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Journal articles on the topic 'Spain Castile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ruiz de Gopegui, Antonio, Elena De Paz, Raquel Alonso, Noelia Ferreras, Raquel M. García, Sara Alonso, Alberto Rodríguez, and Marta Eva García. "Aportaciones al conocimiento de la orquidoflora palentina (España). Contributions to the knowledge of the orchids of Palencia (Spain)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 35 (December 1, 2010): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v35i0.2890.

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Contributions to the knowledge of the orchids of Palencia (Spain) Palabras clave. Orchidaceae, corología, conservación, Palencia, Castilla y León, España. Key words. Orchidaceae, chorology, conservation, Palencia, Castile and León, Spain.

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Rodríguez García, Alberto. "Damasonium bourgaei Coss. (Alismataceae), novedad corológica para Castilla y León (España)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 44 (October 9, 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v44i0.5321.

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Se aporta una nueva cita de Damasonium bourgaei Coss. en Palencia, en el humedal recuperado de El Hoyo (ZEC Laguna de La Nava), que supone novedad corológica regional para Castilla y León.Damasonium bourgaei Coss. (Alismataceae), new record for Castile and Leon (Spain)Palabras clave: Corología, Alismataceae, Damasonium bourgaei, novedad, Palencia, Castilla y León.Key words: Chorology, Alismataceae, Damasonium bourgaei, new record, Palencia, Castile and Leon.

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Fernández García-Rojo, Carlos, and Carlos Salazar Mendías. "Actualización del catálogo florístico de Sierra Morena oriental (centro-sur de la Península Ibérica, España)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 44 (October 2, 2019): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v44i0.5399.

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Update of the floristic catalog of Eastern Sierra Morena (south-central Iberian Peninsula, Spain).Palabras clave: Corología, flora vascular, Ciudad Real, Jaén, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Andalucía.Key words: Chorology, vascular flora, Ciudad Real, Jaén, Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Andalusia.

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4

Lehfeldt, Elizabeth A. "Ruling Sexuality: The Political Legitimacy of Isabel of Castile*." Renaissance Quarterly 53, no. 1 (2000): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901532.

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This article examines the gendered construction of power during the reign of Isabel of Castile (1474-1504). The construction of her political legitimacy was based on her manipulation of her gender and sexuality intended to contrast with the perceived shortcomings of her brother, Enrique IV. Enrique's critics had impugned his sexuality and attacked his inability to deliver Spain into a golden age. By aligning Isabel with sexually chaste models and emphasizing her ability to redeem Spain both because of and despite her gender, Isabel's partisans crafted an image that allowed her to transcend the misogynist tropes that attacked female rule.

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Montero, J. C., I. J. Mirón, J. J. Criado-Álvarez, C. Linares, and J. Díaz. "Mortality from cold waves in Castile — La Mancha, Spain." Science of The Total Environment 408, no. 23 (November 2010): 5768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.086.

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6

Simpson, Roger. "Building Arthurian Castles in Spain: William Sotheby's Constance de Castile." Arthuriana 11, no. 4 (2001): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2001.0009.

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Gil-Crespo, Ignacio-Javier. "Late Medieval Castles Built with Rammed Earth in Castile, Spain." Journal of Architectural Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 2017): 04017013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000259.

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del Río, Sara, Ángel Penas, and Roberto Fraile. "Analysis of recent climatic variations in Castile and Leon (Spain)." Atmospheric Research 73, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.06.005.

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9

Williams, Patrick. "Lerma, Old Castile and the Travels of Philip III of Spain." History 73, no. 239 (October 1988): 379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.1988.tb02158.x.

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Rivera, Diego, Alonso Verde, José Fajardo, Concepción Obón, Vicente Consuegra, José García-Botía, Segundo Ríos, et al. "Ethnopharmacology in the Upper Guadiana River area (Castile-La Mancha, Spain)." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 241 (September 2019): 111968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.111968.

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11

Nebreda-Mayoral, Teresa, M. Fé Brezmes-Valdivieso, Nieves Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre, Susana García-de Cruz, Cristina Labayru-Echeverría, Ramiro López-Medrano, Luis López-Urrutia-Lorente, Almudena Tinajas-Puertas, and Octavio Rivero-Lezcano. "Human Mycobacterium bovis infection in Castile and León (Spain), 2006–2015." Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) 37, no. 1 (January 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eimce.2018.10.001.

