Journal articles: 'Spain Explorers'

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Santos-Álvarez, Valle, and Teresa García-Merino. "Motivational focus of international entrepreneurs in Spain: From early explorers to straggler exploiters." Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 35, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjas.1436.

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Garcia, P., F. J. Vences, M. Pérez de la Vega, and R. W. Allard. "Allelic and genotypic composition of ancestral Spanish and colonial Californian gene pools of Avena barbata: evolutionary implications." Genetics 122, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.3.687.

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Abstract Spanish explorers and colonists inadvertently started a massive experiment in evolutionary genetics when they accidentally introduced Avena barbata to California from Spain during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Assays of the Spanish and Californian gene pools of this species for 15 loci show that the present day Spanish gene pool, particularly that of Southwestern Spain, is identical or virtually identical to that of California for five loci and closely similar for nine loci. Despite their similar allelic and single-locus genotypic compositions, the present-day Spanish and Californian gene pools are differently structured on a multilocus genetic basis. Evolutionary implications of these results are discussed.

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Bhogle, Dr Vinay. "Socio-Cultural-Literary Survey of American Literature." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i11.10849.

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It very well may be said that American Literature may have started in 1493 when Columbus composed his acclaimed letters to King Ferdinand of Spain. Different travellers and explorers, who followed, composed letters to their companions and family members at home. These 'letters home' mark the start of the put down account of the threats they needed to confront, yet in addition to the marvels that should have been seen all over. The interest was energized at home in light of these letters. The letters gave reasonable and striking records. An ever increasing number of individuals were enticed to cruise for the New World to settle there. Such courageous spirits came not from England alone, yet these spirits originated from most different nations of Europe-Spain, Portugal, France, Holland, and numerous others. Along these lines, there established the framework of the 'solidarity in decent variety' which is such a noticeable element of American culture.

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Mikheev, Dmitry Vladimirovich, and Irina Vladimirovna Grebneva. "Indigenous population of the New World in reports of the discoverers, pirates, and privateers of Elizabethan era." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 11 (November 2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.11.34116.

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The American continent found by the Europeans at the dawn of the Age of Discovery, immediately drawn the eye of adventurers who dreamt of fame and wealth. Special attention is turned to the representatives of England, who quite missed division of the world between the two great Catholic powers of that time – Portugal and Spain. English explorers were interested not only in natural resources of the New World, but particularly in its inhabitants. Testimonies on the First Nations were reported to Europe mainly by the Spaniards, often in an overly tendentious manner. The discoverers, pirates and privateers of Elizabethan era were interested in all details that can be useful to Europeans, such as appearance, language, culture and lifestyle of indigenous population of the New World, peculiarities of their social structure, religious attitude. The evolution of ideas and formation of image of the holds special place in the modern historical science. Review of the testimonies of English discovers, pirates and privateers who first arrived to the American continent during Elizabethan era, allows reconstructing impression on region at the early stages of its colonization, as well as tracing the peculiarities of perception of the New World in Protestant England right before the country turned into one of the world's leading colonial powers. Examination of the First Nations that inhabited the American continent not only satiated the thirst for knowledge of the English explorers, but also served as the practical purpose for seeking allies in the fight against Spaniards and Portuguese in the region. The common features of forming image of strong and kind indigenous people suffering from Spanish tyranny were aimed at consolidation of Spanish “Black Legend”, which lays the foundation for English trade and colonial expansion in the region in future years.

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McMahon, Dorothy. "Sidelights on the Spanish Conquest of America." Americas 18, no. 1 (July 1989): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/979750.

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There could scarcely be an event of the magnitude of the Spanish discovery and conquest of a brand new world without its giving rise to a whole inundation of literature about the New World. For one thing, it really was a new world. Every detail reported about America had the same exotic appeal for the Spaniard of the day that an eye-witness account of life on another planet would have for us. Another reason for the great interest of the Spaniard in the happenings in America was his taste for greatness, for heroic deeds, a taste which he had developed and nurtured through the novels of chivalry so popular with all classes in Spain. It would be interesting to know to what extent the novels of chivalry influenced the psychology of the Spanish explorers and conquerors. Many of the feats accomplished in the New World bear comparison with feats described in the novels, and many of the chronicles and documents describing the conquest reveal attitudes and even turns of expression such as were often found in the novels of chivalry.

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Bell, Karen L., Haripriya Rangan, Manuel M. Fernandes, Christian A. Kull, and Daniel J. Murphy. "Chance long-distance or human-mediated dispersal? How Acacia s.l. farnesiana attained its pan-tropical distribution." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 4 (April 2017): 170105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170105.

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Acacia s.l. farnesiana , which originates from Mesoamerica, is the most widely distributed Acacia s.l. species across the tropics. It is assumed that the plant was transferred across the Atlantic to southern Europe by Spanish explorers, and then spread across the Old World tropics through a combination of chance long-distance and human-mediated dispersal. Our study uses genetic analysis and information from historical sources to test the relative roles of chance and human-mediated dispersal in its distribution. The results confirm the Mesoamerican origins of the plant and show three patterns of human-mediated dispersal. Samples from Spain showed greater genetic diversity than those from other Old World tropics, suggesting more instances of transatlantic introductions from the Americas to that country than to other parts of Africa and Asia. Individuals from the Philippines matched a population from South Central Mexico and were likely to have been direct, trans-Pacific introductions. Australian samples were genetically unique, indicating that the arrival of the species in the continent was independent of these European colonial activities. This suggests the possibility of pre-European human-mediated dispersal across the Pacific Ocean. These significant findings raise new questions for biogeographic studies that assume chance or transoceanic dispersal for disjunct plant distributions.

