Dissertations / Theses: 'Span structures'

1

Santoso, Katherina 1980. "Wide-span cable structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29417.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70). In recent years, the application of cable structures in buildings has gained huge popularities. Although cable technology has been established since the 1950s, there is suddenly a surge in the number of its building application starting in the late 90s. This phenomenon is attributed to the recent advances in computational form finding, analysis and construction simulation, which make the design and construction of cable structures simpler and more economical. Although cable structures have been employed for different building applications, this thesis will concentrate only on the use of cable structures in wide span system. Five cable systems: simply suspended cables, pretensioned cable beams, pretensioned cable nets, tensioned straight cable nets and tensegric shells are studied for their mechanical properties and suitability for wide span uses. A case study is presented at the end of each system's description to illustrate its possible application. The paper will then conclude with a presentation of a general design methodology of a cable structure. by Katherina Santoso. M.Eng.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shultz, Nicholas A. (Nicholas Andrew). "Motion control of long span horizontal structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34586.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57). Traditional approaches to structural design presuppose strength to be the dominant design requirement. But following new technologies and design methods, this assumption that strength requirements dominate is being challenged. In the design of horizontal structures, such as floor systems and pedestrian bridges, increasing lengths of column-free span and demands for material efficiency have led to an overall reduction in the structural properties of mass, stiffness and damping. These three properties traditionally controlled motion-related serviceability issues, but this is no longer the case. Engineers are increasingly reporting vibration problems in horizontal structures. Hence, the dominant design criterion has shifted from a basis of strength to one of motion. This thesis attempts to investigate the code requirements and state of the art analysis techniques involved in the vibration control of horizontal structures. Design techniques involving passive control, active control and some alternative control methods are discussed and evaluated, both qualitatively and quantitatively, through a series of example problems. (cont.) Conventional engineering knowledge addresses vibration problems by increasing stiffness; however, this study indicates that these problems may be resolved much more efficiently by increasing damping, perhaps through the use of a tuned mass damper. Recommendations are made, suggesting that structural engineers should give serious consideration to the dominance of serviceability issues in design. As vibration problems continue to become more prevalent with ever-increasing span lengths, the time will come when non-traditional solutions, such as the use of tuned mass dampers to control vibrations, can no longer be ignored. by Nicholas A. Shultz. M.Eng.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Janols, Henrik. "Communicating long-span timber structures with 3D computer visualisation /." Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Janols, Henrik. "Communicating long-span timber structures with 3D computer visualization." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18673.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the reasons for the low amount of timber in construction is a general lack of knowledge about timber engineering and how timber can be used to its full advantage. In this thesis the focus is 3D computer visualisation (3D VIZ) of non-residential long-span timber structures, used for storage, industry and sports where 3D VIZ is defined as a process where a 3D-model is enhanced with environmental information e.g. texture maps and realistic light effects. An area of interest is the possibilities to increase timber construction through communicating the aesthetical properties of an exposed timber structure through using 3D VIZ. The aim of this exploratory study is to develop a foundation for future theory building through analysing the construction process and its use of communication media with respect to communication theory and media richness. The study further proposes how the communication process of long-span timber structures can be enhanced by using 3D VIZ and identifies connections between the construction process, participants and project classification. In this thesis two major research strategies have been utilised, a case study and a survey. The first research strategy includes a cross-industry learning research setting, using two case studies, applied and analysed regarding industrial design and architecture. The case studies suggest that a practice of concurrent engineering (CE) in construction and frequent use of 3D-computer visualisation by integrated product teams (IPT) can help to enhance the aesthetical value of the final building. The case studies also confirm that 3D VIZ is useful as a communication tool in the construction industry and demonstrate that using 3D VIZ during the planning process affects the image of the final result created by those involved. The second research strategy includes an Internet-based survey where the usefulness of 3D VIZ during the construction process is evaluated. The results show that structural complexity, intended viewer and current building phase influence the benefit of 3D VIZ. A number of parameters needed to communicate the aesthetics of timber efficiently, i.e. textures, surface structures, true dimensions and realistic light effects, have been pointed out. The analysis regarding communication theory and media richness indicate that the need for rich media, 3D VIZ with high realism and high level of detail (LOD), is generally higher for external communication compared to internal communication between professionals. The need for rich media is also high in the beginning of every new phase, while the need will decrease in the end of the phase. Godkänd; 2005; 20061221 (haneit)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Björnfot, Anders. "Modular long-span timber structures: a systematic framework for buildable construction /." Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2004/034.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Björnfot, Anders. "Modular long-span timber structures : a systematic framework for buildable construction." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26617.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the identified reasons for the low amount of timber construction in Sweden is a general lack of knowledge about timber engineering and how timber can be used to its full advantage. One way for increased timber construction is the development of a cost-efficient and easy to comprehend building system. Efficiency in construction has recently been under hot debate following the success of lean production in the manufacturing industry. Therefore, the attention of construction has been directed towards the manufacturing industry in an attempt to learn successful methods. Three main principles, modularity, lean construction, and buildability, emerge as potentially useful in order to streamline construction. The aim of this research project is to create a knowledge- based framework for long-span timber construction. This framework should be able to store knowledge and experience about timber construction as well as aid in the design and production of buildable timber structures. A buildable structure is here defined as a structure constructed in competition with all other materials and sub-system choices, i.e., by this definition a constructed structure is buildable and therefore competitive. The research is based on a case study of the design and production of long- span timber structures performed at a Swedish design company. The case study includes interviews, and a survey of 60 constructed long-span timber structures. A literature review of the industrialisation principles reveals that modularity has been a key concept in the evolution of the manufacturing industry. Therefore, the long-span timber construction industry should emit a bottom-up view where product modularity guides the construction processes. A systematic framework, Experience Feedback System (EFS), is created to store buildable construction knowledge based on modularity. The EFS is based on two distinct systems; Experience Based System (EBS), and Construction Knowledge Database (CKD), connected by a feedback loop for buildable construction feedback. The EBS utilises neural network theory containing competitive knowledge and experience of long-span timber structures, providing aid in early design. The CKS is based on the Design Structure Matrix (DSM), providing management of innovative construction and aid in detailed design. Due to the adaptability of neural networks and the developed 3-D DSM hierarchy representing the structural system, the systematic framework is potentially useful for the design and development of other types of structures and materials choices in the future. Godkänd; 2004; 20070128 (ysko)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Melin, Nicholas O'Brien. "Application of Bennett mechanisms to long-span shelters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c7938c7-7ee4-4c9c-9748-6a3a56a0d179.

Full text

Abstract:

