Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spain Castile'

xiii, 322 p. : col. ill.
Before Spain encountered the Americas, it first encountered the sea. This dissertation explores the roots of that encounter by examining perceptions of the sea in late medieval Castile-Leon reflected in art, literature, and law. It analyzes the changing attitudes of the Castilians towards the sea through an examination of its perceived place in their world, underscoring the complexity of Castilian attitudes toward the dangers and opportunities presented by the marine environment. Conceptual separation and union serve as the two foundational concepts employed for the analysis of evidence from each of the three genres under examination. Each genre highlights in various ways either the strong contrast drawn between land and sea or their seeming union conceptually. These complexities are manifest in a broad variety of sources, from collections of miracle tales to fifteenth century romances. Analysis of legal distinctions between land and sea reveal significant differences in perception regarding the nature of each environment and the rights and responsibilities of Castilians acting in either. Findings include that artistic sources reveal that a fearful attitude toward the sea accentuated by helplessness before its power dominated thirteenth century imagery, contrasting with the greater unity of land and sea reflected in miniatures from fifteenth century sources. A similar pattern of separation and union emerges in the literary evidence, where fear of the loss of agency when traveling at sea in early sources gives way to fifteenth century examples that praise its value. A comparison of the laws contained in the Siete Partidas with the late medieval records of the Cortes of Castile-Leon reveals that while the Castilian monarchs tended to consider the sea as firmly outside of their realm throughout the majority of the period of this study, strategic necessity led to an inexorable growth in the importance of the sea in the affairs of the kingdom generally. Together, the evidence supports the conclusion that by the mid-fourteenth century the view of the sea as other, typical of all early Castilian sources, gave way to a fifteenth century perspective that welcomed it in many respects, laying the foundation for the development of a great maritime empire.
Committee in charge: Lisa Wolverton, Chairperson; Robert Haskett, Member; David Luebke, Member; David Wacks, Outside Member

The present study is intended to contribute to our knowledge of the intellectual history of early modern Castile by examining a work which has heretofore been ignored by historians of 'Golden Age' historiography - De motu Hispaniae, an account of the Comunidades of Castile (1520-1521) written by the Spanish humanist cleric Juan Maldonado (c. 1485-1554). In the Introduction we specify the methodology to be employed - a close reading of De motu Hispaniae - and survey current scholarship on Maldonado and on the intellectual history of Castile in our period. The argument proper begins in Chapter One, where we set the stage for our textual analysis by examining what little information we possess on Maldonado's life up to and including the year in which De motu Hispaniae was completed, 1524. Special attention is given to the two aspects of Maldonado's biography which are most relevant to our inquiry - humanism and patronage. With respect to the former, we show that the two figures crucial in his education at the University of Salamanca were the humanists Christophe de Longueil and Lucio Flaminio Siculo, who inspired him to pursue a career as a teacher of the studia humanitatis and introduced him to the classical writers whose influence is most evident in De motu Hispaniae - Cicero and Sallust. We also examine the relationship between Maldonado and two of his patrons, Pedro de Cartagena and Diego Osorio, both of whom figure prominently in De motu Hispaniae. Maldonado's close ties to the latter are especially important, for in De motu Hispaniae he contrasts Osorio's loyalty during the Comunidades with the disloyalty displayed by his half-brother, the Comunero Bishop of Zamora, Antonio de Acuña., In Chapter Two we show that the comparison is modelled on Sal-lust's Bellum Catilinae, and we suggest that it may have been prompted, at least in part, by Maldonado's desire to defend his friend and patron against (false) charges that he betrayed his king during the rebellion. The bulk of Chapter Two is given over to the presentation of textual evidence from De motu Hispaniae which indicates that, in general, Maldonado subscribed to the canons and conventions which governed the practice of classical Roman historians and their Renaissance epigones. We also argue that Maldonado's 'philosophy of history' and his ideas on such historiographical basics as causation and periodization place him squarely in the humanist tradition, and distinguish him from the 'contemporary historians' of the Middle Ages, whose historiography reflected their religious training. Unlike these latter, Maldonado saw the historian's craft in remarkably secular terms, and De motu Hispaniae is devoid of the providential ism characteristic of much Castilian historiography. The best explanation for this, we suggest, is that for Maldonado, who had witnessed the political 'decline' of the early sixteenth century, the Hand of God was not easily discerned behind the destiny of Castile. Recognizing that the history of the Comunidades could not be written in pro-videntialist terms, Maldonado turned instead to a work which offered a secular interpretation of 'civil war' – Sallust's Bellum Catilinae. In Chapter Three we argue that Maldonado, a humanist is the literal sense of the word, was convinced of the value of rhetoric in public life, and committed to a 'Ciceronian' union of philosophy and eloquence. Not surprisingly, various forms of rhetorical discourse are also evident in De motu Hispaniae. After examining three aspects of this discourse oratio recta and two more or less complementary rhetorical formulae, one drawn from Sallust and the other from Cicero - we conclude that despite repeated professions of suprapartisanship, Maldonado's rhetoric reveals the depth of his ideological commitments. Our general conclusion is that Helen Nader is incorrect to assert that humanist historiography was a dead letter in sixteenth-century Castile. Our analysis of De motu Hispaniae shows otherwise, and also reveals that the two 'traditions' which Nader discerns behind the diversity of late medieval historiography contribute very little to our understanding of historical ideas during the 'Golden Age'. We suggest that an adequate understanding of this complex phenomenon might begin with a rehabilitation, with some revisions, of the currently discredited notion of an 'open Spain'.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate

