Journal articles: 'Spain Bilbao'

1

Ferrovial S.A., Grupo. "El Museo Guggenheim Bilbao. Bilbao/España." Informes de la Construcción 49, no. 451 (October 30, 1997): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1997.v49.i451.932.

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Iyengar, Hal, Larry Novak, Robert Sinn, and John Zils. "The Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain." Structural Engineering International 6, no. 4 (November 1996): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686696780496337.

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Caicoya Gómez-Morán, C. "Algunos aspectos del proceso de construcción del museo Guggenheim Bilbao. Bilbao/España." Informes de la Construcción 49, no. 451 (October 30, 1997): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1997.v49.i451.931.

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Houpt, Stefan, and Juan Carlos Rojo Cagigal. "Capital market integration in Spain? Introducing the Bilbao Stock Exchange, 1891-1936." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 28, no. 3 (December 2010): 535–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610910000145.

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AbstractThis paper presents the first results of our most recent research on the Bilbao Stock Exchange (BSE) from its foundation in 1890 up to the Spanish Civil War. We examine the origin of the Exchange and follow its evolution over the first half-century of existence. To this end we introduce some of the stock exchange indexes we have calculated for Bilbao and put them into comparative perspective with the existing series on general economic and industrial activity and the indexes for other Spanish exchanges for the period considered. These comparisons show Bilbao’s evolution from a public debt-dominated market to an industrial exchange very much tied to regional development. Finally, we contrast the degree of financial market integration associated with the existing Spanish exchange indexes. Our analysis finds strong support for considering the BSE index as an industrial index and little evidence of capital market integration between the principal Spanish exchanges before the 1920s.

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Gómez, César Martín. "BANCO DE BILBAO HEADQUARTERS: FIRST LOW-ENERGY BUILDING IN SPAIN?" Journal of Green Building 6, no. 4 (November 2011): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.4.37.

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Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza was perhaps the greatest architect of the twentieth century in Spain, and his masterpiece was the Banco de Bilbao Headquarters, located in the Paseo de la Castellana in Madrid (Spain). Sáenz de Oíza was a university professor in the Installations and Energy Areas at the University of Madrid. For him, concepts such as indoor comfort, lighting, heat production, cooling, and solar houses were an indispensable part of the student's learning and, of course, he included them in his building design. He applied these concepts in the Banco de Bilbao Headquarters. Therefore, the purpose of this paper will be to examine the Banco de Bilbao technical knowledge in depth—including its passive architectonical design—and to present the main good decisions (and mistakes) of this first low-energy Spanish building after almost 30 years of intensive use, to extend its lessons for future buildings.

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Löser, Hannes, Jone Mendicoa, and Pedro Ángel Fernández-Mendiola. "Early Aptian corals from Peñascal (Bilbao, N Spain)." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 35, no. 2 (December 12, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.35.2.18484.

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Sanchez, J., P. Velasco, G. Quindos, C. K. Campbell, and R. Cisterna. "Isolation of dysgonic strains ofMicrosporum canisin Bilbao (Spain)." Medical Mycology 27, no. 6 (January 1989): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681218980000511.

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Lopez, Jose C. Santos, and Gregorio Gomez Pina. "LONG WAVES IN A SPANISH HARBOUR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.73.

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Short and Long Wave data recorded in Bilbao Harbour < Spain ) have been analyzed in order to study water movements at the inner basins under storms conditions . Some of the trends obtained in prototype have been correlated with model test (regular long wave and irregular short waves ) . This harbour has been chosen for this research on the one hand because of tha availability of the physical model and on thge other hand because of the means provided by the Bilbao Port Authority.

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Ibarra-Berastegi, Gabriel, and Imanol Madariaga. "Traffic congestion and ozone precursor emissions in Bilbao (Spain)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 10, no. 6 (November 2003): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2003.08.170.

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Saiz de Omeñaca, Jesús, Iñaki Ereño, M. Glori Saiz de Omeñaca, Marta Solar, Íñigo Aguirre, Antonio Camús, Juan M. Gómez Poncela, José Saiz de Omeñaca, and Egenio Villar. "Estimación de costes ambientales derivados del corredor La Salve-Ibarrekolanda. Bilbao-España." Informes de la Construcción 45, no. 425-426 (August 30, 1993): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1993.v45.i425-426.1184.