Rapidly assembled tent structures are temporary enclosures used to house people or goods. Their uses vary to include recreation, refugee housing, and military shelters. The structural concepts applied in these shelters are as variable as their uses. Some make use of a tensioned fabric and pole system to provide structural strength. Others have a load-bearing frame with attached fabric skin. Further variants make use of inflatable arches or consist of modular containers. Analysis of a number of different types of rapidly assembled tent structures reveals an area where innovation can occur. Conflicts in the last ten years suggest that rapidly assembled shelters for both military purposes and humanitarian relief have the greatest need for innovative solutions. Existing shelters used by the military lack the versatility and speed of deployment necessary in modern conflict. The lack of scalability in the designs makes it difficult to use an existing tent in different situations. They are slow to construct, heavy, and difficult to transport in large numbers. These problems suggest that there is a need for new shelters that better meet the needs of the military. The application of deployable structures technology meets military's needs for structures with the advantages of a small compacted volume, rapid assembly, and ease of deployment. This makes them ideal for application to shelter structures. The aim of this dissertation was to develop a new type of deployable, long-span shelter frame based upon tiled Bennett mechanisms. An overlapping combination of equilateral Bennett mechanisms yields a structure that opens into a half-cylinder shape, providing an enclosed space useful and applicable to the problem of deployable shelters. The specific application considered in the design portion of this process will be a long-span deployable shelter capable of housing military helicopters. This report details the development of the Bennett Shelter concept. Its deployed and compacted geometries are explored, and a procedure for determining structural properties and dimensions is presented. The full concept for the structure, from outer covering to foundation support is then detailed. Loads affecting the structure are determined, and the process of modelling and analysing the structure is then considered. Optimisation of the structure with respect to weight and serviceability requirements is conducted using a number of different materials, and full analysis of the optimal geometries is completed. As no method exists for evaluating the effect of imperfections on the deployment of overconstrained mechanisms, a procedure is derived. The effects of manufacturing imperfections on deployment of the Bennett mechanism are then explored using the method. A full examination of the variation of energy within the Bennett Shelter during deployment provides valuable insight into the performance of the structure. With the above analysis complete, it is shown that the Bennett Shelter is viable as a long-span deployable shelter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Handke, John Michael. "Developing short-span alternatives to reinforced concrete box culvert structures in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16195.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science Department of Civil Engineering Robert J. Peterman Concrete box culvert floor slabs are known to have detrimental effects on river and stream hydraulics. Consequences include an aquatic environment less friendly to the passage of fish and other organisms. This has prompted environmental regulations restricting construction of traditional, four-sided box culvert structures in rivers and streams populated by protected species. The box culvert standard currently used by the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) is likely to receive increased scrutiny from federal and state environmental regulators in the near future. Additionally, multiple-cell box culverts present a maintenance challenge, since passing driftwood and debris are frequently caught in the barrels and around cell walls. As more structures reach the end of their design lives, new solutions must be developed to facilitate a more suitable replacement. Since construction can cause significant delays to the traveling public, systems and techniques which accelerate the construction process should also be considered. This thesis documents development of a single-span replacement system for box culverts in the state of Kansas. Solutions were found using either a flab slab or the center span of the KDOT three-span, haunched-slab bridge standard. In both cases, the concrete superstructure is connected monolithically with a set of abutment walls, which sit on piling. The system provides an undisturbed, natural channel bottom, satisfying environmental regulations. Important structural, construction, maintenance, and economic criteria considered during the planning stages of bridge design are discussed. While both superstructural systems were found to perform acceptably, the haunched section was chosen for preliminary design. Rationale for selection of this system is explained. Structural modeling, analysis, and design data are presented to demonstrate viability of the system for spans ranging from 32 to 72 feet. The new system is expected to meet KDOT’s needs for structural, environmental, and hydraulic performance, as well as long-term durability. Another option involving accelerated bridge construction (ABC) practices is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ertastan, Evren. "The Performance Of Medium And Long Span Timber Roof Structures: A Comparative Study Between Structural Timber And Steel." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606810/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT THE PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM AND LONG SPAN TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND STEEL ERTASTAN, Evren M.S, in Building Science, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erc&uuml ment ERMAN December 2005, 174 pages This thesis analyzes the performance of structural timber and steel in medium and long span roof structures. A technical background about roof structures including structural elements and roof structure types, span definitions, and classification of roof structures are discussed. Roof structures are detailed with traditional and the contemporary forms. The thesis comprises the comparison between structural timber and steel by using structural, constructional and material properties. Structural forms and the performance of timber and steel are discussed. The research also includes the roof structures built with structural timber in Turkey, application, marketing and examples in Turkey are indicated. In the conclusion part the performance criteria of timber and steel are summarized, the researcher has prepared a table to compare the performance of timber and steel. Keywords: Timber, Steel, Roof, Structure, Span

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Schumacher, Ludwig J. "Emergency management span of control optimizing organizational structures to better prepare Vermont for the next major or catastrophic disaster /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FSchumacher.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008. Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 2, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-131). Also available in print.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Heath, Joshua. "Economical design considerations for one-way 300 foot span, steel, parallel top & bottom chord warren trusses." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15058.

Full text

Abstract:

Master of Science Department of Architectural Engineering Kimberly W. Kramer Trusses are an efficient way to span long distances with minimal material required. This report is a parametric study of the different design and construction aspects for a 300’-0” span, steel, Warren type truss. The study specifically examines the vertical loading on the truss, including components and cladding wind loading. The engineering variables investigated are panel point location, steel shape size and type, steel grade, member orientation, and connection design. Each of these aspects are studied independently with major results accounted for later in analysis. This allows for the most economical truss by reviewing each alternative possibly not commonly used in steel construction. However, trusses require special consideration in constructability compared to a common steel structure such as an office building. Because of this added complexity, constructability issues are also examined after all parametric studies are completed for engineering variables. Transportation regulations and restrictions, steel erecting (including the construction loading of the ASCE 37-02), and temporary structures are considered for the 300’-0” span steel truss. The results of the engineering design variables are documented showing the benefit of using W-Shape members with higher grades of steel in select members, and the rotation of members for truss stability and simplified connection detailing. Each of the multiple construction considerations are presented, providing the most recent information available at the time of this report.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sarac, Yavuz. "Optimum Design Of Pin-jointed 3-d Dome Structures Using Global Optimization Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606793/index.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Difficult gradient calculations, converging to a local optimum without exploring the design space adequately, too much dependency on the starting solution, lacking capabilities to treat discrete and mixed design variables are the main drawbacks of conventional optimization techniques. So evolutionary optimization methods received significant interest amongst researchers in the optimization area. Genetic algorithms (GAs) and simulated annealing (SA) are the main representatives of evolutionary optimization methods. These techniques emerged as powerful and modern strategies to efficiently deal with the difficulties encountered in conventional techniques, and therefore rightly attracted a substantial interest and popularity. The underlying concepts of these techniques and thus their algorithmic models have been devised by establishing between the optimization task and events occurring in nature. While, Darwin&amp #8217 s survival of the fittest theory is mimicked by GAs, annealing process of physical systems are employed to SA. On the other hand, dome structures are among the most preferred types of structures for large unobstructed areas. Domes have been of a special interest in the sense that they enclose a maximum amount of space with a minimum surface. This feature provides economy in terms of consumption of constructional materials. So merging these two concepts make it possible to obtain optimum designs of dome structures. This thesis is concerned with the use of GAs and SA in optimum structural design of dome structures, which range from some relatively simple problems to the problems of increased complexity. In this thesis, firstly both techniques are investigated in terms of their practicality and applicability to the problems of interest. Then numerous test problems taken from real life conditions are studied for comparing the success of the proposed GA and SA techniques with other discrete and continuous optimization methods. The results are discussed in detail to reach certain recommendations contributing to a more efficient use of the techniques in optimum structural design of pin-jointed 3-D dome structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hedlund, Per, and Anton Jakobsson. "En parametrisk undersökning om hur spännvidd och val av stomsystem påverkar materialkostnaderna för stallbyggnader." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21953.

Full text

Abstract:

Utvecklingen för Sveriges jordbruk går mot färre och större gårdar runt om i landet. Jordbrukarnas växande verksamhet resulterar i ett ökat antal djur i boskapen. Detta ger ett större behov av stallbyggnader med öppna ytor och långa spännvidder. Länsstyrelsen har uppmärksammat stora variationer i de totala byggkostnaderna för stallbyggnader i landet. Tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg utvecklades en idé att undersöka hur materialkostnaderna påverkas av olika spännvidder och olika stomsystem. Målsättningen är att undersökningen ska resultera i ett beslutsunderlag för ny-, till- och ombyggnation av stallbyggnader. Tidigare forskning och teori undersöktes samt ett flertal platsbesök gjordes för att öka kunskaperna inom området och fastställa vilka spännvidder och stomsystem som skulle undersökas. En parametrisk studie på fyra olika typfall av stallbyggnader gjordes. Två typfall i undersökningen konstruerades av trä och två av stål. Den parametriska studien ska redovisa samband mellan stallbyggnaders spännvidd och kostnad samt vilket stomsystem som är mest ekonomiskt fördelaktigt. Kostnaderna i undersökningen innefattar enbart materialkostnader. Resultatet visar att kostnaderna ökar linjärt med den ökande spännvidden. De undersökta typfallens materialkostnader är relativt likvärdiga, men treledsramen i stål har den lägsta materialkostnaden för samtliga undersökta spännvidder. The Swedish agriculture is developing towards fewer and larger farms. The growing business for the farmers results in an increased number of animals in livestock. This provides a greater need for agricultural buildings with open spaces and long spans. Länsstyrelsen has noted large variations in total construction costs for agricultural buildings in the country. Along with Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg developed an idea to explore how material costs are affected by various spans and different frame systems. The objective is that the study will result in a decision-making basis for new construction and reconstruction of agricultural buildings. Previous research and theories were examined and a number of site visits were made to increase knowledge in the field and determine which spans and frame system to be investigated. Parametric studies of four different scenarios of the agricultural buildings were made. Two cases in the study were constructed of glulam and two of steel. The parametric study is to report relationship between agricultural building spans and costs as well as which building system that is most economically advantageous. The cost of the survey includes only material costs. The result shows that the cost increases linearly with the increasing span. The material costs of the four tested scenarios are relatively equal, but the tapered steel frame has the lowest material cost for all tested spans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Vedernikov, Ivan. "Seismic analysis of the roofing structural system of Adana stadium in Adana, Turkey." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

Find full text

Abstract:

The scope of the current thesis is the investigation of the seismic behavior of complex structures of soccer stadium in the city of Adana, Turkey. The main structural parts of the building of the stadium are reinforced concrete tribunes, steel façade and cable-stayed roof, resting on the structures of the façade. The behavior of the coupled model in case of seismic excitation is studied. The coupled model is defined as a structural model that contains together all main structural parts: the tribunes, the façade and the roof. In the engineering practice, a large-span roof and supporting substructures (façade, tribunes) are differentiated and analyzed separately. In case when the seismic analysis has to be done, the separated analysis has to be performed with caution and possible amplification effect of the seismic action for the structural model with all main structural blocks introduced has to be taken into account. The amplification effect is defined as the increase of the displacements, total base shear and internal forces in the structural elements. To investigate the extent of the amplification effect, the results obtained from the analysis of coupled and uncoupled models were compared. The results obtained from the modal spectral response analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis of different structural models show a significant amplification of the displacements of the roof structure and façade bearing columns for a coupled model, with the subsequent increase of the total base shear transferred to the substructures form the roof and internal forces in the elements. Methods of improving the structural behavior for the seismic excitation have been investigated. In particular, the effect of installation of seismic isolators for the roof structures has been studied. For the structural models with the isolated roof, the results of the analysis of both coupled and uncoupled models have been improved and all design requirements have been verified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

El, Khoury Omar Mr. "Optimal Performance-Based Control of Structures against Earthquakes Considering Excitation Stochasticity and System Nonlinearity." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492691287286787.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Costales, Calvo Ignacio. "El Pretensado en las estructuras de acero." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96778.