Au XVIe siècle Laredo était un des ports les plus actifs des Quatre Villes de la Côte de la Mer, la façade maritime de l'actuelle Cantabrie au nord de l'Espagne. Cet essor cessa à la fin du siècle lorsque le port larédain plongea dans une crise économique profonde et irréversible. Comment expliquer cette trajectoire ?Le contexte géographique fut un obstacle majeur : la circulation vers l'arrière-pays était difficile à cause de la Cordillère Cantabrique et les infrastructures portuaires étaient particulièrement exposées aux caprices de la mer. Au XVIe siècle les Larédains jouèrent un rôle essentiel dans le transport de la laine de Castille vers les Flandres et dans l'importation de tissus et de marchandises. Laredo était alors une porte d'entrée pour tous ces produits qui étaient par la suite expédiés par les commettants larédains vers les principales places marchandes castillanes. Les connétables de Castille contribuèrent à l'essor de ce trafic. À la fin des années 1560 la rivalité avec l'Angleterre et les révoltes dans les Flandres paralysèrent les échanges commerciaux et l'économie larédaine déclina progressivement.Le XVIe siècle fut aussi pour Laredo le temps des armadas. Le port se transforma en base navale d'où la couronne expédiait soldats, matériel et argent pour ravitailler les troupes qui se battaient en Flandres. Mais à partir de 1572 Laredo cessa de jouer ce rôle au profit de Santander qui était un site plus facile à défendre. La présence de ces flottes fut à l'origine de nombreux conflits avec la population locale, mais l'organisation de ces armadas représenta pour de nombreux Larédains une source de revenus lorsqu'ils approvisionnaient les navires, ou effectuaient des réparations diverses
In the 16th century, Laredo was one of the most active harbours of the Cuatro Villas de la Costa de la Mar, the seabord of the present Cantabria Region in the North of Spain. This growth ceased at the end of the century when the harbour of Laredo plunged into a deep and irreversible economic crisis. How can we explain this reversal/this evolution?The geographical context was a major obstacle: movement of goods and people to the hinterland was difficult due to the Cantabrian mountain range, and the port infrastructures were particularly exposed to the whims of the sea.In the16th century Laredo inhabitants played an important role in the transport of wool from Castile to Flanders and in the import of fabric and goods. At that time, Laredo was a gateway for all these products, which were shipped afterwards to the main Castilian marketplaces. The constables of Castile contributed to the development of this traffic. In the late 1560s the rivalry with England and the rebellions in Flanders curbed this trading activity and the economy of Laredo gradually slumped.The 16th century was also for Laredo the time of the armadas. The harbour transformed into a naval base from which were sent soldiers, equipment and money in order to supply the troops who were fighting in Flanders. But, from 1572, Laredo stopped playing this role in favour of Santander which was an easier site to defend. The presence of the fleet was the cause of several conflicts with local people, but the organization of those armadas was for several people of Laredo a source of income when they supplied ships or when they made different repairs

Important traité philosophique portant sur l’amour et l’amitié, le Breuiloquium de amore et amicitia d’Alfonso de Madrigal, dit « El Tostado » (1401/1410-1454) comprend une synthèse des conceptions classiques et chrétiennes sur l’amour dans toutes ses formes (spirituel, familial, charnel, concupiscent) et sur l’amitié (vertueuse, politique) qui résulte de la juxtaposition d’exercices académiques et d’enseignements donnés par le Tostado à la Faculté des Arts de Salamanque. Notre travail doctoral consiste à proposer une édition critique de la première partie consacrée à l’amour, à partir des deux témoins manuscrits conservés d’un traité resté jusqu’à présent inédit. Le commentaire qui accompagne l’édition vise non seulement à éclairer la place privilégiée qu’occupe la théorie amoureuse du Tostado au sein du traité comme de l’ensemble de l’œuvre tostadienne, mais également à replacer l’élaboration de cette théorie dans le contexte de l’enseignement salmantin puis de la diffusion d’une culture universitaire au sein des milieux auliques, au moment même où se forge un premier humanisme castillan. Nous proposons enfin d’examiner si la version castillane du Breuiloquium (Breuiloquio de amor et amiçiçia) est une traduction ou une auto-traduction (comme le prétend le prologue) et de resituer cette entreprise dans l’histoire de la traduction, à une époque où ce phénomène acquiert une importance considérable. C’est sur la confrontation entre le discours théorique sur la traduction – formalisé dans un texte postérieur du Tostado – et sa mise en pratique dans l’élaboration de la version castillane que repose l’analyse traductologique réalisée
An important philosophical treaty written by Alfonso de Madrigal, also known as “El Tostado” (1401/1410-1454), the Breuiloquium de amore et amicitia sums up both the classical and the Christian conceptions of love of every kind (spiritual, physical, familial, carnal, lustful) and friendship (virtuous, political), brought together within a text that is a juxtaposition of academic exercises and of lectures given by El Tostado at the Faculty of Arts of Salamanca. This Ph. D. thesis is a critical edition of the first part of this treaty (the one dealing with love), founded on two remaining manuscripts of a text that to this day has never been published. The commentary that comes along with the edition aims at understanding the central role played by El Tostado’s love theory in the underlying logic of his treaty but also within his entire work. This commentary also seeks to grasp the construction of this love theory in the double context of the Salmantine teaching and of the diffusion of a university culture into John II’s court, at a moment when some first form of Castilian humanism was rising. Finally, this thesis tries to figure out if the Breuiloquium is a translation or an auto-translation (as stated in the prologue), and thus to understand the treaty from the point of view of the history of translations, precisely when translating reached a whole new degree of importance. The confrontation between a theoretical discourse about translation –that El Tostado formalised in a later text– and its practical dimensions in the translation from Latin to Castilian is the base upon which our traductological analysis is founded

Published Article
The quality of spin casting products and mould life are critically dependent on thermal conditions they undergo. In order to improve the performance of production and to optimise the spin-casting process, characteristics of the thermal process was firstly identified by means of the measurement and simulation. Furthermore the investigation of the developed control methods, including the thermal property substitute method and mixture method of the metal powder, was kept on the effect of air-cooling induced automatically from the spinning of the mould on the thermal process.
The air cooling system was developed to optimise the thermal process during casting, utilising a theoretical analysis of the air-flow characteristics in a cooling tube submerged in a silicon mould and the characteristics of convection heat transfer associated with the mould and cast part. A numerical simulation of the casting process was also adopted in the analysis. The effect of the developed system on the thermal process was determined experimentally and it was found that a system of aircooling, automatically induced from the spinning of the mould, is feasible in optimisation of the thermal process.
The developed control methods can be applied to the practice of spin casting individually or collectively according to the specific situations and requirements.

