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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SPAN Networks'

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1

Tse, Peter W. "Neural networks for machine fault diagnosis and life span prediction." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390518.

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2

Basarudin, Hafiz. "Development of a heterogeneous microwave network, fade simulation tool applicable to networks that span Europe." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5774.

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Radio communication systems operating at microwave frequencies are strongly attenuated by hydrometeors such as rain and wet snow (sleet). Hydrometeor attenuation dominates the dynamic fading of most types of radio links operating above 10 GHz, especially high capacity, fixed, terrestrial and Earth-Space links. The International Telecommunication Unions – Radio Section (ITU-R) provides a set of internationally recognized models to predict annual fade distributions for a wide variety of individual radio link. However, these models are not sufficient for the design and optimisation of networks, e
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3

Asikgil, Mert. "Conceptual Quantity Modeling Of Single Span Highway Bridges By Regression, Neural Networks And Case Based Reasoning Methods." Thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614348/index.pdf.

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Conceptual estimation techniques play an important role in determining the approximate costs of construction projects especially during feasibility stages. Moreover, pre-design estimates are also crucial for the contractors. With the help of the conceptual predictions companies can determine approximate project costs and can gain several advantages before tendering phase. The main objective of this thesis is to focus on modeling of quantities instead of costs and to develop quantity take-off models for pre-design cost estimation of bridge projects. Majority of the existing studies focus on mo
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4

Yucel, Omer Burak. "Calibration Of The Finite Element Model Of A Long Span Cantilever Through Truss Bridge Using Artificial Neural Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609850/index.pdf.

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In recent years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have become widely popular tools in various disciplines of engineering, including civil engineering. In this thesis, Multi-layer perceptron with back-propagation type of network is utilized in calibration of the finite element model of a long span cantilever through truss called Commodore Barry Bridge (CBB). The essence of calibration lies in the phenomena of comparing and correlating the structural response of an analytical model with experimental results as closely as possible. Since CBB is a very large structure having complex structural mec
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5

Johnson, Gary Wayne. "Connecting Landscapes to People: Assessing the Distribution of Ecosystem Service Flows Using the SPAN Approach." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/301.

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The Service Path Attribution Network (SPAN) framework provides a novel, user-centric, connectivity-based approach to ecosystem service assessment and valuation (ESAV). Ecosystem services are delivered to users through the simulated flow of some service medium (i.e., matter, energy, or information) from the ecosystems in which it originates (sources) to the people or assets which it affects (users). Along the way, the service medium may be absorbed by intervening landscape features (sinks) or captured by rival users. Crucially, the service medium is not itself an ecosystem service or benefit bu
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6

Sällström, Christina. "Spouses' experiences of living with a partner with Alzheimer's disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicinska fakulteten, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71669.

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The overall aim of the study was to gain some understanding of the lived experience of the care-giving spouses regarding their experiences of the manifestations of the disease, perception of their own health, the possibility of influencing the interpretation of the past, the present and future, outlook on life, surrounding contacts and intimate relationships with their sick partners. The spouses (n=13) of Alzheimer victims were followed with the help of personal interviews, diaries and telephone interviews during a two-years period. The texts was analysed according to a phenomenological-hermen
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7

Steele, Christopher Mark. "Relativistic spin networks." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275956.

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8

Sylvester, Igor Andrade. "Efficient classical simulation of spin networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36112.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 45).<br>In general, quantum systems are believed to be exponentially hard to simulate using classical computers. It is in these hard cases where we hope to find quantum algorithms that provide speed up over classical algorithms. In the paradigm of quantum adiabatic computation, instances of spin networks with 2-local interactions could hopefully efficiently compute certain problems in NP-complete. Thus, we are interested in the adiabatic evolution of spin networks. There are
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9

Düring, Alexander. "Temporal aspects of spin-glass neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325892.

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10

Xu, Hailu. "Efficient Spam Detection across Online Social Networks." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470416658.

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11

Gomez, Corrochano Daniel. "Social Networks and the flow of people : The effects of computer-mediated communication on mobility of young people from a rural area in Spain." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13833.

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This research examines how social networking fosters the mobility of young people in a rural Spain. Generally, rural areas have been overlooked in the discourse on Globalization and Network Society, which is the foundation of the concept of “linked city”. Although many scholars have highlighted the direct link between the increase in the modes of communication of people and the increase of any kind of interaction, face-to-face included, it is necessary to stress that most of these studies are conducted in urban context where a certain grade of efficient transport exists. This study provides an
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12

Ramachandran, Anirudh Vadakkedath. "Mitigating spam using network-level features." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41068.