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Acero, J. A., S. Kupski, J. Arrizabalaga, and L. Katzschner. "Urban Climate Multi-Scale Modelling in Bilbao (Spain): A Review." Procedia Engineering 115 (2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.348.

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Gravina, Leyre, Amets Jauregi, Irrintzi Fernández-Aedo, Julia Díez, Joel Gittelsohn, Uriyoan Colón-Ramos, and Manuel Franco. "Residents’ Insights on Their Local Food Environment and Dietary Behaviors: A Cross-City Comparison Using Photovoice in Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 10134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910134.

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Perceptions of local food environments and the ability of citizens to engage in participatory research may vary, even if participants share similar cultural and socioeconomic contexts. In this study, we aimed to describe participants’ narratives about their local food environment in two cities in Spain. We used the participatory methodology of Photovoice to engage participants in Madrid (n = 24) and Bilbao (n = 17) who took and discussed photographs about their local food environment (Madrid; n = 163 and Bilbao; n = 70). Common themes emerged across both cities (food insecurity, poverty, use of public spaces for eating and social gathering, cultural diversity and overconsumption of unhealthy foods); however, in Bilbao citizens perceived that there was sufficient availability of healthy foods despite that living in impoverished communities. Photovoice was a useful tool to engage participating citizens to improve their local food environments in both cities. This new approach allowed for a photovoice cross-city comparison that could be useful to fully understand the complexity and diversity of residents’ perceptions regardless of their place of residence.

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Revoltós, Jordi, José Antonio Llombart, and Juliana Fernandez. "Project design and construction of the Trapagaran Viaduct in Bilbao (Spain)." IABSE Symposium Report 102, no. 21 (September 1, 2014): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137814814067572.

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Saiz-Salinas, J. I., and J. Urkiaga-Alberdi. "Faunal responses to turbidity in a man-modified bay (Bilbao, Spain)." Marine Environmental Research 47, no. 4 (May 1999): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(98)00124-x.

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De Munain, Josefina López, Guillermo Ezpeleta, Manuel Imaz, Maria Del Mar Camara, Valentine Esteban, Juan Miguel Santamaría, and Ramón Cisterna. "Two Lymphogranuloma Venereum Cases in a Heterosexual Couple in Bilbao (Spain)." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 35, no. 11 (November 2008): 918–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e31817e9228.

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Raposo, J. C., G. Ozamiz, N. Etxebarria, I. Tueros, C. Muñoz, A. Muela, I. Arana, and I. Barcina. "Mercury biomethylation assessment in the estuary of Bilbao (North of Spain)." Environmental Pollution 156, no. 2 (November 2008): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.017.

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17

Cearreta, Alejandro. "Holocene Sea-Level Change in the Bilbao Estuary (North Spain): Foraminiferal Evidence." Micropaleontology 44, no. 3 (1998): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1486049.

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Irabien, María Jesús, Alejandro Cearreta, Humberto Serrano, and Víctor Villasante-Marcos. "Environmental regeneration processes in the Anthropocene: The Bilbao estuary case (northern Spain)." Marine Pollution Bulletin 135 (October 2018): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.022.

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Cirarda, Francisco Borja. "Lead in drinking water in the Greater Bilbao Area (Basque Country, Spain)." Food Additives & Contaminants 15, no. 5 (July 1998): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039809374683.

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Alonso, Rodrigo, Estibaliz Mateo, Guillermo Ezpeleta, and Ramón Cisterna. "Characterisation of levofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes in Bilbao, Spain." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 30, no. 2 (August 2007): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.001.

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21

Macho-Aizpurua, Mikele, Manuel Imaz-Pérez, José Ángel Álava-Menica, Leonora Hernández-Ragpa, María-Josefina López-de-Munain-López, Mari-Mar Cámara-Pérez, Amaia Bilbao-González, et al. "Characteristics of genital herpes in Bilbao (Northern Spain): 12-year retrospective study." Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) 39, no. 5 (May 2021): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2020.04.011.

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22

Lemke Duque, Carl Antonius, and Jon Igelmo Zaldívar. "«Ad cura personalis et civitatis utilitatem». Examining Jesuit Postconciliar Renewal and Educational Innovation in Spain." El Futuro del Pasado 12 (July 23, 2021): 449–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/fdp202112449479.