Published Article
Spin casting is widely used as a batch manufacturing process for decorative products. In the process, moulds are filled by taking advantage of the centrifugal effect, which is used to increase the pressure within the moulds, resulting in more detailed products. In this study, we analyse the different parameters that could affect the casting of mechanical parts through spin casting. Through this study, the user will be guided in the selection of parameters that will result in a certain degree of accuracy. The parameters were determined by performing numerous experiments using zinc alloy and tin-based pewter as casting materials. Results were obtained by casting approximately 15 000 parts in various positions, and at various clamping pressures, rotational speeds and temperatures in both the mould and the material. The experiments were undertaken by varying one parameter at a time, and with each set parameter repeated once, resulting in 100 test pieces per parameter for evaluation. From the results obtained, a series of critical factors and parameters, which are driven by part characteristics or features, has been studied. Contrary to following a modelling approach, the research was conducted following an action-research approach, with planned activities, but where actual results have defined the follow-up procedures. These guidelines will help industrial users ensure the accuracy of parts produced by spin casting. Also, since this project attempted to create a database of results that can be applied in future, it furthermore implies that the data created for the first time can be used in a numerical modelling approach in further / follow-up research. No such data was available from any previous research.

Spin coating is process often used to make thin films. A substrate covered with a polymer solution is rotated rapidly. The solution spreads due to the centrifugal force and a film is obtained once the solvent has evaporated. In organic devices, films are often deposited via spin coating. The efficiency of such devices depends on the morphology of the film, which can be controlled by changing the concentration of the solution, the polymer ratio, the solvent, the vapour pressure and the temperature. A full understanding of the dynamics of spin coated films is necessary in order to control the structure of the film. The thinning rate of spin cast films of polysterene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated using time-resolved optical reflectivity. Spin coating is usually modelled by accounting for the centrifugal forces and a constant evaporation rate. We show that an accurate modelling of the early stage of the process requires a consideration of the speed difference between the fluid and the substrate (inertial forces). We propose a model for spin coating of polymer solutions which accounts for these inertial forces, the centrifugal forces, a constant evaporation rate and a concentration depend viscosity (Huggins viscosity). This model is in good agreement with the experimental data and enables a modelling of the polymer concentration during the coating. In-situ light scattering was used to monitor development of a structure during the coating of solution of PS and PMMA in toluene solution with solvent volume fraction of 90, 86, and 88% at 21◦C. The phase separation was less pronounced as the toluene volume fraction increases. A mean field theory (Flory-Huggins) was applied, and it revealed that despite the different structure the thermodynamics of the process is unchanged and the drying rate increases with the solvent concentration. We studied how the interactions between the PS and PMMA chains affect the structure of the film by controlling the temperature prior and during coating. The experiment was performed at four temperatures: 21, 15, 7 and 0◦C. The polymer solution studied had an equal amount of PS and PMMA with toluene volume fraction of 90, 86, and 88%. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that at 0◦C these solutions enter the two phase region. There seem to be little correlation between the morphology of the film and the miscibility of the solution. The results are discussed in term of the evaporation rate, the thickness of the film and instabilities in the film due to different surface gradient (the Marangoni effect).

This study investigates the role of regional networks for economic development (RENEDs) in regions suffering from industrial dislocation. It proposes that RENEDs significantly affect regional development. It also investigates the aspects of RENEDs that promote interorganisational collaboration on projects, and examines how RENEDs foster and manage them. The research uses a case study approach, and presents two regions suffering from the decline of their main economic source. These regions are the Hunter region of New South Wales (Australia) and the Le??n province of Castilla Y Le??n (Spain). A pilot study and a survey were conducted in both regions. Three types of analysis were applied: network, statistical and qualitative. The research method makes it possible to replicate research and develop a theory of regional networks for economic development. The results show that success of RENEDs is determined by capital investment generated by the projects, their influence in changing the economic bases of the regions, and the improvement to regional network capital. This study found that frequency of communication is a structural element that significantly affects the production of projects. However, other variables affect projects, such as external pressures from globalisation, government policies and ideologies, and internal constraints from the public, private and civic sectors. This thesis concludes that RENEDs have an important role in regional planning through the formulation of specific projects that target economic disparity. RENEDs represent a system of relationship that enrich the network capital of the regions as an important asset for their future.