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Spam is an increasing menace in email: 90% of email is spam, and over 90% of spam is sent by botnets---networks of compromised computers under the control of miscreants. In this dissertation, we introduce email spam filtering using network-level features of spammers. Network-level features are based on lightweight measurements that can be made in the network, often without processing or storing a message. These features stay relevant for longer periods, are harder for criminals to alter at will (e.g., a bot cannot act independently of other bots in the botnet), and afford the unique opportuni
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13

Brophy, Jonathan. "Collective Classification of Social Network Spam." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22625.

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Unsolicited messages affects virtually every popular social media website, and spammers have become increasingly proficient at bypassing conventional filters, prompting a stronger effort to develop new methods. First, we build an independent model using features that capture the cases where spam is obvious. Second, a relational model is built, taking advantage of the interconnected nature of users and their comments. By feeding our initial predictions from the independent model into the relational model, we can propagate and jointly infer the labels of all comments at the same time. This al
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14

Laughton, Stephen Nicholas. "Dynamics of neural networks and disordered spin systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5531cef6-4682-4750-9c5c-cb69e5e72d64.

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I obtain a number of results for the dynamics of several disordered spin systems, of successively greater complexity. I commence with the generalised Hopfield model trained with an intensive number of patterns, where in the thermodynamic limit macroscopic, deterministic equations of motion can be derived exactly for both the synchronous discrete time and asynchronous continuous time dynamics. I show that for symmetric embedding matrices Lyapunov functions exist at the macroscopic level of description in terms of pattern overlaps. I then show that for asymmetric embedding matrices several types
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15

Canning, Andrew Magnus. "Ising spin models of partially connected neural networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13304.

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16

Hope, Priscilla. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Identify Image Spam." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216868348.

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17

Zhen, Yufeng. "A NOVEL SPAM CAMPAIGN IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3290.

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The increasing popularity of the Online Social Networks (OSNs)\nomenclature{$OSNs$}{Online Social Networks} has made the OSNs major targets of spammers. They aim to illegally gather private information from users and spread spam to them. In this paper, we propose a new spam campaign that includes following key steps: creating fake accounts, picking legitimate accounts, forming friendships, earning trust, and spreading spam. The unique part in our spam campaign is the process of earning trust. By using social bots, we significantly lower the cost of earning trust and make it feasible in the rea
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18

García-Islas, Juan Manuel. "Aspects of (2+1)-dimensional quantum gravity and topology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289494.

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19

Penney, Richard William. "The statistical mechanics of neural networks and spin glasses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239333.

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20

Jayasooriya, Arachchilage Dinush Lanka Panditharathna. "Spin Network Evaluation and the Asymptotic Behavior." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1825.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OFDinush Lanka Panditharathna Jayasooriya Arachchilage, forthe Doctor of Philosophy degree in MATHEMATICS, presented on June 22, 2020 at SouthernIllinois University Carbondale.TITLE: SPIN NETWORK EVALUATION AND THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIORMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Jerzy KocikGraphically, a spin network is a trivalent graph with weights on each edge. At anyof the vertices, the sum of all three weights is even and the sum of any two weights isgreater than or equal to the remaining weight. If the spin network has no free ends, thenwe can evaluate the spin network. Here, we p
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21

Kreiser, Kilian. "SPAN (Special Protection Area Network) : A platform to protect bird protection areas." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-72662.

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Background The foundation for life on our planet are all the resources we can draw upon: sunlight, clean water, fresh air and many more. But one existential resource a lot of people are not aware of, is the rich variety of life forms on earth. Biodiversity surrounds us every day: It is in the clothes we wear, the food we eat and the medicine we take. It is also an important driver for tourism, economy and technology: Various technological innovations are directly inspired by nature.But biodiversity is degrading rapidly caused by the rising land consumption in many countries. In Germany, this p
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22

Hughes, N. C. "Spanish international development co-operation : a policy network approach." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274955.

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23

Martinez-Fernandez, Cristina Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Networks for regional development : case studies from Australia and Spain." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20482.

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This study investigates the role of regional networks for economic development (RENEDs) in regions suffering from industrial dislocation. It proposes that RENEDs significantly affect regional development. It also investigates the aspects of RENEDs that promote interorganisational collaboration on projects, and examines how RENEDs foster and manage them. The research uses a case study approach, and presents two regions suffering from the decline of their main economic source. These regions are the Hunter region of New South Wales (Australia) and the Le??n province of Castilla Y Le??n (Spain). A
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24

Lam, Ho-Yu. "A learning approach to spam detection based on social networks /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202007%20LAM.

