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Journal articles on the topic 'Spain – Politics and government – 19th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Alba, Carlos R. "Le gouverneur civil en Espagne : « un préfet pas comme les autres » — origine, développement et disparition." Revue française d'administration publique 96, no. 1 (2000): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.2000.3434.

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The Civil Governor in Spain : ‘a Prefect who is Not Like the Rest’ Origins, Development and Disappearance The office of civil govemor in Spain had a number of precedents. Created in 1849 as the unique high civil authority in each province, the govemor had administrative and political functions. However, from the end of the 19th century, the corporate interests of each ministry progressively reduced the area of competences of civil govemors which became limited to matters of public order. The regime which succeeded the Spanish civil war reaffirmed the end of the govemors’ competence in administ

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2

Filatov, Georgy. "Catalonia and Regional Self-Government in the First Quarter of the 20th Century." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016155-9.

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The Mancomunitat represents the first experience of self-government in Catalonia in the 20th century. This idea began to form among Catalan intellectuals in the second half of the 19th century, when the interests of the local bourgeoisie and the cultural elite of the region unexpectedly coincided in connection with the need to defend their interests before the central authorities. The Mancomunitat emerged at a time when the political system of the restoration was in crisis as the main monarchist parties were ousted from the political life of the region by Catalanists and Republicans. In these

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3

Volosyuk, Olga. "Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain." ISTORIYA 13, no. 10 (120) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023487-4.

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The article deals with the role of public diplomacy in Russian-Spanish relations; puts forward a hypothesis, that public diplomacy plays an independent role, sometimes even replacing traditional diplomacy, in the “political vacuum”, when political ties between the two countries were frozen or even broken off. The author points out that some examples of public diplomacy can be traced in Russian-Spanish relations in the 18—19th centuries, but they transferred into state policy only in the 20th century. It was at that time that the Soviet government started to maintain a purposeful public policy

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4

Stinchcombe, Arthur L. "Class Conflict and Diplomacy: Haitian Isolation in the 19th-Century World System." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 1 (1994): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389407.

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The article argues that Haiti's diplomatic isolation after its revolution and independence was due to two different processes, its place in the symbolic system of domestic politics in the United States, and its place in the lives and experience of people intensely concerned with Haiti in France, Britain, and Spain. The result was that the diplomatic isolation was ended first in the 1830s by Europe, by the countries materially damaged by the Hatian Revolution. It was ended later by the United States and its Spanish-American client states, who were only symbolically damaged by Haiti as an antisl

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5

Schulz, Carsten-Andreas. "Territorial sovereignty and the end of inter-cultural diplomacy along the “Southern frontier”." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 3 (2018): 878–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066118814890.

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European politics at the turn of the 19th century saw a dramatic reduction in the number and diversity of polities as the territorial nation-state emerged as the dominant form of political organization. The transformation had a profound impact on the periphery. The study examines how embracing the principle of territoriality transformed relations between settler societies and indigenous peoples in South America. As this shift coincided with independence from Spain, Creole elites rapidly dismantled the remnants of imperial heteronomy, ending centuries of inter-cultural diplomacy. The study illu

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6

Mullenix, Elizabeth Reitz. "Private Women/Public Acts: Petticoat Government and the Performance of Resistance." TDR/The Drama Review 46, no. 1 (2002): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105420402753555886.

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Feminists in 19th-century America performed their politics by storming taverns, holding mock elections at polling sites, and lecturing in public. These performances exacerbated fears concerning the “Woman Question” as antebellum feminists exposed gender as ritualized acts and employed performativity as a way to enact their resistance.

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7

Nurachman, Azhar, and Kasori Mujahid. "Studi Orientalisme Menurut Sejarah dan Tujuan Gerakannya." AHKAM 2, no. 4 (2023): 866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v2i4.2310.

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This article will elaborate in detail on Orientalism from a historical perspective. The study of Orientalism is complex, especially concerning the Orient, particularly Islam, and is driven by motives such as religious, scientific, economic, and political issues. The terms "Orientalism" and "Orientalist" emerged in Andalusia (Spain) in the 7th century Hijri or the 14th century AD. They have harmed Islam by submerging Muslims into misleading ideologies, particularly misleading the younger generation by diverting them from their religion through teachings of materialism and secularism. The stages

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8

CAPELLAN, GONZALO. "Krausism in Spain Beyond Philosophy: Religious Tolerance, Social Harmony, Political Reformism and Modern Pedagogy." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 12 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.12.3.