This master’s thesis deals with ways of lamination of ceramic tapes prepared by gel–tape casting method. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part, a literary recherche, describes methods of production of thin ceramic layers. The main focus is on the tape casting method. The second, experimental, part of the thesis describes the preparation of ceramic suspensions, the fabrication of thin ceramic layers by gel–tape casting method, the preparation of laminated bodies from thick-walled discs and laminated tapes and it also shows a possibility of creating of ceramic layers by the spin coating method used on polycrystalline ceramic substrate.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
De Novembro de 2011 a Abril de 2012, o principal objectivo foi conhecer a parasitofauna dos suínos da raça ibérica e javalis, zoonóticos e não zoonóticos, pertencentes às Comunidades Autónomas da Extremadura e Castilla y León (Espanha). O estudo parasitológico do porco Ibérico com base em amostras de fezes recolhidas antemortem e analisadas por métodos coprológicos qualitativos, quantitativo, coprocultura e Método de Baermann, em lotes de produção de 55 explorações pecuárias revelou que todas elas estavam infectadas pelo menos por um parasita, destacando a alta prevalência de Balantidium coli (94,5%), Subordem Strongylida (65,5%) e Família Eimeriidae (56,4%) e uma moderada presença de Metastrongylus spp. (23,6%), Trichuris suis (18,2%) e Ascaris suum (12,7%). Identificámos, em cinco de seis explorações estudadas, larvas L3 de Oesophagostomum spp. (83,3%). Os factores de risco obtidos a partir da análise dos inquéritos efectuados nas suiniculturas e que mais influenciam a presença de parasitas nessas explorações, são os relativos às medidas de biossegurança e às características das pocilgas (OR>1). O estudo da parasitofauna do porco Ibérico procedente de amostras biológicas recolhidas postmortem em matadouros, revelou que todos eles estavam infectados pelo menos por um parasita, destacando a alta prevalência de protozoários, Sarcocystis spp. (90,0%), B. coli (89,0%) e Família Eimeriidae (68,0%), uma moderada presença de Metastrongylus spp. (53,0% nos pulmões e 25,0% nas fezes), Toxoplasma gondii (25,9% mediante iELISA e 33,9% mediante nPCR) e T. suis (24,0%) e uma baixa prevalência de A. suum (8,0%), Subordem Strongylida (8,0%) e Echinococcus granulosus (3,0%) e a ausência de Trichinella spp. Os animais do sexo feminino foram mais susceptíveis à infecção por T. suis, os jovens a T. suis e Subordem Strongylida. Os procedentes dos municípios de Cáceres e Salorino, parecem mais susceptíveis a Metastrongylus spp., Família Eimeriidae, Subordem Strongylida e T. suis, os procedentes dos municípios de Brozas e Salorino a Sarcocystis spp. Os animais de raça 75% ibérica são mais susceptíveis a B. coli, Família Eimeriidae, Metastrongylus spp., Subordem Strongylida e T. suis e os criados em sistemas semiextensivos são mais susceptíveis a T. suis e Subordem Strongylida (p<0,05). Mediante nPCR, detectou-se, pela primeira vez na Europa, ADN de T. gondii a partir de linfonodos mesentéricos. Detectaram-se, pela técnica de McMaster, maiores cargas parasitárias para a Família Eimeriidae, seguido de Metastrongylus spp. e T. suis e menores para a Subordem Strongylida e A. suum. A espécie predominante pertencente ao género Metastrongylus é M. apri, seguida de M. salmi e de M. pudendotectus no caso do porco Ibérico e M. apri, M. pudendotectus e M. salmi no caso do javali. A carga média parasitária foi de 25 e 55 parasitas por indivíduo para o porco Ibérico e javali, respectivamente. O rácio fêmea/macho detectado foi de 2,23 e 1,5, no porco Ibérico e javali, respectivamente. No estudo da parasitofauna dos javalis proveniente de amostras biológicas postmortem recolhidas em montarias, constatámos que este animal é um reservatório de parasitas para o porco Ibérico (e vice-versa), nomeadamente B. coli, Subordem Strongylida, Família Eimeriidae, Metastrongylus spp., T. suis, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus e A. suum, pois além da relação filogenética elevada, partilham o mesmo ecossistema. Os resultados obtidos serão importantes para melhorar o programa de desparasitação e diminuir os factores de risco relacionados com a infecção dos suínos de raça ibérica em extensivo.
ABSTRACT - Between November 2011 and April 2012, the main objective was to gather information regarding the parasitofauna of Iberian pigs and wild boars, including both zoonotic and non-zoonotic agents, in Extremadura and Castile and León (Spain). The parasitological assessment of the parasitofauna of Iberian pigs through the analysis of fecal samples, collected antemortem from production lots of 55 swine farms, submitted to qualitative and quantitative laboratory techniques, fecal cultures and the Baermann technique, revealed that all the piggeries were infected by at least one parasitic agent, with emphasis on the a high prevalence of Balantidium coli (94,5%), Suborder Strongylida (65,5%) and Family Eimeriidae (56,4%) and moderate prevalence of Metastrongylus spp. (23,6%), Trichuris suis (18,2%) and Ascaris suum (12,7%); in five of six swine farms studied, we identified Oesophagostomum spp. L3 larvae (83,3%). The analysis of the data obtained from the inquiry forms, filled by farm owners/managers, revealed that the main risk factors which influence the presence of parasitic agents on those swine farms, are related with biosecurity measures and the characteristics of the pigpens (OR>1). The study of the individual parasitofauna of Iberian pigs, through the examination of biological samples collected postmortem in slaughterhouses, showed that all specimens were infected by at least one parasitic species, with highlight to the high prevalence of protozoa, such as Sarcocystis spp. (90,0%), B. coli (89,0%) and members of Family Eimeriidae (68,0%), moderate presence of Metastrongylus spp. (53,0% in lungs and 25% in faeces), Toxoplasma gondii (25,9% with ELISA and 33,9% with nPCR) and T. suis (24,0%), low prevalence of A. suum (8,0%), Suborder Strongylida (8,0%) and Echinococcus granulosus (3,0%) and an absence of Trichinella spp. Female animals were more prone to T. suis infections, as well as the young ones, which are also more susceptible to parasitic agents of Suborder Strongylida. Animals from Cáceres and Salorino seem more vulnerable to Metastrongylus spp., Family Eimeriidae, Suborder Strongylida and T. suis, and those from Brozas and Salorino to Sarcocystis spp. Pigs 75% Iberian are more prone to B. coli, Family Eimeriidae, Metastrongylus spp., Suborder Strongylida and T. suis, and those raised under semi-extensive production systems are more susceptible to T. suis and Suborder Strongylida (p<0,05). By means of nPCR, it was detected, for the first time in Europe, T. gondii DNA, from mesenteric lymph nodes. We also detected, with the McMaster technique, higher parasite loads for Family Eimeriidae, followed by Metastrongylus spp. and T. suis, and lower for Suborder Strongylida and A. suum. The predominant species of the genus Metastrongylus is M. apri, followed by M. salmi and M. pudendotectus, referring to the Iberian pig, and M. apri, M. pudendotectus and M. salmi in the wild boar. The determined average parasitic load was 25 and 55 parasites per individual in the Iberian pig and wild boar, respectively; the observed male/female ratio 2,23 for the Iberian pig and 1,5 for the wild boar. The study of the parasitic fauna of wild boars obtained by means of analysis of postmortem biological samples, revealed this animal constitutes a reservoir for parasitic agents of the Iberian pig, namely, B. coli, Suborder Strongylida, Family Eimeriidae, Metastrongylus spp., T. suis, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and A. suum, which is not surprising since they share a close phylogenetic relationship and the same ecosystem. The obtained results will be relevant as a means of improving the deworming programs and diminishing the risk factors associated with the infection of Iberian pigs raised under extensive production systems.