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12

Rí o, Sara Del, and Á. ngel Penas. "Potential areas of evergreen forests in Castile and Leon (Spain) according to future climate change." Phytocoenologia 36, no. 1 (March 20, 2006): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0340-269x/2006/0036-0045.

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13

Wright, Robyn. "Regional perceptions of the 'ejque'." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 10, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.10.1.5677.

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This paper explores the language attitudes of listeners from six different regions of Spain, Asturias, Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha, the Canary Islands, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, towards a nonsibilant variant of coda /s/, the velarized /s/. This velar pronunciation, known by some as the ejque madrileño, has previously been found to index a Madrid identity for Madrileño listeners, though the traits ascribed such a speaker are quite negative. The current paper finds that like Madrileños themselves, participants from Asturias and Castile and León also associate velarized /s/ with Madrid. Participants from Castile-La Mancha, the Canary Islands, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands do not consider the velarized variant to be Madrileño. Furthermore, differing judgments of the nonsibilant /s/ are found among the regions tested, with participants from Catalonia and the Balearic Islands showing the most negative judgments while participants from Castile-La Mancha show no negative variable effect in their judgments. It is found that all of these out-group listeners do not show as severe of judgments as those seen by in-group members (Madrilenos themselves) in previous literature.

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14

Taylor, Scott. "CREDIT, DEBT, AND HONOR IN CASTILE, 1600-1650." Journal of Early Modern History 7, no. 1 (2003): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006503322487331.

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AbstractBased largely on the findings of anthropologists of the Mediterranean in the twentieth century, the traditional understanding of honor in early modern Spain has been defined as a concern for chastity, for women, and a willingness to protect women's sexual purity and avenge affronts, for men. Criminal cases from Castile in the period 1600-1650 demonstrate that creditworthiness was also an important component of honor, both for men and for women. In these cases, early modern Castilians became involved in violent disputes over credit, invoking honor and the rituals of the duel to justify their positions and attack their opponents. Understanding the connection between credit, debt, and honor leads us to update the anthropological models that pre-modern European historians employ, on the one hand, and to a new appreciation for the way seventeenth-century Castilians understood their public reputations and identity, on the other.

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Galán Andrés, Maria Isabel, Valeriana Guijo Blanco, Inés Casado Verdejo, José Antonio Iglesias Guerra, and Daniel Fernández García. "Self-Medication of Drugs in Nursing Students from Castile and Leon (Spain)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041498.

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To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26–3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74–4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students’ family (1.31;1.03–1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28–6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89–1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59–2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50–7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline’s curriculum.

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16

Guillén, Jesús Martínez. "THE BORDÁZAR MEMORANDUM: COST CALCULATION IN SPANISH PRINTING DURING THE 18TH CENTURY." Accounting Historians Journal 32, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.32.2.81.

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Since the first printers settled in Castile, books were regulated as a basic necessity and their retail prices were controlled. The bestselling works were sacred prayer books. The printing monopoly in Castile was enjoyed by a Flemish workshop (Plantin). In 1732 Antonio Bordázar de Artazu, authored, printed and distributed to the authorities a Memorandum in which he tried to prove that Spanish printers were able to print books at lower prices and still maintain quality standards. This Memorandum presented a costing model, and provides an early example of the use of cost accounting to challenge a monopoly in Spain.

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17

Krebs, Katharine C. "Robert White: A River in Spain: Discovering the Duero Valley in Old Castile. London and New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers. 1998. 192 pp. $18.95." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 15, no. 1 (December 19, 2007): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.229.

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A refreshingly unique travel guide, A River in Spain: Discovering the Duero Valley in Old Castile, invites us to think differently about the way we prepare for and conduct our activities as travelers. Spain’s Duero River valley, mostly overlooked by travelers, is a region of magnificent visual beauty and significant historic interest.

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García-Ortega, E., M. T. Trobajo, L. López, and J. L. Sánchez. "Synoptic patterns associated with wildfires caused by lightning in Castile and Leon, Spain." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 16, 2011): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-851-2011.