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Krause's philosophy had a deep and long influence in Spain, where krausism went beyond academia to turn their ideas into reality by means of different associations and institutions. The reception of krausean thought took place in a really hostile context, especially due to the rejection by intransigent Catholicism that vilified Spanish krausism in terms of Religion, morals, politics and education. Despite that fact, krausism proved to be very influential in social theory, politics and education from the second half of the 19th century to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936. This work

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9

Kucharski, Adam. "Korrida i karliści. Wspomnienia Piotra Falkenhagena-Zaleskiego z podroży do Hiszpanii (1843)." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 21 (December 23, 2021): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.21.7.

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Among the accounts of travels in Spain in the 1st half of the 19th century, there is a rather unknown memoir of Piotr Falkenhagen-Zaleski, written on the basis of his 1843 experiences. This exceptionally capable and flexible emigrant began his career in international trade, having successfully tried his hand at journalism and politics in the past. He became an employee at the Henry Hall department store in London, and then opened his own company of the same sort, establishing contacts in many European countries. The travel to Spain aimed at securing another contract. It appears that he did not

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10

Aguirre, Rodolfo. "The Indians and Major Studies in New Spain: Monarchical Politics, Debates, and Results." Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040115.

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This article studies some stages and debates about the access of New Spain’s Indians to major studies: The discussion about their mental capacity in the 16th century, the impulse of Carlos II to the indigenous nobility in the 17th century, or the reticence in the Royal University of Mexico and the Church to their acceptance in the 18th century. It also analyzes the responses given by the Crown to the interest of the Indians elites in superior studies, degrees and public positions, protected by their rights as free vassals of the kingdom and as nobles, comparable to the Spanish nobility. Despit

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11

Capotosti, Piero Alberto. "Coalition Agreements in the Italian Political and Institutional System." Israel Law Review 26, no. 4 (1992): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011171.

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1. In recent years, negotiations between parliamentary factions in Italy have had an increasing impact on the process of government formation. The frequency of such negotiations and resulting coalition agreements necessitates a more thorough examination of this phenomenon in order to understand the interaction between coalition agreements and government policy.The phenomenon of coalition governments is not a new one. A number of European states have witnessed their emergence since the late 19th century. It is, however, in regimes of extreme multi-party politics — as the Italian system must be

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12

Saeeda. "The Politics of Allowances in Waziristan During the British Raj." Central Asia 94, Summer (2024): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.54418/ca-94.219.

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The paper describes the nineteenth and early twentieth century British Indian Government dealings with the Wazir tribe dwelling on the North-West Frontier of the subcontinent. In view of the steady advances of Russians in Central Asia, the British Indian Government thought it necessary to control the Wazir tribe because it was essential to the security of India in the North-West Frontier. Therefore, the British evolved such an administrative system by virtue of which they could exercise influence over them. One of the main elements of arrangement was the payment of allowances and subsidies to

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13

Shahmuhametova, Elena, Malika Yusupova, Natali Solovyova, and Olga Borisova. "Governor in the system of state administration at the beginning of the 19th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 02 (2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202102statyi07.

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Provincial politics in the Russian Empire depended on the personality of the emperor, his views and worldview. During the years of Paul’s Government an extreme form of centralization has been established in the activities of the State apparatus. With the arrival of Emperor Alexander I, there was, in our opinion, a symbolic removal of the distance between the supreme power and its military support, which, in fact, removed obstacles to the spontaneous inclusion of the military in political activity in the next fluctuations of this monarch’s line.

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14

Ircha, M. C. "The Chignecto ship railway: a 19th century engineering innovation." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (1992): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-016.

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Just over a century ago, work commenced on the Chignecto Marine Transport Railway across the Isthmus of Chignecto. The ship railway involved the use of a hydraulic lift to raise large ships on a wheeled cradle. The cradle and the ship were to be towed across the Isthmus by two locomotives and then hydraulically lowered into the receiving waters. The project would transfer ships quicker and be less expensive than building a canal. A private company built the ship railway with the promise of an operating subsidy from the federal government. Financial problems brought the work to a standstill in

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15

Kusdiana, Ading. "The Ductch Colonial Policies on Religion and Education in the Dutch Indies (1889-1942)." Khazanah Sosial 5, no. 3 (2023): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ks.v5i3.24736.

