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1
Khairanisa, Fitria. "Function, Role, Limitation, and Potential of Space Syntax Analysis in Architectural Field." Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 1, no. 2 (2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v1i2.6093.
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This study aims to determine the function, roles, limitations, and potential of spatial configuration analysis with Space Syntax. The development of digital technology affects the development of science, including in the field of architecture. Digital technology is not only a design visualization tool but also a part of the design process and a thinking tool for architects in designing. One of them is the Space Syntax program. Space Syntax is a quantitative analysis tool used to analyze the pattern of relationships between spaces in various forms of architectural space: buildings, cities, interiors, and landscapes. The method used in this research is the literature study method. Data collection techniques are collecting several sources from the internet and journal references that discuss using the Space Syntax program. The results of this study indicate that Space Syntax has a function, roles, limitations, and potential in analyzing architectural space. SpaceSyntax can explore various horizontal space scales, including buildings objects and urban areas. However, the findings show that Space Syntax has limitations. Some studies use a combination of other methods to overcome this limitation. The combination method also raises the potential of Space Syntax as an analysis tool in the architectural field.
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Haq, Saif. "Where We Walk Is What We See: Foundational Concepts and Analytical Techniques of Space Syntax." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586718812436.
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The most difficult issue in writing a methods paper on Space Syntax is that it is not simply a method. It is a theory on which a methodology has been built. In the 40 years since introduction, both its theory and its methods have advanced, including the creation and development of computerized software. Essentially Space Syntax investigates layouts, seen in plan drawings; but this is done from mature theoretical arguments about function in those spaces. While theories of society were at the genesis of Space Syntax, it has branched into cognition, transportation, economics, and so on, and has been used to investigate buildings, cities, and regions. In the last decade or so, Space Syntax has been used in different ways to investigate healthcare facilities. This article concentrates on explaining the analytical techniques of Space Syntax. The theoretical underpinnings are minimally described—just enough for the reader to understand the basis of the methods. All examples provided are based on the same hypothetical hospital floor layout for ease of comprehension and comparison. Also, all Space Syntax concepts are italicized for identification. Since the theoretical aspects are not treated in detail, the reader is advised to pay particular attention to the citations for advanced comprehension. This cannot be overemphasized.
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Leite, Paulo Wladinir da Luz, Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva, Leila Dal Moro, et al. "Space Syntax at Expression of Science on User Flows in Open and Closed Spaces Aimed at Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal: A Review." Architecture 4, no. 1 (2024): 170–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/architecture4010011.
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Space syntax is utilized to model flows through open and closed built environments, which enables project innovation by rethinking the design of spaces on a global scale with better flow quality. Therefore, studies focused on spatial syntax, when related to comprehensive flows in open and closed spaces, provide a holistic and valuable understanding of the dynamics of user flows in the urban environment from a perspective centered on the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. This goal requires urban planners and designers to use approaches that support future decisions focused on urban design and planning. The object of investigation of this bibliographic study consists of an approach to representing space syntax in open spaces and closed spaces on a global scale. This study aims to analyze the concepts of pedestrian flows (open and closed) by a space syntax-based bibliographical approach on a global scale, demonstrating the capability of improvements in SDG 11 as applied to the architecture of sustainable flows. Methodologically, bibliographic searches were carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method in databases linked to Scopus and ScienceDirect, focusing on space syntax in relation to the following terms: “open spaces” and “closed spaces”. Using the PRISMA method, 1986 manuscripts dealing with the term “open spaces” and 454 manuscripts dealing with the term “closed spaces” were identified, with the manuscripts most relevant to the topic being selected, followed by a frequency analysis based on a Content Analysis Method (CAM) to identify words with a degree of similarity, related to “spatial syntax: flow in urban environments” and “spatial syntax in closed built systems” in relation to the SDG 11. The results demonstrate the relevance of seven manuscripts in open spaces and four manuscripts in closed spaces related to space syntax. Frequency analysis identified open spaces and produced terms with frequencies such as space = 79 and shape = 46, showing a higher frequency in flows. In closed spaces, the literature has shown that the central term corresponds to space = 79 and flow = 76, making it possible to evaluate flows in circulation areas within the built environment. This study allows a better understanding of flows, highlighting the importance of the urban architecture in the functionality of user flows in sustainable environments, which is capable of contributing to the SDG 11, in the interface of architectural projects on a global scale.
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Haq, Saif, and Yang Luo. "Space Syntax in Healthcare Facilities Research: A Review." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 5, no. 4 (2012): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758671200500409.
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Space Syntax is a theory and method that has been developing for the last 40 years. Originally conceived as a theory of “society and space,” it has expanded to other areas. An important aspect of this is technical; it allows the quantification of layouts, and unit spaces within a layout, so that the environment itself can produce independent variables in quantitative research. Increasingly, it is being used to study healthcare facilities. Space Syntax has thereby become relevant to healthcare facilities researchers and designers. This paper attempts to explain Space Syntax to a new audience of healthcare designers, administrators, and researchers; it provides a literature review on the use of Space Syntax in healthcare facility research and suggests some possibilities for future application.
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Zhou, Xuan, and Zheng Lu. "The Interpretation of Place Phenomenology Based on Space Syntax Theory." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.422.
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Since earlier linking phenomenology to space syntax by the research of David Simon, studying place image based on phenomenology explanation is always the common focus between space syntax and phenomenology. With the common focus further studied, some issues such as descriptive pattern on place space, place configuration and place sense will be combined with space syntax theory. In this paper, based on the internal relations between space syntax and architectural phenomenology, the mechanism of place description, place configuration and place self-adaptive mechanisms were analyzed by space syntax, and a method also will be presented to interpret place phenomenon by using space syntax.
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Yamu, Claudia, Akkelies van Nes, and Chiara Garau. "Bill Hillier’s Legacy: Space Syntax—A Synopsis of Basic Concepts, Measures, and Empirical Application." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063394.
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Bill Hillier’s space syntax method and theory enables us to describe the spatial properties of a sustainable city. Empirical testing of the space syntax method over time has confirmed the capacity and innovativeness of analyzing spatial relationships with the purpose of understanding and explaining the socio-spatial organization of built environments. However, the conceptual framework of space syntax elements is scattered around in various academic writings. This article, therefore, gives a holistic and compact overview of the various concepts that are used in space syntax, from its basic elements to various analytical techniques and theories. To achieve this compact overview, we reviewed all space syntax literature accessible since the 1970s for finding core references to various concepts used in space syntax. Following a short description of its foundation and evolution through the work of Bill Hillier, we explain its basic concepts and measures in the form of an extended glossary. Explanations are enriched with various space syntax analyses and scenario testing on various scales that were applied to the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. We conclude with a discussion about the advantages and limitations of space syntax and about how this method adds value to the creation of sustainable cities.
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Perkasa Sinambela, Yohannes Putra, Muchlis Alahudin, Biatma Syanjayanta, and Yosi Valentina Simorangkir. "Spatial configuration pattern of Universitas Musamus area using space syntax method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1471, no. 1 (2025): 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1471/1/012017.
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Abstract Universitas Musamus is a public university in Merauke Regency, South Papua Province, and it continues to grow along with the increasing number of activity participants on campus. The university has planned development strategies to accommodate this growth, including the physical development of the area through the construction of circulation networks (motorized and non-motorized), new buildings, and open spaces to accommodate spatial activities. The researcher feels it is necessary to review the existing conditions of the area in terms of spatial quality as a consideration and input for planning and design. The purpose of this study is to understand the configuration of open spaces in the Universitas Musamus area, by examining the value of movement in open spaces (crowd movement) and the zones that provide a good sense of space (crowd density). This study uses a descriptive-quantitative method, supported by space syntax analysis, to determine the spatial quality based on spatial logic and space use of the existing conditions at Universitas Musamus. The results of this study indicate the presence of “living” spaces that tend to enhance spatial quality and “dead” spaces that tend to weaken the spatial quality of the Universitas Musamus area. The results obtained from the space syntax analysis show that the area between the rectorate building, library building, PkM building, and the canteen has the highest value in aspects crowd movement and crowd density.