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Abstract. The Iberian Peninsula presents the highest number of wildfires in Europe. In the NW of Spain in particular, wildfires are the natural risk with the greatest economic impact in this region. Wildfires caused by lightning are closely related to the triggering of convective phenomena. The prediction of thunderstorms is a very complex task because these weather events have a local character and are highly dependent on mesoscale atmospheric conditions. The development of convective storms is directly linked to the existence of a synoptic environment favoring convection. The aim of this study is to classify the atmospheric patterns that provide favorable environments for the occurrence of wildfires caused by lightning in the region of Castile and Leon, Spain. The database used for the study contains 376 wildfire days from the period 1987–2006. NCEP data reanalysis has been used. The atmospheric fields used to characterise each day were: geopotential heights and temperatures at 500 hPa and 850 hPa, relative humidity and the horizontal wind at 850 hPa. A Principal Component Analysis in T-mode followed by a Cluster Analysis resulted in a classification of wildfire days into five clusters. The characteristics of these clusters were analysed and described, focusing particularly on the study of those wildfire days in which more than one wildfire was detected. In these cases the main feature observed was the intensification of the disturbance typical of the cluster to which the wildfire belongs.

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19

Sierra-Martinez, I., L. Sierra-Martinez, R. Martinez-Fuerte, and N. Sanz-González. "P-334: The epidemiology of distal radius fractures in Castile and Leon (Spain)." European Geriatric Medicine 6 (September 2015): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30431-9.

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20

Caballero, Rafael. "Typology of cereal-sheep farming systems in Castile-La Mancha (south-central Spain)." Agricultural Systems 68, no. 3 (June 2001): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(01)00009-9.

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21

Bilbao, J., A. De Miguel, A. Ayuso, and J. A. Franco. "Iso-radiation maps for tilted surfaces in the Castile and Leon region, Spain." Energy Conversion and Management 44, no. 9 (June 2003): 1575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(02)00161-9.

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22

Boal, Iván, and Luis César Herrero. "Where are the artists? Analysing economies of agglomeration in Castile and León, Spain." Papers in Regional Science 97, no. 4 (September 28, 2017): 995–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12314.

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23

García Redondo, Natalia, Ángel Carrancho, Avto Goguitchaichvili, Juan Morales, and Ángel Palomino. "Comprehensive magnetic surveys of kilns for bell and tile fabrication in Castile (Spain)." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 23 (February 2019): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.11.003.

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24

Esponera Cerdán, Alfonso. "La lenta segregación de los conventos de Navarra de la dominicana Provincia de Aragón culminada en 1569." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 16 (December 13, 2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.16.19224.

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Resumen: Desde su establecimiento en 1300, la dominicana Provincia de Aragón la fueron configurando los conventos de los Reinos de Aragón, Valencia, Navarra, Mallorca y el Principado de Cataluña con la Cerdaña y el Rosellón, Cerdeña y Sicilia. Si bien la conquista e incorporación del Reino de Navarra a Castilla fue en 1512, no ocurrió lo mismo con los conventos dominicanos navarros que después de diversos intentos de la Corona, sólo culminó su incorporación a la Provincia de España en 1569. Esta segregación ha sido un tema escasamente estudiado por los historiadores y es el que se analiza en este trabajo. Palabras clave: dominicos, Provincia de Aragón, Corona de Castilla, siglo XVAbstract: Since its establishment in 1300, the Dominican Province of Aragon was configured by the convents of the Kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, Navarra, Mallorca and the Principality of Catalonia (with the Cerdanya and Roussillon), Sardinia and Sicily. Although the conquest and incorporation of the Kingdom of Navarre into Castile was in 1512 not happened the same with the Dominican convents of Navarre, that only after several attempts of the Crown culminated its incorporation into the Province of Spain in 1569. This segregation has been a topic rarely studied by historians and is the main topic of this paper. .Keywords: dominicans, Province of Aragon, Crown of Castile, 15th siecle

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25

García, Alberto Alonso-Ponga. "Gender Role Negotiation in the Migration Process. Bulgarian Migrants in Castile and Leon (Spain)." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (December 2014): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.054.

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Pérez Blanco, Carlos, and Thomas Thaler. "An Input-Output Assessment of Water Productivity in the Castile and León Region (Spain)." Water 6, no. 4 (April 14, 2014): 929–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w6040929.