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This study aims to examine the inlandsch polietiek (indigenous politics) implemented by the Dutch Colonial Government during the colonial period in the Dutch East Indies in the 19th century. This study focuses on analyzing the religious and educational practices conducted by the Dutch Colonial Government throughout its rule. Utilizing historical research methods, this study found that the Colonial-Dutch Government adopted a fluctuating political strategy between neutrality and security to maintain its power. In the religious context, the Colonial Government tended to support Islam in its pure

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16

Dowling, John, and David Thatcher Gies. "Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain. Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent." South Atlantic Review 54, no. 1 (1989): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200090.

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17

Miller, Stephen, and David Thatcher Gies. "Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent." Hispania 72, no. 2 (1989): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/343128.

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18

Oakley, R. J., and David Thatcher Gies. "Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent." Modern Language Review 85, no. 4 (1990): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3732748.

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19

Buck, Donald C., and David Thatcher Gies. "Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain. Juan de Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent." Hispanic Review 59, no. 3 (1991): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/474062.

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20

Londre, Felicia Hardison, and David Thatcher Gies. "Theatre and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Spain: Juan De Grimaldi as Impresario and Government Agent." Theatre Journal 41, no. 2 (1989): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3207875.

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21

Abdolmohammadi, Pejman. "Remarks on the Origins of Secularism and Nationalism in Iran." Eurasian Studies 13, no. 1-2 (2015): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340008.

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Mirzā Fatḥʿalī Āḫūndzāde (1812-1878) is one of the most important thinkers and intellectuals of the 19th century in Iran. He started to develop a critical perception of political Islam, giving rise to a new current of thought based on Persian nationalism, secularism and constitutionalism. This article, after a brief introduction of the political and historical context of the 19th century, will analyse the political thought of Āḫūndzāde, highlighting some fundamental elements of his ideas and reflections such as enlightenment, nationalism, constitutionalism, the relationship between religion an

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22

Hamon, M. Max. "A Métis Parliament: Louis Riel and Constitutional Debates in Red River*." Parliamentary History 44, no. 1 (2025): 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12777.

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AbstractIn the mid 19th century the Métis, an Indigenous People in the northwest of North America, contested their exclusion from Canada's parliament. Settler colonial states have a legacy of excluding Indigenous voices. However, considering the case of Louis Riel's expulsion from parliament and reading the constitutional debates held in the northwest during the Red River resistance of 1869–70, this article illustrates the contested nature of the ‘perfect sovereignty’ of settler colonialism. The debates reveal a Métis understanding of parliamentary government that seems to draw on a confluence

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23

Planas, Jordi. "Cooperation, technical education and politics in early agricultural policy in Catalonia (1914–24)." Rural History 31, no. 2 (2020): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793319000360.

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Abstract After the crisis of the late nineteenth century, the role of the state in European agriculture expanded to many new areas: education and technical innovation; commercial policies and market regulations; farm support policies, and sometimes interventions in property rights. The development of these policies was a difficult and costly process, without the intervention of intermediary organisations like agricultural cooperatives and farmers’ associations. This article analyses the early agricultural policy in Catalonia (Spain) and the role of cooperatives in its implementation. It argues

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24

Girard, Chris. "Coevolving informatics and shifting gender dynamics in Norwegian politics." Open Access Government 36, no. 1 (2022): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-036-9829.

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Coevolving informatics and shifting gender dynamics in Norwegian politics Chris Girard, an Associate Professor from the Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies at Florida International University explores education, gender rights and the freedoms of women in Norway. Only one of Norway’s 70 monarchs was a woman over the last thousand years, and now, after great change when universal suffrage was first extended to women in 1913, since 1981, two women have become prime ministers in Norway, serving as heads of state for over 40 per cent of the subsequent four decades. Now, the Norwegian par

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25

Puzovic, Vladislav. "Jefrem Bojovic’s letters addressed to Nil Alexandrovich Popov." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 179 (2021): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2179347p.