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Fahri, Muhammad, and Helfa Rahmadyani. "Study of the correlation between road connectivity values towards walkability on Jendral Sudirman Street, Pangkalpinang using the space syntax method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1267, no. 1 (2023): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012083.
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Abstract Pedestrian paths are an important aspect of urban planning as a basic human activity in terms of smoothness, safety and comfort. Road network connectivity and integration including those affecting pedestrian volume. In this measurement can be done with the space syntax method. Diagrammatic configuration through the space syntax method effectively characterizes the connectivity and integration of spaces, hinging on three fundamental spatial concepts, one of which is axial space. This study aims to examine the correlation of road connectivity to pedestrian interest (walkability). With the space syntax method, plan analysis and evaluation can be done before the implementation of the design. The area Jendral Sudirman street was chosen as a case study. This research employs quantitative methods within the frameworks of descriptive analysis and simulation. Descriptive analysis here aims to explain the findings of field data and numerical data accurately and systematically. Result shows that the value of connectivity and integration can affect pedestrian interest. With the application of pedestrian facilities on roads with high connectivity and integration values, it will increase walkability.
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Griffiths, Sam, and Laura Vaughan. "Mapping spatial cultures: contributions of space syntax to research in the urban history of the nineteenth-century city." Urban History 47, no. 3 (2020): 488–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926820000206.
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AbstractThe theory and methods of space syntax can help to rebalance the prevailing cultural perspective, which views maps as ideological representations, with an analytical approach that emphasizes maps as sources for understanding space and spatial relationships embedded in built forms. The quantitative descriptions of urban street networks produced by space syntax analyses can be used to formulate and test hypotheses about patterns of urban movement, encounter and socio-economic activity in the past that can help in the interpretation of other historical source materials to give an overall account of urban spatial culture. In this article, the authors explain how space syntax, a theory and method originally developed in the field of architectural research, is making a distinctive contribution to research in social and urban history. The key principles of the method are explained by clarifying the relationship of space syntax to HGIS (Historical Geographical Information Systems) and through a worked example of research undertaken into political meeting places. A survey of research into the urban history of the nineteenth-century city using space syntax is used to highlight a number of important methodological themes and also demonstrates the range of innovative contributions that this interdisciplinary approach is able to advance. A final, theoretical, section reflects on maps and the practice of ‘mapping’ from a space syntax perspective.
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Wahyono, F., B. Soemardiono, and T. Noerwarsito. "A study of walkability in Surabaya urban park utilizing the space syntax." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 916, no. 1 (2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/916/1/012008.
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Abstract The urban parks are open spaces that accommodate people to do various activities. One of the most popular activities is walking. Human experience essentially leads pedestrians to have specific spatial dimensions and configurations in a park. Space syntax exists as a tool to explore the characteristics of the spatial configuration and the influence of the visitors on their activities through their perceptions. Space syntax has been widely applied in urban and human movement studies, despite rarely applied within the scope of urban parks. This study aims to address the debate and offers a new technique in applying the space syntax method. This research employed quantitative methods in interpreting the concept of Walkability and evaluated the design of urban parks by spatial exploration. The result determined the scope of research within the park, the configurational relationships between spaces as well as the visual connection and continuity of the human line of sight. This principle was developed and illustrated based on the three urban parks in Surabaya.
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Chen, Siqi, and Martin Knöll. "Refugee Children’s Access to Play in Meso-Environments: A Novel Approach Using Space Syntax and GIS." Buildings 13, no. 1 (2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010111.
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Being able to explore and play in quality open spaces in the neighbourhood is crucial for refugee children since refugee facilities often have inadequate playspaces indoors and outdoors. Access to meso-environment playspaces (around refugee accommodations) would provide refugee children with the opportunity for optimal physical, cognitive, emotional and social development and support their social inclusion. This study explores refugee children’s access to play areas in meso environments with six study sites in Berlin. Active space for refugee children’s play is assessed using: (1) open-source data collection, (2) method notions of perceived distance and spaces, (3) staff survey with site investigation and (4) space syntax theories of potential accessibility. Results indicated the fact of unequal playspace distributions for refugee children in Berlin with children-oriented assessment. The utilisation of space syntax in the context of refugee children is relatively unexplored. This study is thereby contributing to the space syntax literature by exploring the broader application potential of its methods. Further studies should broaden study sites with more precise environmental measures.
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Kocki, Wojciech, and Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski. "Space Syntax in communication structure of Lublin." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1 (2016): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_16_151_21.
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Urban structures of the cities are one of the most complicated structures inthe whole world. It depends on many factors, that continuously change and develop them.Among many research tools which can be helpful in understanding urban structure designing,there is a Space Syntax method. This method of analyzing grid structures provides a lot of information about connectivity and integration of urban space as a research area. This method was used to perform an analysis of the urban tissue of the city of Lublin. Conclusions resulting from those analysis help identify weaknesses and problematic areas on urbanlayout of Lublin, especially related to integration and connectivity of streets and may be used as a basis for further research.
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Kustianingrum, Dwi, and Ratu Sonya Mentari Haerdy. "Evacuation Behaviour Prediction Through Space Syntax-Based Agent Simulation at Sentra Tahu Cibuntu Bandung." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1459, no. 1 (2025): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1459/1/012010.
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Abstract The development of the theory of spatial syntax is currently being employed in a number of different contexts, including the creation of evacuation plans. In order to predict the movement and utilisation of individuals within buildings and urban environments, space syntax derives a set of analytical measures pertaining to the configuration of streets. In this research, space syntax theory is employed as the foundation for simulating agents in the context of fire evacuation and wayfinding in segregated spaces in informal settlements that evolve spontaneously and incrementally. The research sample was the Sentra Tahu Cibuntu (Cibuntu Tofu Center). This is an informal settlement with an unplanned spatial configuration. The method employed is a space syntax-based agent simulation utilising DepthMapX 0.8 software in the most segregated area. The objective is to predict evacuation pathways in areas susceptible to natural disasters, crime, and health-related hazards. The findings demonstrate that residents consistently gravitate towards open areas. In this context, open spaces emerge as generators of human movement based on their visual perspective.
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Tedjari, Abdelmalek Farouk, and Messaoud Abbaoui. "Space Syntax for Evaluating Attractivity and Visit Frequency." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 1 (2023): 9899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5455.
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The current study uses the Space Syntax innovative method for determining the causes of the attractivity and visit frequency gap between two open public spaces of downtown Setif (Algeria): Sahat El Istiklal square and Masjid Ibn Badis square. A design drawn from a map coming from the National Institute of Cartography and Teledetection (Algeria) is chosen for the configurative analysis carried out by Space Syntax through the DepthMap software. Visibility Graph Analysis (VGA) superimposed with the pedestrian real flow permits the visual integration of the analysis of each square. The analysis revealed relevant gaps in the syntactic measure values obtained for each square emphasizing their positive aspects and specific problems. Space Syntax allows the extension of the initial discussion about public squares in urban environments and to work out causality relationships between spatial configuration and human behavior.
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Dai, Yunwan, Yujie Ren, Hong Li, and Meng Wang. "Evaluating Art Exhibition Spaces Through Space Syntax and Multimodal Physiological Data." Buildings 15, no. 11 (2025): 1776. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15111776.