Full text

Abstract:

En 1879 nace Eugène Freyssinet, padre reconocido del hormigón pretensado. Cuarenta años antes de su nacimiento, ingenieros americanos ya habían empezado a pretensar perfiles de hierro fundido, para evitar que cuando éstos entrasen en tracción, se quebraran. Ciento setenta años después el hormigón armado pretensado se estudia en centenares de artículos, revistas especializadas y tesis doctorales diversas, mientras que el acero pretensado no ha tenido el mismo desarrollo desde unos cincuenta años atrás. Raras son las ocasiones dónde se llega a justificar que pretensar una estructura metálica es necesario y razonable económicamente. Si nos centramos en estructuras de edificación, aún serán menos estas ocasiones. La presente tesis estudia la historia de las estructuras metálicas pretensadas, la mayoría de edificación, algunas de ellas a fondo, como las recientemente construidas en Catalunya. También se repasan las posibilidades que el pretensado metálico ofrece al consultor de estructuras, completándolo con algunos ejemplos. Se ofrece un análisis pormenorizado de la viga Fink, con especial cuidado en su predimensionado y en el cálculo tanto manual, como matricial. Se incluye un análisis de refuerzo de techos formados por viguetas reforzadas trasnversalmente por una viga que cambia su rigidez según criterio del proyectista. Al final se desarrolla una solución de unión de viga y pilar metálico unidos mediante tendones pretensados, para facilitar el montaje en obra, resolviendo las holguras gracias a la unión mediante nudos semirrígidos. Eugène Freyssinet, born in 1879, is the acknowledged father of prestressed concrete. Forty years before his birth, American Engineers had begun to prestress cast iron profiles to prevent them from breaking after entering in tension. One hundred and seventy years after prestressed concrete is studied in hundreds of articles, journals and diverse dissertations, while prestressing of steel has not had the same development since about fifty years ago. Rare are the occasions where the technician is able to justify that prestressing steel structures is necessary and economically reasonable. If we are considering building structures, these occasions to presstress the structure will be even less. This thesis studies the history of prestressed steel structures, some of them in depth, as some of thoses recently built in Catalonia. It also reviews the possibilities that metallic prestressed structures offer to the consultant, including some examples. It provides a detailed analysis of the Fink truss beam, with special care in their pre-dimensioning and calculation both manually as matrix. It includes an analysis of strengthening reinforced slabs, with a beam that changes its stiffness at the discretion of the designer. Eventually it develops a joint solution of a beam and a steel column, connected by prestressed tendons, to make assembly easier, meeting the gaps with the connection by means of semi-rigid joints.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Samad, Abdus. "Structural and magnetic properties of spin valve structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624580.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Santos, Luciano Barbosa dos. "Contribuições ao estudo das cúpulas metálicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-07112006-112533/.

Full text

Abstract:

Este trabalho aborda, de uma forma geral, os sistemas estruturais normalmente adotados no projeto de cúpulas metálicas. Foi dado ênfase a um arranjo derivado do sistema Schwedler, recentemente utilizado em projetos desenvolvidos no interior do estado de São Paulo. O trabalho pode ser divido em duas partes, a primeira delas versando sobre as ligações que compunham o sistema estrutural estudado, e a segunda versando sobre a influência dessas ligações no comportamento da estrutura e sobre a influência da forma de contraventamento. As ligações foram estudadas sob dois aspectos diferentes, que foram: a) revisão e aperfeiçoamento dos critérios de dimensionamento adotados em algumas ligações, e b) proposição de modelos para descrição do comportamento momento-rotação de ligações com dupla tala de alma parafusada e de aparelhos de apoio. A influência do tipo de contraventamento e da rigidez das ligações foi investigada por meio do efeito exercido nos deslocamentos verticais e na distribuição de esforços internos da estrutura. Para tanto, foram utilizados programas computacionais de uso já consagrado, cujos resultados foram comparados entre si. In a general way, this work deals with structural systems usually adopted in the project of metallic domes. Emphasis was given to a derived arrangement derived of the Schwedler system, recently used in projects developed the state of São Paulo. The work can be divided in two parts, the first one is about the connections that compose the structural system studied, and second one treats the influence of those connections in the structure behavior and the influence in the brace configuration. The connections were studied under two different aspects, that were: a) revision and improvement of the design criteria adopted in some connections, and b) proposition of models for the momentrotation description for double plate connections of web. The influence of the brace type and of the rigidity of the connections were investigated by means of the effect in the vertical displacements and in the distribution of internal efforts of the structure. So, two commercial softwares were used, and the results were compared.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kreis, Eri Sato. "ANA-PSp: um sistema computacional para análise aeroelástica de pontes suspensas por modelos matemáticos reduzidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-31032008-151227/.

Full text

Abstract:

As características arquitetônicas e o desempenho estrutural de pontes suspensas, estaiadas ou pênseis, têm determinado a sua crescente utilização em obras de arte destinadas a vencer grandes vãos. Essa utilização crescente que ocorreu no mundo nas últimas décadas se repete agora nos últimos anos no país. Várias dessas obras estão em execução e em projeto. Um dos aspectos relevantes na análise estrutural das pontes suspensas é o de seu comportamento quando submetidas à ação do vento. Apresenta-se o sistema computacional ANA-PSp desenvolvido especialmente para o estudo do movimento de tabuleiros de pontes suspensas sujeitas a esforços aeroelásticos e aerodinâmicos. Esse sistema computacional formado por um conjunto de subsistemas, é elaborado para a análise aeroelástica de pontes suspensas sob a ação de vento e permite análises paramétricas extensas dos fenômenos de drapejamento (flutter) e de martelamento (buffeting). A discretização da estrutura é efetuada pelo método dos elementos finitos e a redução dos graus de liberdade é realizada por superposição modal com modos selecionados que melhor descrevem os movimentos do tabuleiro. Utiliza-se modelo matemático reduzido para a análise multimodal no domínio do tempo e da freqüência. A velocidade crítica ou velocidade de drapejamento é determinada por procedimento de autovalores complexos com a obtenção de freqüências e taxas de amortecimentos modais para várias velocidades do vento. Adicionalmente, o fenômeno do drapejamento é estudado por séries temporais de respostas de coordenadas generalizadas e de deslocamentos selecionados e por análise espectral dessas séries temporais, que permitem a verificação das características de vibração do tabuleiro da ponte no domínio da freqüência. O estudo do fenômeno de martelamento considera esforços aeroelásticos determinísticos e esforços aerodinâmicos estocásticos e apresentam-se resultados em espectros de potência de deslocamentos e em desvios padrão de deslocamentos ao longo do tabuleiro. Para validar o sistema ANA-PSp, apresentam-se estudos de caso para a ponte estaiada da Normandia, para a ponte pênsil colapsada de Tacoma Narrows e para a ponte estaiada projetada, mas não executada, sobre o Rio Tietê e localizada na extremidade do complexo viário Jacu-Pêssego. The architectonic characteristics and the structural performance of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges have determined their growing use on large span bridges. This growing usage, which has occurred world-wide during the last decades, is now being repeated in Brazil during the last few years. Several such bridges are presently either undergoing construction or being designed. One of the outstanding aspects in the structural analysis of suspension bridges is their behavior under wind action. This paper presents the computer system ANA-PSp, specially developed for studying the movement of suspended bridge decks under aeroelastic and aerodynamic forces. This computer system is formed by a group of subsystems and is created for aeroelastic analysis of suspended bridges under wind action. It allows extended parametric analyses of the flutter and the buffeting phenomena. Structural discretization is done by the finite element method and the reduction of degrees of freedom is obtained by modal superposition of the selected modes which best describe the deck movements. A reduced mathematical model is used for the multimodal analysis in the time and frequency domains. Critical velocity or flutter velocity is determined by a procedure of complex eigenvalues which obtains frequencies and damping ratios for different wind speeds. Additionally, the flutter phenomenon is studied by temporal series of answers to generalized coordinate responses and of selected displacements by spectral analysis of such temporal series, which allow us to verify the characteristics of the vibrations of the bridge deck in the frequency domain. The study of the buffeting phenomenon considers deterministic aeroelastic and stochastic aerodynamic forces. The paper presents results in displacement power spectra and in the standard deviation of displacements along the deck. In order to validate system ANA-PSp, case studies are presented for the cable-stayed Ponte de Normandie in Le Havre (France), for the collapsed suspension bridge on Tacoma Narrows and for the cable-stayed bridge, already designed but not built, on Tietê River, located at one end of the highway complex Jacu-Pêssego (São Paulo, SP, Brazil).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Podchezertsev, Stanislav. "Magnetoelectric coupling in cobalt-based tellurium (VI) oxides with complex spin structures." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC228.