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There are 19 unpublished letters written by latter bishop of Zica Jefrem Bojovic, preserved in The Manuscripts Department of The Russian State Library of Moscow. These letters, addressed to Nil Alexandrovich Popov, are part of a personal collection of this famous Russian scholar in the field of history and Slavic literature. Letters from this collection were written from 1874 until 1886, while Bojovic was a student at The Moscow Spiritual Academy and a professor in the Seminary of Belgrade. These letters are a great source for Bishop Jefrem?s biography, especially for understanding his relatio

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Muñoz Sanz-Agero, María. "El Ateneo de Madrid. Los intelectuales en la construcción de la nación en la España liberal (1835-1898)." Dirāsāt Hispānicas: Revista Tunecina de Estudios Hispánicos, no. 9 (December 21, 2023): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dirhisp.vi9.6.

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El término intelectual ha quedado ligado a los opositores del orden político establecido. Sin embargo, existieron figuras de la cultura que participaron en el Estado liberal del siglo XIX español. En este artícu- lo profundizaré en los vínculos entre cultura y política a través de los socios del Ateneo de Madrid.  English title: The Ateneo de Madrid. Intellectuals in the National Construction in the Liberal Spain (1835-1898) The term intellectual has been associated with opponents of the established political order. However, there were cultural figures who participated in the

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27

Griffin, Stephen M. "Bringing the State into Constitutional Theory: Public Authority and the Constitution." Law & Social Inquiry 16, no. 04 (1991): 659–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1991.tb00864.x.

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This article brings the state into constitutional theory by presenting a theory of the development of the American state from the late 19th century to the present. The focus of the theory is the ability of the national state to exercise sovereignty or public authority over civil society. The main thesis is that the Constitution did not establish a government with a level of public authority adequate to the requirements of a modem democratic state. The result was a mismatch between the demands of civil society and the competence of state institutions, causing a reorganization of the political i

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Vaamonde, Luis Gargallo. "Development and destruction of the liberal prison system in Spain: a general framework for studying the topic." História Unicap 5, no. 10 (2019): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.25247/hu.2018.v5n10.p424-439.

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During the Restoration and the Second Republic, up until the outbreak of the Civil War, the prison system that was developed in Spain had a markedly liberal character. This system had begun to acquire robustness and institutional credibility from the first dec- ade of the 20th Century onwards, reaching a peak in the early years of the government of the Second Republic. This process resulted in the establishment of a penitentiary sys- tem based on the widespread and predominant values of liberalism. That liberal belief system espoused the defence of social harmony, property and the individual,

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29

Zygmont, Alexey. "“Martyrs for God and Spain”. National Martyrdom in Spain from the Civil War to the Historical Memory Law." Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics VII, no. 1 (2023): 128–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2023-1-128-164.

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The article considers the ideology of national martyrdom in 20th century Spain, especially the cult of “martyrs for God and Spain” spread during the period of Spanish Civil War (1939–1939) and the reign of caudillo Francisco Franco (1939–1975). The author reasons that, as a mechanism for legitimization and mobilization, the idea of martyrdom for the nation was one of the integral parts of Francoist regime. The origins of this idea are traced back to several sources: “old” national martyrdom of 19th century Spain, associated with its struggle for independence from France, the sacrificial cultur

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Ogarkova, I. V., and G. N. Rykun. "Historical background of the formation of social policy in Spain in the late XIXearly XX centuries." Гуманитарные и юридические исследования 11, no. 4 (2024): 680–86. https://doi.org/10.37493/2409-1030.2024.4.9.

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Introduction. The article studies the identification of historical prerequisites for the formation of social policy in Spain in the late XIX-early XX centuries. The authors believe that the historical approach to this topic allows a comprehensive approach to the peculiarities of the formation of social policy in the modern world. The study of this problem since the 19th century is due to the fact that it was from that time in such European countries as Great Britain, France and Germany that the issues of the formation of social policy and its importance in society became significant. Materials

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Abdul Kadir, Abdul Razak, Jamil Hamali, Saimi Bujang, et al. "UNFAIR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JAMES BROOKE AND BRUNEI IN 19TH CENTURY THROUGH BRUNEI MANUSCRIPT." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 8, no. 32 (2023): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.832006.