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Art exhibition spaces increasingly emphasize visitor experience, yet the relationships among spatial structure, visitor behavior, and emotional response remain unclear. Traditional space syntax analyses typically focus on physical spatial structures, insufficiently capturing visitors’ emotional and cognitive experiences. To address these gaps, this study presents an integrative evaluation framework that combines space syntax theory with multimodal physiological measurements to systematically assess spatial design performance in art exhibition environments. Eye-tracking and heart rate variability (HRV) experiments were conducted to investigate how spatial configuration affects visual attention and emotional responses. Visibility graph analysis, spatial integration metrics, and regression modeling were applied using the third-floor temporary exhibition hall of the Pudong Art Museum in Shanghai as a case study. The results revealed that HRV levels (β = −7.92) were significantly predicted via spatial integration, and the relationship between spatial integration and the number of fixations was partially mediated by HRV (indirect effect: β = −0.36; direct effect: β = 8.23). Additionally, zones with higher occlusivity were associated with more complex scanpaths (mean complexity: 0.14), whereas highly integrated regions triggered more fixations (mean = 10.54) and longer total fixation durations (mean = 2946.98 ms). Therefore, spatial syntax, when coupled with physiological indicators, provides a robust and actionable method for evaluating and optimizing exhibition space design.
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Jaya, Meldo Andi, Reny Kartika Sary, Muhammad Hijrah Agung Sarwandy, and Iskandar Iskandar. "Spatial Analysis of Palembang City Using the Space Syntax Method." Arsir 9, no. 1 (2025): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.32502/arsir.v9i1.496.
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Spatial characteristic of Palembang city influenced by Musi River which separates the region into two parts, Ulu and Ilir. the features of these part contrast. Comparing to the Ulu region, the Ilir region has denser and larger area. Historically, the Ilir region continues to be the center of governance and commerce from the Palembang Sultanate, the duch colonial empire, as long as the present. The research aims to measure the level of connectivity, integration, and choice of the spatial of Palembang city. Connectivity analysis, Global Integration, local integration, and choce were the methods adopted. Map-base data collected through Open Street Map (OSM), which is processed by QGis software then analized with Depthmap’s Space Syntax methods.
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OKUYUCU, Ş. Ebru, and Gamze ÇOBAN. "ANALYSIS OF THE REFUNCTIONED MILLET HAMAM THROUGH SPACE SYNTAX." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/015.
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Space syntax is a model that has been developed based on spatial formation characteristics. The theory of space syntax indicates a strong relationship between spaces and social structures. The concept of space syntax in this study served as a basis for the assessment of the new function displayed by the architectural structure named “Millet Hamamı (Public Hammam)” in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The spatial use of another architectural structure named “Kültür ve Semt Evi (Local House of Culture)” that was transformed from Millet Hamamı was analyzed in this study. The purpose of this paper is to constitute space organization of Cultural and District Centre, daily use of space, user movement, defining the relation between space and function, analysis of the spatial provision of the existing building-new function relationship. Graphs used in order to make analysis of the space formation and space organization corresponding to the new function of Millet Hamam which has been transformed into Cultural and District Centre constitute the whole set of techniques of the space syntax in the study. The face-to-face interviews performed with the users of the building contributed to the study. As a result of the analysis made through using numerical data, locations of the spaces belonging to refunctioned Cultural and District Centre within the building, the compatibility of all the spaces with their new functions, the usage potential of the spaces and the spatial experiences of the users have been interpreted with respect to existing building-new function scale. In the study, positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated in line with the spatial relations by discussing the spatial provision of the new functions in the Cultural and District Centre and suggestions have been made regarding use of the spaces. As a result of the study, it was stated that the correct choice of function in historical buildings that are planned to be re-functional is possible by analyzing the organization of spaces using the graf method and supporting the data obtained with the views of the building users. This study is important in terms of increasing the usage potential of spaces within a newly-functionalized building, which is different compared to other relevant studies.
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OKUYUCU, Ş. Ebru, and Gamze ÇOBAN. "ANALYSIS OF THE REFUNCTIONED MILLET HAMAM THROUGH SPACE SYNTAX." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11001100/015.
Full textAbstract:
Space syntax is a model that has been developed based on spatial formation characteristics. The theory of space syntax indicates a strong relationship between spaces and social structures. The concept of space syntax in this study served as a basis for the assessment of the new function displayed by the architectural structure named “Millet Hamamı (Public Hammam)” in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The spatial use of another architectural structure named “Kültür ve Semt Evi (Local House of Culture)” that was transformed from Millet Hamamı was analyzed in this study. The purpose of this paper is to constitute space organization of Cultural and District Centre, daily use of space, user movement, defining the relation between space and function, analysis of the spatial provision of the existing building-new function relationship. Graphs used in order to make analysis of the space formation and space organization corresponding to the new function of Millet Hamam which has been transformed into Cultural and District Centre constitute the whole set of techniques of the space syntax in the study. The face-to-face interviews performed with the users of the building contributed to the study. As a result of the analysis made through using numerical data, locations of the spaces belonging to refunctioned Cultural and District Centre within the building, the compatibility of all the spaces with their new functions, the usage potential of the spaces and the spatial experiences of the users have been interpreted with respect to existing building-new function scale. In the study, positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated in line with the spatial relations by discussing the spatial provision of the new functions in the Cultural and District Centre and suggestions have been made regarding use of the spaces. As a result of the study, it was stated that the correct choice of function in historical buildings that are planned to be re-functional is possible by analyzing the organization of spaces using the graf method and supporting the data obtained with the views of the building users. This study is important in terms of increasing the usage potential of spaces within a newly-functionalized building, which is different compared to other relevant studies.
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OKUYUCU, Ş. Ebru, and Gamze ÇOBAN. "ANALYSIS OF THE REFUNCTIONED MILLET HAMAM THROUGH SPACE SYNTAX." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 11, no. 1 (2021): 268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/11101100/015.
Full textAbstract:
Space syntax is a model that has been developed based on spatial formation characteristics. The theory of space syntax indicates a strong relationship between spaces and social structures. The concept of space syntax in this study served as a basis for the assessment of the new function displayed by the architectural structure named “Millet Hamamı (Public Hammam)” in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The spatial use of another architectural structure named “Kültür ve Semt Evi (Local House of Culture)” that was transformed from Millet Hamamı was analyzed in this study. The purpose of this paper is to constitute space organization of Cultural and District Centre, daily use of space, user movement, defining the relation between space and function, analysis of the spatial provision of the existing building-new function relationship. Graphs used in order to make analysis of the space formation and space organization corresponding to the new function of Millet Hamam which has been transformed into Cultural and District Centre constitute the whole set of techniques of the space syntax in the study. The face-to-face interviews performed with the users of the building contributed to the study. As a result of the analysis made through using numerical data, locations of the spaces belonging to refunctioned Cultural and District Centre within the building, the compatibility of all the spaces with their new functions, the usage potential of the spaces and the spatial experiences of the users have been interpreted with respect to existing building-new function scale. In the study, positive and negative outcomes have been evaluated in line with the spatial relations by discussing the spatial provision of the new functions in the Cultural and District Centre and suggestions have been made regarding use of the spaces. As a result of the study, it was stated that the correct choice of function in historical buildings that are planned to be re-functional is possible by analyzing the organization of spaces using the graf method and supporting the data obtained with the views of the building users. This study is important in terms of increasing the usage potential of spaces within a newly-functionalized building, which is different compared to other relevant studies.
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Femmam, Nadia, Moufida Boukhabla, Said Mazouz, and Asma Femmam. "Analysis and reading of the quality of an urban public space via space syntax." Technium Social Sciences Journal 39 (January 8, 2023): 554–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v39i1.8275.
