Cotonou are home to a multitude of plant species. It is therefore important that municipal authorities pay much more attention to public green spaces (gardens, parks, squares, etc.) in future urban development plans in order to enhance the aesthetics of the city.Keywords: City of Cotonou, green spaces, urban growth, municipal development
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Singh, Vivek, Bijay KC, Ritesh Giri, and Prachi Bhagat. "Use of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Submandibular and Submental Space Abscess Drainage." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v4i3.27031.

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Introduction: Methods for lessening the sensation of pain during surgery date back to ancient times. Although general anesthesia is preferred over locoregional anesthesia in incision and drainage of space infection in neck region, it is expensive, with increased morbidity and mortality. Sometimes, anesthetist experienced in fiber optic-guided nasal intubation may be required due to reduced mouth opening. Hence, in such cases and poor risk patients, Superficial Cervical Plexus Block can be used in association with trigeminal V3 local anesthesia. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in incision and drainage of submandibular and submental space infection. Methodology: A prospective clinical study was carried out at Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from June 2018 to May 2019 suffering from submandibular and submental space infection arising from odontogenic causes who required incision and drainage. Pain response was measured using Visual Analogue Scale. Result: Out of Twenty four patients sixteen were female and 8 were male. The age ranged from 16 to 82 years with a mean age of 40.5±18.53. The Visual Analogue Scale score ranged from 0 to 8 with a mean score of 1.5 ±1.87. One patient complained of unbearable pain and had to be converted into general anesthesia (4.16%). Conclusion: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block with trigeminal mandibular local anesthesia has a high success rate, low complication rate, and high patient acceptance rate. However, caution should be exercised to ensure a low complication rate.
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Djukic, V. B., J. P. Milovanovic, A. P. Milovanovic, P. D. Stankovic, B. M. Pavlovic, M. M. Folic, and S. R. Blazic. "European laryngological society propose four types endoscopic supraglottic laryngectomy." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 56, no. 3 (2009): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0903085d.

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The limited excision addresses small superficial lesions affecting free edge of the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic fold or the superior edge of the arytenoid. The median supraglottic laryngectomy excluding the pre-epiglottic space addresses small superficial T1 lesions of the endolaryngeal epiglottis. The incision line extends to the pre-epiglottic space but does not aim at removing the pre-epiglottic space entirely. The pharyngo-epiglottic folds, aryepiglottic folds, and ventricular folds are preserved. The median supraglottic laryngectomy including the pre-epiglottic space addresses T1 and T2 lesions of the endolaryngeal epiglottis. The entire pre-epiglottic space is removed as far as possible. Depending on extent of the lesion, the resection can include one or two ventricular bands and the aryepiglottic folds. The lateral supraglottic laryngectomy addresses lesions affecting the three folds or T1 and T2 lesions of the aryepiglottic fold. The procedure removes free edge of the epiglottis ipsilateral to the lesion, the area of the three folds and the aryepiglottic fold. The resection can include the inner wall and anterior angle og the pyriform sinus, the entire ventricular fold and the arytenoid (provided it is mobile).
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Carvalho, Magno Ricardo Silva de. "AS CENTRALIDADES E OS NOVOS ESPAÇOS DE CONSUMO EM UMA CIDADE MÉDIA AMAZÔNICA: hipermercado e supermercados em Marabá-PA." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 17 (December 30, 2019): 11790. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.2019.11790.