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Kondo, Yoji. "The International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE)." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100076879.

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AbstractThe International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) was launched into a geosynchronous orbit on 26 January 1978. It is equipped with a 45-cm mirror and spectrographs operating in the far-ultraviolet (1150–2000 Å) and the mid-ultraviolet (1900–3200 Å) wavelength regions. In a low-dispersion mode, the spectral resolution is some 6–7 Å. In a high-dispersion echelle mode, the resolution is about 0.1 Åat the shortest wavelength and about 0.3 Åat the longest. It is a collaborative program among NASA, ESA and the British SERC. The IUE is operated in real time 16 hours a day from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center near Washing ton, D.C. and 8 hours daily from ESA’s Villafranca groundstation near Madrid, Spain. By the end of 1989, 1870 papers, using IUE observations, have been published in refereed journals. During the same period, over 1700 different astronomers from all over the world used the IUE for their research.

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Skare, Roswitha. "“First I was an explorer; then I was an artist.” Robert J. Flaherty som fotograf." Nordlit, no. 35 (April 22, 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3432.

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Robert J. Flaherty is today best known for his films, and especially for his first film Nanook of the North (1922). In discussions about the early years of Flaherty’s career there has been much emphasis on Flaherty as a man with little formal education, a self- made man and an explorer. Flaherty’s statement “First I was an explorer; then I was an artist” is quoted over and over again. In this article I take a closer look at the early years of Flaherty’s career, the years before the premiere of Nanook and his reputation as a filmmaker. I discuss the photographs taken by Flaherty on his first expeditions in the years before 1915 focusing on the use and reuse of these photographs in different contexts like newspapers, journals and books. Finally, I also discuss whether these photographs, and especially two of the portraits that are used repeatedly, are only ethnographic or artistic as well.

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Carpintero, Elisabet, María P. González-Dugo, Jorge Jódar, and Sergio Martos-Rosillo. "Use of canopy coefficients obtained from satellite data to estimate evapotranspiration over high mountain Mediterranean watersheds." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 380 (December 18, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-380-23-2018.

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Abstract. This work explores the dynamics of the water consumed by the vegetation in two Mediterranean watersheds of Sierra Nevada Mountains (Southern Spain). This region has experienced an increase in the demand of water in the last years due to the growth of irrigated areas, and a new water resources plan is required. The evapotranspiration (ET) of irrigated horticultural crops and natural communities were monitored for the hydrological years 2013/14 and 2014/15, using an approach based on the concept of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and canopy coefficients derived from the computation of vegetation indices (VIs), which we will call the VI-ETo approach. A set of Landsat-8 and MODIS images has been used as remote input data. The results were used for the spatial analysis of water consumption in terms of the main land cover types in the area. The annual runoff obtained with a simple surface water balance, using the ET values estimated by the VI-ETo approach, was comparable to that obtained by the HBV (Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning) model, a precipitation-runoff generation model that reproduces the observed river discharge at the outlet of the watershed.

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Parreño-Castellano, Juan, and Josefina Domínguez-Mujica. "Working and retiring in sunny Spain: Lifestyle migration further explored." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 65, no. 4 (January 17, 2017): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.65.4.8.

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Khenkin, S. "Spain in Zone of Turbulence." World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2012): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-4-71-81.

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The global financial and economic crisis abruptly changed the socio-economic and political situation in Spain. While having successfully developed in the decade before the crisis, the country became one of the most unfortunate countries in the EU (the so-called PIIGS group, which also includes Greece, Italy, Portugal and Iceland). After centuries of isolation of Spain integrated into European institutions and started to play a prominent role at the international arena. In the proposed article, the author explores the problems of internal and foreign policy, facing the modern Spain.

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León, Margarita. "Migration and Care Work in Spain: The Domestic Sector Revisited." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000126.

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This paper explores the increasing significance of domestic workers in Spain, a country that has the highest figures of registered household employees in the EU, many of them female migrant workers. The paper focuses on how the domestic sector has grown in recent years along with mass migration flows. The growth of the household sector in Spain is situated within the context of the welfare and migration regimes. The household sector in Spain is currently absorbing a large part of the demand for childcare and elderly care provision. Although the domestic sector in Spain is more regulated than in many other countries, greater efforts to formalise and improve the labour and employment rights of household employees are needed to counterbalance occupational segregation and social inequality.

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Omori, Hayato, Hiroyuki Kitamoto, Asuka Mizushina, Taro Nakamura, and Takashi Kubota. "Satellite, Planetary or Terrestrial Subsurface Explorer Robot Based on Earthworm Locomotion." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 5 (October 20, 2014): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0660.

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<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00260005/17.jpg"" width=""150"" /> Subsurface explorer robot</div> We have developed a small, unmanned explorer robot to investigate the undergrounds of satellites and planets. This paper describes the developed excavation robot, which is based on earthworm locomotion. The robot demonstrates excavation activity at 1/6 of its own weight, mimicking the light gravity conditions of the Moon. We conclude that the robot is suitable for future excavation missions.