Full text

Abstract:

La thèse actuelle est consacrée à une étude complexe de diffusion de neutrons sur des séries de spinelles de tellure à base de cobalt (VI) dopées au zinc. Il a été constaté que le composé parent peut être obtenu sous deux formes structurelles: centrosymétrique désordonnée (groupe d'espace # 227) et non-centrosymétrique ordonnée (groupe d'espace # 212). Alors que le polymorphe désordonné soit un ferrimagnet typique de type Néel avec une transition magnétique à 40 K, le polymorphe ordonné possède deux transitions de phase magnétiques incommensurables à 45 K et 27 K. Grâce à l'approche de symétrie super-spatiale, il a été découvert que la structure de spin d'un polymorphe ordonné est une spirale ferrimagnétique. La frustration magnétique et l'interaction Dzyaloshinskii-Morya stabilisent cet ordre magnétique. Le système montre la stabilité de la structure magnétique contre la dilution magnétique, qui occupe de préférence l'environnement tétraédrique: ce n'est que lorsque la moitié des sites A est remplacée par du zinc que l'ordre magnétique à longue distance est supprimé. Ce qui est remarquable, ce sont les deux polymorphes qui démontrent une diffusion diffuse magnétique bien au-dessus des températures de transition à longue distance. L'analyse de polarisation Neutron XYZ a révélé: quand le polymorphe est ordonné, l'ordre à courte portée a la même nature en spirale ferrimagnétique que l'état ordonné. L'ordre à courte portée du polymorphe ordonné fortement dilué est similaire au composé parent. La spectroscopie diélectrique du composé désordonné et ordonné a révélé un comportement magnétoélectrique en chaque cas The current thesis is dedicated to a complex neutron scattering study of magnetic behaviour cobalt-based tellurium (VI) spinel series doped with zinc. It was found that the parent compound may be obtained in two structural forms: disordered centrosymmetric (space group #227) and ordered non-centrosymmetric (space group #212). While the disordered polymorph is a typical Néel-type ferrimagnet with a magnetic transition at 40 K, the ordered polymorph possesses two incommensurate magnetic phase transitions at 45 K and 27 K. With a help of the superspace symmetry approach the spin structure of the ordered polymorph was found to be ferrimagnetic spiral. Both magnetic frustration and Dzyaloshinskii-Morya interaction stabilize such a magnetic ordering. The system shows stability of the magnetic structure against magnetic dilution, which occupies tetrahedral environment preferably: only when the half of A-sites is substituted with zinc the long range magnetic ordering is suppressed. Remarkably, both polymorphs demonstrate magnetic diffuse scattering far above long-range transition temperatures. Neutron XYZ polarization analysis revealed that in the case of the ordered polymorph the short-range ordering has the same ferrimagnetic spiral nature as the ordered state. Short-range ordering of the highly diluted ordered polymorph is similar to the parent compound. Dielectric spectroscopy of the disordered and ordered compound revealed magnetoelectric behaviour in each case

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Garzon, Samir Y. "Spin injection and detection in copper spin valve structures." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2192.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005. Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Werner, Åström Petter. "Experimental study on innovative connections for large span structural timber trusses." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsmaterial, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256507.

Full text

Abstract:

Large span timber trusses are usually built with glulam. One problem with large span glulam trusses is that the connections needed to transfer the load between truss members are often complex and expensive. Another issue is transportation. Building large span trusses out of structural timber instead, could be a way of simplifying the connections and at the same time increase the degree of on-site construction and thereby solving the transportation problem.In this study, a total of 18 laboratory tests were performed with the purpose of investigating the tensile strength and the load slip behavior of different connection designs for large span structural timber trusses. Six different test groups corresponding to six different connection designs were tested. The materials used include members made of C24 timber and gusset plates made of birch plywood, aluminum, and steel. Screws were used as fasteners for five test groups and adhesive was used for one group. The influence of different reinforcement techniques including reinforcement screws and added aluminum sheets was studied.The results showed a ductile failure behavior for all test groups except for the group where adhesive was used. However, a decrease of ductility was observed for groups were aluminum sheets were used on the outsides of the mid placed plywood gusset plate. A 12-17 % increase in capacity was observed due to the presence of aluminum sheets. The reinforcement screws had no significant effect on the capacity. However, the presence of reinforcement screws did lead to a reduction in scatter both regarding capacity and stiffness.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Fernández, Pérez Ignasi. "Experimental and numerical study of the structural effects of steel corrosion in continuous RC beams." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/308506.

Full text

Abstract:

Many reinforced concrete structures suffer damage due to aging and due to the environmental agressivity, thus affecting their serviceability performance and safety. Structural evaluation of a deteriorated structure is necessary to assess the actual structure state, to determine whether the structure should be strengthened or demolished and to optimize the interventions required to guarantee its serviceability and safety. In the case of statically indeterminate structures, as many of the existing bridges and buildings, the damage produced by local or general deterioration processes may affect the whole structure state of forces, stresses and cracks. However, even though the difficulties to adequately assess such type of structures very scarce resarch works have been done, up to now, in this field. The present research aims to contribute to those goals presenting an extensive experimental campaign, at the material and at the structural levels. Furthermore, theoretical and numerical studies based on mechanical non-linear models were performed in order to reproduce the observed experimental behaviour and to contribute to the modelling of the performance of deteriorated structures. The global effects of the structural damage were addressed by means of an experimental study, which encompassed twelve continuous two span large-scale beams. The cast beams divided in four groups of three beams each were submitted to different corrosion levels; one group was left uncorroded. Each beam was loaded with different sustained loads to assess its effect when corrosion phenomena took place. Thereafter, the beams were unloaded and loaded again up to failure. On the other hand, the local effects of steel corrosion were analysed by means of two different experimental studies. The first study encompassed more than 192 corroded steel bars. The specimens were cleaned, and after, characterized under cyclic and monotonic loads. The second study encompassed 48 cubic concrete specimens with embedded steel reinforcement bars. Different concrete types were used, including recycled aggregate concretes. The steel was submitted to accelerated corrosion and thereafter the effect of corrosion on the bond behaviour was assessed. Finally, modelling of the mechanical properties of corroded steel bars and bond in concrete was done. A model to evaluate the corroded steel reinforcement mechanical properties, s-e and fatigue life, was developed. In addition, the 3D scan novel technique was used to characterise the outer surface of corroded steel bars, by which the study of the corrosion pitting distribution and the critical cross-section was possible. Corrosion of steel reinforcement produced a substantial increment of the deflections as well as the stresses at the steel, both in the corroded and the uncorroded regions, due to the redistributions that took place in the continuous beams as a consequence of the loss of steel section. Furthermore, the redundancy of the structure provided them an extra load capacity with respect to a statically determinate beam. On the other hand, the ultimate load capacity was severely reduced. A non-linear reduction of the corroded steel mechanical properties was found. Yielding and ultimate stresses described a good correlation with respect to the corrosion level. However, the results for modulus and ultimate strain presented more dispersion. Bond capacity of recycled concrete aggregates was showed to be similar to natural aggregate concretes. Nevertheless, in corroded specimens, recycled aggregate concretes showed better performance describing lower ultimate bond reduction with respect to those of conventional concrete. The presented mechanical model defined with an excellent reliability yielding and ultimate stresses for corroded bars up to 60% of corrosion levels. The statistical model presented for the pitting depth allowed to define the upper and lower bounds of the pitting depth regarding to corrosion level. Muchas estructuras de hormigón armado sufren daños debido a los cambios medioambientales, los cuales afectan la serviciabilidad y la seguridad de éstas. La evaluación estructural del deterioro es necesaria para identificar el estado actual de una estructura, determinar si es necesario reforzar o demoler i optimizar el tipo de intervención requerida, garantizando su serviciabilidad y seguridad. En el caso de estructuras hiperestáticas, comunmente empleadas, el daño producido por los procesos de deterioro local o generalizado puede afectar las fuerzas de la estructura, las tensiones y las fisuras. Sin embargo, debido a las dificultades para evaluar adecuadamente este tipo de elementos se ha llevado a cabo escasa investigación al respecto en este campo. La presente investigación pretende contribuir a estos objetivos mediante la presentación de una extensa campaña experimental, a nivel material y estructural. Además, se llevaron a cabo estudios teóricos y numéricos mediante modelos mecánicos no lineales para poder reproducir el comportamiento experimental observado y así contribuir en el modelado del comportamiento de estructuras deterioradas. Los efectos globales del daño estructural fueron evaluados mediante una campaña experimental, la cual engloba doce vigas continuas de dos vanos a gran escala. Las vigas se dividieron en cuatro grupos de tres elementos cada uno, sometidos a diferentes grados de corrosión, excepto uno de los cuales se dejó sin corroer para comparar. Cada viga fue cargada con un nivel de carga diferente para evaluar también los efectos de la misma durante la corrosión. Posteriormente, las vigas fueron descargadas y cargadas de nuevo hasta rotura. Por otro lado, los efectos locales de la corrosión de armaduras fueron también analizados mediante dos campañas experimentales adicionales. La primera incluye más de 192 especímenes de barras corroídas. Las barras fueron limpiadas y caracterizadas bajo cargas cíclicas o monotónicas. El segundo estudio abarca 48 elementos cúbicos de hormigón con barras de acero embebidas y sometidas a diferentes grados de corrosión. Además se han utilizado diferentes tipos de hormigón, como hormigón con áridos reciclados (HAR). Una vez alcanzados los niveles de corrosión deseados se ha determinado el efecto de la corrosión sobre la tensión de adherencia acero-hormigón. Finalmente, se mejoró un modelo para determinar las propiedades mecánicas del acero corroído, obteniendo las curvas s-e y de fatiga para un amplio rango de grados de corrosión. Además, mediante la aplicación de una novedosa técnica como el "3D scan" se obtubo con gran nivel de detalle la superficie de diferentes barras corroídas, mediante el análisis de los datos fue posible estudiar la forma de las picadura, su distribución y la definición de la sección crítica. La corrosión de las armaduras produjo un incremento notable en las deformaciones observadas en la estructura. Así mismo las tensiones en el acero se vieron afectadas, produciéndose importantes redistribuciones entres las zonas corroídas y no corroídas de la estructura. Gracias a la redundancia de las vigas se observó un incremento de capacidad de las mismas respecto a vigas isostáticas. Por otro lado, la carga última se vio reducida de manera importante. Las propiedades mecánicas del acero describieron una reducción no lineal respecto al grado de corrosión. Tanto el límite elástico como la tensión última describieron una buena correlación con el nivel de corrosión. Sin embargo, los valores obtenidos para la deformación última así como el módulo elástico presentaron mucha dispersión. La capacidad adherente de los HAR fue similar a la del hormigón convencional. No obstante, los HAR con corrosión, presentaron un mejor comportamiento en cuanto a adherencia máxima. El modelo mecánico presentado ajustó perfectamente la tensión de plastificación y la tensión última de barras corroídas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Chen, Kai, and Kai Chen. "Spin Transport in Magnetic Nano-Structures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626524.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance in 1980s, Spintronics became an exciting field which studies numerous phenomena including the spin transport in magnetic heterostructures, magnetization dynamics and the interplay between them. I have investigated different topics during my graduate research. In this dissertation, I summarize all my projects including spin pumping, spin convertance and spin injection into ballistic medium. First, we develop a linear response formalism for spin pumping effect. Spin pumping refers that a precessing emits a spin current into its adjacent nonmagnetic surroundings, which was originally proposed using scattering theory. The newly developed formalism is demonstrated to be identical the early theory in limiting case. While our formalism is convenient to include the effects of disorders and spin-orbit coupling which can resolve the quantitative controversies between early theory and experiments. Second, the spin pumping experiments indicates a much smaller spin Hall angle compared with the results obtained via the spin transfer torque measurements. We found that such issues can be resolved when taking into consideration the effects of non-local conductivity. And we conclude neither of the two methods measures the real spin Hall angle while the spin pumping methods provides much accurate estimations. Third, we developed the spin transport equations in weak scattering medium in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Before this, all spin dependent electron transport has been modeled by the conventional spin diffusion equation. While recent spin injection experiments have seen the failure of spin diffusion equation. As the experimental fitting using spin diffusion models led to unrealistic conclusions. At last, we study the spin convertance in anti-ferromagnetic multilayers, where the spin information can be mutually transferred between ferromagnetic/anti-ferromagnetic and conduction electrons. Our theory successfully explained the experiment results that the insertion of thin NiO film between YIG/Pt largely enhances the spin Seebeck currents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Blundell, Stephen John. "Spin-dependent transport in artificial structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309331.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Salles, Benjamin. "Propriétés magnétiques, électriques et structurales et transport polarisé en spin dans des structures hybrides MnAs-GaAs." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00570216.

Full text

Abstract:

Le couplage d'un métal ferromagnétique (MF) et d'un semiconducteur (SC) permettrait d'intégrer un nouveau degré de liberté - le spin - aux propriétés logiques et optiques des semiconducteurs. Cependant, l'élaboration de jonctions tunnel magnétiques (JTM) couplant ces deux types de matériaux (barrières MF/SC/MF) présente des difficultés majeures. En effet, à la température de croissance optimale de la barrière semiconductrice (∼580 ◦C), le métal de l'électrode inférieure diffuse à travers l'interface pour s'incorporer à la barrière et ainsi réduire les effets de magnétorésistance. Pour éviter l'interdiffusion, la barrière doit être élaborée à basse température. Ce procédé implique l'incorporation d'antisites d'As dans la barrière SC qui réduit, encore une fois, les effets magnétorésistifs. Le couple MnAs/GaAs est considéré comme un bon candidat pour la réalisation de jonction hybride MF/SC /MF à cause de la faible réactivité et de la forte polarisation à l'interface. Afin de faire croître des JTM de bonne qualité chimique et cristalline, nous avons étudié des jonctions tunnel originales où l'électrode inférieure est une couche de clusters de MnAs dans une matrice de GaAs (GaAs:MnAs). Cet électrode est couvert par une barrière de SC III-V et par une électrode supérieure composée par une couche continue de MnAs. Le protocole de croissance de l'électrode inférieure (recuit in situ d'une couche de GaMnAs à T>500řC) permet simultanément de recuire la barrière semiconductrice et d'augmenter considérablement la qualité structurale et chimique de la barrière. Ce travail a été réalisé en trois parties. Dans un premier temps, les conditions d'élaboration de couches de GaAs:MnAs/GaAs(001) et de MnAs/GaAs(001) ont été optimisées. Ensuite, nous avons mené des études originales de microscopie à gradient de force magnétique et de spectroscopie de photoémission (in situ et au synchrotron). Ces mesures ont permis de faire ressortir des informations pertinentes pour l'intégration de ces couches en tant qu'électrode magnétique pour l'électronique de spin. Enfin, une étude du transport tunnel polarisé en spin a été conduite sur des jonctions tunnel MnAs/SC III-V/GaAs:MnAs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Rache, Salles Benjamin. "Propriétés magnétiques, électriques et structurales et transport polarisé en spin dans des structures hybrides MnAs-GaAs." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066328.

Full text

Abstract:

Le couplage d'un métal ferromagnétique (MF) à un semiconducteur (SC) permettrait d'intégrer le nouveau degré de liberté que constitue le spin aux propriétés logiques et optiques des semiconducteurs. L'élaboration de jonctions tunnel magnétiques couplant ces deux types de matériaux présente des difficultés intrinsèques à leurs conditions de croissance. En effet, à la température de croissance optimale de la barrière semiconductrice (~580°C), une forte interdiffusion à l'interface MF/SC réduit les effets de magnétorésistance. De ce fait, la barrière doit être élaborée à basse température, résultant dans l'incorporation d'antisites d'As dans la barrière SC. Le couple MnAs/GaAs est un bon candidat pour la réalisation de jonctions MF/SC grâce à la faible réactivité et à la forte polarisation à l'interface. Nous avons étudié des JTM MnAs/SC III-V/clusters de MnAs dans une matrice de GaAs (GaAs:MnAs), lesquelles le protocole de croissance de l'électrode inférieure (recuit in situ d'une couche de GaMnAs à T>500°C) permet d'augmenter considérablement la qualité structurale et chimique de la barrière. Ce travail a été réalisé en trois parties. Tout d'abord, les conditions d'élaboration des couches de GaAs:MnAs/GaAs(001) et de MnAs/GaAs(001) ont été optimisées. Ensuite, nous avons mené des études originales de microscopie à gradient de force magnétique et de spectroscopie de photoémission réalisées sur des couches de MnAs, pour la première, et de GaMnAs, MnAs et GaAs:MnAs, pour la deuxième, ont permis de faire ressortir des informations importantes pour leur intégration dans l'électronique de spin. Enfin, une étude du transport tunnel polarisé en spin a été conduite les JTM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Chen, Peifeng. "Spin polarized tunneling and spin injection in Fe-GaAs hybrid structures." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981364837.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Behrndtz, Frandsen Jannette. "Computational fluid structure interaction applied to long-span bridge design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Tronnier, Alexander, Ute Heinemeyer, Stefan Metz, Gerhard Wagenblast, Ingo Muenster, and Thomas Strassner. "Heteroleptic platinum(II) NHC complexes with a C^C* cyclometalated ligand – synthesis, structure and photophysics." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36262.

