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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Spalovna komunálního odpadu'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Šíma, Kamil. "Energetické využití komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229193.

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The topic of the diplome thesis is draft of the waste-to-energy plant for municipal waste with cogeneration of heat. Basic specification of project: Waste-to-Energy plant is facilitated by two rotary kilns of type operating in parallel. Further flue gas leaving the post-combustor enters a multicyclone unit to separate substatial portion of fly-ash. Heat of flue gas at the temperature of 1000°C generates superheated steam in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Dry sorption process is appllied for flue gas treatment. Specifically sodium bi-carbonate is used for it. Products of reactions and remnants of dust are separated by a baghouse. Superheated steam, generated by two HRSG, presents the inlet stream of a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction. The diploma thesis contains calculation of major devices and basic economical and financial statement of project.
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2

Hošek, Jaromír. "Optimalizační modely pro energetické využití odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232178.

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The main aim of this thesis is to create a sequence of mathematical optimization models with different levels of complexity for the efficient management and waste energy utilization. Stochastic programming approach was utilized to deal with random demand and uncertain heating values. Hence, more applicable model of the waste-to-energy plant has been developed. As the next step, the model is enhanced by heating plant extension. Computations are realized for real-world data and optimal solution is found by using GAMS implementation.
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3

Reiskup, Matěj. "Návrh spalovenského kotle na spalování směsného komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241940.

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The thesis deals with the design of the boiler to combustion of mixed communal waste. The introductory chapters present introduction of the problem, short explanation about fuel of the boiler and speciality of the boiler to combustion of mixed communal waste. The main part is the heat calculation of the boiler, which consists of stoichiometry of the combustion, heat losses, then disposition of heat performances to individual exchange surfaces. In the end is summary of calculation and knowledge consequent of the calculation.
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4

Szegedi, Peter. "Výroba tepla a elektrické energie ve spalovně směsného komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230117.

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This diploma thesis deals with a design of steam boiler used to incineration of mixed municipal waste. Based on the specified fuel and the required output parameters of the steam from a steam boiler is calculated stoichiometry of incineration, thermal losses and overall boiler efficiency. Other chapters of thesis are focused on construction and thermal calculation of boiler moves. Finally, this thesis is to check heat balance of the boiler.
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5

Vlach, Josef. "Posuzování životního cyklu komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228044.

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The aim of this study is to present methodology life cycle (LCA) and Life Cycle Assessment of disposal the municipal solid waste chain. There is described the procedure of generation of the LCA studies according to the standards ČSN EN ISO 14 040 and ČSN EN ISO 14 044 in the first and second part. In the third part of this diploma there are described LCA analyses that have already been created. The software GEMIS (Global Emission Model for Integrated System) is described in the fourth part. The computer model GEMIS has been used as a calculation tool in this study. The fifth part of this study includes waste management and different kinds of disposal municipal solid waste. In this part is describe basic data about landfilling and incieration. There is shown LCA analysis of disposal municipial solid waste in the sixth part. Data processing was carried out by means of the software GEMIS 4.3. The results were interpreted for incineration and landfilling. Finally there is mentioned results for 1 TJ different elektrical energize to.
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6

Čech, Martin. "Technicko-ekonomické modely spaloven komunálního odpadu s využitím energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230232.

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Main principle of the thesis is to create technical-economic model of municipal waste-to-energy plant. This model is suitable for different technical parameters of various incinerators and there is not necessary to create new model for each new incinerator. The model also includes basic economic aspects of technology and service of the municipal waste incinerator. The importance of municipal waste incinerator construction, their current situation and planned future in Czech Republic are also mentioned in the thesis.
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7

Procházka, Jaroslav. "Energetické využití komunálního odpadu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229473.

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Master’s thesis deal with the design of waste to energy plant of municipal waste. The design of technology is to build the component parts of plant and basic calculation of individual apparatus. Overall technology concists of pretreatment of municipal waste, which is then stored in the bunker. Pretreatment municipal waste is fed into the counterflow rotary kiln. Flue Gates from the kilns are routed through multicyklony in the heat recovery steam generators (HRSG). The multicyklon separates the pollutants. The HRSG generates steam required properties from the feedwater from the heat kontent of gas. Superheated steam is driven to the condensing turbine with extract steam for distrikt rating and for power generation. The flue gas from the HRSG are passed through purification section, in which are separand pollutants the dry method purification. The left heat content of flue gas is used in heat exchanger with twist tube for preheating feed water for the HRSG. The flue gas are fed to the stack.
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8

Kropáč, Jiří. "Technicko-ekonomická analýza dat z provozu moderní spalovny komunálních odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228089.