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Ilahiane, Hsain. "Estevan De Dorantes, the Moor or the Slave? The other Moroccan explorer of New Spain." Journal of North African Studies 5, no. 3 (September 2000): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629380008718401.

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Pérez Encinas, Adriana. "Consolidating Erasmus Mobility in Spain during the Economic Crisis." International Higher Education, no. 78 (November 15, 2014): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.78.5807.

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This article explores how interest in the ERASMUS program has been consolidated in Spain at a time of severe economic crisis, when students see the opportunities it offers through study and internships abroad as a means to enhance their employability in a difficult job market.

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Prieto-Castrillo, Francisco, Amin Shokri Gazafroudi, Javier Prieto, and Juan Manuel Corchado. "An Ising Spin-Based Model to Explore Efficient Flexibility in Distributed Power Systems." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5905932.

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This paper analyses customers’ demand flexibility in a local power trading scenario through an Ising spin-based model. We look at quantitative information on the two-way relationships between power exchanges and spin dynamics. To this end, a modified version of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm was implemented, including a gradient descent through the constraint surface. This allowed us to analyse the system on a large scale (considering the cumulated benefit of all the actors involved) and also from the perspective of total aggregation. In a maximum flexibility scenario, the total aggregation profit increases with the number of aggregators. We also investigate numerically the effect of aggregator boundaries on the spin dynamics.

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Ringrose, David. "Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe. By Stanley J. Stein and Barbara H. Stein. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pp. xxii, 351. $51.50." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005617.

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Proving again their mastery of both detail and synthesis, Barbara and Stanley Stein have done a masterful job of compression, packing into one mid-size book material that could easily have filled two. Silver, Trade, and War is more than a discussion of the role of silver in the evolution of the Spanish Empire: it addresses the role of Spain and America in the making of Early Modern Europe. The first half of the book outlines the emergence and consolidation of the system of political authority and silver flows that linked America, Spain, and the rest of Europe by 1700. The second half explores the efforts (and ultimate failure) of early and mid-eighteenth-century Spanish economist–bureaucrats to purge Spain of the its entrenched patterns of immobility, dependency, and self-interest.

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Sanjuán, Leonardo García. "Expressions of inequality: settlement patterns, economy and social organization in the southwest Iberian Bronze Age (c.1700-1100 BC)." Antiquity 73, no. 280 (June 1999): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088293.

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Intensive survey in southwestern Spain has encouraged reassessment of Copper and Bronze Age settlement in the region. This paper explores the issues of social ranking and stratification, and incorporates both the different types of landscape and their relative economic productivity in new discussions on social complexity.

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Yin, Wan Yun, Yun Lin Liu, Yi Zhang, Ke Wei Ding, Ren Cai Jin, and Shou Cheng Liu. "Combined Projects Explore the Development of Composite Slab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.806.

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General concept of composite slab and present situation of research and development, combined with 17 China Metallurgical Group Corporation of China and Anhui Institute of architecture industry research project on cooperative development of laminated slabs, summed up the new type of prestressed concrete composite slab structure and application of large-span laminated slabs of concrete, will be the future important direction of development.

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Cansever, Hamza, and Jürgen Lindner. "Microresonators and Microantennas—Tools to Explore Magnetization Dynamics in Single Nanostructures." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7020028.

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The phenomenon of magnetic resonance and its detection via microwave spectroscopy provide insight into the magnetization dynamics of bulk or thin film materials. This allows for direct access to fundamental properties, such as the effective magnetization, g-factor, magnetic anisotropy, and the various damping (relaxation) channels that govern the decay of magnetic excitations. Cavity-based and broadband ferromagnetic resonance techniques that detect the microwave absorption of spin systems require a minimum magnetic volume to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Therefore, conventional techniques typically do not offer the sensitivity to detect individual micro- or nanostructures. A solution to this sensitivity problem is the so-called planar microresonator, which is able to detect even the small absorption signals of magnetic nanostructures, including spin-wave or edge resonance modes. As an example, we describe the microresonator-based detection of spin-wave modes within microscopic strips of ferromagnetic A2 Fe60Al40 that are imprinted into a paramagnetic B2 Fe60Al40-matrix via focused ion-beam irradiation. While microresonators operate at a fixed microwave frequency, a reliable quantification of the key magnetic parameters like the g-factor or spin relaxation times requires investigations within a broad range of frequencies. Furthermore, we introduce and describe the step from microresonators towards a broadband microantenna approach. Broadband magnetic resonance experiments on single nanostructured magnetic objects in a frequency range of 2–18 GHz are demonstrated. The broadband approach has been employed to explore the influence of lateral structuring on the magnetization dynamics of a Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) microstrip.

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HAMMER, PAUL E. J. "MYTH-MAKING: POLITICS, PROPAGANDA AND THE CAPTURE OF CADIZ IN 1596." Historical Journal 40, no. 3 (September 1997): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007358.