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25

Liang, Li. "Supply chain network for hydrogen transportation in Spain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61892.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).<br>Hydrogen fuel is considered one of the major emerging renewable substitutes for fossil fuel. A crucial factor as to whether hydrogen will be successful depends on its cost as a substitute. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating the feasibility from a supply chain point of view. This thesis intends to provide a comprehensive study of the feasibility of hydrogen as a transp
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26

Lee, Christopher Patrick. "Framework for botnet emulation and analysis." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28191.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Copeland, John; Committee Member: Durgin, Gregory; Committee Member: Goodman, Seymour; Committee Member: Owen, Henry; Committee Member: Riley, George.
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27

Li, Fang. "Formal verification in network of synchronizing FSMs with SPIN." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62239.pdf.

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28

Bara, Ioana-Alexandra. "Discovering Spam On Twitter." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3527.

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Twitter generates the majority of its revenue from advertising. Third parties pay to have their products advertised on Twitter through: tweets, accounts and trends. However, spammers can use Sybil accounts (fake accounts) [21] to advertise and avoid paying for it. Sybil accounts are highly active on Twitter performing advertising campaigns to serve their clients [5]. They aggressively try to reach a large audience to maximize their influence. These accounts have similar behavior if controlled by the same master. Most of their spam tweets include a shortened URL to trick users into clicking on
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29

Pusuluri, Sai Teja. "Exploring Neural Network Models with Hierarchical Memories and Their Use in Modeling Biological Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490116134938074.

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30

Watkin, Timothy L. H. "The theory of quenched disorder : spin glasses, neural networks and statistical inference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315731.

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31

Tan, Enhua. "Spam Analysis and Detection for User Generated Content in Online Social Networks." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365520334.

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32

Huthmacher, Lukas. "Investigation of efficient spin-photon interfaces for the realisation of quantum networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277150.

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Quantum networks lie at the heart of distributed quantum computing and secure quantum communication - research areas that have seen a strong increase of interest over the last decade. Their basic architecture consist of stationary nodes composed of quantum processors which are linked via photonic channels. The key requirement, and at the same time the most demanding challenge, is the efficient distribution of entanglement between distant nodes. The two ground states of single spins confined in self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots provide an effective two-level system for the implementation of qu
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33

Wang, De. "Analysis and detection of low quality information in social networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53991.

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Low quality information such as spam and rumors is a nuisance to people and hinders them from consuming information that is pertinent to them or that they are looking for. As social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Google+ have become important communication platforms in people's daily lives, malicious users make them as major targets to pollute with low quality information, which we also call as Denial of Information (DoI) attacks. How to analyze and detect low quality information in social networks for preventing DoI attacks is the major research problem I will address in this dissertatio
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34

Webb, Steve. "Automatic identification and removal of low quality online information." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26669.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Pu, Calton; Committee Member: Ahamad, Mustaque; Committee Member: Feamster, Nick; Committee Member: Liu, Ling; Committee Member: Wu, Shyhtsun Felix. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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35

Morris, Glenn Michael 1974. "Public service, private media: The political economy of the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10930.

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xi, 295 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>The Satellite-Cable Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN) is the only television outlet in the U.S. providing Congressional coverage. Scholars have studied the network's public affairs content and unedited "gavel-to-gavel" style of production that distinguish it from other television channels. However, the network's ownership structure and funding, which are also unique, have not been systematically analyzed. This study fills a gap in C-SPAN scholarship by p
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36

Pescher, Christian [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Spann. "Social Networks in New Product Forecasts and Marketing / Christian Pescher. Betreuer: Martin Spann." Passau : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Passau, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014884594/34.

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37

Jacobsson, Andreas. "Exploring Privacy Risks in Information Networks." Licentiate thesis, Ronneby : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2004. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/allfirst2/80533d43ac292724c125707f003aafbd?OpenDocument.

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38

Chan, Kam-Hung. "SPANC : optimizing scheduling delay for peer-to-peer live streaming /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202009%20CHANK.

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39

Nocera, E. R. "UNBIASED SPIN-DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232731.

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We present the first unbiased determination of spin-dependent, or polarized, parton distribution functions of the proton. A statistically sound representation of the corresponding uncertainties is achieved by means of the NNPDF methodology, formerly developed for unpolarized distributions and generalized to the polarized here for the first time. The features of the procedure, based on robust statistical tools - Monte Carlo sampling for error propagation, neural networks for PDF parametrization, genetic algorithm for their minimization and possibly reweighting for including new data
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40

Jaroš, Ján. "Detekce nevyžádaných zpráv v mobilní komunikaci a na sociálních sítích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236082.

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This thesis deals with spam in mobile and social networks. It focuses on spam in SMS messages and web service Twitter. Theoretical part provides brief overview of those two media, informations about what spam is, how to defend against it and where does it comes from. There is also a list of methods for spam detection, many of them have their roots in filtration of email communication. The rest of thesis is about design, implementation of application  for spam detection in SMS and Twitter messages and evaluation of its performance.
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41

Caverlee, James. "Tamper-Resilient Methods for Web-Based Open Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16286.