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Escribano García, Salvador, A. Tomás Vega Alonso, José Lozano Alonso, Rufino Álamo Sanz, Siro Lleras Muñoz, Javier Castrodeza Sanz, and Milagros Gil Costa. "Obesity in Castile and Leon, Spain: Epidemiology and Association With Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors." Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 64, no. 1 (January 2011): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2010.01.001.

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Miron, Isidro J., Juan José Criado-Alvarez, Julio Diaz, Cristina Linares, Sheila Mayoral, and Juan Carlos Montero. "Time trends in minimum mortality temperatures in Castile-La Mancha (Central Spain): 1975–2003." International Journal of Biometeorology 52, no. 4 (October 10, 2007): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-007-0123-6.

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29

Motomura, Akira. "New Data on Minting, Seigniorage, and the Money Supply in Spain (Castile), 1597–1643." Explorations in Economic History 34, no. 3 (July 1997): 331–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/exeh.1997.0675.

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Drelichman, Mauricio. "Sons of Something: Taxes, Lawsuits, and Local Political Control in Sixteenth-Century Castile." Journal of Economic History 67, no. 3 (September 2007): 608–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000253.

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The widespread ennoblement of the Spanish bourgeoisie in the Early Modern period has been traditionally considered one of the main causes of the “crisis of the seventeenth century.” Using a new time series of nobility cases I provide the first quantitative assessment of Castilian ennoblement. Contrary to established scholarship, I find that the tax exemptions cannot alone explain the flight to privilege. My data show that the central motivation behind ennoblement was to gain control of local governments. Although ennoblement reflected a high level of redistributive activity, there is no evidence linking it to economic stagnation in Spain.

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Irish, Maya Soifer. "Tamquam domino proprio: Contesting Ecclesiastical Lordship over Jews in Thirteenth-Century Castile." Medieval Encounters 19, no. 5 (2013): 534–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342151.

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Abstract Bishoprics and monasteries in many parts of Western Christendom possessed various combinations of jurisdictional and fiscal rights over Jewish communities. Prelates placed high value on their rights as the Jews’ temporal lords for the same reason secular rulers did: having Jews under one’s protection brought substantial benefits. Yet, with the growth of lay institutions—royal as well as communal—many of these prelates found their jurisdictional rights disputed by secular powers eager to wrest control over Jewish communities from the church. Anchoring the argument in two case studies from Northern Spain (Sahagun and Palencia, in Castile), the present study suggests that of far greater concern to local ecclesiastical leadership than any ideological program directed at the Jews was the growing competition for Jewish services and revenues between church authorities, royal governments, and municipal councils.

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ESCOBAR GARCÍA, PEDRO. "A new species of Narcissus sect. Apodanthi (Amaryllidaceae) from the western Iberian Peninsula." Phytotaxa 345, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.345.2.5.

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Plant studies in Extremadura (Spain) have traditionally lagged behind those of neighbouring regions, particularly Andalusia and Castile. Only a handful of 19th and early 20th century scholars dealing with the flora of Spain stayed shortly in the region (see Devesa & Ruiz 1988 for a review). A cause of this delay may be regional geologic and ecologic homogeneity: large stretches of acidic substrates sustain an overall low plant biodiversity (Devesa 1995), often considered as a mere subset of the richer and better studied plant communities that cover western Andalusia or the Gredos massif in the northeast, at the border to Castile. Extremadura’s economic marginality, manifested in a secular scarcity of infrastructures, has further hampered botanical exploration. For instance, Gandoger believed his 1904 collections to be the first ever sampled in the Sierra de Gata (at the westernmost northern Extremadura; Gandoger 1909a: 110). In fact, the Sierra de Gata was hardly visited by any botanist until the 1980s (but see Rivas Goday & Borja 1948), when work by members of the Botany Department of the University of Salamanca resulted in a PhD thesis (Valdés Franzi, unpubl.) and a series of papers about its flora (Ladero et al. 1981; Valdés Franzi 1983, 1984a, b, 1985a, b).

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Lees, Lynn Hollen, and Paul M. Hohenberg. "Urban Decline and Regional Economies: Brabant, Castile, and Lombardy, 1550–1750." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 3 (July 1989): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500015991.

