Academic literature on the topic 'Spacer Grids'

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Journal articles on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Yang, Sun Kyu, and Moon Ki Chung. "Turbulent Flow Through Spacer Grids in Rod Bundles." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 4 (1998): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820739.

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The effects of the spacer grids with mixing vanes in rod bundles on the turbulent structure were investigated experimentally. The detailed hydraulic characteristics in subchannels of a 5 × 5 rod bundle with mixing spacer grids were measured upstream and downstream of the spacer grid by using a one component LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry). Axial velocity and turbulent intensity, skewness factor, and flatness factor were measured. The turbulence decay behind spacer grids was obtained from measured data. The trend of turbulence decay behaves in a similar way as turbulent flow through mesh grids
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Kim, Minhee, and Ihn Namgung. "Refinement of Finite Element Method Analysis Model of Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Fuel Spacer Grid Based on Experimental Data." Energies 18, no. 3 (2025): 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030528.

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A Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the nuclear fuel spacer grid was conducted to assess the strength of components for the safety of nuclear power plants. The fuel assembly consists of fuel rods, upper end-fitting, lower end-fitting, guide tubes, and spacer grids. Spacer grids play a critical role in maintaining the proper spacing between fuel rods within a fuel assembly and ensuring smooth coolant flow. This role becomes particularly crucial during unforeseen emergencies, such as seismic loads, where minimizing deformation caused by external forces is essential. Therefore, this study p
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Beloborodov, Alexey V., Yuri V. Chuguy, Leonid V. Finogenov, Anna A. Gushchina, Yuri A. Lemeshko, and Peter S. Zav’yalov. "3D Inspection of Fuel Assembly Components." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.155.

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Safety increasing of nuclear reactors is urgent problem for atomic industry. It takes 100% noncontact dimensional inspection of nuclear reactor components. Optoelectronic methods and systems for 3D inspection of fuel assembly elements, including spacer grids and fuel elements, are presented. The universal structured light method for 3D inspection of Russian and western grid spacers using diffraction elements is developed. For fuel elements inspection one considers the shadow method which allows one to implement full inspection of articles under transported along the automatic production line.
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Wang, Feng, Yanxin Liu, Zanlin Yu, et al. "General and robust covalently linked graphene oxide affinity grids for high-resolution cryo-EM." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 39 (2020): 24269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009707117.

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Affinity grids have great potential to facilitate rapid preparation of even quite impure samples in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM). Yet despite the promising advances of affinity grids over the past decades, no single strategy has demonstrated general utility. Here we chemically functionalize cryo-EM grids coated with mostly one or two layers of graphene oxide to facilitate affinity capture. The protein of interest is tagged using a system that rapidly forms a highly specific covalent bond to its cognate catcher linked to the grid via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer. Importan
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Peña-Monferrer, C., J. L. Muñoz-Cobo, and S. Chiva. "CFD Turbulence Study of PWR Spacer-Grids in a Rod Bundle." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/635651.

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Nuclear fuel bundles include spacers essentially for mechanical stability and to influence the flow dynamics and heat transfer phenomena along the fuel rods. This work presents the analysis of the turbulence effects of a split-type and swirl-type spacer-grid geometries on single phase in a PWR (pressurized water reactor) rod bundle. Various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations have been performed and the results validated with the experiments of the OECD/NEA-KAERI rod bundle CFD blind benchmark exercise on turbulent mixing in a rod bundle with spacers at the MATiS-H facility. Simula
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Kim, Minhee, and Ihn Namgung. "An Investigation of the Stiffness Characteristics of a PWR Nuclear Fuel Spacer Grid by a 3D Shell Model." Energies 17, no. 23 (2024): 6066. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17236066.

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The structural integrity of fuel assemblies hinges significantly on the effectiveness of spacer grids. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to assess the structural robustness of the mid-spacer grid (SG) of the PLUS7 fuel assembly (FA) using 3D shell elements. Any excessive external load from seismic activity can be broken down into two perpendicular components, namely normal load and shear load. The decomposition enables easy assessment of the structural integrity of the fuel spacer grid for any external loads. From the analysis, the reaction force of normal input displacement is arou
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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. "ICONE15-10031 HOW SPACER GRIDS INFLUENCE MULTIPHASE FLOW PROCESSES?" Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_12.

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Hochreiter, L. E., M. J. Loftus, F. J. Erbacher, P. Ihle, and K. Rust. "POST CHF EFFECTS OF SPACER GRIDS AND." Multiphase Science and Technology 7, no. 1-4 (1993): 185–269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/multscientechn.v7.i1-4.40.

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Jeon, Sang Youn, and Young Shin Lee. "An Estimation of the Dynamic Buckling Load for the Spacer Grid of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assembly." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1603.