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The capture of Cadiz in 1596 was a spectacular but short-lived success in England's war against Spain. More enduring were the many partisan accounts of the victory, which were prepared and disseminated by various officers from the expedition. This article traces these rival narratives and explores their circulation in manuscript form, including the earl of Essex's notorious ‘True relacion’. Such documents illustrate the increasingly bitter divisions of late Elizabethan politics. The stories of Cadiz gained a fresh currency when England and Spain went to war again in the 1620s, placing a heavy burden of expectation on the government of Charles I.

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Zhiri, Oumelbanine. "Mapping the Frontier between Islam and Christendom in a Diplomatic Age: al-Ghassânî in Spain." Renaissance Quarterly 69, no. 3 (2016): 966–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/689039.

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AbstractThis essay analyzes the travel account authored by Moroccan ambassador Muhammad al-Ghassânî, who visited Spain in 1690–91. The account shows the evolution of the early modern frontier between Christian Europe and Islamic North Africa, from a militarized boundary to the development of diplomatic relations. Both an agent and witness of that history, al-Ghassânî describes a heterogeneous space: he surveys the border, explores the foreign land of modern Spain, and reimagines the memory of al-Andalus. His important account, based on sharp observation and serious research, helps nuance the prevailing view that Arab culture had ignored Europe before the nineteenth century.

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Werley, Christopher A., and W. E. Moerner. "Single-Molecule Nanoprobes Explore Defects in Spin-Grown Crystals†." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 38 (September 2006): 18939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp057570b.

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Massó Guijarro, Ester. "Transnational Baye-fallism." African Diaspora 9, no. 1-2 (2016): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00901007.

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This article examines the transformation of the Baye-fall movement (Baye-fallism, henceforth), a particular form of Senegalese Muridism, as it extends into the Senegalese diaspora. In particular, the article explores shifts in understandings of what it means to be a ‘good’ Baye-fall, as Senegalese migrants in Spain become confronted with hostility in their new social context, and as the need for spiritual engagement and community belonging intensifies. Starting with the origins of Baye-fallism as a Sufi heterodoxy in Senegal, the paper then focuses on Senegalese migrants in Lavapiés (Madrid, Spain) and in Granada (Andalusia, Spain). The central argument is that in this diasporic context, adhesion to Baye-fallism becomes more intense, and that the performance of Sufi orthodoxy takes on new meaning, which also informs discussions about being a ‘good’ Baye-fall in Senegal.

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VERSHININA, E. V., D. V. KONOVALOV, V. S. NOVIKOV, and S. V. KHOKHLACHEVA. "CONCEPT AND TYPES OF MEDIATION SET FORTH IN THE LEGISLATION AND EXPOUNDED IN THE LEGAL DOCTRINE IN RUSSIA, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND THE USA." Herald of Civil Procedure 10, no. 6 (January 25, 2021): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2020-10-6-137-176.

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This article presents a scientific analysis of mediation based on legislation and legal doctrine of Russia, France, Spain, and the USA. This paper also explores different types of mediation. The concept and types of mediation have been researched repeatedly by scholars. However, a common understanding has not yet been achieved. The authors of the article carry out a comparative legal analysis of the concept and types of meditation in Russia, France, Spain, and the USA. The purpose of this article is to determine the legal nature and essential features of institute of mediation through the analysis of its various definitions set forth in the legislation and expounded in the respective legal doctrine in Russia, France, Spain, and the USA; to identify existing similarities and differences between those definitions and to carry out a comparative legal analysis of different types of mediation.

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Zhukov, Ivan V., Alexey S. Kiryutin, Ziqing Wang, Milan Zachrdla, Alexandra V. Yurkovskaya, Konstantin L. Ivanov, and Fabien Ferrage. "Surprising absence of strong homonuclear coupling at low magnetic field explored by two-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Magnetic Resonance 1, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/mr-1-237-2020.

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Abstract. Strong coupling of nuclear spins, which is achieved when their scalar coupling 2πJ is greater than or comparable to the difference Δω in their Larmor precession frequencies in an external magnetic field, gives rise to efficient coherent longitudinal polarization transfer. The strong coupling regime can be achieved when the external magnetic field is sufficiently low, as Δω is reduced proportional to the field strength. In the present work, however, we demonstrate that in heteronuclear spin systems these simple arguments may not hold, since heteronuclear spin–spin interactions alter the Δω value. The experimental method that we use is two-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), exploiting sample shuttling between the high field, at which NMR spectra are acquired, and the low field, where strong couplings are expected and at which NMR pulses can be applied to affect the spin dynamics. By using this technique, we generate zero-quantum spin coherences by means of a nonadiabatic passage through a level anticrossing and study their evolution at the low field. Such zero-quantum coherences mediate the polarization transfer under strong coupling conditions. Experiments performed with a 13C-labeled amino acid clearly show that the coherent polarization transfer at the low field is pronounced in the 13C spin subsystem under proton decoupling. However, in the absence of proton decoupling, polarization transfer by coherent processes is dramatically reduced, demonstrating that heteronuclear spin–spin interactions suppress the strong coupling regime, even when the external field is low. A theoretical model is presented, which can model the reported experimental results.

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Rusniati, Rusniati. "MASUKNYA ISLAM DI SPANYOL (Studi Naskah Sejarah Islam)." Al-Din: Jurnal Dakwah dan Sosial Keagamaan 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35673/ajdsk.v5i2.591.