Souvent méconnues, les beatas de la Couronne de Castille, réunies en petites communautésappelées beaterios, ont jusqu’à présent très peu attiré l’attention de l’historiographie. Considérées commedes femmes laïques se livrant, au milieu du XVe siècle, à des formes de dévotions populaires et à despratiques mystiques jugées hétérodoxes, les beatas recouvrent pourtant une réalité plurielle et complexeque cette thèse entend approfondir. Un dépouillement minutieux de sources inédites dispersées enEspagne et au Vatican a permis de bâtir une vaste enquête prosopographique sur 195 beaterios et354 beatas, dont l’objectif est de mieux définir et appréhender la naissance, l’implantation géographiqueet la répartition de ces foyers dans les royaumes et les villes de Castille, entre 1450 et 1600. Notrerecherche se propose donc d’appréhender les modes de vie et les pratiques spirituelles de cescommunautés féminines dans leur diversité, en insistant sur leur engagement caritatif et leur intégrationdans la société et la vie religieuse castillanes des XVe et XVIe sièclesement le nombre et la répartition de ces foyers, et d’autre part, pour connaître et comprendre leur intégration, leur mode de vie, et définir de la sorte les conditions d’existence éphémère de ces communautés. L’étude de la singularité des pratiques, de l’entourage et des parcours des beatas analysées tout au long de ce travail, permettra, selons nous, de proposer une réflexion mûrie et nuancée sur l’implication de la beata dans la vie sociale et religieuse castillane des XVe et XVIe siècles
The little-known beatas from the Crown of Castile, who often lived together in smallcommunities called beaterios, have so far drawn little attention from historians. They are usuallyconsidered, in fairly general terms, as mid-15th century lay women who practised popular forms ofdevotion and a form of mysticism which fell foul of the Catholic orthodoxy. Actually, the beatasconstituted a plural, complex phenomenon that this thesis endeavours to explore. Indeed, the carefulanalysis of original sources from various locations in Spain as well as in the Vatican City leads to awide-randing prosopographical survey of 195 beaterios and 354 beatas, in order to better understand thecreation, geography and distribution of these communities in the kingdom and towns of Castile,between 1450 and 1600. This thesis offers to consider the diversity of lifestyles and spiritual practicesof these female communities, with a focus on their charitable work and their integration in Castiliansociety and religious life in the 15th and 16th centuries

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A educação de alunos surdos é um tema muito importante em diversas discussões acadêmicas de vários países. Este caráter internacional possibilita uma perspectiva de aproximação e dialogo entre diferentes contextos. O presente estudo pretendeu investigar o sistema educativo espanhol (Castilla-La Mancha) no que diz respeito à sua organização e às práticas pedagógicas para crianças surdas que frequentam a educação infantil e primária com vistas a oferecer possibilidades de reflexão para o contexto brasileiro. O trabalho foi alicerçado em uma perspectiva metodológica de abordagem qualitativa e documental, do tipo exploratório e teve como proposta a pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro centros educativos da província de Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha – ES). Os participantes foram: 5 professores Tutores, 4 professores de Audição e Linguagem, 4 professores de Pedagogia Terapêutica, 2 intérpretes, 4 orientadores, 1 responsável legal pela organização do ensino para a diversidade da Secretaria de Educação de Guadalajara, 1 responsável pela Associação de Surdos da cidade e os pais de um dos alunos surdos, perfazendo assim um total de 21 profissionais envolvidos, além dos 5 alunos surdos e dos pais de um destes alunos que se dispuseram a conceder uma entrevista. Foram realizadas entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com os participantes da pesquisa, observações nos quatro centros investigados e análise de documentos dos mesmos no tocante à educação especial. A partir da análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias: organização do ensino na Espanha; sobre os alunos; sobre a prática pedagógica e adaptações curriculares e sobre a linguagem. Os resultados indicaram que, no contexto espanhol, são encontradas diversas modalidades comunicativas para o surdo, porém, há a predominância da aquisição da linguagem oral, a qual está associada à utilização dos sinais da LSE e demais gestos como ferramentas para a aquisição da mesma, sendo estas consideradas alternativas complementares. Os dados revelaram que os profissionais que atuam com alunos surdos não devem assumir uma posição apriorística radical em relação a uma modalidade comunicativa, mas sim considerar as condições da criança surda e seu desenvolvimento comunicativo, cognitivo, linguístico e acadêmico. Indicaram ainda a importância de práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas e da coletividade e parceria existente entre os profissionais para planejamento e medidas efetivas para a escolarização e atendimento deste alunado. Nos dois contextos evidenciaram-se debates divergentes sobre a educação de surdos e as modalidades linguísticas utilizadas em sua escolarização. Em vista disso, consideramos a importância do equilíbrio entre os distintos posicionamentos, uma vez que o que está em questão é o desenvolvimento cognitivo e comunicativo da criança surda. Dessa forma, por meio deste estudo oportunizamos questionamentos e possibilidades de reflexão para o contexto brasileiro e perspectivas para pesquisas futuras a partir da realidade espanhola.
The education of deaf students is a very important topic in many academic discussions in several countries. This international character allows a perspective of approximation and dialogue between different contexts. This study aimed to investigate the Spanish educational system in relation to its organization and inclusive pedagogical practices for deaf children enrolled in primary and secondary education in Guadalajara (Castilla-La Mancha / ES) and relate the investigated reality with research results in the Brazilian context thinking about the possibilities and questions for the same context. To discuss these issues, the present work was based on a methodological perspective of a qualitative approach, of the exploratory type and had as proposal a field research in four educational centers. The participants of the research are: 5 Tutors, 4 Teachers of Hearing and Language, 4 Teachers of Therapeutic Pedagogy, 2 Interpreters, 4 Supervisors, 1 professional of the Secretary of Education of Guadalajara responsible for the organization of teaching for the diversity of the city, and 1 director for the Deaf Association of the City, totaling 21 professionals involved, in addition to 5 deaf students. We did semi-structured interviews with the professionals involved in the research, and observations in the four centers investigated, and analysis of their documents on special education. From the data analysis, the following categories emerged: organization of teaching in Spain; about students; on pedagogical practice and curricular adaptations and on language. The results indicated that, in the Spanish context, are found different communicative modalities for the deaf, however, there is a predominance of oral language acquisition, which is associated with the use of LSE signs and other gestures as a means of acquiring the same, and are therefore considered complementary alternatives to it. The data revealed that professionals who work with deaf students should not assume a radical position in relation to a communicative modality, but should consider the conditions of the deaf child and his communicative, cognitive, linguistic and academic development. They also indicated the importance of differentiated pedagogical practices and of the collective and existing partnership among professionals for planning and effective measures for the schooling and attendance of this student. In both contexts there were divergent debates on the education of the deaf and the language modalities used in their schooling. In view of this, we consider the importance of the balance between the different positions, since what is at issue is the cognitive and communicative development of the deaf child. Thus, through this study, we offer questions and possibilities for reflection in the Brazilian context and perspectives for future research based on the Spanish reality.