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Urban troubles were endemic in early modern Europe. Not only did cities undergo sieges, conquests, and epidemics, but the rapid spread of rural protoindustrial manufacturing threatened established markets and employment patterns. The acute problems of Antwerp, captured by Spanish troops in 1685, or of Como, whose textile industry collapsed in the early seventeenth century are not isolated examples of cities in trouble. Many more could be offered. Indeed, descriptions of cities in the seventeenth century, particularly those of the Spanish Empire, stress depopulation and decay. Contemporaries saw around them scenes of urban desolation. Sir Thomas Overbury, travelling in the Spanish Netherlands around 1610, wrote of the “ruinous” towns, while visitors to Ciudad Real in Spain around 1620 noted vacant, tumbledown houses, unemployment, and urban land gone to waste (Parker 1977:253; Phillips 1979:29). After several years in which Spanish Lombardy was devastated by wars, famine, and plague, the Milan City Council complained of “the destitution of all sorts of persons and the threat of impending ruin.” Moreover, throughout the state, values of houses and landed property had allegedly plummeted (Sella 1979:57,63).

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Bartolomé Pérez, Nicolás. "Los rexímenes xurídico-lingüísticos del asturllionés: estudiu comparativu del tratamientu legal del mirandés, el llionés y l’asturianu = The legal regulations of Asturleonese: a comparative study of the legal treatment of Mirandese, Leonese and Asturian." Añada: revista d'estudios llioneses, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ana.v0i2.7013.

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ResumeNesti artículu faise un estudiu comparativu de las normativas que s’aplican a la protección del asturllionés nos distintos territorios onde se fala, de Portugal (Miranda de l Douro) y d’España (Principáu d’Asturias y Castiella y Llión)AbstractThis article makes a comparative study of the legal regulations that are applied to the protection of Asturleonese in the different territories where it is spoken in Portugal (Miranda do Douro) and in Spain (Principality of Asturias and Castile and Leon).

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35

Del Río, S., A. Penas, and R. Pérez-Romero. "Potential areas of deciduous forests in Spain (Castile and Leon) according to future climate change." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 139, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500500158835.

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36

Ryskamp, George R. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Surnames in Spain and Latin America (1500–1900)." Journal of Family History 37, no. 4 (August 22, 2012): 428–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199012443667.

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The historical study of the intergenerational transmission of surnames in the areas ruled by the crowns of Castile and Portugal, peninsular and colonial, reveals a nearly universal sixteenth-century system of surname transmission that antedates the use of permanent hereditary surnames. Great flexibility in surname transmission allowed a child’s selection of a surname from among those of the extended pedigree, both maternal and paternal, demonstrating that Hispanic society did not, and does not, view the extended family in the patrilineal, male-dominated fashion of Anglo society. In the Iberian perspective, the entire extended family, back on all sides to the third and even fourth generation, is viewed as personally relevant.

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37

Gutwirth, Eleazar. "Music, identity and the Inquisition in fifteenth-century Spain." Early Music History 17 (October 1998): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001637.

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Sometime between the years 1330 and 1343, Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita in Castile, included this maxim in his literary masterpiece, the Libro de buen amor. This verse, like others in the poem, attributes an ethnic identity both to objects and to vocal music, a form of ethnic marking that has been preserved in Spanish culture by linguistic usage: the Arabic particle a[1] in the prefix to words for musical instruments such as adufe (square tambourine), ajabeba (transverse flute) or anafil (a straight trumpet four feet or more in length) is a possible reminder of this phenomenon. About a century later, the chronicler Alonso de Palencia (d. 1492) applied similar ethnic markings when speaking of the music of a young Castilian converso who was to become one of the most powerful courtiers of King Enrique IV, Diego Arias Dávila: ‘per rura segobiensia…cantibusque arabicis advocabat sibi coetu rusticorum’.

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Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos. "Architectural Languages, Functions, and Spaces: The Crown of Castile and Al-Andalus." Medieval Encounters 12, no. 3 (2006): 360–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006706779166084.