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AbstractThe history of Islam in the hemisphere has long been evidence of Islam's triumph in this hemisphere. One of them in Spain. Spain is a country that was once conquered by Islam to develop the religion of Islam in the country. When Islam entered Spain, this country experienced many rapid civilizations both from Islamic culture and education, because Spain was supported by a fertile country with high economic income. thus producing great thinkers. Spain experienced rapid development and Islamic culture and education which began with studying religious and literary sciences, then increased by studying the sciences of reason. The history of the triumph of Islam in Spain needs to be examined early in its emergence. Therefore, this study explores the history of the entry of Islam in Spain. This research is a qualitative research that describes all data found through a library approach. Literature approach is used to collect various literatures and previous documents related to the object of research. This research does not determine a location as a place of research because the study tends to be on text texts. At this stage, activities are carried out in the form of processing data obtained from documents, which will then be compiled into a study. The results of the analysis are outlined in the form of a descriptive research report. The results of the study show that the origins of the entry of Islam in Spain were inseparable from the success of Tariq ibn Ziyad's defeat of the king Roderick, so this victory became the main capital for Tariq ibn Ziyad and his forces to conquer important cities in Spain.Keywords: Islam, Spain, Cordova, Islamic History.

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Martinez-Roman, Maria-Asuncion, Carmen Vives-Cases, and Carmen Pérez-Belda. "Immigrant Women Suffering From IPV in Spain." Affilia 32, no. 2 (September 14, 2016): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109916667158.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a violation of human rights and one form of discrimination compounded by other discrimination factors as migration. The risk of violence can increase among immigrant women because of the legal and economic situation and the barriers they encounter to accessing information and support services. This qualitative study explores in-depth the perspective of experienced social workers about challenges faced by immigrant women suffering from IPV in Spain. This study may help professional social workers, others professionals, and public policy makers to design effective strategies for meeting the demands and needs of this population.

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Martínez del Campo, Luis G. "Weak State, Powerful Culture: The Emergence of Spanish Cultural Diplomacy, 1914–1936." Contemporary European History 30, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777320000636.

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This article explores the historical factors that allowed a weak state like Spain to have cultural influence in other European countries during the interwar period. Drawing on archival material from several countries, I argue that Spain could not promote systematically its culture in the early 1920s, but that it gained in soft power because of Western European countries’ new interest first in Spanish neutrality and then in the Latin American market. When the Spanish state developed an active cultural diplomacy in the late 1920s, it was able to derive benefit from the work that other countries had already done to promote Spanish language and culture.

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GAJDA, ALEXANDRA. "DEBATING WAR AND PEACE IN LATE ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND." Historical Journal 52, no. 4 (November 6, 2009): 851–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09990331.

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ABSTRACTPeace with Spain was debated by Elizabeth I's government from 1598, when France and Spain made peace by signing the Treaty of Vervins. Robert Devereux, second earl of Essex was zealously hostile to accommodation with Spain, while other privy councillors argued in favour of peace. Arguments for and against peace were, however, also articulated in wider contexts, in particular in a series of manuscript treatises, and also in printed tracts from the Netherlands, which appeared in English translation in the late 1590s. This article explores ways that ideas of war and peace were disseminated in manuscript and printed media outside the privy council and court. It is argued that disagreement about the direction of the war reveals differing contemporary responses to the legitimacy of the Dutch abjuration of Spanish sovereignty and the polity of the United Provinces, which have implications for our understanding of political mentalities in late Elizabethan England.

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Holleran, Max. "The ‘lost generation’ of the 2008 crisis: Generational memory and conflict in Spain." Journal of Sociology 55, no. 3 (December 7, 2018): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318817907.

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Since the 2008 crisis, youth unemployment in Southern Europe has hindered a return to social and economic stability: in Spain, the young and unemployed are sometimes referred to as a ‘lost generation’. This article investigates how rampant youth unemployment in Spain has darkened expectations for the country’s future inside the European Union (EU) as well as altered views of the past. Using interviews with jobless young people, the article argues that the severity and duration of the 2008 crisis has prompted historical revisionism. Age cohorts often organise around pivotal events and the article shows how young people have questioned the success of democratisation (1980s) and European integration (1990s), causing a growing rift with their parents’ generation. Finally, it explores generational conflict in Spain through three interconnected experiences of unemployment: returning to live with parents, urban to rural migration for a lower cost of living, and emigration to Northern Europe for employment.

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Guerrero, Andrés. "Echoes arising from two cases of the private administration of populations." Focaal 2012, no. 63 (June 1, 2012): 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.630109.

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The article simultaneously explores three lines of reflection and analysis woven around the comparative reverberations (in space and time) between citizenship and the administration of populations (states of exception) in the Republic of Ecuador during the nineteenth century and the Kingdom of Spain in the twenty century. The first thread tries to answer the question whether it is possible for concepts generated in a country of the Global South to be used usefully in analyzing a different Northern reality, inverting the usual direction in the flows of transfer and importation of “theory.“ The second theme of comparative reverberation explores a network of concepts concerning the citizenship of common sense and the administration of populations, that is the “back-patio“ aspect of citizenship, particularly its historical formation in the domination of populations in the Republic of Ecuador during the nineteenth century. It is centered on the process of identification in the daily exchanges between interpares citizens and extrapares non-citizens. The last section involves testing concepts forged in the author's studies of Ecuadorian history for their utility in analyzing the current situation of modern sub-Saharan immigrants in Spain (using concrete examples), and their reclusion to the private sphere in spaces of exception and abandonment. Here, the article concentrates on the difference between the public administration of populations and the private administration of citizens. The article uses documentary material relating to nineteenth-century Ecuador and twentieth-century Spain and Senegal.