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This paper analyzes Jesuit pedagogy in Spain after the Second Vatican Council, encompassing recent trends and shifts by first delving into the main elements involved in the postconciliar crisis and renewal of the Society of Jesus in Spain, including the various critiques that this change received (part II). Second, this paper sheds light on the current Jesuit Ledesma-Kolvenbach University Paradigm, including its practical application and evaluation at the University of Deusto in Bilbao (part III). Third, this paper takes a brief look at the current reconsideration of active Jesuit pedagogy in Spain (and in Catalonia in particular), bearing in mind the contextualized convergences of educational philosophy (part IV). The concluding remarks address basic results from the analysis of these three elements.

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Sánchez-Arcilla, Agustín, Manuel Espino, Manel Grifoll, Cesar Mösso, Joan Pau Sierra, Marc Mestres, Stella Spyropoulou, et al. "QUAY DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY. THE CASE OF BILBAO HARBOUR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 1, 2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.51.

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In this paper a harbour engineering application of an operational system to forecast circulation and transport fields is presented. It deals with the functional design of a quay in the Bilbao harbour (Bay of Biscay, North-Atlantic coast of Spain). The aim is to use physical oceanography “tools” to design the optimal quay alignment according to two criteria: i) Minimize the currents in order to guarantee the vessel maneuverability and quay operability for given safety levels and ii) Maximize the water renewal capacity of the harbour inner basins (beyond the studied quay) in order to reduce the risk of water quality degradation. The methodology and the results reveal a new procedure to enhance the harbour lay-out design from an environment point of view.

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Villardón-Gallego, Lourdes, Concepción Yániz, Itziar Elexpuru, and Cristina Achurra. "Autonomy and Competence for Learning." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.2013.1.9.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between the learning competence and the autonomy value. The values underlying autonomy and the theoretical dimensions of the learning competence were described. Scales to collect information on these constructs were drawn up and validated. Nearly 500 university students from five different faculties at the University of Deusto (Bilbao, Spain) took part in the study. Findings indicate that autonomy and the learning competence are moderately positively related.

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Plaza, Beatriz. "THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO AND BASQUE HIGH CUISINE: AN APPROACH TO THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOW-HOW." Tourism and hospitality management 6, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.6.1-2.10.

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The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is becoming an important tourist attraction in the Basque Country. Additional tangible and intangible assets are also relevant to the success of the tourist industry. In this context, the aim of this article is to study Basque fine cuisine and to identify the mechanism of transmission of know-how. We should keep in mind that this territory contains one of the highest concentration of Michelin stared restaurants of Spain.

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Saiz-Salinas, JoséI. "Evaluation of adverse biological effects induced by pollution in the Bilbao Estuary (Spain)." Environmental Pollution 96, no. 3 (1997): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00042-0.

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Malina, Roger F. "Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, November 1998-7 March 1999." Leonardo 32, no. 3 (June 1999): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.1999.32.3.237.

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Rushton, Alan. "Fourth International Conference on Adoption Research (ICAR4), 7–11 July 2013, Bilbao, Spain." Adoption & Fostering 37, no. 3 (October 2013): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575913501622.

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Cearreta, A., M. J. Irabien, E. Leorri, I. Yusta, I. W. Croudace, and A. B. Cundy. "Recent Anthropogenic Impacts on the Bilbao Estuary, Northern Spain: Geochemical and Microfaunal Evidence." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 50, no. 4 (April 2000): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0582.

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Prytherch, David L., and Laura Huntoon. "Entrepreneurial Regionalist Planning in a Rescaled Spain: The Cases of Bilbao and València." GeoJournal 62, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-004-3130-8.

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Terés-Zubiaga, J., K. Martín, A. Erkoreka, and J. M. Sala. "Field assessment of thermal behaviour of social housing apartments in Bilbao, Northern Spain." Energy and Buildings 67 (December 2013): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.061.

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Tomàs, Mariona. "Explaining Metropolitan Governance. The Case of Spain." Raumforschung und Raumordnung 75, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13147-016-0445-0.