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This study contains an estimation of the dynamic buckling load for the spacer grid of fuel assembly in pressurized water reactor. Three different estimation methods were proposed for the calculation of the dynamic buckling loads of spacer grid. The dynamic impact tests and analyses were performed to evaluate the impact characteristics of the spacer grids and to predict the dynamic buckling load of the full size spacer grid. The estimation results were compared with the test results for the verification of the estimation methods.
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Lo, Simon, and Joseph Osman. "CFD Modeling of Boiling Flow in PSBT 5×5 Bundle." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/795935.

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Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to model the boiling two-phase flow in one of the PSBT 5-by-5 rod bundle tests. The rod bundle with all the spacers was modeled explicitly using unstructured computational grids. The six-equation, two-fluid model with the wall boiling model was used to model the boiling two-phase flows in the bundle. The computed void fractions compare well with the measured data at the measuring plane. In addition to the averaged void data, the CFD results give a very detailed picture of the flow and void distributions in the bundle and how
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Sung, Li-wen. "Grid Structure and Space." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31598.

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From the ancient times, people used various kinds of natural material to build architecture. Because of the characteristics of natural materials, there are many limits to challenge the possibility of the architectural structure.After the fire of 1871 in Chicago, there were many incentives to convince Chicago architects to use steel as the material in grid structure buildings. For example, rising real estate prices, the advent of the safety elevator and availability of cost effective steel members. After that, grid structures play a very important role in modern architectural history. Now,
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Farsangi, Hossein E. "Topological optimisation of double layer grids using genetic algorithm." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/750/.

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Affan, Amer. "Collapse of double-layer space grid structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250905.

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This dissertation is concerned with the behaviour of square-on-square double-layer space grids (DLSG's) and in particular their collapse mechanisms after initial buckling. A detailed review of the methods used for collapse analysis of these structures is conducted, which shows that their collapse can be of progressive nature. An outline of the remedies that have been suggested to make safe their collapse behaviour is given, and it traces the line for further study. The present investigation starts by describing the redundancy in these regular pin-jointed assemblies in terms of unit states of s
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Saeedi, Mohammed Ali. "An approximate method for the prediction of the behaviour of some space structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/590/.

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Savchuk, Andrey. "Space-marching method on adaptive unstructured grids for supersonic flows." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95164.

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ABSTRACT Space marching methods are widely used to calculate steady supersonic internal and external flows in view of their superior efficiency as compared to time marching approaches. A very general space-marching procedure was proposed by Nakahashi and Saitoh in 1996. The method can be used with any explicit time-marching procedure, allows for embedded subsonic regions, and is well-suited for unstructured grids, enabling a maximum of geometric flexibility. The flow field is only updated in the so-called active domain. Once the residual has fallen below a preset tolerance, the active domain i
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BARROSO, VITOR BARATA RIBEIRO BLANCO. "EFFICIENT FLUID SIMULATION IN THE PARAMETRIC SPACE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURED GRIDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28689@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>BOLSA NOTA 10<br>Fluidos são extremamente comuns em nosso mundo e têm papel central em muitos fenômenos naturais. A compreensão de seu comportamento tem importância fundamental em uma vasta gama de aplicações e diversas áreas de pesquisa, da análise de fluxo sanguíneo até o transporte de petróleo, da exploração do fluxo de um rio até a previsão de maremotos, tempestades e furacões. Na simulação de fluidos, a abordagem
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Stevens, Malcolm William. "A three-dimensional tidal model for shallow waters using transformations and variably spaced grids." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs845.pdf.

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Adeney, Roland William. "The HarmonyGrid : music, space and performance in grid music systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46602/1/Roland_Adeney_Thesis.pdf.

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This research explores music in space, as experienced through performing and music-making with interactive systems. It explores how musical parameters may be presented spatially and displayed visually with a view to their exploration by a musician during performance. Spatial arrangements of musical components, especially pitches and harmonies, have been widely studied in the literature, but the current capabilities of interactive systems allow the improvisational exploration of these musical spaces as part of a performance practice. This research focuses on quantised spatial organisation of mu
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Faller, Kevin W. "Reprogramming the Grid: Community Psychology's Role in Urban Systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1275664829.

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Kahn, Steven Phillip. "Experimental verification and development of structural identification techniques on a grid." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040526/.

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Books on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Hollenstein, Tom. State Space Grids. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Development of numerical methods for overset grids with applications for the integrated space shuttle vehicle. MCAT Institute, 1995.

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Mazo, Aleksandr, and Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.

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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation,
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John, Chilton. Space grid structures. Architectural Press, 1999.

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South, Jerry C. ICASE/LaRC Workshop on Adaptive Grid Methods: Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C., and the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE), Hampton, Virginia, and held in Hampton, Virginia, November 7-9, 1994. Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Hollenstein, Tom. State Space Grids: Depicting Dynamics Across Development. Springer US, 2013.