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Tabernero, Carlos, Isabel Jiménez-Lucena, and Jorge Molero-Mesa. "Colonial scientific-medical documentary films and the legitimization of an ideal state in post-war Spain." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 24, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702016005000025.

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Abstract This paper explores the role of film and medical-health practices and discourses in the building and legitimating strategies of Franco’s fascist regime in Spain. The analysis of five medical-colonial documentary films produced during the 1940s explores the relationship between mass media communication practices and techno-scientific knowledge production, circulation and management processes. These films portray a non-problematic colonial space where social order is articulated through scientific-medical practices and discourses that match the regime’s need to consolidate and legitimize itself while asserting the inclusion-exclusion dynamics involved in the definition of social prototypes through processes of medicalization.

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Sandke, Randall. "Was Bix Beiderbecke Poisoned by the Federal Government?" Journal of Jazz Studies 9, no. 2 (March 18, 2014): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/jjs.v9i2.68.

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Explores the government's strategy to eradicate alchohol consumption in the United States by adding poisonous compounds to render it undrinkable and how these efforts affected Bix Beiderbecke, perhaps precipitating his physical decline and early death

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Pereyra, Miguel A. "Changing Educational Governance in Spain: Decentralisation and Control in the Autonomous Communities." European Educational Research Journal 1, no. 4 (December 2002): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2002.1.4.5.

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This article explores the impact of change in the governance of education in Spain by exploring the views of system actors engaged in education policy-making in two autonomous communities within the Spanish state. The interviews reflect on the long process of reform of education in Spain, and the shaping principles of that reform. They also consider the ways in which the process has altered as Spanish society has changed. A key issue is the tension between the legacy of a history of centralisation and the pressure for modernisation, which is seen to require decentralisation. Issue that relate to the definition of ‘national identity’ within a decentralised education system are also considered.

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Robles, Jeannette Valencia. "Developing observation and reflective skills through teaching practice." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v10i1.3142.

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This case study explores the effects of addressing observations and reflective skills of 12-student teachers during their teaching practices for infant education in Guadalajara, Spain. The participants had been studying the basics of CLIL methodology and reflexive-teaching during a four-month learning period. Then, they participated in a six-hour workshop in which they were required to observe, participate in, and reflect on the teacher and each other’s on a four-minute teaching practice to assess their presentations following the given guidelines. The results show that students could demonstrate they are on the path of making effective observations and reflections on an observed practice. Keywords: Reflective skills, Spain, effective observations, practice, workshop.

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Conde Solares, Carlos. "The Moral Dimensions of Sufism and the Iberian Mystical Canon." Religions 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11010015.

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This study explores the shared spaces and common ground between the moral theosophies of Sufism and Christian mysticism in Spain. This article focuses on how Sufis, Carmelites and other mystical authors expressed spiritual concepts, establishing networks of mutual influence. Medieval and Golden Age mystics of Islam and Christianity shared a cultural canon based on universal moral principles. Both their learned and popular traditions used recurrent spiritual symbols, often expressing similar ethical coordinates. Spiritual dialogue went beyond the chronological and geographical frameworks shared by Christianity and Islam in the Iberian Peninsula: this article considers a selection of texts that contain expansive moral codes. Mystical expressions of Islam and Christianity in Spain are viewed as an ethical, cultural and anthropological continuum.

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García-Avilés, Jose Alberto, Miguel Carvajal-Prieto, Félix Arias, and Alicia De Lara-González. "How journalists innovate in the newsroom. Proposing a model of the diffusion of innovations in media outlets." Journal of Media Innovations 5, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jomi.v5i1.3968.

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This paper explores how innovation emerges in the media through the views of journalists who are leading the process of newsroom change in Spain. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 20 journalists working in some of the most innovative outlets, according to the 2014 Index of Journalism Innovation in Spain (García-Avilés, Carvajal-Prieto, De Lara-González, & Arias-Robles, 2018). The results highlight the importance of innovations in content production, internal organization, distribution, and commercialization as the drivers of change in the media industry. Our study also reveals several factors that shape both the practice and implementation of innovations in newsrooms. We draw on these factors to outline a model of diffusion of media innovation.

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Villiers, Charlotte. "Achieving gender balance in the boardroom: is it time for legislative action in the UK?" Legal Studies 30, no. 4 (December 2010): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00174.x.

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In the UK and across the globe, women struggle to get a place on the boards of large public companies and still take home less pay than their male counterparts. At a time of financial crisis and corporate governance failures, this lack of equality is considered especially problematic because the talents of half the workforce are not being utilised fully. This paper explores the possibility of introducing legislative gender quotas for company boardrooms in the UK. Such laws have been passed in Norway and Spain with dramatic results. Other countries, such as France and the Netherlands, look set to follow the examples of Norway and Spain. Has that time arrived in the UK?