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Brunei's rule is indeed known as a great power after Majapahit gave sovereignty to Brunei to control the territory of the Brunei Islands and its surroundings including the southern Philippines (Sulu) since the 16th century. However, European powers began to come to the archipelago with concrete reasons to control the trading area which is rich in raw materials. Not to be missed is the region of the Borneo archipelago, which is rich in raw materials such as gold, bird's nest, spices, bauxite, and others. Competition began to occur between great powers such as the British, Spain and the Netherla

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Podolskiy, Vadim Andreevich. "Social Policy and resolution of the social conflicts in Spanish Conservative Political Philosophy of the 19th Century." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 4 (April 2024): 103–22. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2024.4.72723.

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The article analyses of the ideas of the Spanish conservatives in the sphere of social policy. The "social question" related to the precarious material situation of industrial workers, in Spain, as in other European countries, manifested itself along with a number of other conflicts related to dynastic disputes, government forms, local and economic restrictions. Of all the conflicts, the Spanish conservatives considered the "social question" to be the most serious, since they saw in it the largest threat to property and public order. Conservatives criticized socialism as an attempt to solve th

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33

Burkhanadin, A. "Political islam or conservatism: a typology of the Deobandi movement." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 144, no. 3 (2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-144-3-178-189.

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The article analyzes the general nature, branches, political and religious enlightenment activities of the Deobandian movement, which appeared in India in the 19th century and passed through various stages, based on the issue of typology related to religious movements in Islam. Thus, a typology of religious and political groups originating from the Deobandian movement is created. A systematic conclusion is made on such issues as the beginning of the movement, its relationship with the colonial government, branching, involvement in political decisions, sources of religious education, legal and

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Walls, John. "Building colonial Hong Kong: Speculative development and segregation in the city – A book review." Journal of Chinese Architecture and Urbanism 5, no. 3 (2023): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/jcau.1110.

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Cecilia Chu, an urban historian, was surprised at her studies that unmasking the 19th-century colonial land tenure system resulted in &ldquo;good government&rdquo; in Hong Kong. She found the colonial governance evolved to respect traditional Confucian values of impartiality, integrity, and a commitment to the public interest. The need for Hong Kong government to be self-sufficient by Britain was the original driver for this to happen; that is, the requirement to sell public land to raise revenue from the European and Chinese Speculators essential for the development of Hong Kong. Chu&

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Kanjilal, Dr Amitava. "The Limits of Cultural-Economic Explanations of Ethnic Phenomenon: The Case of West Bengal." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 4 (2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060415.

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At the crossroad of seventy-five years of India’s experiment with Democracy, several expressions of ethnic identity politics have bloomed in various parts of the nation. The discontent around the notion of Development being ‘unequal’ and ‘unfair’ to some, demands of separate statehood remain visible with varied strength of organisation. West Bengal was no far from the currents of such demands of smaller states based on the rationale of deprivation on cultural and economic grounds. However, the history of West Bengal depicts that the cosmopolitan development of cultural milieu since 19th Centur

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Faruqi, Daanish. "19th Century Moroccan Sufism and the 2011 Syrian Revolution: The Legacy of Shaykh Muḥammad ibn Mas'ūd al-Fāsī". Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies 8, № 1 (2023): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jims.00002.

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Abstract: In the context of the 2011 Syrian Revolution, numerous Syrian Sufi scholars emerged in opposition to the government of Bashar al-Assad. Among the most prominent of these was Shaykh Muḥammad al-Ya'qūbī (b. 1963). In his vocal opposition to the Syrian government, Shaykh al-Ya'qūbī framed the ongoing conflict in eschatological terms, and in doing so drew upon a long tradition of North African Shādhilī Sufi terminology and vocabularies of spiritual and political vicegerency ( khilāfa ). Specifically, this article argues that Shaykh al-Ya'qūbī drew heavily upon the works of the nineteenth

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Forbath, William E. "Courts, Constitutions, and Labor Politics in England and America: A Study of the Constitutive Power of Law." Law & Social Inquiry 16, no. 01 (1991): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1991.tb00282.x.

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For most of the 19th century, the labor movements of England and America seemed to be developing along similar lines. Then, in the decades around the turn of the century, both movements were embroiled in a common battle over the political soul of trade unionism. In England, the champions of broad, class-based social and industrial reforms prevailed. In the United States, they lost, and the winners were the voluntarists, who held that labor should steer clear of politics as much as possible. This article suggests that the key reasons for the divergence lie not in the sociology of the working cl

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38

Khalikulova, Umida Rustamovna. "SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION IN INDIA AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY - THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (2024): 83–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10935085.