This dissertation uses scientific analysis of pottery to examine social and economic process at a Phoenician colony in the Bay of Cádiz, Spain. Previous research on the Phoenician colonial economies has neglected social and diachronic dynamics, due to a lack of adequate data and proper theoretical frameworks. I address these shortcomings by examining the relative effect of the colonial encounter on Phoenician and indigenous potters, and studying changes in the organization of production over the duration of the Phoenician colonization. I accomplish this using a ‘colonial economic history,’ which combines a critical postcolonial perspective, anthropological methods for the study of production and knowledge transmission, and scientific (chemical, microscopic) data. I apply this approach to 169 pottery fragments from the site of El Castillo de Doña Blanca (CDB). The sample is structured to allow a comparison of Phoenician and indigenous practices, and of four chronological phases spanning the 8th to 6th centuries BCE. Visual examination of the samples combined with Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), and petrographic microscopy provides a basis for identifying technological practices and trends related to raw material use, vessel formation, and surface treatment. These in turn are used to infer the organization of production, and continuity in knowledge transmission among potters. The results shed light on the effect that the colonial environment had on the activities of both indigenous and Phoenician producers, as well as on CDB’s economic development, between c. 750 and 550 BCE.
Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations

Orientadores: Paulo Miceli, Denis Menjot
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A tese analisa das referências imperiais na política de D. Afonso V, rei do Portugal, entre 1448 e 1481. Na primeira parte, Mutação do lmperium foi estudada a dilatação jurídica de ímperium sobre os territórios marítimos adânticos e sobre domínios que os portugueses conquistaram no Norte da África. Na segunda parte, Construção do Império, analisamos como o cronista do rei, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, estabeleceu relações entre a história de Portugal e os Impérios históricos (Romano e Visigodo) e como referências bíblicas, entre elas destacamos a noção de Reino Eleito, de forte apelo universalista, constituiu referências fundamentais à política expansionista. Na terceira parte da tese, A. Restauração do Império, apresentamos a análise das pretensões imperiais do rei D. Afonso V, através da análise de dois aspectos da política externa. O casamento de sua irmã, Leonor de Portugal, com o Imperador Frederico III, Habsburgo e sua elevação ao título de imperatriz. O siêncio sobre a união nos permitiu de compreender porque o ideal imperial, cultivado pelo rei, distancia-se da referência imperial romano-germânica. Finalmente, o estudo sobre a guerra peninsular de D. Afonso contra Isabel de Castela e Fernando I de Aragão, durante o período de 1475 a 1479, explicita sua intenção de unificar a península Ibérica, reconstituindo a unidade mítica. Neste breve período, o rei reuniu todos os meios a seu alcance e tentou assumir o governo de Coroa de Castela através do casamento de Joana. Paralelamente, uma aliança feita com Luís XI, rei de França, também alimentou os planos de divisão dos territórios de Aragão, entre Portugal e França.
Abstract: This study analyses de imperial aspects of the politics of D. Afonso V, king of Portugal (1448-1481). The first part of the work is composed by the study of the dilatation of the juridical notion of imperium, concerning the atlantics and africans Portuguese possessions The second part studies how the historian of the king, Zurara, presented Portugal as an heir of the Roman and Visigoth empires and how the notion of elected kingdom, that carries a strong sense of universal monarchy, made part of the fundamental political ideals that sustained the expansion in Africa and at the Atlantic islands. At the last part, we present the imperial intents of the king through the study of his external politic with the Holy Empire and the Crown of Castile. The marriage of the sister's king, Leonor, with the emperor Frederick III, Habsburg, is the first aspect analysed. The silence about this union gave us means to understand why the ideal of Empire of the Portuguese king was very different of the roman germanic reference. Finally, we study the war between Portugal and Castile, against Isabel, the future Catholic queen, during the period 1475 and 1479. The king of Portugal tried to assume the government of the Crown, by marrying Jane, princess and heir of the Castile. Also, the plains signed between Louis XI, king of France and Afonso V, in 1475, shows that the portuguese king and French king intended to prepare a war agains Crown of Aragon and share their territories. The politic of Afonso inside Iberia explicated his aim of "re-unify" the peninsula under his control.
Doutorado
Historia
Doutor em História