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Abstract In this paper I examine the characteristics of metropolitan governance in Spain. In the first part, I briefly analyse the different theoretical conceptions and the existing models of metropolitan governance in Europe. I argue that metropolitan governance is explained by the interrelations between the specific institutional context (intergovernmental system) and political culture (attitudes towards metropolitan cooperation). This institutional milieu sets the conditions for the action of political actors and favours the existence of a specific model of metropolitan governance. In the second part, I study the case of Spain, which is interesting for two main reasons. First, it exemplifies well one of the problems of metropolitan governance: the permanent gap between institutions and the process of metropolitanization. Second, in Spain there is a diversity of models of metropolitan governance, which is useful to analyse the reasons for this variation. To do so, I focus on five urban areas (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao and Sevilla), analysing their models of metropolitan governance and particularly their degree of institutionalization and the type of institutional arrangements that have been made.

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lyengar, Hal, Robert Sinn, and John Zils. "Unique steel structures in Spain: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Hotel Arts, Barcelona." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 46, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(98)00083-2.

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Saiz-Salinas, JoséIgnacio, and JoséAntonio González-Oreja. "Coprostanol levels and organic enrichment in sediments of the Bilbao estuary (north of Spain)." Oceanologica Acta 21, no. 2 (March 1998): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(98)80018-2.

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Leorri, E., and A. Cearreta. "Holocene environmental development of the Bilbao estuary, northern Spain: sequence stratigraphy and foraminiferal interpretation." Marine Micropaleontology 51, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2003.08.003.

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Saiz-Salinas, J. I., and G. Francés-Zubillaga. "Nereis diversicolor: an Unreliable Biomonitor of Metal Contamination in the ‘Ría de Bilbao’ (Spain)." Marine Ecology 18, no. 2 (June 1997): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.1997.tb00431.x.

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Grifoll, Manel, Almudena Fontán, Luis Ferrer, Julien Mader, Manuel González, and Manuel Espino. "3D hydrodynamic characterisation of a meso-tidal harbour: The case of Bilbao (northern Spain)." Coastal Engineering 56, no. 9 (September 2009): 907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2009.04.001.

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Trigueros, Emilio, Manuel Cánovas, Javier Arzúa, and Manuel Alcaraz. "Stability of an abandoned siderite mine: A case study in northern Spain." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0240.

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Abstract Bodovalle is an iron carbonate mine located in Gallarta (near Bilbao, northern Spain), which is currently in the closure stage. The deposit was first exploited as an open-pit mine and later as an underground mine. The underground mine currently has 40 large rooms with rib pillars, occupying an area of 2,000 m long by 600 m wide. Room depth is around 200 m. The main geotechnical incident occurred in the NW1N zone, where an over-exploited rib pillar in poor condition was partially removed, leaving a 70-m roof span that eventually collapsed in 1999, resulting in a surface crater measuring 60 m in diameter. The collapse was preceded by noises and movements detected outside the mine. The subsidence was improved by means of infilling and monitoring. In 2014, residents living in homes built over the abandoned mine rooms detected very loud noises similar to those of 1999. The article describes a stability review carried out using advanced numerical methods (finite element method and boundary element method) and the geomechanical parameters obtained from a back analysis of the 1999 collapse.

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Igelmo Zaldívar, Jon. "«Gravissimum Educationis» and the Jesuit Theologians of Loyola Province, Spain." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.261.

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On October 28th, 1965, the Gravissimum Educationis was presented by Pope Paul VI and passed by the assembly of bishops. This declaration states: «In Catholic universities where there is no faculty of sacred theology, there should be established an institute or chair of sacred theology in which there should be lectures suited to lay students». On September 17th, 1967, the Faculty of Theology of Loyola, in the town of Oña (Burgos Province, Spain), was officially closed down. On the basis of the declaration on education passed at the Second Vatican Council, this Ecclesiastic Faculty of the Province of Loyola was moved to the Universidad de Deusto, in Bilbao (Basque Country, Spain). In the first part of this paper I present a careful study of the conflictive process of that move based on primary sources. In the second part I analyse the conditions that enabled the Jesuit theologians of the Province of Loyola living in Oña to carry out a rapid and effective reading of the Gravissimum Educationis.

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Rodríguez-Ordóñez, Itxaso. "Stylistic Variation and the Role of Dialect Contact in the leísmo of Basque-Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2041.