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The goal of this work is compilation of computational model of thermal stage and heat recovery block of modern unit for thermal processing of municipal solid waste. The model is based on mass and enthalpy balances and it makes possible to estimate the value of energy transferred to water in secondary combustion chamber, outside the heat recovery blok. The model is verified by implementation of real operational data of an up-to-date unit with annual capacity of 100 kt for thermal processing of municipal solid waste and then it is used for analysis of changing input parameters, i. e. change in lower heating value of incinerated waste.
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9

Machát, Ondřej. "Výpočtový systém pro vyhodnocení výrobních ukazatelů spaloven komunálních odpadů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230598.

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This thesis contains evaluation of crucial operational indicators of a waste-to-energy plant. Above all, it is lower heating value of municipal solid waste and boiler efficiency. An approach for evaluation improvement by mathematical methods is proposed. The approach is implemented in a computational tool developed in Microsoft Excel. The approach is tested and subsequently used for operational data from a real waste-to-energy plant.
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10

Hamšíková, Renata. "Posouzení životního cyklu (LCA) směsného komunálního odpadu v obci Frýdek-Místek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11015.

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Diploma graduation thesis deals with analytical tool called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Paper explains this analytic tool and focuses on its possible application in municipal decision-making process. Thesis carries out specific application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) targeted towards disposal of mixed municipal waste collected from Frýdek-Místek city. Municipal waste management issues are mentioned in relation with Frýdek-Místek and year 2007. The aim is to analyze nowadays landfilling of mixed municipal waste done in Frýdek-Místek and to examine the possibility of incineration of mixed municipal waste in order to reach minimal total environmental impacts. The paper offers improvement suggestions based on extensive LCA study.
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11

Frýba, Lukáš. "Koncepce termického zpracování odpadů z komunální sféry." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401600.

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European Union and states of European Union legislation are updated according new information about the composition and content of danger compounds in the sewage sludge from municipal waste water treatment plants. It has the effect on using of modern technologies for disposal in sewage sludge treatment. These methods are designed for sewage sludge hygienization, amount reduction, material transformation for next using or sludge incineration for energy production and utilization. The thesis is focuses on the effective thermal treatment of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants. An important part of the line for sewage sludge incineration is pre-treatment and reduction of water content. The water content reducing is a high energy consumption process which is helpfull to use waste heat from energy plants where it would be loosed without using.
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12

Karásek, René. "Transfer těžkých kovů při spalování odpadů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233969.

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The municipal solid waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous material that consists mainly of organic and mineral substances, metals and water. After thermal treatment this waste redistributes into individual incineration products. This also holds for the metals contained in the waste. This thesis deals with the behaviour of heavy metals and their compounds during the incineration process. Determining the percentage content of heavy metals from the waste entering the process of thermal utilization is practically impossible. The principal aim is to determine the amount of each heavy metal in the MSW from the incineration products. The opening sections of the thesis deal with waste, options of incineration, flue gas cleaning processes and also with the problems of the heavy metals in the environment. The next section introduces recent developments, what possibilities there are for determining the heavy metals in the waste and methods of data evaluation. The experimental part of the thesis introduces of a four-day measuring process that was conducted at the MSW incineration plant SAKO, Inc. The samples of the individual products of incineration were taken and after the laboratory analysis the results for the selected heavy metals were processed. The results include statistical data analysis.
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13

Mazák, Tomáš. "SAKO Brno - vyvedení tepelného výkonu do CZT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231368.

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The purpose of this thesis is to design a solution thermal power outlet of incinerator in hot water for the supply this town of heat. First and foremost are described problems landfill society and their implications on the environment. Next some alternatives of the waste and the burning in incinerators are described too. The thesis describes the history of the first incineration plant in the Czech Republic and its subsequent upgrading of the economical and environmentally friendly waste recovery and modernization of flue gas cleaning. Contribution of the work is then proposed as amendments to equipment and wiring for use of steam for the conversion heat output into hot water. This is essentially a calculation of steam water heaters at the end of the expansion of the steam and the related adjustments to the turbine blading. At the conclusion outlines the basic economic calculation and comparison of profits and investment associated with this implementation compared to implementation, which is now projected. It is a calculation of investment efficiency and its possible repayment due to higher profits from the sale of energy. This work serves only as a basis work for future technical realization and it outlines the appropriateness of this alteration.
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14

Šomplák, Radovan. "Využití metod stochastického programování pro hodnocení investic v energetických zdrojích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229821.