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Biskra is one of the Algerian cities that has undergone a very accelerated evolution through the different periods of its history. It is confronted with serious problems related to various dysfunctions in particular in its planned urban structure and in its social structure suffering from several social ills, whether in: housing spaces, equipment or urban public spaces. The latter present many anomalies depending on the consumption of space, identification, orientation and behavior. The objective of this work seeks to read and analyze the quality of permeability and legibility in urban public spaces in the neighborhood of El-Alia northeast Biskra, how the space affects the movement of pedestrians and therefore their behavior and to make a comparison between what exists in reality and what is proposed in the development plan of the neighborhood of El Alia northeast by the Office of Studies and Achievements in Town Planning URBA in terms of these two concepts, in order to affirm or deny whether the design of the spatial structure proposed by the URBA has remedied the various deficiencies and anomalies in the existing. We proposed as a model of analysis and reading the combination of two methods obtained from the literature, namely the method of responsive environments and the method of space syntax.
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Arslan, Ayça, and Türkan Ulusu Uraz. "‘Small House Spatiality: A Comparative Space Syntax Application’." Open House International 42, no. 2 (2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0009.
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It has recently come to light that there is an increasing demand for a new type of small house design, which vary in area from 20 square metres to 100 square metres and even more. Being remarkably different from traditional types of spatial organizations, the new house types present an open plan concept with a highly flexible and adaptable spatial arrangement that exhibit diverse functional spaces within one open, integrated space. In light of this, the main aim of this study is to reveal the new dynamics of spatial organization found in today's small house types and identify the significant changes in the contemporary design approaches to small house layouts which have evolved from a need for minimized space usage and a requirement for diverse living spatiality. Subsequently, thirty houses have been chosen to be analysed for the purpose of this study to reveal the differences between integrated and segregated spatial organizations in regard to flexibility, adaptability, transformability and permeability within the spaces. In addition to this, the new spatial relations will be overviewed considering spatial depth, interpenetration and density to define more implicit organizations which are able to expand constantly and accommodate different functional spaces in one open space with the help of spatial identifiers. The main focus of this research study concentrates on the above mentioned dynamic forms of spatiality that change from being weak to strong, implicit to explicit and indistinct to clearly defined spaces. These forms are measured, analysed and basically compare by means of a space syntax application on the values of the space and convex maps of the thirty selected houses. In summary, the analysis and measurement of the spatial characteristics of contemporary small houses in this sphere include both theoretical and empirical components. Firstly, the study discusses the basic definitions of spatial relations and organizations. Secondly, the space syntax method was used to test and compare new spatial design approaches by means of the Mean Depth, Mean Integration, Basic Difference Factor and Space Link Ratio values mainly to clarify how the spatiality changes according to the size although the plan type stays the same as 1+1.
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Andi, Andi, Ivan Adiel Abednego, and Bontor Jumaylinda Br Gultom. "Space Syntax Guide to Optimize Shopping Mall." International Journal of Environment, Architecture, and Societies 1, no. 01 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ijeas.2021.1.01.19-30.
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The shopping mall is a facility for profit-making with a complex spatial configuration that prioritizes the effectiveness in any aspects. The spatial configuration of a shopping mall needs more than a rule of thumb or a subjective judgment to optimize it. Many researchers have conducted studies of shopping mall spatial configuration by the theory and method of space syntax. But, the complexity of space syntax turns it hard to understand or apply in practical use. Due to the complexity of both shopping mall and space syntax, a guide is needed for practical directions to optimize shopping mall. This article review combines and synthesizes the findings of space syntax precedent studies. The scope of the study is on the building configuration scale (mesoscale). As the result, the optimization of a shopping mall can be measure by space syntax through measurement of connectivity, depth, integration, choice, and intelligibility. Each measurement has a different purpose. The most used measurement in shopping mall study is integration. The spatial configuration of the mall can be represented by the axial map, convex map, isovist map, VGA map, and agent-based in space syntax analyses. The most suitable map for shopping mall analysis is the VGA map because it shows the visual quality is vital in shopping mall design. There are several aspects of the shopping mall that can be adjusted or modified to optimize the shopping mall. Those aspects are pedestrian flows, horizontal complexity, vertical complexity, tenant type allocation, visual quality, retail placement, and anchor placement.
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D’Autilia, Roberto, and Marco Spada. "Extension of Space Syntax Methods to Generic Urban Variables." Urban Science 2, no. 3 (2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030082.
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We studied generalization of a method for extending configurational studies to variables that are not exclusively geographical, in order to allow investigation of generic relationships in the built environment. We observed a number of limitations of the classical approach of configurational studies and we considered how a complex analytical method could be implemented in the study of non-topological variables, such as land use, noise pollution and financial or property rents. In order to do this, we established a system of relationships based on a labeled primary graph. Categorization of the labels of the links was performed on a generic variable, specifically, the predominant use of roads. The graph was then contracted using an optimization algorithm, which we describe. The algorithm allows the network to be reduced to a more streamlined system that can better analyze the relationships between the different categories. Application of the method showed that it is faster to identify weaknesses in urban networks, and then take measures to resolve them. The case study concerns the pedestrianization of the Colosseum area in Rome.
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Amaria, Lintang, Edward Syarif, and Idawarni J. Asmal. "Morfologi Tata Guna Lahan Permukiman Pesisir Kelurahan Dongkala Kabupaten Bombana." Jurnal Penelitian Enjiniring 27, no. 1 (2023): 23–41. https://doi.org/10.25042/jpe.052023.04.
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Dongkala Village, as a coastal settlement, has experienced very rapid development compared to other areas. This is due to the strategic location factor, namely, this area being the capital of East Kabaena District and the location of the main ferry port to the cities of Bau-Bau and Bombana. As a result, many residents choose to live in this area. However, the rapid and unplanned development of the area has led to an uneven distribution of housing and changes in land use in the coastal settlement area of Dongkala Village. The aim of this study is to explain and analyze the most effective and optimal land use based on the spatial arrangement of the six previous time periods by using a qualitative descriptive method supported by space syntax analysis. The data analyzed using the space syntax method was first modeled using the depthmapX 0.8.0 program. The results obtained from the space syntax method are in the form of circulation data, which determine the highest and lowest interaction values between spaces in residential areas using axial map mapping. The calculation analysis technique used is connectivity and integration analysis. The findings of this study indicate that in 2000, the best level of interaction (connectivity) between spaces was observed, while the best achievement or integration between one space and another occurred in 2022. The research findings can serve as a conceptual framework for the development of coastal areas.
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Lu, Zheng, Wei Min Guo, and Xuan Zhou. "Space Syntax: A Neutral Tool for Inclusive Planning on Urban Renewal." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2376.
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Through overview of the western planning decision-making history underlying in urban planning theories and methods in 20th century, this paper introduces an increasingly perfect methodology or tool for inclusive planning which can benefit to admit various interest groups when facing the tough debates in urban renewal. By using space syntax technique, it based on the integration with algebraic graph theory, computer science and GIS techniques, the interests of all parties group even including ordinary citizens can intuitively understand planning procedures and predicted results. Therefore, from the perspective of inclusive participation planning, the method of space syntax presents a communicative interface to represent various proposals and solutions. In addition, in order to further to explain the application of space syntax, the case presentations such as King’s Cross area of London are also introduced.