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Baldauf, Anette, and Elsa Prochazka. Food&grid: Space&designstrategies. University for Art and Industrial Design, 2009.

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Baldauf, Anette, and Elsa Prochazka. Food&grid: Space&designstrategies. University for Art and Industrial Design, 2009.

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Hadda, Lamia, ed. Médina. Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-248-5.

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Dedicated to the medina in the Mediterranean space, this book is essentially based on detailed historical and photographic research into the characteristics of city design and its evolution, as well as some case studies from direct experience. The main objective of the present study consists of its documentary and evocative value, without forgetting the analysis of the multiple architectural spaces with monumental complexes of extraordinary cultural importance arranged according to precise hierarchies and specific uses. The research summarises the different experiences from this immense Arab-M
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Thomas, David. Maths Grid Games: Space and measurement. Prim-Ed, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Zeman, V., and Z. Hlaváč. "Vibration of the Package of Rods Linked by Spacer Grids." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2069-5_31.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "State Space Grids." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_2.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Dynamic Systems." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_1.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "GridWare." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_3.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Starting Your Own Project in GridWare." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_4.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Within-Grid Analyses." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_5.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Between-Grid Analyses." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_6.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Advanced Analyses." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_7.

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Hollenstein, Tom. "Erratum." In State Space Grids. Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5007-8_8.

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Prieto-Araujo, Eduardo, and Fernando Bianchi. "State-space representation of HVDC grids." In HVDC Grids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119115243.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Marten, J., M. Schneider, G. Sieber, and H. Keßler. "Seismic Deformation of Spacer Grids -- Extension of ARCADIA and Validation of Proposed Neutronic Model." In International Conference on Physics of Reactors (PHYSOR 2024). American Nuclear Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/physor24-43439.

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Jiménez-Bermejo, Víctor, Jorge Godoy, Antonio Artuñedo, and Jorge Villagra. "Categorized Grid and Unknown Space Causes for LiDAR-Based Dynamic Occupancy Grids." In 2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919871.

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Maskal, Alan B., and Fatih Aydogan. "Mathematical Models of Spacer Grids." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60098.

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The fuel rods in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) cores are supported by spacer grids. Even though spacer grids add to the pressure loss in the reactor core, spacer grids have several benefits in Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Some of these benefits are: (i) increasing the turbulence at the bottom of the reactor core for better heat transfer in single phase region of the LWRs, (ii) improving the departure nucleate boiling ratio results for PWRs, and (iii) improving critical power ratio (CPR) values by increasing the thickness of film in annular flow regime in the t
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Navarro, Moyse´s Alberto, and Andre´ Augusto Campagnole dos Santos. "Numerical Flow Simulation of Spacer Grids With Mixing Vanes in a 5 × 5 PWR Rod Bundle." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75354.

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The spacer grids exert great influence on the thermal hydraulic performance of the PWR fuel assembly. The presence of the spacers has two antagonistic effects on the core: an increase of pressure drop due to constriction on the coolant flow area and increase of the local heat transfer downstream the grids caused by enhanced coolant mixing. The mixing vanes, present in most of the spacer grid designs, cause a cross and swirl flow between and in the subchannels, enhancing even more the local heat transfer at the cost of more pressure loss. Due to this important hydrodynamic feature the spacer gr
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Ferrari, Giovanni, Brian Painter, Giulio Franchini, Kostas Karazis, and Marco Amabili. "Experimental Characterization of the Nonlinear Boundary Conditions Applied by Two Different Designs of Spacer Grids on PWR Fuel Rods." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96787.

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Abstract Spacer grids in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) hold fuel rods in place by means of springs and rigid stops during the operation of the reactor core; in addition, they are used to improve the mixing of the coolant, improving heat transfer. The constraint exerted by spacer grids influences the amplitude of the vibrations reached by fuel rods under the action of the turbulent coolant flow; in turn, these vibrations may result in Grid-To-Rod Fretting (GTRF), the main cause of failure for nuclear fuel rods. As a result, considerable effort is dedicated to the design of spacer grids. In
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Ratnayake, Ruwan K., L. E. Hochreiter, K. N. Ivanov, and J. M. Cimbala. "Experimental Study of Two Phase Flow Behavior Past BWR Spacer Grids." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22198.

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Performance of best estimate codes used in the nuclear industry can be significantly improved by reducing the empiricism embedded in their constitutive models. Spacer grids have been found to have an important impact on the maximum allowable Critical Heat Flux within the fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core. Therefore, incorporation of suitable spacer grids models can improve the critical heat flux prediction capability of best estimate codes. Realistic modeling of entrainment behavior of spacer grids requires understanding the different mechanisms that are involved. Since visual informatio
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Cesna, Benediktas, and Eugenijus Uspuras. "Effect of Spacer Grids on the Local Heat Transfer." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22589.