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Hellgren, Zenia, and Inmaculada Serrano. "Financial Crisis and Migrant Domestic Workers in Spain: Employment Opportunities and Conditions during the Great Recession." International Migration Review 53, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 1209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318798341.

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This article explores the impact of the Great Recession on migrant domestic workers in Spain. We argue that the domestic service sector’s relative resistance to job destruction has transformed it to some extent into a refuge activity for unemployed women from other sectors, both migrants and native Spanish workers. This leads to intensified competition over jobs and increasing stratification among domestic workers, with serious consequences both for migrant women’s opportunities to make a living in Spain and for their migration projects at an international level. Based on 90 in-depth interviews with female migrant domestic workers and stakeholders, we find that this group of workers has been seriously affected by unemployment, underemployment, and worsened job conditions. As a consequence, new and already settled migrants find the chances to gain their livelihood in Spain substantially reduced, and many of those who migrated in order to support the family back home through remittances, or to save some money and eventually return, are at present unable to do so.

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Delvino, Nicola, and Markus González Beilfuss. "Latino Migrant Victims of Crime: Safe Reporting for Victims With Irregular Status in the United States and Spain." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 9 (March 3, 2021): 1193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996773.

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In both the United States and Spain, Latino migrants are disproportionately exposed to crime victimization. Among them, those with irregular status are scared to report crime to the police out of the fear of deportation. This article explores how national legislation and local policies in the United States and Spain regulate the possibility of irregular migrants who are victims of crime to interact with the police. We analyze the interplay between immigration and criminal legislation and enforcement structures in the United States and Spain to define whether deportation is a real or perceived risk for victims reporting crime. We identify opportunities for “safe reporting of crime,” and we look at how policy responses in the two countries compare. We find that national legislation in both countries introduced measures aimed at allowing safe interactions between migrant victims and the police. Additionally, in the United States, cities also adopted local “safe reporting” policies. However, despite these existing measures, opportunities for safe reporting remain limited in both countries. We conclude with a discussion on lessons that legislators in the United States and Spain could learn from each other to improve the reporting of crime from victims with irregular status.

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Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M., Cesar Azorin-Molina, Marina Peña-Gallardo, Miquel Tomas-Burguera, Fernando Domínguez-Castro, Natalia Martín-Hernández, Santiago Beguería, Ahmed El Kenawy, Iván Noguera, and Mónica García. "A high-resolution spatial assessment of the impacts of drought variability on vegetation activity in Spain from 1981 to 2015." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1189-2019.

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Abstract. Drought is a major driver of vegetation activity in Spain, with significant impacts on crop yield, forest growth, and the occurrence of forest fires. Nonetheless, the sensitivity of vegetation to drought conditions differs largely amongst vegetation types and climates. We used a high-resolution (1.1 km) spatial dataset of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the whole of Spain spanning the period from 1981 to 2015, combined with a dataset of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) to assess the sensitivity of vegetation types to drought across Spain. Specifically, this study explores the drought timescales at which vegetation activity shows its highest response to drought severity at different moments of the year. Results demonstrate that – over large areas of Spain – vegetation activity is controlled largely by the interannual variability of drought. More than 90 % of the land areas exhibited statistically significant positive correlations between the NDVI and the SPEI during dry summers (JJA). Nevertheless, there are some considerable spatio-temporal variations, which can be linked to differences in land cover and aridity conditions. In comparison to other climatic regions across Spain, results indicate that vegetation types located in arid regions showed the strongest response to drought. Importantly, this study stresses that the timescale at which drought is assessed is a dominant factor in understanding the different responses of vegetation activity to drought.

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FERNÁNDEZ-DE-SEVILLA, TOMÀS. "INSIDE THE DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM: THE MASS PRODUCTION OF CARS IN SPAIN, 1950-1985." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 32, no. 2 (July 30, 2014): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610914000093.

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ABSTRACTIn 2010 Spain ranked second among EU-15 countries in the manufacture of passenger cars; however, in 1950 the country’s car production had been purely symbolic. Taking as its starting point the trajectories of the enterprises that have shaped the auto industry in Spain, this study explores the sector’s process of development within the interpretative framework proposed by Alfred D. Chandler in Scale and Scope. Until the mid-1970s, SEAT and FASA-Renault, the sector’s first-movers, maintained their position as industry leaders. The entry of Ford and GM in the 1970s was to restructure the industry as it shifted its focus towards exportation to the European Economic Community. Both market share and net profits are used as indicators of the evolution of each car maker.

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Agrela Romero, Belén, and Amalia Morales Villena. "Knowledge Hierarchy of Social Work and Gender Studies in Spain." Affilia 32, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917692373.

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This article explores the gendered nature of social work and some of the consequences this has in academia, research, and professional practice in Spain. The authors examine the connections between social work and gender studies in academia in Spain, reflecting on the position these disciplines occupy in the current hierarchy of knowledge and the knowledge production system. The impact of the university reforms under the European Union’s (EU) Bologna plan is analyzed in the context of the commercialization of knowledge. The obstacles that prevent the value of these disciplines from being recognized are discussed, linking the academic dimension to the professional dimension and also illustrating how today’s situations of social exclusion require further research and specialized training in social work and gender.