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THE CENTRALITIES AND THE NEW CONSUMPTION SPACES IN AN AVERAGE AMAZON CITY: hypermarket and supermarkets in Marabá-PALAS CENTRALIDADES Y LOS NUEVOS ESPACIOS DE CONSUMO EN UNA CIUDAD MEDIA DE AMAZON: hipermercado y supermercados en Marabá-PARESUMOO principal objetivo do texto é colocar para o debate a condição dessa cidade amazônica como possuidora de distintas expressões de centralidade, bem como visualizar algumas mudanças no espaço urbano concernente ao comércio e, consequentemente, às próprias centralidades. O percurso metodológico aqui adotado consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos temas e processos selecionados para análise, através de autores como Sposito (1998, 2012), Sposito e Sposito (2017), Villaça (2001), Oliveira Júnior (2010, 2011), Silva (2003), Pereira (2013), Souza et al. (2013, 2014), Souza (2015), Becker (1990), Trindade Júnior et al. (2010), entre outros. Foram, ainda, utilizados recursos cartográficos no intuito de melhor visualizar e compreender as transformações espaciais. Foi possível compreender que a cidade de Marabá se apresenta enquanto multicêntrica desde outros momentos de sua história, e que isso está diretamente relacionado com o fato de ser esta também multinucleada, e que essa morfologia urbana, com núcleos distintos e descontínuos, também não é atribuída a processos recentes. Também foi possível visualizar algumas mudanças que julgamos importantes para uma leitura das centralidades no espaço da cidade, no que tange ao setor supermercadista, como o fato de, atualmente, a maioria dessas superfícies comerciais estarem às margens da rodovia, principalmente da Rodovia Transamazônica, e não nas “antigas” áreas centrais ou comerciais da cidade, além de uma significativa mudança no que concerne a origem do capital, onde percebe-se uma substituição de grandes lojas de grupos locais por outras de capital regional, nacional e até internacional.Palavras-chave: Marabá. Espaços de consumo. Centralidades. Supermercados.ABSTRACTThe main objective of the text is to debate the condition of this Amazonian city as having distinct expressions of centrality, as well as to visualize some changes in the urban space in relation to commerce and, consequently, to the centralities themselves. The methodological approach adopted here consisted of a literature review about the themes and processes selected for analysis, through authors such as Sposito (1998, 2012), Sposito e Sposito (2017), Villaça (2001), Oliveira Júnior (2010, 2011), Silva (2003), Pereira (2013), Souza et al. (2013, 2014), Souza (2015), Becker (1990), Trindade Júnior et al. (2010), among others. Cartographic resources were also used to better visualize and understand spatial transformations. We have come to the conclusion that the city of Marabá has been a multicenter for a long time in its history, and that this is directly related to the fact that it is also multinucleated, and that this urban morphology with distinct and discontinuous nuclei is not attributed to recent processes either. It was also possible to visualize some changes that we consider important for a reading of the centralities in the city space, with regard to the supermarket sector, such as the fact that, today, most of these commercial surfaces being on the banks of the highway, mainly from the Transamazon Highway, and not in the “old” central or commercial areas of the city, in addition to a significant change in the origin of capital, where there is a substitution of large stores of local groups for those of regional, national and even international capital.Keywords: Marabá. Consumption spaces. Centralities. Supermarkets.RESUMENEl principal objetivo del texto es poner al debate la condición de este espacio urbano de la Amazônia como una ciudad que tiene diferentes expresiones de centralidad, bien como ver algunos cambios en el espacio urbano concernente al comercio y en consecuencia, a las proprias centralidades. El curso metodológico adoptado aqui consistió en una revisión bibliográfica acerca de los temas y procesos elegidos para análisis, utilizando autores como Sposito (1998, 2012), Sposito y Sposito (2017), Villaça (2001), Oliveira Júnior (2010, 2011), Silva (2003), Pereira (2013), Souza et al. (2013, 2014), Souza (2015), Becker (1990), Trindade Jr. et al. (2010), entre otros. Fueron, todavía, utilizados recursos cartográficos con el fin de mejor visualizar y entender las transformaciones espaciales. Se pudo entender que la ciudad de Marabá se presenta como ciudad multicéntrica de otros momentos de su historia, y que esta multiplicidad de expresiones de centralidad está directamente relacionada con el hecho de esta ser también multinucleada, y que esta morfología urbana, con núcleos distintos y descontinuos, no es atribuida a procesos recientes. También fue posible ver algunos cambios que juzgamos importante para una lectura de las centralidades en el espacio de la ciudad, en lo que concierne al sector de supermercados, como el hecho de, actualmente, la mayoría de estas superficies comerciales estar en los márgenes de la carretera, principalmente de la carretera Transamazônica, e no en el “viejos centros” de la ciudad, además de un significativo cambio en lo que concierne al origen del capital, donde se percebe una sustitución de grandes tiendas de grupos locales por otras de capital regional, nacional e incluso internacional.Palabras clave: Marabá. Espacios de consumo. Centralidades. Supermercados.
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32

Tosaka, Masahiko. "Letter to the Editor. Double-crescent sign and superficial subarachnoid CSF space expansion." Journal of Neurosurgery 133, no. 2 (August 2020): 607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.2.jns20569.

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33

Fadayomi, A., G. Kasumova, O. Tabatabaie, S. de Geus, T. Kent, S. Ng, A. Moser, M. Callery, S. Ashley, and J. Tseng. "Unique predictors of superficial and deep/organ space surgical site infections in pancreatectomy." HPB 19 (April 2017): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2017.02.090.

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34

Madorsky, Simon J., and Glenn R. Allison. "Management of buccal space tumors by rhytidectomy approach with superficial musculoaponeurotic system reconstruction." American Journal of Otolaryngology 20, no. 1 (January 1999): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0709(99)90051-0.

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35

Peleg, Michael, Zahava Heyman, Leon Ardekian, and Shlomo Taicher. "The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for superficial fascial space infections." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 10 (October 1998): 1129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90751-0.

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36

Pogrel, M. Anthony. "The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for superficial fascial space infections." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 10 (October 1998): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90752-2.