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Late 19th - early 20th century. The socio-political situation in India was dire. The economic situation was extremely difficult, the standard of living of the population was lower than that of other countries. At that time, India mainly specialized in agriculture, and the majority of the population lived in villages and engaged in farming. Due to the lack of systematic work in agriculture, the lifestyle of the farmers working on the land was miserable. The industry was also served by the British government. There are some differences in India during this period literacy and only upper class pe

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Gavrilova, S. M. "The Problem of Separatism in Modern Spain: the Catalan Question." Post-Soviet Issues 9, no. 2 (2022): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2022-9-2-213-229.

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Catalan nationalism, rooted in the 19th century, transformed into separatism in the 1980s, threatening the existence of the Spanish state. The unstable political situation in the country caused by the crisis of the party system and serious economic problems is noticeably aggravated by the Catalan issue. The separatists representing the autonomy are not distinguished by unity, which provokes additional tension in the region, but they have a serious impact on the central government. The instability of the current Spanish government, formed by socialists, is compounded by the need to seek support

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Romney, Paul. "A Conservative Reformer in Upper Canada: Charles Fothergill, Responsible Government and the “British Party”, 1824‑1840." Historical Papers 19, no. 1 (2006): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030917ar.

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Abstract Whig treatments of the politics of early 19th century Upper Canada have tended to treat the reformers as a group unified behind the concept of "responsible government". As Graeme Patterson has pointed out, though, the concept of responsible government, which lay at the heart of much debate during the 1830s and 1840s, had a variety of meanings, ranging from the traditional Baldwinite view of ministerial responsibility for policy to an elected chamber of a sovereign legislature to the much simpler concept cf effective accountability of the colonial administration to imperial authorities

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Shen, Huifen. "Qiaojuan Politics: Government Policies toward the Left-Behind Family Members of Chinese Overseas, 1880s-1990s." Journal of Chinese Overseas 6, no. 1 (2010): 43–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179325410x491464.

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AbstractSince the late 19th century, the emigration of Chinese has left large numbers of their family members (Qiaojuan) behind in China. These “left-behind relatives” were seen as a channel through which the government could influence the attitudes and behaviors of the Chinese overseas especially in relation to overseas remittances to families remaining in China; the Qiaojuan thus became a group that successive Chinese governments treated with special consideration in their policy-making. Before 1949, some Qiaojuan received favorable treatment and a degree of protection from extortion and the

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Verbora, Antonio Robert. "The Political Landscape Surrounding Anti-Cruelty Legislation in Canada." Society & Animals 23, no. 1 (2015): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341353.

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In 1998, the federal government launched a consultation process, which pointed out that nothing significant had been done to change federal anti-cruelty laws in Canada since 1892. The consultation process concluded that among other concerns, outdated wording of the law has prevented the prosecution of many serious nonhuman animal abusers. Since 1999, there have been a number of failed amendments to the Criminal Code anti-cruelty provisions. The study examines the trajectory of the proposed changes since 1999 to the present, using official transcripts of Canadian parliamentary debates, and seek

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Illba, Rogina. "The System of Government of Algeria During the Period of Turkish Domination (16th - the First Third of the 19th Century)." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 1 (217) (March 31, 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-1-87-91.

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The stages of the rule of the Ottoman Empire in Algeria, from the administration of the Beylerbeys (Prince of Princes) are considered before the reign of the Dey. This was the longest period of Ottoman rule. At present, the history of Algeria seems to be the most important stage of modern Arab history in general and the history of the Ottoman Empire in particular, since the Eyalet of Algeria was the first country in the Maghreb that came under Ottoman control. Since the 16th century, the Ottomans settled there after Hayraddin Barbarossa declared his submission to the Ottoman Sultanate in Istan

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Seebacher, Felicitas. "Communicating Politics in the Dissecting Room The Influence of Medical Students and Physicians from Prague Charles-Ferdinand University on the Liberal Model of Human Progress at Vienna University." Dějiny věd a techniky 48, no. 4 (2015): 217–28. https://doi.org/10.70391/7df.4.c.