Organic solar cells (OSC) are interesting as low cost alternative to conventional solar cells. Unsubstituted Metal-phthalocyanines (Pc) are excellent electron donating molecules for heterojunction OSC. Usually organic solar cells with Pcs are produced by vapor deposition, although solution based deposition (like spin casting) is cheaper and offers more possibilities to control the structure of the film. With solution based deposition several parameters (like temperature, solvent and etc.) affect the self-organized structure formation via nucleation and growth. The reason why vapor deposition is typically used is the poor solubility of the metal-phthalocyanines in most common solvents. Furthermore the process of nucleation and growth of Pc aggregates from solution is not well understood. For preparation of Pc films from solution, it is necessary to find the appropriate solvents, assess the solution deposition techniques, such as dip coating, and spin casting. It is necessary to understand the nucleation and growth process for aggregation/precipitation and to use this knowledge to produce nanostructures appropriate for OSC. This is important because the nanostructure of the films determines their performance. In this thesis, optical absorption and the stability of 8 different unsubstituted metal Pc’s were studied quantitatively in 28 different solvents. Among the several solution based deposited thin films produced based on this study, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is chosen as a model system for an in-depth study. CuPc has sufficient solubility and stability in TFA and upon solution processing forms appropriate structures for OSCs. CuPc molecules aggregate into layers of nanoribbons with a thickness of ~ 1 nm and an adjustable width and length. The morphology and the number of deposited layers in the thin films are controlled by different parameters, like temperature and solution concentration. Material properties of CuPc deposited from TFA are studied in detail via x-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphology of the dried film. The mechanism of the formation of CuPc nanoribbons from spin casted CuPc/TFA solution in ambient temperature is investigated and explained. The parameters (e.g. solution concentration profile) governing nucleation and growth are calculated based on the spin casting theory of a binary mixture of a nonvolatile solute and evaporative solvent. Based on this and intermolecular interactions between CuPc and substrate a nucleation and growth model is developed explaining the aggregation of CuPc in a supersaturated TFA solution. Finally, a solution processed thin film of CuPc is applied as a donor layer in a functioning bilayer heterojunction OSC and the influence of the structure on OSC performance is studied.
In den vergangenen Jahren wurden kosteneffiziente nasschemische Beschichtungsverfahren für die Herstellung organischer Dünnfilme für verschiedene opto-elektronische Anwendungen entdeckt und weiterentwickelt. Unter anderem wurden Phthalocyanin-Moleküle in photoaktiven Schichten für die Herstellung von Solarzellen intensiv erforscht. Aufgrund der kleinen bzw. unbekannten Löslichkeit wurden Phthalocyanin-Schichten durch Aufdampfverfahren im Vakuum hergestellt. Des Weiteren wurde die Löslichkeit durch chemische Synthese erhöht, was aber die Eigenschaften von Pc beeinträchtigte. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Löslichkeit, optische Absorption und Stabilität von 8 verschiedenen unsubstituierten Metall-Phthalocyaninen in 28 verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln quantitativ gemessen. Wegen ausreichender Löslichkeit, Stabilität und Anwendbarkeit in organischen Solarzellen wurde Kupferphthalocyanin (CuPc) in Trifluoressigsäure (TFA) für weitere Untersuchungen ausgewählt. Durch die Rotationsbeschichtung von CuPc aus TFA Lösung wurde ein dünner Film aus der verdampfenden Lösung auf dem Substrat platziert. Nach dem Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels, die Nanobändern aus CuPc bedecken das Substrat. Die Nanobänder haben eine Dicke von etwa ~ 1 nm (typische Dimension eines CuPc-Molekül) und variierender Breite und Länge, je nach Menge des Materials. Solche Nanobändern können durch Rotationsbeschichtung oder auch durch andere Nassbeschichtungsverfahren, wie Tauchbeschichtung, erzeugt werden. Ähnliche Fibrillen-Strukturen entstehen durch Nassbeschichtung von anderen Metall-Phthalocyaninen, wie Eisen- und Magnesium-Phthalocyanin, aus TFA-Lösung sowie auf anderen Substraten, wie Glas oder Indium Zinnoxid. Materialeigenschaften von aufgebrachten CuPc aus TFA Lösung und CuPc in der Lösung wurden ausführlich mit Röntgenbeugung, Spektroskopie- und Mikroskopie Methoden untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Nanobänder nicht in der Lösung, sondern durch Verdampfen des Lösungsmittels und der Übersättigung der Lösung entstehen. Die Rasterkraftmikroskopie wurde dazu verwendet, um die Morphologie des getrockneten Films bei unterschiedlicher Konzentration zu studieren. Der Mechanismus der Entstehung der Nanobändern wurde im Detail studiert. Gemäß der Keimbildung und Wachstumstheorie wurde die Entstehung der CuPc Nanobänder aus einer übersättigt Lösung diskutiert. Die Form der Nanobändern wurde unter Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen den Molekülen und dem Substrat diskutiert. Die nassverarbeitete CuPc-Dünnschicht wurde als Donorschicht in organischen Doppelschicht Solarzellen mit C60-Molekül, als Akzeptor eingesetzt. Die Effizienz der Energieumwandlung einer solchen Zelle wurde entsprechend den Schichtdicken der CuPc Schicht untersucht.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2004.
Title from title page screen (viewed [Jan.] [18], 2005). Thesis advisor: Robert Bast. Document formatted into pages (vi, 72 p.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-71).

abstract: The Iberian Queen Sancha (r.1037-1065), of the kingdom of León and Castile has received minimal attention from scholars. As the last Leonese heir, Sancha had the sole responsibility of ensuring that imperial traditions of patronage never waned. Her acts of giving and the commissioning of objects have been attributed by (male) scholars as an obligation to legitimize her husband, Fernando I of Castile. Persuasive evidence found in documents suggests that her involvement in donation transactions was predicated on more than formality. My thesis argues that Sancha used the act of giving, the act of commissioning objects, language in documents, and the powerful institution of the infantazgo, to assert an agency identical to her male predecessors to gain political influence. Creating a “donor profile” of Sancha that examines the total of her donating practices enables the exploration of her conscious and unconscious motives for donation. My investigation into these acts supports a new theory that the building construction projects of Sancha and Fernando I began at the beginning of their reign rather than after 1053 as is currently believed. As the first woman to use the titles regine emperatriz and regina totius Hispaniae, Queen Sancha did more than just legitimize her husband, she built a legacy that established a new female center of power in León that endured until the thirteenth century.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Art History 2017