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Ota, Akira, Yusuke Nakano, and Toshiyuki Kaneda. "Comparative Analyses on Factors of the Pedestrian Numbers in a Downtown Area at Two Points of Time Using Space Syntax Indicators – in the Case of Sakae-South, Nagoya CBD in Japan." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 3 (2024): e06600. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-141.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the factors of the estimated pedestrian numbers in Nagoya, Japan at two points of time, with the aim of clarify the impact from two Space Syntax indicators, intensity of space use, distance from the station and pavement width on the pedestrians at two points of time. Theoretical Framework: The factor ranking for pedestrians in some prior reports shows the Space Syntax indicators to be higher ranking. This suggests a possibility of pedestrian factor analysis in which the Space Syntax indicators are added to factors. However, no one has checked if the Space Syntax indicator has an influence as a factor of the pedestrian number even if the time is changed. Therefore, it is meaningful to conduct the factor analyses in multiple times and compare the models. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises the creation of the correlation matrix between pedestrian numbers and the candidate explanatory variables, conduction of the multiple linear regression analysis at two points of time and comparison of two models. Data collection was carried out through the survey of the pedestrian numbers, calculation of Space Syntax Indicators. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that the multiple correlation coefficients of the models decreased from 0.701 at first point of time to 0.562 at second point of time, but the Space Syntax indicator satisfied a significant difference at a 5% level in a t-test for the two points of time. In the discussion section, as tasks to be tackled in the future, further examination of points of time along with understanding the likely influence of Space Syntax indicators if other factors significantly change will clarify the validity of the Space Syntax indicators. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by showing that the Space Syntax indicator has a certain degree of influence as a factor of the pedestrian number even though a point of time and pedestrians are changed.
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Dyke, Ruth M. Van. "Space Syntax Analysis at the Chacoan Outlier of Guadalupe." American Antiquity 64, no. 3 (1999): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694146.
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Space syntax analysis is a popular method for investigating social processes by quantifying the relationships among architectural spaces. Identification of spatial patterns is straightforward, but interpretation is less so. In this study, segregated spatial patterns were assumed to indicate the presence of social inequality. A space syntax analysis was conducted for Guadalupe Ruin, an excavated, outlying Chacoan great house with three well-dated construction episodes. The study investigated great house function and social context. Results seemed contradictory until room function and pueblo layout were incorporated into the interpretation. The great house can be understood as an group of separate but equal household units accessible primarily through the roof and plaza. Analyzed as a discrete entity, Guadalupe Ruin appears to have been a domestic building rather than an administrative or ceremonial facility. However, topographic restrictions and other differences with the surrounding community of small sites need to be explored through an expanded study at the community level. Comparison of the Guadalupe study with other great house space syntax analyses supports the recognition that Chacoan great houses varied considerably across time and space.
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Askarizad, Reza, Patxi José Lamíquiz Daudén, and Chiara Garau. "The Application of Space Syntax to Enhance Sociability in Public Urban Spaces: A Systematic Review." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 7 (2024): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13070227.
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Public urban spaces are vital settings for fostering social interaction among people. However, understanding how spatial layouts can promote positive social behaviors remains a critical and debated challenge for urban designers and planners aiming to create socially sustainable environments. Space syntax, a well-established theory and research method, explores the influence of spatial configurations on social aspects. Despite its significant contributions, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic reviews evaluating its effectiveness in enhancing social interaction within urban public spaces. This study aims to identify the existing scientific gaps in the domain of space syntax studies, with a primary focus on sociability in public urban spaces. Following the PRISMA framework, a thorough literature search was conducted in the Scopus database, yielding 1107 relevant articles. After applying screening and eligibility criteria, 26 articles were selected for in-depth review. This review adopted a novel approach to synthesizing and analyzing the findings for identifying underexplored scientific gaps. The findings suggested a wide variety of research gaps to address, encompassing evidence, knowledge, practical, methodological, empirical, theoretical, and target populations to provide a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge in this field. In conclusion, by exploring the interplay between space syntax and design elements such as the urban infrastructure, landscaping, and microclimate in these areas, future research can bridge this gap, particularly when considering a cross-cultural lens. This study underscores the importance of space syntax in promoting social interaction in urban public spaces, offering a robust foundation for future research and practical applications to create more socially engaging environments.
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M. Dzhambov, Angel, Donka D. Dimitrova, and Tanya H. Turnovska. "Improving Traffic Noise Simulations Using Space Syntax: Preliminary Results from Two Roadway Systems." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 3 (2014): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2469.
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AbstractNoise pollution is one of the four major pollutions in the world. In order to implement adequate strategies for noise control, assessment of traffic-generated noise is essential in city planning and management. The aim of this study was to determine whether space syntax could improve the predictive power of noise simulation. This paper reports a record linkage study which combined a documentary method with space syntax analysis. It analyses data about traffic flow as well as field-measured and computer-simulated traffic noise in two Bulgarian agglomerations. Our findings suggest that space syntax might have a potential in predicting traffic noise exposure by improving models for noise simulations using specialised software or actual traffic counts. The scientific attention might need to be directed towards space syntax in order to study its further application in current models and algorithms for noise prediction.
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H. B. M, Hazrina, Aminuddin A. M. R, A. M. Aini, and Aida Suryadi. "Space Syntax as a Method to Improve the Space Quality of Future Low-income Housing (L-iH) in Malaysia." Journal of Design and Built Environment 22, no. 3 (2022): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol22no3.6.
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This paper highlights the role of Space Syntax as a method to analyze spatial quality in Low-income Housing (L-iH) in Malaysia. Low-income Housing (L-iH) schemes such as the People’s Housing Project (PPR) have been one of the government’s approaches in coping with housing shortage in the Klang Valley. These L-iH schemes have been reported to be unsatisfactory to the inhabitants’ comfort, social and cultural needs. It is therefore crucial to investigate the relationship between space and the occupants by assessing the indoor space visibility using Visual Graph Analysis (VGA) as part of Space Syntax method, as the analytical tool to improve the future designs of L-iH that will benefit the occupants, policymakers, low-income house developers and consultants, researchers in the architecture field, and society at large.
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Zhu, Wen Jun, and Xing De Kan. "Coordination Analysis for Urban Underground Space and Rail Transit Based on Space Syntax." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1388.
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Rational planning for the underground space development in subway station areas, in coordinate with the urban rail transit development, has positive impacts on the sustainable development of cities. This paper induces the space syntax method for calculating the quantitative accessibility index of the urban rail transit and detects the coordination between urban underground space use intensity and rail transit system of the 7 selected subway lines in Tokyo. The results show that the station areas with higher accessibility index are the same sort with higher underground space use intensity. This means that the space syntax method is suitable and feasible for calculation of the quantitative accessibility index of subway lines. The higher the accessibility index is, the more underground space will be needed potentially in future. The areas with high accessibility of subway lines and low intensity of public underground space develop are the key districts under potential exploitation of underground space.
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Olesiak, Justyna. "Analizy Space Syntax wobec zjawiska segregacji społecznej i izolacji przestrzennej obszarów mieszkaniowych." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 33 (2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.20.032.13131.
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W wielu obszarach miejskich widoczna jest skrajna segregacja przestrzeni publicznej oraz fakt, że wiele dzielnic mieszkaniowych jest przestrzennie odizolowanych od miasta jako całości. Ponieważ tradycyjne metody analiz urbanistycznych dają słabe wytyczne w tym kontekście, podjęta zostanie próba ujęcia problemu i odmiennego podejścia do segregacji w projektowaniu urbanistycznym. Niniejszy artykuł bada, w jaki sposób teorie i metody analizy Space Syntax mogą przyczynić się do stworzenia bardziej dopracowanych opisów relacji przestrzennych w różnych dzielnicach i całym mieście. Przyjęto metodę badawczą: analizę literatury fachowej (krajowej i zagranicznej) oraz dostępnych publikacji. Analiza urbanistyczna oparta na teorii Space Syntax umożliwia wykazanie zasadniczych różnic strukturalnych między dzielnicami i określenie wpływu form urbanistycznych na zalety przestrzenne różnych obszarów miasta. Otwiera to nowe możliwości rozwiązania problemu segregacji w zakresie projektowania urbanistycznego oraz sformułowanie bardziej skutecznych interwencji antysegregacyjnych. Space Syntax analysis in the Face of the Phenomenon of Social Segregation and Spatial Isolation of Residential Areas In many urban areas there is an observable extreme segregation of public space, in addition to the fact that many housing districts are spatially isolated from the city as a whole. As traditional methods of urban analysis provide poor guidelines in this context, an attempt to investigate this problem and present a different approach to segregation in urban design was made. This paper presents an investigation about how Space Syntax theories and methods can contribute to creating more detailed descriptions of spatial relationships in different districts and in the entire city. The research method employed was an analysis of the literature (both domestic and trade). Space-Syntax-based urban analysis enables demonstrating significant structural differences between districts and to determine the impact of urban forms on the spatial advantages of different areas of the city. It provides new opportunities to address segregation in urban design and formulate more effective anti-segregation interventions.