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Communicating Politics in the Dissecting Room The Influence of Medical Students and Physicians from Prague Charles-Ferdinand University on the Liberal Model of Human Progress at Vienna University In the first decades of the 19th century, universities in the Habsburg Monarchy were supervised by the government and patronized by the state. The philosopher Bernard Bolzano, professor at the University of Prague, had to leave, as he had incited liberal ideas among students. Due to the lack of career prospects in Bohemia or Moravia, quite a few of them left Prague for Vienna. Believing in the ideals

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Trifunovic, Branislava. "Fin-de-siccle in Russia: Politics and culture." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 174 (2020): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2074185t.

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In this research paper, author discusses artistic responses to political turmoil from 1850 to 1917. This period in the Russian Empire was marked by a gradual striving for a radical and total social transformation initiated by, sometimes even violent, social reactions to the existing autocratic form of government in the mid-19th century, and completed by the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. The article dwells upon historical problems of social and cultural transformations of the Russian society and highlights artistic contribution in strive for modernization. In exploring the mode of adaptatio

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Peláez Berbell, José Jaime. "Rafael de Labra y la política educativa de la Restauración." Przegląd Europejski, no. 3-2017 (January 28, 2018): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.17.7.

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This article contrasts two viewpoints about education during the Spanish Bourbon Restoration: on the one hand, the official one of the Government, and on the other hand, that of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Free Educational Institution), especially regarding the pedagogical ideas of one of its members, Rafael de Labra (1840–1918). After a brief overview through the educational landscape in Spain during 19th century, it is mentioned the Public Instruction Act of 1857. Next the main features of the educational system of the Restoration are summarised and it is also taken into account the

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Borovkov, Anatoly. "Important contribution to Russian Latin American studies." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 7 (2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0015309-8.

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The book examines the main trends in Mexico&apos;s international activities in the first two decades of the XXI century, as well as the leading trends in its socio-political development. The author tried to show that Mexico is more and more actively involved in solving the main problems of world politics, where it emphatically takes independent positions. Mexico&apos;s relations with the United States, with the countries of Latin America, with China and Spain, as well as the prospects for expanding ties with Russia are analyzed, Mexico&apos;s position in the UN is shown and the pro

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ØSTERGÅRD, UFFE. "The history of Europe seen from the North." European Review 14, no. 2 (2006): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798706000263.

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The Nordic or Scandinavian countries represent variations on general European patterns of state and nation-building and political culture. Denmark and Sweden rank among the oldest and most typical of nation-states together with France, Britain and Spain and should be studied with the same questions in mind. Today, however, a sort of trans-state common Nordic identity coexists with independent national identifications among the Scandinavians. Nordic unity is regarded as a viable alternative to European culture and integration by large numbers of the populations. There has never existed a ‘Scand

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(Corresponding Author), Syaimak Ismail, Muhammad Saiful Islam, Noor Syahidah Mohamad Akhir Akhir, and Azhar Abdul Rahman. "Diplomatic Ties between the Ottoman Empire and the Malay Sultanate from the 14th to the 19th Centuries." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 19, no. 1 (2024): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol19no1.7.

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Malaya began its relationship with the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the 15th century, during the time of the Melaka-Sultanate. This relationship continued even after the arrival of colonialists and the fall of the Ottoman Turkish Empire. At first, their relations were focused on politics and economics. These two kingdoms were considered to be the powerful Islamic forces that influenced Europe and Asia. The Sultan of Melaka visited Turkey several times to strengthen their relationship and even took an oath of allegiance to the Ottoman Turkish Empire, promising to defend Islam in Asia. After the fa

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Abeywardana, Nuwan, Wiebke Bebermeier, and Brigitta Schütt. "Ancient Water Management and Governance in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Until Abandonment, and the Influence of Colonial Politics during Reclamation." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121746.

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The dry-zone water-harvesting and management system in Sri Lanka is one of the oldest historically recorded systems in the world. A substantial number of ancient sources mention the management and governance structure of this system suggesting it was initiated in the 4th century BCE (Before Common Era) and abandoned in the middle of the 13th century CE (Common Era). In the 19th century CE, it was reused under the British colonial government. This research aims to identify the ancient water management and governance structure in the dry zone of Sri Lanka through a systematic analysis of ancient

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