Dissertação de mestrado em Structural Analysis of Monuments and Historical Construction
The Castle of Arbeteta, Guadalajara (Spain) is strategically located on top of the cliff rocks with a drawbridge as its only entrance. The castle has undergone various changes in over the time of centuries. It was once a two storey structure, of which only the ruins of the external walls exist. The castle is in a continuous state of degradation due to abandonment. Currently, there is an ongoing intervention project where a new use is going to be given to the castle. This will inevitably alter the current state of the existing structure. Preliminary inspection works and a detailed archaeological survey was carried out which specified the phases of construction of different sections of the castle. However, there is still need of a better characterization of the stone masonry walls and their structural behaviour. The main research question of the present thesis deals with the possible influence of the construction evolution of the castle on its structural behaviour. The thesis thus try to link two commonly separated and hermetic fields from the conservation projects: archaeological survey and structural analysis. For that matter, a non-destructive campaign consisting of indirect sonic tests and dynamic identification, which aimed at a thorough characterization of all the structural elements was planned. The campaign was carefully planned according to an archaeological research previously carried out. Secondly, a numerical model was made to analyse the structural behaviour of the castle, based upon photogrammetry model and the same archaeological survey. The experimental data collected through indirect sonic tests and dynamic identification was used to calibrate the model.. The results of the thesis show that indeed taking into account the archaeological findings improved our knowledge on the structural behaviour of the castle and has to be taken into account before carrying out a rigorous structural analysis.
O castelo de Arbeteta, em Guadalajara (Espanha) está estratégicamente situado no topo de um penhasco rocoso que tem uma ponte levadiça como unico acesso. O castelo tem sido submetido a muitos cambios e alterações estruturais durante estes séculos. Num momento da sua história, o castelo era uma estrutura de dois andares, dos que agora só as ruinas das paredes de alvenaria de pedra exteriores ainda existem. O castelo está agora num processo de degradação continuo devido ao seu abandono. No momento, existe um projeto de intervenção no castelo e um novo uso vai ser proposto no castelo. Esto vai alterar inevitavelmente o estado atual da estrutura existente. Inspeções preliminares do castelo e um levantamento arqueologico detalhado foram realizados e ajudaram a identificar as diferentes fases de construção nas diferentes partes do castelo. Contudo, uma melhor caracterização das paredes de alvenaria de pedras é necessária, para ajudar a compreender melhor o seu comportamento estrutural. Esta investigação estuda principalmente a possível influência da evolução estrutural do castelo no seu comportamento estrutural. A tese portanto trata de ligar dois campos necessários nos projetos de conservação que estão normalmente separados e muito compartimentados: o levantamento arqueologico e a análise estrutural. Com este objetivo, uma campaha de ensaios experimentais não destrutivos que incluiu ensaios sónicos indireitos e ensaios de identificação dinâmica foi planejada e destinada a caracterizar em detalhe todos os elementos estruturais do castelo. A campanha foi planejada cuidadosamente de acordo à investigação arqueologica previamente realizada. Numa segunda parte do trabalho, um modelo numerico foi preparado para analisar o comportamento estrutural do castelo, baseado no modelo fotogrametrico e no levantamento arqueologico. Os resultados experimentais recoletados dos ensaios sonicos e dinamicos foram usados para calibrar o modelo numérico. A tese mostra que, de fato, a consideração das descobertas arqueologicas melhoraram o entendimento do comportamento estrutural do castelo e tem de ser tidos em conta antes de realizar um análise estrutural rigoroso.

Beginning in the 16th century, the Isthmus of Panama was identified as a region of strategic importance. Although mountainous and prone to adverse weather, it provided the most direct route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. During this period the Isthmus served as the primary route for the shipments of silver and gold extracted from the mines of Peru. The bullion was transported via coastal armadas from Peru to Panamá la Vieja, where it was loaded onto pack mules and hauled across the Isthmus to Nombre de Dios until 1597, and after that to Portobelo. Once the bullion arrived at the Caribbean port cities it was transferred to the ships of the Armada de la Guardia de la Carrera de Indias and shipped across the Atlantic to the royal coffers of Spain. Because of the Isthmus’s role in the transportation of valuable commodities, it quickly became a region prone to attacks by pirates and privateers looking to profit from the plunder of Spanish assets. Thus the Spanish crown began a campaign to defend the Isthmus early on and repeatedly adapted its defensive strategy in order to meet the ever-changing tactics of the pirates and privateers. This thesis investigates the history of the Isthmus of Panama and the ways in which Spain defended this strategically significant locale during the 16th century. It incorporates an historical analysis of the tactics planned, ordered, and executed by the crown; an overview of the most relevant structural remains of the fortifications built during this period; and a synopsis of previous archaeological investigations, as well as the prospects of future archaeological research. The thesis begins with a brief history of the three main cities located on the Isthmus as well as a general description of the geography and climate in order to better explain the challenges faced by the inhabitants, soldiers, and attackers in this region. It then discusses the strategic importance of the Isthmus as it was perceived in the 16th century. Since defense would not have been necessary had it not been for the presence of pirates and privateers, the history of attacks on the Isthmus is discussed, and a general overview of piracy in the Spanish Main during the period under analysis is presented. Lastly, the archaeological work previously undertaken in the region is examined and summarized, and recommendations for further research are provided in an effort to provide a basis for future study of the ships and infrastructure used during this era for the defense of the Isthmus of Panama.

This thesis examines the development of a superstructure for a slab-on-girder wood-concrete composite highway bridge. Wood-concrete composite bridges have existed since the 1930's. Historically, they have been limited to spans of less than 10 m. Renewed research interest over the past two decades has shown great potential for longer span capabilities. Through composite action and suitable detailing, improvements in strength, stiffness, and durability can be achieved versus conventional wood bridges. The bridge makes use of a slender ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) deck made partially-composite in longitudinal bending with glued-laminated wood girders. Longitudinal external unbonded post-tensioning is utilized to increase span capabilities. Prefabrication using double-T modules minimizes the need for cast-in-place concrete on-site. Durability is realized through the highly impermeable deck slab that protects the girders from moisture. Results show that the system can span up to 30 m while achieving span-to-depth ratios equivalent or better than competing slab-on-girder bridges.