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This thesis deals with the evaluation of the strategic investment in the waste-to-energy plant development. The central supply of heat and the incineration plant connection can be provided for example by the distribution network. The objective is to find financially feasible solution regarding uncertain development of waste management and energy market. A heat supplies to district heating network significantly influences the strategic decision. A two-stage stochastic programming based on the scenarios and the GAMS software were applied to solve this task. The main contribution of this thesis is decision on crucial parameters of the waste-to-energy plant.
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15

Bravený, Adam. "Udržitelnost systémů odpadového hospodářství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231047.

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The thesis proposes a new approach to assess sustainability of waste management systems. In the first part current mixed municipal waste (MSW) management system of the Czech republic is reviewed and promising MSW treatment techniques are introduced. In the second part a summary of literature on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to assess sustainability of MSW systems is provided. A new sustainability assessment model is proposed by implementing LCA to a current tool called NERUDA used to optimize waste management costing. It is demonstrated how to connect these two concepts in order to aquire a powerful tool for sustainability assessment.
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16

Bochníček, Ondřej. "Vzduchem chlazený kondenzátor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318861.

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This master´s thesis deals with an air cooled condenser. The specific attention is focused on the condenser in the Brno´s waste-to-energy plant SAKO. The general process of calculation of the heat transfer coefficient is introduced, which is the base for the calculation of the condenser´s output. This process is later used for the calculation of a specific condenser. A considerable part of the thesis is concentrated on the analysis of behavior of the condenser of SAKO in various conditions from the theoretical point of view and then also in terms of real operation using provided operational data.
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17

Chovanec, Jan. "Analýza možností energetického využití odpadů ve vybraném regionu." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178539.

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This thesis examines the possibility of using the energy potential of waste produced in Ostrava and its surroundings. The aim of this work is to determine whether it makes sense to build a waste incineration plant with energy usage. The thesis also deals with possibilities of heat utilisation, which is produced by the combustion of municipal waste. In the first part is evaluated quantity and composition of the produced waste. The methods of deliveries and the amounts of thermal energy in the selected area are described next. On the base of this information, the facility is designed. Finally, the possible contributions to the region are evaluated.
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18

Laštůvka, Igor. "Energetické využití nerecyklovatelného směsného komunálního odpadu." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-249356.

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The aim of the dissertation was set in respect to the decline of caloric value of waste at SAKO Brno incineration plant and decrease of the amount of MSW at landfill in Nemcice in Hana. Smart goal was defined to increase the caloric value of municipal waste components by at least 5%. The theoretical part is basically a comparsion of the development of municipal waste in landfills and combustion. There is also described the historical development of municipal waste management in different times and countries in the paper. Used technologies and individual components raised at landfilling and combustion are compared and scrutinized. This topic is very current since the European Union supports most forms of combustion, in order to minimize landfilling in the next 10 years. The practical part shows technology of waste to energy from municipal waste. There is a procedure set for the classification and sieving of municipal waste, so the energy components are separed and the heating value is increased. There were 3 compared to samples of wastes caloric value was measured in the process within the incinerator SAKO Brno. Highest calorific value was measured for sample no. 2 - communal waste enriched with 1/5 weight plastics calorific 13.09 GJ.t-1. When the calorific value of the operating amounth for producing 42.55 tp.h-1 was needed 10.04 t.h-1 one of said sample. The suggestion part determines the specific procedure. The output is the energetical and economical benefit for the incinerator and the economical benefit for the landfill. We can say that both technologies are maximally used. The conclusion and recommendations summarize all the benefits of the technology, including the risks and opportunies that are associated with this method.
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19

Bartůňková, Zuzana. "Stanovení podílu nebezpečných látek ve směsném komunálním odpadu z krajského města." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179626.

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The purpose of this thesis is to determine the proportion of hazardous substances in mixed municipal waste from the regional city of Brno. There are the basic concepts and information regarding municipal and hazardous waste defined in the literature review. The results of measurement are evaluated in Ma-terial and Methods section. The amount of hazardous and potentially hazardous additives in mixed municipal waste is also evaluated. Subsequently are proposed options for diversion of dangerous additives from mixed municipal waste. The results of this study indicate the amount of hazardous and potentially hazardous additives in mixed municipal waste per resident per year in Brno.
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20

MOJŽIŠ, Lukáš. "Historický vývoj a podmínky nakládání se separovaným komunálním odpadem v ČR." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80174.

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The aim was to map the first and second link in the chain municipal waste management, particularly with municipal sorted waste. I focused on the core components of municipal waste - paper, plastic and glass. The thesis examined public awareness about waste, how well informed they are and whether people are interested in products made from recycled materials. The second part was to describe the situation in a company dealing with waste, described problems are encountered and to find the steps that would lead to improve this situation
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