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37

Mukhi, PravinU, and UmaR Mahindra. "The use of ultrasonography in diagnosis and management of superficial fascial space infections." Indian Journal of Dental Research 23, no. 3 (2012): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.102211.

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38

Tosaka, Masahiko, Yoshito Tsushima, Saiko Watanabe, Kazuya Sakamoto, Masahiko Yodonawa, Hideo Kunimine, Haruyasu Fujita, and Takashi Fujii. "Superficial subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid space expansion after surgical drainage of chronic subdural hematoma." Acta Neurochirurgica 157, no. 7 (May 7, 2015): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2435-3.

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39

Cohn, Jason E., Tyler Pion, and Timothy M. Greco. "“Not Above, Not Below: Right in the Middle!”—Novel Filler Technique for Temporal Augmentation and Rejuvenation." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 05 (May 22, 2020): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709710.

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AbstractThe temporal region is challenging to treat due to its thin skin, which has the propensity toward showing irregularities. The literature on temporal hollowing augmentation suggests placing the filler either into the subcutaneous space or within the temporalis muscle. However, these techniques have been based upon opinion rather than supporting anatomical and clinical data. We introduce a novel injection technique to avoid complications and achieve lasting results. This novel technique was confirmed with a cadaver model, in vivo model, and application to a human subject. The anatomical layers of the temporal region were highlighted: the skin, subcutaneous tissue, temporoparietal fascia (superficial temporal fascia), deep temporal fascia, superficial temporal fat pad, and temporalis muscle. Particular emphasis was placed on identifying the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery to avoid vascular complications. We believe the potential space between the temporoparietal fascia and the deep temporalis fascia is the safest, most efficacious plane to inject the temporal region with a 27-gauge cannula. Our future goal is to recruit and present a larger series of patients receiving this injection.
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40

Omichi, R., S. Kariya, Y. Maeda, and K. Nishizaki. "Cochlear implantation is a therapeutic option for superficial siderosis patients with sensorineural hearing loss." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 4 (February 9, 2016): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116000335.

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AbstractBackground:Superficial siderosis is a rare disease that results from chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. Haemosiderin deposits throughout the subpial layers of the brain and spinal cord lead to progressive sensorineural hearing loss, which is seen in 95 per cent of patients with superficial siderosis. The impact of cochlear implantation on the quality of life of superficial siderosis patients is under debate.Case report:A 38-year-old male with superficial siderosis presented with bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss. The patient underwent cochlear implantation and his quality of life was improved as evaluated by the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit inventory.Conclusion:The remarkable improvement in Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit scores shown in this study indicates that cochlear implantation leads to a better quality of life in superficial siderosis patients.
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Ahmadian, Amir, Jotham Manwaring, Devon Truong, Jeane McCarthy, Luis F. Rodriguez, Carolyn M. Carey, and Gerald F. Tuite. "Accidental intracranial infusion of parenteral nutrition in a preterm neonate." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 16, no. 4 (October 2015): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.3.peds1334.

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Vascular access in the neonate can be challenging, especially in preterm infants. When other access is not available, superficial scalp veins can be safely used for vascular access. However, rare and potentially catastrophic complications can occur due to unique features of the neonatal skull and soft-tissue anatomy. The authors report a rare complication of vascular access in a preterm infant, which led to the direct infusion of parenteral nutrition into the intracranial space. The child had an excellent outcome after open drainage and irrigation of bilateral intracranial spaces and the spinal thecal sac. Relevant anatomy is illustrated, and an outcome-based literature review is presented on this rarely reported condition. Surgical and conservative management strategies are discussed, along with clinical and radiographic follow-up. Drainage and irrigation is advocated in patients with mass effect, viscous effusions, or declining neurological examination findings.
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Yokosuka, Junichi, Keisuke Takai, Takashi Komori, and Makoto Taniguchi. "Superficial siderosis: bleeding from the bone marrow after laminectomy for spinal tumor removal." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 6 (December 2014): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.8.spine13328.

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Superficial siderosis of the CNS is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of hemosiderin in the subpial layers of the CNS as the result of chronic subarachnoid bleeding. The arrest of bleeding is important for preventing the progression of this disease; however, the exact source of bleeding remains unknown in most cases because of a lack of objective surgical data. The authors of this report have described a unique case of superficial siderosis following cervical laminectomy and autograft fusion for the removal of a spinal schwannoma; the bleeding source was verified by intraoperative and histopathological findings. The patient exhibited no obvious neurological deficits, such as hearing loss or cerebellar ataxia, when the superficial siderosis was diagnosed, although there were the social impairments associated with schizophrenia. During repair surgery, the bleeding source was revealed as the bone marrow vasculature of the remaining vertebral arch, and not the fragile vessels at the dural defect or the residual tumor. Chronic bleeding was stopped before the onset of irreversible neurological deficits in this case. Bone marrow exposed to the intrathecal space may represent a chronic bleeding source in patients with superficial siderosis following CNS surgery including laminectomy or craniotomy. The following recommendations have been proposed for superficial siderosis of the CNS from both a preventative and a therapeutic perspective: 1) During CNS surgery, neurosurgeons should make every effort to prevent exposing bone marrow to the intrathecal space to avoid the risk of chronic subarachnoid bleeding. 2) In the case of a large dural defect and pseudomeningocele following CNS surgery, bone marrow around the dural defect should be considered as the bleeding source of superficial siderosis, and such cases should undergo revision surgery before the progression of this disease.
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Hervant, Frédéric. "Réponses et adaptationsà l'hypoxie sévère chez des crustacés souterrains et superficiels." Geobios 30 (January 1997): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(97)80072-1.