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Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain, Kosovo issue and the danger of internationalization of the political and institutional conflict in Catalonia, efforts by the Spanish central government to achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing foreign policy resources of Spain, initiatives and activities of the country in the United Nations and its various specialized agencies over the years using the UN information materials, the author suggests that successful democratic transition and the country’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1986 strengthened the profile of Spain in the United Nations. However, the political and institutional transformations in the European Union, creation of political union of the Member-States and establishment and development of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy mean that Spain may carry out its foreign policy in a ‘truncated’ form, taking into account the EU position as a special strategic partner of the UN and its expanded Observer status. The economic and foreign policy potential of this country weakening its competitive advantages under the influence of negative consequences of the global financial and economic crisis do not raise an issue about permanent membership of Spain in the UN Security Council. However, the ‘soft power’ resources based on its postimperial identity allow for a fairly high appreciation of possibilities of Spain with regard to monitoring, prevention and management of conflicts and crisis situations in developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, providing international assistance for development and facilitating intercultural dialogue of the Western and non-Western civilazations.

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Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain, Kosovo issue and the danger of internationalization of the political and institutional conflict in Catalonia, efforts by the Spanish central government to achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing foreign policy resources of Spain, initiatives and activities of the country in the United Nations and its various specialized agencies over the years using the UN information materials, the author suggests that successful democratic transition and the country’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1986 strengthened the profile of Spain in the United Nations. However, the political and institutional transformations in the European Union, creation of political union of the Member-States and establishment and development of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy mean that Spain may carry out its foreign policy in a ‘truncated’ form, taking into account the EU position as a special strategic partner of the UN and its expanded Observer status. The economic and foreign policy potential of this country weakening its competitive advantages under the influence of negative consequences of the global financial and economic crisis do not raise an issue about permanent membership of Spain in the UN Security Council. However, the ‘soft power’ resources based on its postimperial identity allow for a fairly high appreciation of possibilities of Spain with regard to monitoring, prevention and management of conflicts and crisis situations in developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, providing international assistance for development and facilitating intercultural dialogue of the Western and non-Western civilazations.

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Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain, Kosovo issue and the danger of internationalization of the political and institutional conflict in Catalonia, efforts by the Spanish central government to achieve sustainable development goals. By analyzing foreign policy resources of Spain, initiatives and activities of the country in the United Nations and its various specialized agencies over the years using the UN information materials, the author suggests that successful democratic transition and the country’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1986 strengthened the profile of Spain in the United Nations. However, the political and institutional transformations in the European Union, creation of political union of the Member-States and establishment and development of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy mean that Spain may carry out its foreign policy in a ‘truncated’ form, taking into account the EU position as a special strategic partner of the UN and its expanded Observer status. The economic and foreign policy potential of this country weakening its competitive advantages under the influence of negative consequences of the global financial and economic crisis do not raise an issue about permanent membership of Spain in the UN Security Council. However, the ‘soft power’ resources based on its postimperial identity allow for a fairly high appreciation of possibilities of Spain with regard to monitoring, prevention and management of conflicts and crisis situations in developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, providing international assistance for development and facilitating intercultural dialogue of the Western and non-Western civilazations.

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Fernàndez, Josep-Anton. "“OUCH, SPAIN!”: THE COMEDY OF IDENTITY AND THE TRAUMA OF INVISIBILITY IN DAGOLL DAGOM’S OH! ESPANYA." Catalan Review 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.19.13.

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This article explores the relationship between (in)visibility and politics as represented in Dagoll Dagom’s popular sitcom Oh! Espanya (1996). Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu, Hannah Arendt, and television studies, the author examines the ways in which the series comments on, and to a large degree contributes to maintain, the relations of domination and subordination between the Catalans and Spain at the level of representation and recognition.

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Jungwirth, T., J. Wunderlich, V. Novák, K. Olejník, B. L. Gallagher, R. P. Campion, K. W. Edmonds, A. W. Rushforth, A. J. Ferguson, and P. Němec. "Spin-dependent phenomena and device concepts explored in (Ga,Mn)As." Reviews of Modern Physics 86, no. 3 (July 11, 2014): 855–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.86.855.

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Carballo, Rita R., Carmelo J. León, and María M. Carballo. "Fighting overtourism in Lanzarote (Spain)." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 5 (October 14, 2019): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-06-2019-0043.

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Purpose Lanzarote, Spain, as a tourism destination, suffered a rapid tourist expansion for many years, and this has endangered its sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the case of overtourism and its consequences for the local population and the environment, and to identify ways to mitigate this issue. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a case study approach. Data obtained from tourists visiting the destination were used to examine three key aspects of tourism development, namely, the arrival of tourists to the island, the accommodation offer and the growth of the population. Social awareness with environmental values and protection of the island’s natural resources were the main engine to establish measures to mitigate overtourism. Findings The analysis shows rapid growth in the arrival of tourists to the island and how it affected the accommodation offer and the population. It explores the solution that the authorities of the island took to solve the problem of disorganized growth of tourism and makes reference to the importance of managing the image of a destination to contribute to tourism sustainability. Originality/value This research proposes practical solutions to tackle overtourism at a destination which has been used by the United Nations as an example to establish sustainable tourism development guidelines. It proposes a unique mitigation strategy which is derived from the use of natural recreation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spain Explorers'

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