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The Web and Web-based open systems are characterized by their massive amount of data and services for leveraging this data. These systems are noted for their open and unregulated nature, self-supervision, and high degree of dynamism, which are key features in supporting a rich set of opportunities for information sharing, discovery, and commerce. But these open and self-managing features also carry risks and raise growing concerns over the security and privacy of these systems, including issues like spam, denial-of-service, and impersonated digital identities. Our focus in this thesis is on t
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42

Foxon, Tim. "Discrete models for quantum gravity in three dimensions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338071.

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43

Sun, Yingcheng. "Topic Modeling and Spam Detection for Short Text Segments in Web Forums." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575281495398615.

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44

Zhang, Ge. "Unwanted Traffic and Information Disclosure in VoIP Networks : Threats and Countermeasures." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13408.

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The success of the Internet has brought significant changes to the telecommunication industry. One of the remarkable outcomes of this evolution is Voice over IP (VoIP), which enables realtime voice communications over packet switched networks for a lower cost than traditional public switched telephone networks (PSTN). Nevertheless, security and privacy vulnerabilities pose a significant challenge to hindering VoIP from being widely deployed. The main object of this thesis is to define and elaborate unexplored security and privacy risks on standardized VoIP protocols and their implementations a
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45

Mundy, Andrew. "Real time Spaun on SpiNNaker : functional brain simulation on a massively-parallel computer architecture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/real-time-spaun-on-spinnaker--functional-brain-simulation-on-a-massivelyparallel-computer-architecture(fcf5388c-4893-4b10-a6b4-577ffee2d562).html.

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Model building is a fundamental scientific tool. Increasingly there is interest in building neurally-implemented models of cognitive processes with the intention of modelling brains. However, simulation of such models can be prohibitively expensive in both the time and energy required. For example, Spaun - "the world's first functional brain model", comprising 2.5 million neurons - required 2.5 hours of computation for every second of simulation on a large compute cluster. SpiNNaker is a massively parallel, low power architecture specifically designed for the simulation of large neural models
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46

Decelle, Aurélien. "Statistical physics of disordered networks - Spin Glasses on hierarchical lattices and community inference on random graphs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653375.

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Cette thèse aborde des aspects fondamentales et appliquées de la théorie des verres de spin etplus généralement des systèmes complexes. Les premiers modèles théoriques décrivant la transitionvitreuse sont apparues dans les années 1970. Ceux-ci décrivaient les verres à l'aide d'interactionsaléatoires. Il a fallu alors plusieurs années avant qu'une théorie de champs moyen pour ces systèmessoient comprises. De nos jours il existe un grand nombre de modèles tombant dans la classe de" champs moyen " et qui sont bien compris à la fois analytiquement, mais également numériquementgrâce à des outils te
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47

PINNA, SALVATORE. "The role of alternative food networks in agricultural landscape conservation: some evidences from Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/248720.

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Drawing on the vast literature about Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) and by utilizing the concepts of social, spatial and ecological embeddedness, this thesis studies the driving forces boosting the AFN farmers’ behaviours in the Community of Madrid and the AFN and conventional farmers in Sardinia, as well as the promotion of AFN practices within the rural parks of Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Spain) and Milan (Italy). The aim is to discover if, and to what extent, landscape and environmental protection goals are embedded in individual AFN and conventional practices, and how practices are promoted in s
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48

Riou, Mathieu. "Brain-inspired computing leveraging the transient non-linear dynamics of magnetic nano-oscillators." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS033/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est la réalisation expérimentale de calcul bio-inspiré en utilisant la dynamique transitoire d’oscillateurs magnétique nanométriques.Pour bien des tâches telle que la reconnaissance vocale, le cerveau fonctionne bien plus efficacement en terme d’énergie qu’un ordinateur classique. Le développement de puces neuro-inspirées offre donc la perspective de surmonter les limitations des processeurs actuels et de gagner plusieurs ordres de grandeurs sur la consommation énergétique du traitement de données. L’efficacité du cerveau à traiter des données est due à son architectu
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Del, Ferraro Gino. "Equilibrium and Dynamics on Complex Networkds." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Beräkningsvetenskap och beräkningsteknik (CST), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191991.

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Complex networks are an important class of models used to describe the behaviour of a very broad category of systems which appear in different fields of science ranging from physics, biology and statistics to computer science and other disciplines. This set of models includes spin systems on a graph, neural networks, decision networks, spreading disease, financial trade, social networks and all systems which can be represented as interacting agents on some sort of graph architecture. In this thesis, by using the theoretical framework of statistical mechanics, the equilibrium and the dynamical
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Lamikiz, Xabier. "Trust and trade/'Comerciar en confianza' : overseas networks of Basque and Castilian merchants in eighteenth-century Spain." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429413.

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