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44

Gasiunas, V., S. Valbuena, P. Valenti, and D. Le Viet. "Volar perforators of common digital arteries: an anatomical study." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 40, no. 3 (March 24, 2014): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193414528847.

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The palmar triangle is an area vascularized by perforator arteries arising from the common digital palmar arteries. The aim of this article was to perform an anatomical study of common digital palmar arteries perforators. Twelve injected specimens were included in this study. The purpose was to quantify the number of perforator arteries of each common digital palmar arteries in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intermetacarpal space, measure distances between them, between the distal perforator and corresponding commissure, and the distance between the proximal perforator and the superficial palmar arch. Four to eight perforators were arising from common digital palmar arteries of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intermetacarpal space. The average distance between perforator arteries was 6.5 mm, between superficial palmar arch and proximal perforator artery – 8.2 mm, between the distal perforator artery and corresponding commissure – 6.3 mm.
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45

Sridharan, Devarajan, Kwabena Boahen, and Eric I. Knudsen. "Space coding by gamma oscillations in the barn owl optic tectum." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00965.2010.

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Gamma-band (25–140 Hz) oscillations of the local field potential (LFP) are evoked by sensory stimuli in the mammalian forebrain and may be strongly modulated in amplitude when animals attend to these stimuli. The optic tectum (OT) is a midbrain structure known to contribute to multimodal sensory processing, gaze control, and attention. We found that presentation of spatially localized stimuli, either visual or auditory, evoked robust gamma oscillations with distinctive properties in the superficial (visual) layers and in the deep (multimodal) layers of the owl's OT. Across layers, gamma power was tuned sharply for stimulus location and represented space topographically. In the superficial layers, induced LFP power peaked strongly in the low-gamma band (25–90 Hz) and increased gradually with visual contrast across a wide range of contrasts. Spikes recorded in these layers included presumptive axonal (input) spikes that encoded stimulus properties nearly identically with gamma oscillations and were tightly phase locked with the oscillations, suggesting that they contribute to the LFP oscillations. In the deep layers, induced LFP power was distributed across the low and high (90–140 Hz) gamma-bands and tended to reach its maximum value at relatively low visual contrasts. In these layers, gamma power was more sharply tuned for stimulus location, on average, than were somatic spike rates, and somatic spikes synchronized with gamma oscillations. Such gamma synchronized discharges of deep-layer neurons could provide a high-resolution temporal code for signaling the location of salient sensory stimuli.
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46

Naik, N., K. Rai, B. P. R. Kumar, B. Jayade, S. Kumar, and A. B. Bipin. "Comparison between clinical and radiographic findings against ultrasonographic findings in superficial fascial space infection." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 36, no. 11 (November 2007): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2007.08.282.

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Edmiston, C. E., A. S. Chitnis, P. Nandwani, B. Chen, C. E. Holy, Z. Huang, and D. J. Leaper. "PSU25 HYSTERECTOMY: RISK AND BURDEN OF POST-SURGICAL ORGAN/SPACE, DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL INFECTION." Value in Health 22 (May 2019): S369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.04.1805.

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48

Asami, Y., Y. Nakamura, Y. Teramoto, S. Sato, T. Imamura, and A. Yamamoto. "Co-existence of Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia in Superficial Skin and the Intermuscular Space." Acta Dermato Venereologica 97, no. 2 (2017): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2508.

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Ishigooka, Manabu, Hiromasa Yaguchi, Tohru Hashimoto, Shinsuke Hayami, Isoji Sasagawa, Teruhiro Nakada, and Katsuyuki Mitobe. "Penile Block via Subpubic Space for Children Who Underwent Superficial Operation of the Penis." Urologia Internationalis 53, no. 3 (1994): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000282657.

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Griffin, Lewis D., and Alan CF Colchester. "Superficial and deep structure in linear diffusion scale space: isophotes, critical points and separatrices." Image and Vision Computing 13, no. 7 (September 1995): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0262-8856(95)91145-4.

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