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The paper presents the experimental data of the local heat transfer in the fuel rod assembly with honeycomb type spacer grids. It was established experimentally that the separation of the boundary layer behind the spacer grid increases the interchannel coefficient of transverse mixing of flow, and therefore, the local heat transfer. If the distance between the spacer grids is relatively small, they influence one another through the redistribution of mass flow in elementary channels. The local heat transfer behind the spacer grid varies with a distance from it. The local heat transfer can be de
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Chen, Xi, and Hong Zhang. "Study of Mixing Characteristics Over a Spacer Grid With Sloping Channels Based on Numerical Simulations in a PWR 5×5 Rod Bundle Using CFD Codes." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15795.

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Spacer grids are important components of fuel assemblies for Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). The presence of spacer grid promotes local heat transfer adjacent to the rod wall downstream by inducing swirl and cross flows within and between sub-channels to increase thermal hydraulic safety margin. Recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodologies are widely adopted to designs of spacer grids. This paper presents results of numerical simulations with commercial code CFX 12.0 in a PWR 5 × 5 rod bundle including a spacer grid with sloping channels. Based on a combined mesh generation
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Cesna, Benediktas B. "METHODOLOGY OF SPACER GRIDS RESISTANCE CALCULATION." In Advances in Heat Transfer Engineering. Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/bht4.300.

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Song, Li-feng, Rui-feng Tian, Lan-xin Sun, Cong Shi, and Peng Li. "Hydrodynamic Performance Study on Flow Field in Rod Bundles With Spacer Grids." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30478.

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With the dramatic progress in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology, this technology can be used in researching the knowledge of thermal–hydraulic characteristics in the rod bundles, particularly with the spacer grids. These characteristics, including fluid flow, turbulence, and heat transfer and so on, all of this information can be applied in design and the improvement of rod bundles. This paper calculated the single-phase flow field in rod bundles with different spacer grids respectively by numerical method, which was based on the experiment performed by Korea Atomic Energy Res
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Reports on the topic "Spacer Grids"

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Kim, Seung Jun. Evaluation of CASL boiling model for DNB performance in full scale 5x5 fuel bundle with spacer grids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1422911.

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Morkun, Vladimir S., Natalia V. Morkun, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Augmented reality as a tool for visualization of ultrasound propagation in heterogeneous media based on the k-space method. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3757.

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For programming the AR tools, interactive objects and creating the markers, the method of fiber spaces (k-space) for modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation in an inhomogeneous medium using coarse grids, with maintaining the required accuracy was used. The algorithm and tools of augmented reality were introduced into the adaptive control system of the pulp gas phase in the iron ore flotation process using a control action on the basis of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects generated by ultrasonic phased arrays. The tools of augmented reality based on k-space methods allow to facilitate wide
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Yager, Robert J. Working with Evenly Spaced Rectangular Surface Grids Using C++. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615278.

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Moore, Terrence J. Shannon-Type Sampling Theory on Unions of Equally Spaced and Noncommensurate Grids. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392092.

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Guttromson, Ross, Stephen Verzi, Christian Jones, Asael Sorensen, Raymond Byrne, and Charles Hanley. Grid Stability Using Machine Learning State Space Navigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762943.

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Gelbard, Fred, and Samuel Durbin. Aerosol Particle Deposition on a Spent Nuclear Fuel Assembly Spacer Grid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2431498.

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P. Hoven, Voravee, Kohn, Joachim, and Adisorn Poopattanapong. Immobilization of RGD Peptides on surface of Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.35.

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This research has focused on chemical immobilization of RGD-containing peptides (RGD, RGDS, GRGDS) on the surface of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates having carboxyl pendant groups, poly(DTE-co-20%DT carbonate) through a two-step reaction. The first step involved an activation of carboxyl groups by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI). The second step was a covalent attachment of RGD-containing peptides. The success of peptides. The success of peptide immobilization was determined by the ninhydrin method and x-ray photo
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Natrajan, Anand, Marty A. Humphrey, and Andrew S. Grimshaw. The Legion Support for Advanced Parameter-Space Studies on a Grid. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada447045.

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Collins, Clarence O., and Tyler J. Hesser. altWIZ : A System for Satellite Radar Altimeter Evaluation of Modeled Wave Heights. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39699.

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Abstract:
This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) describes the design and implementation of a wave model evaluation system, altWIZ, which uses wave height observations from operational satellite radar altimeters. The altWIZ system utilizes two recently released altimeter databases: Ribal and Young (2019) and European Space Agency Sea State Climate Change Initiative v.1.1 level 2 (Dodet et al. 2020). The system facilitates model evaluation against 1 Hz1 altimeter data or a product created by averaging altimeter data in space and time around model grid points. The system allows, fo
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Satterthwaite, Charles P. Space Surveillance and Early Warning Radars: Buried Treasure for the Information Grid. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468199.

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