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Abstract There is considerable debate with respect to the status of Basque-Spanish leísmo as a contact phenomenon. To address this conundrum, the present study adds another variable, dialect contact and examines the synchronic variation of Basque-Spanish leísmo among educated young speakers, paying special attention to possible stylistic effects. The speech of 41 Basque-Spanish speakers was gathered by means of sociolinguistic interviews and an elicited production task. Participants were stratified by region: 22 speakers were recruited from Gernika where contact with Basque has been intense and compared to 19 speakers from the Greater Bilbao Area where the contact with Basque is less strong. Dialect contact was operationalized through parental input (Basque Country vs. Monolingual Spain). Results indicate that leísmo is quite extended in the Spanish of the Basque Country and mainly driven by animacy. Basque-Spanish leísmo is also subject to stylistic effects, whereby animacy and grammatical gender effects were found, suggesting that Basque-Spanish speakers alternate between two systems depending on speech formality. Finally, results indicate that parental origin had an effect in Bilbao, but not in Gernika. I situate these results within a discussion of previous work on dialect contact.

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Hernández-Ceballos, M. A., E. Brattich, and G. Cinelli. "Heat-Wave Events in Spain: Air Mass Analysis and Impacts on7Be Concentrations." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8026018.

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The present paper describes and characterizes the air mass circulation during the heat-wave events registered during the period 2005–2014 over Spain, paying special attention to the role of the Saharan circulations. Backward trajectories at 500, 1500, and 3000 m in Seville (south), Madrid (centre), and Bilbao (north) during the thirteen heat-wave events identified are analysed. Finally, the impact of the heat-wave events and of each advection pattern on7Be activity concentrations is also analysed. The heat-wave events are characterized roughly by western, southern, and nearby advections, with a higher frequency of the first two types. The analysis shows an increase of African air masses with height, presenting a different spatial impact over Spain, with a decreasing occurrence and a decrease in the simultaneous occurrence percentage from south to north. On average, the7Be activity concentrations during these events show an increase of concentrations in central (21%) and southern (18%) areas and a decrease in northern (13%) Spain. This increase is not associated with Saharan air masses but instead with the arrival of distant westerly air masses.

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Peña, Lorena, Miren Onaindia, Beatriz Fernández de Manuel, Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi, and Izaskun Casado-Arzuaga. "Analysing the Synergies and Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Services to Reorient Land Use Planning in Metropolitan Bilbao (Northern Spain)." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124376.

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In the last decades, some European cities have undergone important changes in search of a more sustainable development. This is the case for the city of Bilbao (Bizkaia, Basque Country), where a Greenbelt has been maintained surrounding the urban areas allowing the periurban areas to deliver ecosystem services (ES) to society. However, the role of the different ecosystems in the provision of ES is not the same, which can lead to conflicts among them. The aim of this study is to analyze the synergies and trade-offs among the eight most important ES in the Bilbao Metropolitan Greenbelt (BMG) to orient their management strategies towards more multifunctional landscapes. We mapped the ES and overlapped them looking for the most relevant areas for the provision of multiple ES and areas that are mostly lacking ES provision. We identify also existing ES trade-offs and synergies between ES using correlations so that managers can prioritize preservation efforts of land use types in the rest of the area. The results show that provisioning ES had trade-offs with regulating and cultural ES and the latter showed synergies between them. The former are mainly delivered by semi-natural ecosystems, while regulating and cultural ES are delivered mainly by natural ecosystems. Moreover, the most relevant areas for the provision of multiple ES were proposed as potential components of a Green Infrastructure (GI). Their identification and ES bundles could help decision-makers to orient their management strategies towards sustainability in metropolitan areas.

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Durán, Iria, and Oscar Nieto. "Water characterization in three industrialized harbours (Vigo, Bilbao and Pasajes) in North Coast of Spain." Marine Pollution Bulletin 64, no. 2 (February 2012): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.11.021.

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44

Kogler, Aurelia, and Andrew Williams. "New WLO Centre of Excellence: Institute of Leisure Studies at DEUSTO University in Bilbao/Spain." World Leisure Journal 57, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2015.1034343.

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45

Fernández-Ferrero, Alejandro, Jon Sáenz, and Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi. "Comparison of the Performance of Different Analog-Based Bayesian Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasts over Bilbao, Spain." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 3107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3284.1.