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AbstractSince 1859, when Rodrigo Amador de los Ríos gave his speech “El estilo mudéjar en la arquitectura” at the Fine Arts Academy of San Fernando, the study of medieval Spanish art has been marked by the notion of the mudejar. Through it, Spain found a style and the basis of an identity that set it apart from other European countries. Mudejar became the name for every work that showed some indication of Islamic influence: buildings constructed with traditional techniques and materials, yet with some decorative element of Andalusian origin or simply buildings that contained a mudejar name in the list of those supervising their construction. In this essay, the influence of Islamic architecture in Christian territories is approached from a diVerent angle. Buildings are considered primarily spaces created for certain functions and secondarily representatives of a style or technique. Islamic styles were copied by Christians to very diVerent degrees. In some cases, completely, as in certain royal or noble palaces. In other cases, such as the façades of many Wfteenth-century city buildings or funerary chapels, Islamic spaces were appropriated and refashioned in Gothic style.

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Rodríguez-Cadenas, F., M. T. Carbajal-González, J. M. Fregeneda-Grandes, J. M. Aller-Gancedo, and F. A. Rojo-Vázquez. "Cross-sectional sero-epidemiological survey of sarcoptic mange in sheep of Western Castile and Leon, Spain." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 96, no. 3-4 (September 2010): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.06.014.

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Green, Jennifer L. "The Development of Maritime Law in Medieval Spain: The Case of Castile and the Siete Paktidas." Historian 58, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1996.tb00965.x.

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Redondo, Olga, Rosa Cano, and Lorena Simón. "Decline in rotavirus hospitalizations following the first three years of vaccination in Castile-La Mancha, Spain." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 11, no. 3 (February 2, 2015): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1009339.

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Montero, J. C., I. J. Mirón, J. J. Criado, C. Linares, and J. Díaz. "Comparison between two methods of defining heat waves: A retrospective study in Castile-La Mancha (Spain)." Science of The Total Environment 408, no. 7 (March 2010): 1544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.013.

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Río, Sara del, and Ángel Penas. "Potential distribution of semi-deciduous forests in Castile and Leon (Spain) in relation to climatic variations." Plant Ecology 185, no. 2 (February 14, 2006): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9103-x.

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Knighton, Tess. "New light on musical aspects of the troubadour revival in Spain." Plainsong and Medieval Music 2, no. 1 (April 1993): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100000425.

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The revival of the poetic art of the troubadours in eastern Spain from the latter part of the fourteenth century has been well documented. At this time, and through most of the fifteenth century, poet-courtiers at the royal courts of Aragon and Castile drew inspiration from the troubadours of the earlier centuries, many of whom had been active in the Spanish kingdoms. The historiographical tradition for this literary phenomenon begins with Gerónimo Zurita, the great chronicler of the Aragonese kings. In his Annies de la Corona de Aragón (1562–8), he discusses this renewed interest in the ‘Gay Science’ at the Aragonese royal court of Joan I (1387–96), and relates how letters came to prevail over arms at that time as the primary concern of the courtier:

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Sánchez Díaz, Miryam, María Luisa Martín-Calvo, and Ramona Mateos-Campos. "Trends in the Use of Anxiolytics in Castile and Leon, Spain, between 2015–2020: Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115944.

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Anxiolytics (N05B) are one of the most widely used pharmacological groups. This study aimed to analyze the progression of the consumption of anxiolytics (ATC classification: N05B) dispensed in pharmacies in Castile and Leon, Spain, from 2015 to 2020, with a special focus on the possible impact of COVID-19 on the use of these drugs. A quantitative-qualitative analysis of usage was carried out using the total number of packs and the packs per 1000 inhabitants. Overall, the use of anxiolytics grew by 14.41% during 2015–2020. The most commonly used drugs were the short-acting benzodiazepine derivatives lorazepam (whose use increased by 15.18%) and alprazolam (whose use increased by 21.40%), and the dispensing of the long-acting derivative diazepam increased the most, by 31.83%. Anxiolytics consumption increased significantly in 2020 and peaked in March. The pattern of use remained the same in 2020. The consumption of anxiolytics has continued to increase in Castile and Leon over the last six years. The COVID-19 pandemic situation affected the dispensing of these drugs, causing a sharp increase in prescriptions, especially during March, when the confinement of the population was initiated.

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Llano, Samuel. "Hispanic Traditions in a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Raoul Laparra's La habanera (1908) and French Critics." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 136, no. 1 (2011): 97–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690403.2011.562715.