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Li, Zhi Jie, Chang Hua Li, Xin Liu, and Pu Liang Zheng. "Graph Embedding Method Based on Space Syntax and Improved K-Means Clustering." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1163.
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The main drawbacks of structural pattern recognition compared to statistical pattern recognition are the high computation complexity and fewer processing tools that are available in the domain. To bridge the gap between the structural and statistical pattern recognition, a new graph embedding method based on space syntax and improved K-means clustering is proposed. The present paper uses the space syntax theory to build quantitative description of the nodes’ topological features, and then combines the proposed topological features with non-topological features in other aspects of the domain to construct node feature set using an improved K-means clustering algorithm, and then maps the graph into vector space explicitly by a statistical approach. Thus SVM can be applied to achieve graph classification. The experimental results show that such an embedding method can achieve higher classification accuracy in different graph datasets.
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Li, Chang Hua, Zhi Jie Li, Long Fei Yuan, Xin Liu, and Fan Zhang. "A Retrieval Model of Spatial Configuration Based on Space Syntax Histogram." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1011.
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With the application of space syntax theory in urban planning and architecture designing is growing continuously, the number of the urban spatial configuration models based on space syntax will be more and more. However, the use of these models still lacks of some intelligent retrieval models currently. This paper splits the urban spatial configuration into regular grid structure, and uses visibility segmentation to construct the relationship diagrams and then extracts space syntax variables from each node to form the four-dimensional histogram. Furthermore, this method calculates the similarity among models through the measurement of the histogram distance, thus realizes the retrieval of the urban spatial configuration. Experimental results show that this model has a satisfactory retrieval results.
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Jeong, Dae Young, Ah Young Yoon, Ji Hwan Yoon, and Sang Bum Kim. "Spatial Structure Analysis of Traditional Periodical Market using Space Syntax Method." Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development 20, no. 3 (2013): 679–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.12653/jecd.2013.20.3.0679.
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Matijosaitiene, Irina. "Combination of CPTED and space syntax for the analysis of crime." Safer Communities 15, no. 1 (2016): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-05-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to combine both Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and space syntax for the more detailed and overall analysis of built environment in terms of crime. The author is aiming to verify the designed research methodology by its application in cities that are similar in terms of size and population, and are very different in culture and location: New Haven (USA) and Kaunas (Lithuania). Design/methodology/approach – Based on CPTED strategies the factors of urban environment are analyzed, such as topological depth from private space to a public space, density of entrances and windows, street’s constitutedness, inter-visibility, land use, blind walls, segment’s accessibility, greenery, lighting, objects of small architecture, graffiti. Space syntax method is applied for the analysis of the following topological properties of urban spaces: integration, choice, depth, connectivity. Findings – The combination of both methods revels that choice and depth of urban spaces are related to robberies, and connectivity and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in New Haven. Integration and depth are related to thefts from motor vehicles in Kaunas. According to the correlation analysis results, in Kaunas more robberies happen in common use areas, and more thefts from cars happen in the spaces with blind walls and dense abandoned greenery. In New Haven more thefts from motor vehicles happen in spaces with blind walls. In both cities with the increase of the topological depth the thefts from motor vehicles increase too. Originality/value – Based on the research results recommendations on urban planning and design are developed. The implementation of the recommendations might make New Haven and Kaunas safer.
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Mei, Zhi Xiong, Yang Jun Ou, and Si Min Chen. "Accessibility Evaluation of Guangzhou Subway Network Based on Space Syntax Model and GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3292.
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Based on the current condition of Guangzhou subway network, the authors used GIS methods and extended the space syntax theory to analyze the accessibility of the subway network, and compared with actual passenger flow. The results show: 1)Space syntax is practicable to measure the accessibility of subway system; 2)Among all sections by division, the accessibility of Tiyuxilu-Chen Clan Academy is the highest, the accessibility of Yantang-Panyu Square is the second highest, while the accessibilities of Jiaokou–Xicun and Dongchong–Jinzhou are the lowest, the accessibility of Xilang -Chen Clan Academy is the second lowest; 3)The accessibility level of subway and actual passenger flow have a positive correlation, the higher the accessibility, the larger the passenger flow; 4)As a whole, line 1 has the highest accessibility and the largest passenger flow, followed closely by line 3. Their departure frequency and number of carriages should be properly increased to relieve passenger flow pressure. Line 4 has relatively low accessibility and less passenger flow, so it should appropriately decrease train frequency or extend departure interval to reduce operating cost at present. Certainly, space syntax inevitably has its limitations, but after proper extension, the space syntax method can be used to instruct traffic reconstructing and urban planning etc.
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Chen, Junzhan, Yile Chen, Liang Zheng, and Qiang Tang. "Research on Spatial Memory of Architectural Narrative Based on Spatial Syntax Theory: Wushan Dormitory of SCAU University as an Example." Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 3, no. 1 (2022): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2022.3.1.5.
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The campus buildings carry the reading time and historical stories, while the dormitories carry the memories and dreams of college students. This article takes the Wushan Dormitory of SCAU University as an example. By digging into the main narrative elements of the internal space of the Wushan Dormitory, the relationship between its space and events is analyzed. Based on the perspective of narratology, the convex space analysis method using Depthmap software technology under the space syntax theory is used to analyze the dormitory narrative space from the three main levels of the bedroom space, corridor space and staircase space. Analyze and explore the connection value of the horizon and the depth of the vision so as to effectively and reasonably combine the qualitative theory of narratology with the quantitative analysis of space syntax. By observing the logical relationship between the internal space and space of the dormitory building, the relationship between the dormitory building and the campus, it is theoretically and systematically explained, and people’s understanding of the space narrative theory is deepened. Reference suggestions are given for the activation and protection of the inner and outer spaces of the Wushan Dormitory in the future.
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Xing, Zhaolian, and Weimin Guo. "A New Urban Space Analysis Method Based on Space Syntax and Geographic Information System Using Multisource Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 5 (2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11050297.
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With large-scale urban demolition, the spatial pattern of the urban area in many cities has been destroyed, leading to the loss of urban regional identity; therefore, these urban spaces need to be urgently studied and protected. Previous studies on the spatial pattern of urban areas focused on spatial morphology or urban texture. However, due to difficulties in obtaining field survey data, such studies cannot comprehensively analyze the space; thus, the proposed conservation strategies are also more one-sided. In order to study the urban space more scientifically and systematically, and to propose a more operable spatial conservation strategy, this paper conducts a new urban space analysis method based on space syntax and the geographic information system using multisource data. With the help of software such as Depthmap and ArcGIS, as well as theories and methods such as space syntax and regression analysis, this article conducted a visual and quantitative analysis of the spatial information data such as integration of urban road networks, building height, architectural style, points of interest, number of lanes, and maximum road speed. Taking the old city of Wuxi as an example, the method’s feasibility was verified. The regression model analysis revealed that, when the integration of the area was higher, the buildings distributed around were multilane, fast lane, modern buildings, taller buildings, commercial buildings, and vice versa, which gives a scientific basis for the proposed strategy of creating regional characteristics of urban space. This new analysis method of urban space is of great significance for the study of urban problems, the exploration of urban characteristics, and the proposal of urban strategies.
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Kezuwani, Noor Kamilah, and Shahrul Yani Said. "Space Syntax-able Attributions for Safety Consideration of Heritage Area." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, SI4 (2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6isi4.2903.
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Understanding crime has been in focus for a few decades. Significant research has begun to understand the relationship between spatial configuration and crime occurrence, which related back to human behaviour. In recent year, space syntax has been used as a method to analyse space and its spatial properties. Urban design researchers have employed the space syntax technique to analyse the geographic distribution of crime due to spatial and socio-demographic factors that could influence crime patterns. This paper describes how space syntax could be used to assess crime possibility in heritage areas, and the result supports the hypothesis. Keywords: Urban planning, Crime prevention theory, Space syntax, Spatial configuration eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.2903
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CHOLAKOV, KOSTADIN. "Lexical acquisition and semantic space models: Learning the semantics of unknown words." Natural Language Engineering 20, no. 4 (2013): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324913000053.
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AbstractIn recent studies it has been shown that syntax-based semantic space models outperform models in which the context is represented as a bag-of-words in several semantic analysis tasks. This has been generally attributed to the fact that syntax-based models employ corpora that are syntactically annotated by a parser and a computational grammar. However, if the corpora processed contain words which are unknown to the parser and the grammar, a syntax-based model may lose its advantage since the syntactic properties of such words are unavailable. On the other hand, bag-of-words models do not face this issue since they operate on raw, non-annotated corpora and are thus more robust. In this paper, we compare the performance of syntax-based and bag-of-words models when applied to the task of learning the semantics of unknown words. In our experiments, unknown words are considered the words which are not known to the Alpino parser and grammar of Dutch. In our study, the semantics of an unknown word is defined by finding its most similar word incornetto, a Dutch lexico-semantic hierarchy. We show that for unknown words the syntax-based model performs worse than the bag-of-words approach. Furthermore, we show that if we first learn the syntactic properties of unknown words by an appropriate lexical acquisition method, then in fact the syntax-based model does outperform the bag-of-words approach. The conclusion we draw is that, for words unknown to a given grammar, a bag-of-words model is more robust than a syntax-based model. However, the combination of lexical acquisition and syntax-based semantic models is best suited for learning the semantics of unknown words.
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Bahare, Mirzaei1* Mohammad Taghizadeh kordi2 Yi-Jung Teresa Hsieh3 Ahmadreza Sahami Dehaghani4. "Perceived Impact of Spatial Connectivity in Learning Environments on Social Engagement: Collaboration Between Teachers, Students, and Architects." UAI Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (UAIJAHSS) II, no. II (2025): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14881875.
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<em>This study investigates the role of spatial connectivity in learning environments and its impact on social engagement, focusing on perceptions from teachers, students, and architects regarding a collaborative design model. Employing a multi-method approach that combines case study analysis and Space Syntax methodology, the research explores how spatial layouts influence social interactions and engagement. Ten focus groups of teachers, students, and architects identified key spaces fostering social connections and collaboration. The proposed redesign shifts from a traditional hierarchical structure to a more flexible layout, with classrooms arranged around a central common space to encourage social interaction. Data analysis, conducted using structured coding by Atlas-ti and Space Syntax tools like Convex Map and Axial Line Analysis, identified themes related to spatial diversity, adaptability, transparency, and the balance between open and focused spaces. The findings highlight the importance of adaptable, multifunctional spaces, and the need for spaces that promote social interaction and privacy. The study contributes valuable insights into how spatial configurations can foster collaboration and engagement in educational settings.</em>
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Bahare, Mirzaei1* Mohammad Taghizadeh kordi2 Yi-Jung Teresa Hsieh3 Ahmadreza Sahami Dehaghani4. "Perceived Impact of Spatial Connectivity in Learning Environments on Social Engagement: Collaboration Between Teachers, Students, and Architects." UAI Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (UAIJAHSS) 2, no. 2 (2025): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14929629.
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<em>This study investigates the role of spatial connectivity in learning environments and its impact on social engagement, focusing on perceptions from teachers, students, and architects regarding a collaborative design model. Employing a multi-method approach that combines case study analysis and Space Syntax methodology, the research explores how spatial layouts influence social interactions and engagement. Ten focus groups of teachers, students, and architects identified key spaces fostering social connections and collaboration. The proposed redesign shifts from a traditional hierarchical structure to a more flexible layout, with classrooms arranged around a central common space to encourage social interaction. Data analysis, conducted using structured coding by Atlas-ti and Space Syntax tools like Convex Map and Axial Line Analysis, identified themes related to spatial diversity, adaptability, transparency, and the balance between open and focused spaces. The findings highlight the importance of adaptable, multifunctional spaces, and the need for spaces that promote social interaction and privacy. The study contributes valuable insights into how spatial configurations can foster collaboration and engagement in educational settings.</em>
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Önder, Deniz Erinsel, and Yıldırım Gigi. "Reading urban spaces by the space-syntax method: A proposal for the South Haliç Region." Cities 27, no. 4 (2010): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.12.006.
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Sunardi, Selina, and Priscilla Epifania Ariaji. "PENDEKATAN SPACE SYNTAX DAN ARSITEKTUR KESEHARIAN SEBAGAI STRATEGI AKUPUNKTUR KOTA DI KAWASAN MUARA ANGKE." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 4, no. 2 (2023): 2705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v4i2.22240.
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Muara Angke has great fishery and tourism potential, however, there are still many Muara Angke residents who have a low economy and lack of empowerment. The environment of Muara Angke also seems shabby because of the large amount of unprocessed waste scattered in this area. Clean water crisis also occurs where coastal residents find it difficult to meet their daily water needs. Urban acupuncture is an approach to provide urban spatial planning solutions in order to have a significant improvement impact in a short time. This study is needed to determine the appropriate urban acupuncture points, one of which is the space syntax and everday architecture method in determining the appropriate program for the Muara Angke. So that the design can determine the right program and point to achieve an increase in regional productivity along with improving the environmental quality of the Muara Angke. The data collection method is done by descriptive analysis and the method used in the design is the space syntax and everyday architecture method. This approach aims to read the area, determine the program, and space configuration in the design. Fish processing facilities program at the main point can increase economic productivity. Aligned with the water filtration module and the waste sorting post at the secondary point, that solves the clean water crisis and improves waste management in the area. Thus, the space syntax and everyday architecture approach in design can be a regeneration point for Muara Angke. Keywords: Everyday Architecture; Muara Angke; Urban Acupuncture; Space Syntax Abstrak Muara Angke memiliki potensi perikanan dan wisata yang besar namun, masih banyak warga Muara Angke yang berekonomi rendah dan kurang pemberdayaan. Lingkungan Muara Angke pun terkesan kumuh karena banyaknya sampah tanpa pengolahan yang tersebar di kawasan ini. Krisis air bersih juga terjadi dimana warga pesisir kesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air sehari-hari. Akupunktur kota merupakan sebuah pendekatan untuk memberikan solusi penataan ruang kota agar mendapat dampak perbaikan secara signifikan dalam waktu yang singkat. Studi ini menentukan titik akupunktur kota yang tepat salah satunya dengan metode space syntax dan arsitektur keseharian dalam menentukan program yang sesuai untuk Kawasan Muara Angke. Agar perancangan dapat mementukan program dan titik yang tepat guna mencapai peningkatan produktivitas kawasan sejalan dengan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan Kawasan Muara Angke. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dan metode yang digunakan pada perancangan adalah metode space syntax dan arsitektur keseharian. Pendekatan ini bertujuan untuk membaca kawasan, menentukan program, dan konfigurasi ruang pada rancangan. Program fasilitas pengolahan hasil laut pada titik utama dapat meningkatkan produktivitas ekonomi. Selaras dengan modul filtrasi air dan pos pemilahan sampah pada titik sekunder menyelesaikan masalah krisis air bersih dan memperbaiki manajemen limbah pada kawasan. Sehingga, pendekatan space syntax dan arsitektur keseharian dalam perancangan dapat menjadi titik regenerasi bagi Kawasan Muara Angke.
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Şahin Körmeçli, Pelin. "Analysis of Walkable Street Networks by Using the Space Syntax and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Çankırı City." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 6 (2023): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060216.
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Nowadays, city forms are changing due to rapid urbanization and increasing population. In urban morphology studies, walkable street network is examined through the city form to create sustainable cities. This study aims to examine accessibility of street network that shapes the city form by using central street line retrieved from OSM. Accessibility of the street network, one of the criteria of walkability, was evaluated in Çankırı, a micro city in Turkey. The space syntax and GIS methods were used to examine the physical accessibility of the street network. As differences in the topography are not taken into consideration in the space syntax, it was integrated with the GIS in this study. With this method, spatial accessibility, the correlation between integration and choice values of street network, was examined at first. Secondly, land slope was classified according to the standards of pedestrian accessibility and the study area was analyzed using the GIS. Finally, streets with low slope percentage and high integration value were overlaid. The results revealed that the longest, continuous, and main axes located in the area with low slope and high integration values are accessible. The accessible streets obtained by a collaborative integration of the space syntax and GIS methods are lower than the area obtained just from the space syntax method. The use of a combination of these methods is beneficial in terms of understanding the land in three dimensions, but focusing on land surface slopes is only one of the possible synergies between the two tools. The walkable street network obtained by using this method gives an idea about urban mobility. While this method works with hilly lands, other GIS data may be needed for different land types. However, it should also be extended to multi-source information and quantitative analysis methods in bigger cities, as urban walkability is at the core of the 15-minute city model, which is of high actuality of the agenda of urban planning and sustainable urban development.
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Oliynyk, Olena. "SPATIAL SYNTAX AS A TOOL FOR STUDYING THE STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATION OF PUBLIC SPACES." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.195-204.
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The author presents the theory of spatial syntax, which is a key tool for under-standing of the structure of public space and its configuration. Spatial decisions are determining factors influencing to the behavioral characteristics of people who use public space. The author traces the use of spatial syntax as a tool for choosing a de-sign solution for the reconstruction of Trafalgar Square in London. The main interest of spatial syntax is finding the relationship between human needs and spaces. It is believed that behavioral characteristics are already embedded in the structure of spa-tial systems. Spatial syntax calls this relative characteristic of space as a configura-tion and offers the idea that it is this characteristic that shapes human behavior and thus contains social knowledge.
 Bill Hiller described the method of analysis of the existing scheme of use of the space of Trafalgar Square and around it, which was taken into account later by the authors of the reconstruction project.
 The perfect spatial design was to contain three key elements: simple, straight routes for pedestrians, which should cross the space in the middle, not at its edges; the presence of points of perception in several visual areas; availability of facilities for eating, drinking or recreation, located near the main walking routes.
 The analysis of Trafalgar Square showed that none of these elements was pre-sent in the decision of the square. Spatial analysis helped to find optimal design solu-tions.
 Spatial analysis of Trafalgar Square has shown that, although the effects of people movement are important, but not as much as the impact of space configura-tion. As the analysis of the design solution of the public space of Trafalgar Square confirms, a successful project means, first of all, reasonable spatial solutions.
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YILMAZ ÇAKMAK, Bilgehan, Hamdi BEKTAS, and Serpil SUCUCAN. "User Mobility Analysis of Lighting Practices in Konya City Square." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 8, no. 2 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v8.n2.p2.
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<p><strong>Aim</strong>: There have been many urban design application and research studies describing the connection between user movement and space. The Space Syntax Method, an urban design model developed by the Space Syntax Laboratory at University College London, England, seeks to describe the connection between pedestrian movement and spatial formation on a mathematical basis. The Space Syntax is specialized approach used in designing pedestrian connections within the urban structure. It observes pedestrian and vehicle movements, and uses computer programs to calculate the potential effects of design proposals on pedestrian movement.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This model is used in many European countries and it provides consistent results for pedestrian movement. This method was utilized to determine the connection between pedestrian movement and the space format in a field described in this study – the Konya City Square. Starting from pedestrian movement and the assembly points, the study recorded the observations and the follow-up of pedestrian movement in Konya city center during a one-week period (at different hours of the day, on weekdays and weekends, in the daytime and at night). A video recording was made and it was turned into pedestrian movement charts. Graphic maps were also prepared and they were compared to the Space Syntax Method. Furthermore, a lighting analysis was conducted in the City Square using the DIALux lighting calculation program and it was found to be consistent with the current records.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study concluded that the lighting work at the City Square underestimated pedestrian movement on the Square, and the monument at the center of the Square lacked visibility and definability. Suggestions were put forward regarding these issues.</p>
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Amalia, Riesa Rizki, Bontor Jumaylinda BR Gultom, and Muhammad Nurhamsyah. "HUBUNGAN AKTIVITAS PENDUKUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS VISUAL KORIDOR JALAN GAJAH MADA PONTIANAK." JMARS: Jurnal Mosaik Arsitektur 9, no. 2 (2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jmars.v9i2.47451.
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This research is based on concerns about the existence of supporting activities will have an impact on the visual quality of a commercial road corridor. Activities that appear in commercial corridors are trade and service activities as well as activity support. This activity support will affect the development of the city so that it is more lively, continuous, and peaceful. In a corridor these activities can bring a lot of visitors. The large number of visitors indicates that the corridor has an attraction. The method used in this study is a method of mapping behavior and space syntax combined with questionnaires. Then the results of these data are correlated so as to know the relationship of supporting activities to the visual quality of corridors. The findings of this study are in the form of supporting activity relationship to the visual quality of the corridor of Jalan Gajah Mada Pontianak. The correlation of data between placed centered mapping and space syntax, between placed centered mapping and questionnaires, as well as between questionnaires and space syntax, showed a positive correlation. The number and position of supporting activities in the form of pkl can increase movement in an area. High movement in space syntax can indicate that the visual quality of an area has a high value. An easy-to-recognize space will attract visitors to come and supporting activities in the form of street vendors can be a movement generator and attractor.
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Pan, Z. G., G. W. Lan, D. L. Fan, Y. L. Du, and Y. Zeng. "ANALYSIS OF ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN ROADS BASED ON SPACE SYNTAX AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-159-2020.
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Abstract. Space syntax and distance measurement are significant theoretical methods for studying road accessibility. Space syntax deals with the topological relationship between road networks, but the length of the road is ignored. While distance measurement method only takes into account the factors such as distance, time, and economic costs when studying road accessibility. Both of them are defective in evaluating the accessibility of transportation networks, and there are a few of researches that consider the interaction between road axes lines. In this paper a method for traffic network accessibility evaluation is proposed by combining the space syntax theory and the distance measurement method, and considering the influence of the interaction between road axes lines at the same time. The method is successfully applied for evaluating the traffic network accessibility of Nanning in Guangxi. The research shows that: (1) the results of the analysis are compared horizontally with traffic conditions at different times in Nanning City, and the experimental results are nearly in line with the actual road conditions. (2) The areas with high road density are Liangfeng District, Qingxiu District and Xixiangtang District. (3) Nanning City's road network center is located at the intersection of Xixiangtang District, Xingning District, Qingxiu District and Jiangnan District; its traffic network distribution is the densest and the overall level of urban road accessibility is higher. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of Nanning's transportation network and has the reference significance for further optimizing the transportation planning in Nanning.