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Abstract This study evaluates the performance of different analog-based downscaling models for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts over the metropolitan area of Bilbao, Spain. The analog-based statistical downscaling models used are a probability of the exceedance models in which the probability is derived from the probabilities given by a set of analogs and three Bayesian models. Results show that the differences in the performance of the models are subtle. The simplest model, which makes no use of Bayesian methods, performs better than the other models in the forecast of very low precipitation events, very likely due to the quality of the found analogs, since these categories are very populated in the phase space and forecast is very easy. However, as precipitation rates increase, Bayesian models perform better than the simple one based on probability of exceedance from individual analogs. The Bayesian models involving precipitation in the computation of the likelihood show in general the smallest biases in the forecast versus observed probabilities.

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Saiz de Ome�aca, J., I. Ere�o, K. Atxabal, and I. Azurmendi. "Mitigation of adverse effects at the Lezama-Leguizamon abandoned open-pit mine (Bilbao, northern Spain)." Environmental Geology 22, no. 1 (September 1993): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775278.

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Loidi, Javier. "Some reflections on Vegetation Science in our days: Impressions taken from the 42nd IAVS Symposium in Bilbao (Spain), July 1999." Phytocoenologia 30, no. 3-4 (November 24, 2000): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/30/2000/279.

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Piscitelli, Adriana. "Revisiting notions of sex trafficking and victims." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, no. 1 (June 2012): 274–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100010.

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This article examines the migratory processes and work experiences of Brazilian female sex workers active in Spain. It is based on ethnographic research conducted over eleven months, at different moments between November 2004 and January 2012, in Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao and Granada. The principal argument is that the notions of prostitution and international human trafficking held by Brazilian sex workers clash with those found in the current public debate of these issues. Brazilian migrant sex workers' acts and beliefs defy political and cultural protocols on the national and international level, and fly in the face of the 'destiny' that Brazilian society laid out for these individuals.

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Carvalho, Vasco M., Juan R. Garcia, Stephen Hansen, Álvaro Ortiz, Tomasa Rodrigo, José V. Rodríguez Mora, and Pep Ruiz. "Tracking the COVID-19 crisis with high-resolution transaction data." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (August 2021): 210218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210218.

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Payments systems generate vast amounts of naturally occurring transaction data rarely used for constructing official statistics. We consider billions of transactions from card data from a large bank, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, as an alternative source of information for measuring consumption. We show, via validation against official consumption measures, that transaction data complements national accounts and consumption surveys. We then analyse the impact of COVID-19 in Spain, and document: (i) strong consumption responses to business closures, but smaller effects for capacity restrictions; (ii) a steeper decline in spending in rich neighbourhoods; (iii) higher mobility for residents of lower-income neighbourhoods, correlating with increased disease incidence.

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Lobaccaro, Acero, Martinez, Padro, Laburu, and Fernandez. "Effects of Orientations, Aspect Ratios, Pavement Materials and Vegetation Elements on Thermal Stress inside Typical Urban Canyons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 3574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193574.

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The analysis of local climate conditions to test artificial urban boundaries and related climate hazards through modelling tools should become a common practice to inform public authorities about the benefits of planning alternatives. Different finishing materials and sheltering objects within urban canyons (UCs) can be tested, predicted and compared through quantitative and qualitative understanding of the relationships between the microclimatic environment and subjective thermal assessment. This process can work as support planning instrument in the early design phases as has been done in this study that aims to analyze the thermal stress within typical UCs of Bilbao (Spain) in summertime through the evaluation of Physiologically Equivalent Temperature using ENVI-met. The UCs are characterized by different orientations, height-to-width aspect ratios, pavement materials, trees’ dimensions and planting pattern. Firstly, the current situation was analyzed; secondly, the effects of asphalt and red brick stones as streets’ pavement materials were compared; thirdly, the benefits of vegetation elements were tested. The analysis demonstrated that orientation and aspect ratio strongly affect the magnitude and duration of the thermal peaks at pedestrian level; while the vegetation elements improve the thermal comfort up to two thermophysiological assessment classes. The outcomes of this study, were transferred and visualized into green planning recommendations for new and consolidated urban areas in Bilbao.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spain Bilbao'

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