Full text

Abstract:

Platinum(II) complexes [(NHC)Pt(L)] with various β-diketonate based auxiliary ligands (L: 3-meacac = 3-methylacetylacetonato, dpm = dipivaloylmethanato, dbm = dibenzoylmethanato, mesacac = dimesitoylmethanato, duratron = bis(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzoyl)methanato) and a C^C* cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (NHC: dpbic = 1,3-iphenylbenzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene, dpnac = 1,3-diphenylnaphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-ylidene or bnbic = 1-phenyl-3-benzylbenzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene) were found to show different aggregation and photophysical properties depending on the auxiliary ligand. Eight complexes were prepared from a silver(I)–NHC intermediate by transmetalation, cyclometalation and subsequent treatment with potassium-tert-butanolate and β-diketone. They were fully characterized by standard techniques including ¹⁹⁵Pt NMR. Five complexes were additionally characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY). Solid-state structures of five complexes could be obtained and show the tendency of the square-planar compounds to form pairs with different Pt–Pt distances depending on the bulkiness of the substituents at the auxiliary ligand. The result of the photophysical measurements in amorphous PMMA films reveals quantum yields of up to 85% with an emission maximum in the blue region and comparatively short decay lifetimes (3.6 µs). Density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the emission process and revealed a predominant ³ILCT/³MLCT character. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) comprising one of the complexes achieved 12.6% EQE, 11.9 lm W⁻¹ luminous efficacy and 25.2 cd A⁻¹ current efficiency with a blue emission maximum at 300 cd m⁻². The influence of an additional hole-transporter in the emissive layer was investigated and found to improve the device lifetime by a factor of seven.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Li, Tian. "Spin wave propagation in ferromagnetic nano-structures." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263500.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nguyen, Cong Tu. "Spin dynamics in GaN- and InGaAs-based semiconductor structures." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0006/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à l'étude de la dynamique de spin des porteurs dans des structures semiconductrices III-V en vue d’applications possibles dans le domaine émergent de la spintronique dans les semiconducteurs. Deux approches différentes on été envisagées afin de pouvoir obtenir une polarisation en spin des porteurs longue et robuste : i) le confinement spatial dans des nano-structures 0D (boîtes quantiques), ii) l’ingénierie des centres paramagnétiques dans des couches massives.Pour la première approche, nous avons étudié les propriétés de polarisation de spin d’excitons confinés dans des boîtes quantiques de GaN/AlN insérées dans des nano-fils. Nous avons d’abord mis en évidence un taux important de polarisation de la photoluminescence (15 %) à basse température sous excitation quasi-résonante et nous avons démontré que cette polarisation est temporellement constante pendant la durée de vie des excitons. Grâce à des mesures en température, nous avons aussi démontré que cette polarisation n’est aucunement affectée jusqu’à 300 K. Nous avons aussi développé un modèle détaillé basé sur la matrice densité pour décrire le dégré de polarisation de la photoluminescence et sa dépendance angulaire.Pour la deuxième approche, nous avons réalisé un dispositif prototype de filtrage de spin basé sur l’implantation de centres paramagnétiques dans des couches massives de InGaAs. Le principe repose sur la création de défauts interstitiels paramagnétiques comme précédemment démontré dans notre groupe pour les nitrures dilués tels que GaAsN. Le but de ce travail a été le développement d’un procédé de création de ces défauts qui puisse surmonter les inconvénients liés à l’insertion de l’azote dans les semiconducteurs de type GaAs : a) la dépendance de l’efficacité du filtrage de spin avec de l’énergie de photoluminescence, b) l’impossibilité de créer des zones actives avec des motifs spécifiques.Dans ce travail, nous démontrons que des régions actives de filtre à spin peuvent être créées par implantation ionique de défauts paramagnétiques avec une densité et des motifs spatiaux prédéfinis. Grâce à des études par photoluminescence, nous avons d’une part mis en évidence des taux de recombinaison dépendant en spin pouvant aller jusqu’à 240 % dans les zones implantées. D’autre part, nous avons déterminé la dose d’implantation la plus favorable grâce à une étude systématique sur différents échantillons implantés avec des densités ioniques étendues sur quatre ordres de grandeurs. Nous avons également observé que l’application d’un champ magnétique externe produit une augmentation significative du taux de recombinaison dépendant en spin due à la polarisation en spin des noyaux implantés This thesis work is a contribution to the investigation by photoluminescence spectroscopy of the spin properties of III-V semiconductors with possible applications to the emerging semiconductor spintronics field. Two approaches have been explored in this work to achieve a long and robust spin polarization: i) Spatial confinement of the carriers in 0D nanostructured systems (quantum dots). ii) Defect engineering of paramagnetic centres in a bulk systems. Concerning the first approach, we have investigated the polarization properties of excitons in nanowire-embedded GaN/AlN quantum dots. We first evidence a low temperature sizeable linear polarization degree of the photoluminescence (~15 %) under quasi-resonant excitation with no temporal decay during the exciton lifetime. Moreover, we demonstrate that this stable exciton spin polarization is unaffected by the temperature up to 300 K. A detailed theoretical model based on the density matrix approach has also been developed to account for the observed polarization degree and its angular dependence.Regarding the second approach, we have demonstrated a proof-of-concept of conduction band spin-filtering device based on the implantation of paramagnetic centres in InGaAs epilayers. The principle relies on the creation of Ga interstitial defects as previously demonstrated in our group in dilute nitride GaAsN compounds. The driving force behind this work has been to overcome the limitations inherent to the introduction of N in the compounds: a) The dependence of the photoluminescence energy on the spin-filtering efficiency. b) The lack of spatial patterning of the active regions.In this work we show how the spin-filtering defects can be created by ion implantation creating a chosen density and spatial distribution of gallium paramagnetic centers in N-free epilayers. We demonstrate by photoluminescence spectroscopy that spin-dependent recombination (SDR) ratios as high as 240 % can be achieved in the implanted areas. The optimum implantation conditions for the most efficient SDR are also determined by the systematic analysis of different ion doses spanning four orders of magnitude. We finally show how the application of a weak external magnetic field leads to a sizable enhancement of the SDR ratio from the spin polarization of the implanted nuclei

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Deur, A. "La structure en spin du nucléon." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407961.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce document décrit les récents résultats expérimentaux sur la structure en spin du nucléon obtenus auprès de l'accélérateur d'électrons Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) en Virginie. Après avoir discuté la finalité de l'étude la structure en spin du nucléon et donnés les définitions de base, nous expliquons la phénoménologie de la diffusion de leptons. Nous détaillons ensuite certaines règles de somme, un outil central pour l'étude du spin du nucléon à Jefferson Lab, puis exposons la situation expérimentale actuelle. Suivent une présentation et discussion des résultats correspondants puis un exemple de résultat de l'étude du nucléon et ses conséquences sur notre compréhension de l'interaction forte. Nous concluons ce document sur les perspectives expérimentales dans ce domaine de recherche, en particulier avec la prochaine augmentation en énergie de Jefferson Lab.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Avenarius, Christoph. "The spin structure of the baryons." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:448e060b-085d-449f-b33a-dd3913093d6d.