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The French composer Raoul Laparra held an advanced knowledge of Spanish culture and music that was rare among French musicians. In his first opera, La habanera (Opéra-Comique, 1908), he tried to represent a Spain that was ‘different from Carmen’, focused on the ‘colder’ central region of Castile rather than southern, gypsy stereotypes. However, owing to several inconsistencies in his ideological agenda, and the weight of conventional representations of Spanish music and culture, Laparra rendered a contradictory image of Spain, which drew partly on the very southern and gypsy stereotypes he had intended to oust. Furthermore, the French critics’ lack of familiarity with Spanish traditions caused his project to be misunderstood. Those critics read La habanera in the context of French cultural struggles, mostly related to the definition of a national identity and the influence of Italian and German music.

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Caballero, Rafael. "Castile—La Mancha: A once traditional and integrated cereal—sheep farming system under change." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008389.

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AbstractFarming systems are often complex elaborations of the human societies to which they belong, with many traditional and social implications. Untangling the main social and structural constraints may improve productivity without an increase in environmental costs. Integration of cereal and sheep farming throughout the Mediterranean basin has been traditional. Mutually beneficial relationships between the sheep industry and cereal farming, and the vital role of forage legumes in meeting the modest needs of sheep for nitrogen, are stressed. This agropastoral system, however, is endangered in central Spain mainly because the pastoralist (sheep owner) is land-less, while the cultivator (land owner) has little interest in enforcing the law; fees for grazing rights are very low. Farmers, particularly young farmers, reject the current sheep operation because of the harsh working conditions. Restructuring of the grazing system would require a new policy scenario that would link European Union farm subsidies to structural reforms and would stress cooperative behavior.

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Echevarría, Ana. "Better Muslim or Jew? The Controversy Around Conversion across Minorities in Fifteenth-Century Castile." Medieval Encounters 24, no. 1-3 (May 29, 2018): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340017.

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Abstract This article presents the Responsio in quaestione de muliere sarracena transeunte ad statum et ritum iudaicum (1451) by Alonso Fernández de Madrigal, “El Tostado” (1410–55), as a rich source for the study of conversion across minority groups. A trial conducted before the archbishop of Toledo concerning a Muslim woman turned Jew by her lover in Talavera de la Reina (Spain) caused a scandal in Christian society. As one of the most outstanding legal scholars at the University of Salamanca, Madrigal established the right of the archbishop of Toledo to judge an issue involving the two minorities and decided in favor of the woman returning to her faith of origin, instead of imposing the death penalty. While conversion superseded issues of illicit sexual relations, gender acted as a mitigating circumstance. This article will also consider how the three communities contributed to the survival of “cohabitation,” defined by Madrigal as social peace, and the preservation of the status of the different religions living together in Castile.

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GUTWIRTH, ELEAZAR. "Chivalry and the Jews in Late Medieval Spain." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 4 98, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.19.

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A long standing tradition posits an opposition between the Jews and the ideals and reality of medieval chivalry (i.e., before 1492). The article argues against such generalizations. It begins by noting the research on chivalric imaginaire amongst Jews in Franco-German areas. In the case of Hispanic Jews, oral literature, particularly ballads, includes points of contact with Libros de caballería. Even (neo-) Aramaic mystical texts from thirteenth-century Castile use images and metaphors from chivalric literature. Culturally hybrid representations are also relevant, in specific visual cases such as the iconography of the Arragel Bible - and also its texts - or the texts of the (probably converso) poet Pero Ferruz. Late medieval Hebrew MS illuminations show the Hispano-Jewish patrons’ taste for the representation of knights and scenes of knightly life. Fragments from Inquisition and other archival evidence confirm the taste for chivalric literature amongst Iberian Jews. Material culture from late medieval Spain also supports the article’s claim in various ways - Jewish artisans are involved in crafting memorable items of knightly accoutrement; and towards the later decades of the fifteenth century there are attempts to incorporate Jews into urban caballería.

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Pérez-García, Adán. "First evidence of a bothremydid turtle (crown Pleurodira) in the middle Cretaceous of Castile and Leon (Spain)." Journal of Iberian Geology 46, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00146-9.

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