Full text

Abstract:

Baryons are considered in the Nonrelativistic Quark Model (NQM) to be bound states of three valence quarks. Each quark has two possible spin eigenstates in the restframe of the baryon whose spin is fully carried by quarks. The baryon wavefunctions are connected through SU(6) symmetry rotations. For a long time, the measured magnetic moments of the baryons appeared to be in agreement with the NQM predictions. However, recent experiments which are examining the spin structure of the baryons show the failure of several NQM predictions. The so-called 'spin crisis' arose from the interpretation of the EMC deep inelastic scattering measurement of ∫ gp1 that the quark spins in the proton appeared to sum up to (almost) zero. In this thesis it will be demonstrated that the spin problem is not a phenomenon restricted to quasi-massless current quarks in the high energy limit. Symmetry arguments are used to examine the baryon magnetic moments and reveal that we can observe massive but pointhke constituent quarks, with a characteristic mass ratio mu = md ≃ 2andfrasl;3ms. Surprisingly they do not contribute much to the baryon spin either. This analysis is free of the ambiguity arising from the UA(1} gluon anomaly which makes it impossible to calculate precisely the spin sum of the current quarks. One important finding in our analysis is the observation that the effects of SU(6) breaking hyperfine spin-spin interactions (which cause well-known splittings in the baryon masses) can be seen in the environment dependence of the constituent quark masses. The effective mass of a quark cannot be independent of its surrounding energy since the mass of the baryon is distributed amongst its constituents. Consistent with the hypothesis that different quark masses do not impose SU(3) breaking on the baryon wavefunctions is the observation of induced 'second class' form factors. The way in which SU(3) breaking alters the gAandfrasl;gV ratios in semileptonic hyperon decays will be discussed and strong evidence for a new value of F/D is given, which is close to its SU(6) value. This value is derived independently from the baryon β-decays and from their magnetic moments. Dynamical models are discussed which might explain the observed polarised strangeness 'inside' the proton, and the almost vanishing quark spin sum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Green, Mark Finkle. "The dynamic response of short-span highway bridges to heavy vehicle loads." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251494.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation investigates the dynamics of highway bridges subjected to heavy vehicle loads. A convolution method based on bridge mode shapes is developed to predict the dynamic response of a bridge to a given set of wheel loads. The convolution integral is solved by transformation to the frequency domain. In order to validate the bridge response calculation method, an experimental procedure, consisting of impulse tests to determine the bridge modal properties and vehicle tests, is presented. The measured modal properties of the bridges are compared against predictions from beam theory and finite element calculations. Good agreement between theory and measurement is shown. The modal parameters are combined with measured wheel loads in the convolution calculation to predict bridge responses. These predicted responses are compared with the measurements and good agreement is found. The convolution method is extended by an iterative procedure to include vehicle models and two parametric studies are performed. In the first, the importance of the dynamic interaction between vehicles and bridges is investigated, and guidelines for determining when interaction can be ignored are presented. In the second study, the effects of vehicle suspension design on bridge dynamic response are considered. Vehicles with leaf-spring and air-spring suspensions are considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Yang, Rong. "ATOMIC-SCALE AND SPIN STRUCTURE INVESTIGATIONS OF MANGANESE NITRIDE AND RELATED MAGNETIC HYBRID STRUCTURES PREPARED BY MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1152124059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ozbay, Arif. "Noise and transport studies in spin valve structures." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 165 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1892027511&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Netshiya, Adivhaho Andrew. "Octupole and quadrupole structures in the N=88 nucleus 152Gd." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6577.

Full text

Abstract:

>Magister Scientiae - MSc The focus for this work is on 152Gd produced by the 150Sm( , 2n)152Gd reaction at a beam energy of 25 MeV. The nucleus has been previously studied for both low spin states and high spin states at di erent energies. The most recent work on 152Gd was done by S. P. Bvumbi using the 152Sm( , 4n)152Gd reaction at a beam energy of 45 MeV where she was able to populate low spin states and assign spins and parities to the levels as shown in Fig. 1.1. The nucleus 152Gd, with proton number Z=64 subshell closure, belongs to a set of isotones having N=88 in the transitional region with just 6 neutrons outside the N=82 closed shell and lies just before the N=90 permanently deformed region. The isotope 152Gd is in the transitional region, consequently its nuclear collective motion will quickly evolve from vibrational to rotational motion. The low lying K =0+2 bands in N=88 and 90 nuclei appear at low excitation energies and are poorly understood. Key to these studies is the crucial question about the legitimacy of the low lying K =0+2 bands being described as vibrations along the symmetry axis. The current work examines the K =0+2 band with the objective of providing more understanding. Previous studies of N=88 isotones saw consistent E1 transitions both from and to the K =0+2 bands and octupole bands, namely 144Ba, 146Ce, 148Nd, 150Sm and 154Dy nuclei. The experimental systematics of the low lying negative parity states in N=88 isotones are remarkably well reproduced by theoretical calculations of the quadrupole octupole coupling (QOC) modelas shown in Fig. 1.2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Shen, Zhenyuan. "An integrated finite strip solution for long span bridges /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202009%20SHEN.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Goryca, Mateusz. "Dynamique de spin dans les structures semi-conductrices de basses dimensions." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647043.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail présente l'étude de la dynamique de spins d'ions Mn insérés dans des structures de CdTe de faibles dimensions. L'accent est plus particulièrement mis sur des boîtes quantiques individuelles de CdTe contenant un ion Mn unique, ce qui permet d'accéder aux interactions non perturbées de l'ion magnétique avec son environnement semi-conducteur. Nous présentons une méthode purement optique de manipulation et de lecture des états de spin de l'ion magnétique unique. Les expériences utilisent le fait que les états de spin se conservent lors d'un transfert excitonique entre proches boîtes quantiques, pour injecter un exciton polarisé dans la boîte contenant l'ion Mn afin d'orienter son spin. Les dynamiques de processus de réorientation sont observées lors de mesures résolues en temps, puis analysées via un modèle simple d'équations de taux. Un des mécanismes possible de réorientation, la recombinaison d'excitons sombres, est présenté expérimentalement, puis discuté. L'orientation optique de l'ion Mn est aussi utilisée pour étudier les relaxations spin-réseau d'un ion magnétique isolé sous faibles et sous forts champs magnétiques. Ce travail décrit aussi les phénomènes présents pour des champs magnétiques nuls ou faibles dans des systèmes de moments magnétiques plus grands (puits et boîtes quantiques contenant plusieurs ions Mn). Une nouvelle technique expérimentale, basée sur des impulsions magnétiques rapides, nous permet d'étudier la dynamique de spin des ions Mn en l'absence de champ magnétique et ce, avec une résolution temporelle de l'ordre de la nanoseconde. Nous observons une rapide décroissance de la magnétisation après une impulsion magnétique. Le phénomène est décrit en terme de couplage hyperfin avec le spin nucléaire des ions Mn. Cet effet est particulièrement sensible à toute anisotropie, notamment celles introduites par un gaz de trous ou par les contraintes du réseau. L'application d'un champ magnétique externe supprime les dynamiques rapides dans les puits quantiques magnétiques dilués et des phénomènes plus commun de relaxation lente spin-réseau sont alors observés. Il est toutefois surprenant que les boîtes quantiques avec un grand nombre d'ions Mn présentent ces dynamiques de spin rapides même après application d'un champ magnétique allant jusqu'à 0.5 T. Ce processus rapide pourrait venir des interactions spin-spin des ions Mn, en particulier si leur distribution spatiale n'est pas régulière à l'intérieur de la boîte.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Keeling, P. R. "Spin and structure of '1'2C-'1'2C resonances." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379972.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Unrau, Peter. "Spin dependent nucleon structure at intermediate Q²." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38381.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Cheng, Shaohong. "Structural and aerodynamic stability analysis of long-span cable-stayed bridges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0022/NQ52316.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cheng, Shaohong Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Structural and aerodynamic stability analysis of long-span cable-stayed bridges." Ottawa, 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Skubic, Björn. "Spin Dynamics and Magnetic Multilayers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8168.

Full text

Abstract:

Theoretical studies based on first-principles theory are presented for a number of different magnetic systems. The first part of the thesis concerns spin dynamics and the second part concerns properties of magnetic multilayers. The theoretical treatment is based on electronic structure calculations performed by means of density functional theory.A method is developed for simulating atomistic spin dynamics at finite temperatures, which is based on solving the equations of motion for the atomic spins by means of Langevin dynamics. The method relies on a mapping of the interatomic exchange interactions from density functional theory to a Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Simulations are performed for various magnetic systems and processes beyond the reach of conventional micromagnetism. As an example, magnetization dynamics in the limit of large magnetic and anisotropy fields is explored. Moreover, the method is applied to studying the dynamics of systems with complex atomic order such as the diluted magnetic semiconductor MnGaAs and the spin glass alloy CuMn. The method is also applied to a Fe thin film and a Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer system, where the limits of ultrafast switching are explored. Current induced magnetization dynamics is investigated by calculating the current induced spin-transfer torque by means of density functional theory combined with the relaxation time approximation and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. The current induced torque is calculated for the helical spin-density waves in Er and fcc Fe, where the current is found to promote a rigid rotation of the magnetic order.Properties of magnetic multilayers composed of magnetic and nonmagnetic layers are investigated by means of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostocker interface Green's function method. Multilayer properties such as magnetic moments, interlayer exchange coupling and ordering temperatures are calculated and compared with experiments, with focus on understanding the influence of interface quality. Moreover, the influence on the interlayer exchange coupling of alloying the nonmagnetic spacer layers with small amounts of a magnetic impurity is investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Reynolds, Paul. "The effects of raised access flooring on the vibrational performance of long-span concrete floors." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15044/.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a current trend towards ever more slender concrete floor structures, which is resulting in more frequent problems with their vibration serviceability. Predictive methods for vibration serviceability must consider not only the structures themselves, but also the non-structural elements which are attached to them, as these may have a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the floor structural system. As there has been very little past research in this area, this thesis describes an investigation into the effects of raised access floors on the vibration serviceability of long-span concrete floors. The development of a new modal testing facility based on electrodynamic shaker excitation, which was capable of producing high quality estimates of the modal properties of full-scale floor structures, is described. This was subsequently utilised to determine the modal properties of three full-scale floor structures, before and after the installation of various configurations of raised access floors. The response of these structures to controlled pedestrian excitation was also measured. Realistic finite element models of all structures were developed and updated using the results from the experimental work. These were subsequently utilised for investigation of the experimentally measured effects of the raised access floors. It was found that raised access floors had only minor effects on the modal properties of the long-span concrete floors. Reductions in natural frequencies due to the increased mass were, to some extent, offset by the slight increases in stiffness following the installation of the access floors. Modal damping ratios increased for some modes of vibration, but these changes were rather unpredictable and hence they were too unreliable to be used in design. The response of the structures under controlled pedestrian excitation reduced following the installation of various configurations of raised access floors. The reduction appeared to be greater for relatively deep access floors (500 - 600 mm) than for relatively shallow access floors (150 - 200 mm). Therefore, it is recommended that the effects of access floors may be included in vibration serviceability analyses by applying a reduction factor to predicted responses calculated by assuming a bare floor. The proposed reduction factors are 0.9 for access floors where the finished floor height is less than 500 mm and 0.8 for access floors where the finished floor height is 500 mm or greater.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Yamamoto, A. D. "High spin structures of transitional nuclei around mass 100." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2207/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lovegrove, Justin. "Vortex structures in atomic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/358629/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is concerned with the structure and stability of vortices in spin-1 atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) in rotating, optical traps. We numerically study these vortex structures using a classical mean-field theory which allows atomic interactions to change the local expectation value of the atomic spin. Initially applying a model in which the atoms interact only via scattering which does not conserve an initial longitudinal magnetisation, we identify the energetically stable configurations of singular and nonsingular vortices via propagation in imaginary time in a rotating frame of reference. We find that the cores of singular vortices fill with atoms in the spinor BEC and show that this can be understood in terms of an energetic hierarchy of length scales. By refining the numerical model to explicitly conserve longitudinal magnetisation, we show that the conservation of a strong magnetisation can lead to a mixing of the two phases of the ground-state manifold (polar and ferromagnetic), which are characterised by the expectation value of the spin. This occurs as a result of the introduction of a new characteristic length scale determined by the longitudinal magnetisation. A surprising consequence is the stability of a ferromagnetic coreless vortex in the polar interaction regime, which otherwise is energetically unstable. We construct analytic spinor wavefunctions which parametrise the interpolation between the polar and ferromagnetic phases, exhibiting different vortex topologies in the respective phases. Finally by identifying stationary states of the system, we show how nonlocal dipoledipole interactions between atoms introduces an additional length scale determined by the strength of the dipolar interaction. The energetic hierarchy of length scales then determines whether the dipolar interactions have a significant effect on the stationary vortex structures. In particular we show how a BEC with polar interactions adopts the properties of a ferromagnetic condensate when the dipolar interactions dominate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Riley, Heather. "Real forms of higher spin structures on Riemann orbifolds." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2028539/.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis we study the space of m-spin structures on hyperbolic Klein orbifolds. A hyperbolic Klein orbifold is a hyperbolic 2-dimensional orbifold with a maximal atlas whose transition maps are either holomorphic or anti holomorphic. Hyperbolic Klein orbifolds can be described as pairs (P,\tau), where P is a quotient of the hyperbolic plane by a Fuchsian group \Gamma and \tau an anti-holomorphic involution on P. An m-spin structure on a hyperbolic Klein orbifold P is a complex line bundle L such that the m-th tensor power of L is isomorphic to the cotangent bundle of P and L is invariant under the involution \tau. We only consider a certain class of hyperbolic Klein orbifolds which we call nice Klein orbifolds, namely those where no fixed points of the involution \tau are fixed by any elements of the Fuchsian group \Gamma. We describe topological invariants of m-spin structures on nice Klein orbifolds and determine the conditions under which such m-spin structures exist. We describe all connected components of the space of m-spin structures on nice Klein orbifolds and prove that any connected component is homeomorphic to a quotient of \mathbb{R}^d by a discrete group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Хворост, Василь Валерійович, Василий Валерьевич Хворост та V. V. Khvorost. "Обґрунтування параметрів прогонових будов на поверхні шахт з урахуванням переходу на полегшені огороджувальні конструкції". Thesis, Видавництво НГУ, 2012. http://ir.nmu.org.ua/handle/123456789/203.

Full text

Abstract:

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.15.04 «Шахтне та підземне будівництво». – ДВНЗ «Національ-ний гірничий університет», Дніпропетровськ, 2012. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.15.04 «Шахтное и подземное строительство». – ГВУЗ «Национальный горный университет», Днепропетровск, 2012. Thesis for obtaining scientific degree of candidate of technical sciences by speciality 05.15.04 – «Mining and underground construction». – State Institution of Higher Education «National Mining University», Dnipropetrovs’k, 2012. Дисертацію присвячено розв’язанню актуального науково-технічного завдання обґрунтування параметрів прогонових будов поверхні шахт з урахуванням переходу на полегшені огороджувальні конструкції на підставі закономірностей зміни динамічних характеристик. Результати комп’ютерного моделювання методом скінченних елементів та теоретичних розрахунків дозволили проаналізувати динамічні процеси у прогонових будовах галерей і встановити закономірності порушення їх міцності. Отримані експериментальним шляхом динамічні характеристики прогонових будов використано для оцінювання міцності, стійкості та витривалості динамічно навантажених конструкцій прогонових будов. Закономірності, отримані в результаті комп’ютерного моделювання динамічних процесів галерей, використано для розробки рекомендацій з визначення ширини резонансної зони та величини коефіцієнта динамічності прогонових будов у комплексі будівель і споруд поверхні шахт гірничодобувних підприємств Криворізького басейну за умови переходу на полегшені огороджувальні конструкції. Диссертация посвящена решению актуальной научно-технической задачи обоснования параметров пролетных строений поверхности шахт с учетом перехода на облегченные ограждающие конструкции на основе закономерностей изменения динамических характеристик. В работе выполнен системный анализ современного состояния и основных тенденций развития проектирования пролетных строений на поверхности горнодобывающих предприятий. Для моделирования напряженно-деформированного состояния пролетных строений был использован вычислительный комплекс SCAD, широко используемый в практике инженерного анализа как в Украине, так и за рубежом. Проверка аналитических методов расчета методом конечных элементов в программе SCAD для ряда математических моделей показал, что принятые допущения, используемые в моделях в аналитическом методе, не оказывают значительного влияния на характер поведения и численные значения амплитудно-частотных характеристик. Результаты компьютерного моделирования методом конечных элементов и теоретических расчетов позволили проанализировать динамические процессы в пролетных строениях галерей и установить закономерности нарушения их прочности. Выполнены экспериментальные исследования напряженно-деформированного состояния пролетных строений в комплексе зданий и сооружений поверхности шахт горнодобывающих предприятий Криворожского бассейна. Полученные экспериментальным путем динамические характеристики пролетных строений использованы для оценки прочности, устойчивости и выносливости динамично нагруженных конструкций пролетных строений. Закономерности, полученные в результате компьютерного моделирования динамических процессов, использованы для разработки рекомендаций по определению ширины резонансной зоны и величины коэффициента динамичности пролетных строений в условиях перехода на облегченные ограждающие конструкции. На основании впервые установленных закономерностей изменения амплитудно-частотных характеристик пролетных строений от различного характера внешних нагрузок и геометрических параметров ограждающих конструкций решена актуальная научная задача установления закономерностей изменения жесткости и частот собственных колебаний галерей при условии перехода на облегченные ограждающие конструкции. Сопоставление теоретических и экспериментальных результатов производилось на основании сравнения частот колебаний, максимальных перемещений. Установленное удовлетворительное соответствие этих факторов является достаточным для вывода о достоверности математической модели. Внедрение эффективных ограждающих конструкций пролетных строений на основе использования разработанных рекомендаций по определению рациональной массы пролетного строения позволяет получить экономический эффект на одной транспортерной галереи 299 тыс. грн. Thesis is devoted to the urgent scientific and technical problem explanation analysis of span structures on the mines surface characteristics with account of transition to eased cladding structures on the basis of dynamic characteristic principles. Computer simulations results by finite elements and theoretical calculation methods allowed analyzing the dynamic processes in span structures galleries and establishing principles of its strength defection. Experimentally obtained dynamic processes in span structures are used for strength, resistibility, endurance evaluation of dynamically loaded span structures. Obtained results based on the results of dynamic processes in galleries structures are used for recommendation formulation to determine the resonance zone width and dynamic index value of span structures under conditions of transition to eased cladding structures. Implementation of effective cladding structures of span structures allows reducing the cost of span structures reconstruction an average of 10…20 %.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Span structures'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles