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Journal articles on the topic 'Spanish Criminal Code'
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1
Cruz Palmera, Roberto José. "INSTRUMENTAL OFFENCE IN SPANISH CRIMINAL CODE: PROBLEMS OF LEGITIMACY?" Review of European and Comparative Law 38, no. 3 (April 21, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4998.
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Presento una nueva categoría de normas penales que llamo "delitos instrumentales". Es una anticipación a través de la cual el legislador español castiga la preparación de un delito que incrimina objetos o procesos para cometer un delito con el fin de prevenir nuevas formas de delito. Sin embargo, esta decisión es ilegítima porque es incompatible con los principios constitucionales. En ese sentido, para mantener estas normas penales en el código se requerirá una interpretación que se ajuste a los principios básicos del derecho penal.
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González Uriel, Daniel. "Money Laundering, Political Corruption and Asset Recovery in the Spanish Criminal Code." International Annals of Criminology 59, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.5.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the relationship between corruption offenses and money laundering with reference to the Spanish Penal Code. These two criminal categories lack a certain definition, as there is no such univocal concept of “political corruption” and “money laundering.” The reasons for the denaturation of these criminal figures will be addressed. Then, the paper will expose how these criminal figures relate to each other. We argue that a real concurrence between both figures is possible, although it may lead, in certain cases, to double incrimination and its consequent punitive excess. Therefore, we will propose some criteria for a restrictive interpretation of “money laundering” to avoid confusion with other legal figures such as “confiscation.” The paper will end with reference to the Spanish Criminal Code’s regulation on “confiscation” and a brief review of the main critics.
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Robina-Ramírez, Rafael, Antonio Fernández-Portillo, and Juan Carlos Díaz-Casero. "Green Start-Ups’ Attitudes towards Nature When Complying with the Corporate Law." Complexity 2019 (February 21, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4164853.
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This paper examines how Spanish green start-ups develop improved attitudes towards nature. Despite the prevalence of theories based on green entrepreneurs, very little research has been conducted on how green attributes influence nature in the framework of the new Spanish Criminal Code in what concerns corporate compliance. One hundred and fifty-two start-ups were interviewed in 2018. Smart PLS Path Modelling has been used to build an interaction model among variables. The results obtained have a significant theoretical and practical implication since they add new findings to the current literature on how start-ups incorporate the recent Criminal Code in their environmental decisions. The model reveals a strong predictive power (R-squared = 77.9%). There are grounds to say that start-ups should implement effective monitoring systems and new organisational standards, in addition to developing surveillance measures to avoid unexpected sanctions.
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Díaz-Maroto y Villarejo, Julio. "Corrupción en las transacciones comerciales internacionales = Corruption in international business transactions." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 14 (March 19, 2018): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2018.4172.
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Resumen: El trabajo pretende mostrar, mediante un análisis del artículo 286 ter del Código Penal, la respuesta que el ordenamiento jurídico-penal español ofrece a un fenómeno tan frecuente y dañino como es el de la corrupción en el ámbito concreto de las transacciones económicas internacionales. La materia, objeto de atención de los organismos internacionales (ONU, OCDE, UE, etc.), constituye uno de los temas más candentes dentro de la actual política criminal.Palabras clave: Corrupción y soborno, transacciones económicas, globalización.Abstract: The essay tries to show, through the analysis of art. 445 of the Spanish criminal code, the answer that the Spanish criminal system gives to a phenomenon as frequent and harmful as the corruption within international business transactions. This topic has drawn the attention of international organizations (UNO, OECD, EU…) and constitutes one of the hottest issues of today’s criminal policy.Keywords: Bribery and corruption, economic transactions, globalization.
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Ramírez, Rafael, and Pedro Palos-Sánchez. "Environmental Firms’ Better Attitude towards Nature in the Context of Corporate Compliance." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093321.
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The recent publishing of the Criminal Code Reform, known as the Corporate Governance Code and by which companies are prosecuted for the crimes they have committed, is contributing towards improving the management of companies involved in using natural resources. This study explores the disposition of environmental companies towards respect for nature in the context of the new Spanish Criminal Code 1/2015. Over 916 companies, including 104 environmental companies, have been asked about their knowledge of the code and the consequences it has for them through a survey. The paper explores the influence of regulatory compliance, coercive enforcement and cooperative actions on environmental companies to develop better attitudes towards nature. Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modelling was used to build an interaction model among variables. The results of the research reveal how environmental companies are more inclined to developing organizational standards (Cooperative Environmental Protocols) and to improving compliance with environmental law (coercive regulation). The model has a moderate predictive effect, explaining 54.1% of environmental companies’ Better Attitude towards Nature. The findings may have important implications for environmental authorities when deterring environmental crimes.
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Garcia, MaryEllen. "Pachucos, Chicano Homeboys and Gypsy Caló: Transmission of a Speech Style." Ethnic Studies Review 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 24–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2009.32.2.24.
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The term caló is well-known within many Mexican American communities as a bilingual slang that is one of several speech styles in the community repertoire, closely associated with Pachuco groups of the U.S. Southwest that came to prominence in the 1940's. But the term caló predates its introduction to the U.S. by many decades. With roots in a Romany-based germanio of the 16th century, from the speech of immigrant gypsies evolved a new Spanish-based argot, the result of language shift from Romany to Spanish over centuries. By the 19th century, caló referred to a Spanish-based criminal argot called “caló jergal” by a contemporaneous Spanish researcher (Salillas 1896), a mixed code of gypsy Romany and Peninsular Spanish which was used by members of that group as an in-group, secret speech style.
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Fernández Sarasola, Ignacio. "Libertad de expresión y tutela de la Corona: el caso de «El Jueves»." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 43 (May 23, 2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.43.2019.24430.
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En 2007, la revista satírica «El Jueves» sufrió un secuestro judicial, y dos de sus dibujantes resultaron condenados por un delito contra el honor de la Corona. Ambas resoluciones judiciales sometieron la libertad de expresión a unas restricciones excepcionales, y dieron lugar a que los propios editores optaran con posterioridad a medidas de autocensura. Sin embargo, tales restricciones fueron fruto de una inadecuada protección del honor de la Corona en el Código Penal, y de uso erróneo de la cláusula de proporcionalidad por parte de la Audiencia Nacional.In 2007 the Spanish satirical journal “El Jueves” was under judicial confiscation and two of its authors were prosecuted for criminal offense against the Crown’s honor. Both judicial resolutions subjected the freedom to expression to exceptional restrictions and moved the publishers to further self-censure. Nevertheless, these restrictions dealt with an inadequate protection to Crown honor in Spanish Criminal Code, and with a wrong use of the proportional clause by the Audiencia Nacional.
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Martín Muñoz, Jesús. "LA MAGIA DEL PRONOMBRE «MÍO». Reflexiones sobre el miedo insuperable con ocasión de la STS 240/2016, de 29 de marzo." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 20 (January 23, 2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.20.2018.26496.
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En el presente trabajo reflexionaremos sobre el modo en que doctrina y jurisprudencia caracterizan a la eximente de miedo insuperable, prevista en el artículo 20.6.º del Código Penal español, con ocasión de la reciente Sentencia 240/2016, de 29 de marzo, del Tribunal Supremo, que la aplica de forma incompleta junto con la de legítima defensa.In this paper we will reflect on how the defence of «unconquerable fear» (ordinary fortitude), set in Article 20(6) of the Spanish Criminal Code, is treated in literature and case-law with regard to the recent Sentence of the Spanish Supreme Court 240/2016, of March 29th, which applies it partially together with self-defence.
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Martínez Guerra, Amparo. "La prisión permanente revisable. Un análisis del argumento internacional." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 19 (October 21, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.19.2018.24412.
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La Ley Orgánica 1/2015, 30 de marzo de modificación del Código Penal introdujo como nueva pena la prisión permanente revisable tras 25 años. De acuerdo con el art. 25.2 CE, las penas privativas de libertad y las medidas de seguridad estarán orientadas hacia la reinserción y la reducación social. Para defender la constitucionalidad de la nueva pena, el Legislador español acudió a la firma y ratificación del Estatuto de Roma para el establecimiento de la Corte Penal Internacional. Su art. 77.1 b) prevé la imposición de una pena de prisión de por vida cuando así lo justifiquen la extrema gravedad del delito y las circunstancias personales del condenado.The Organic Law 1/2015, 30 march for the amendment of the Spanish Criminal Code introduced as a new penalty the permanent prison with possibility of parole after 25 years. Pursuant to art. 25.2 of the Spanish Constitution, punishments entailing imprisonment and security measures shall be aimed reeducation and social rehabilitation. In order to support the constitutionality of the penalty, the Legislator argued that Spain signed and ratified the Rome Statute for the establishment of the International Criminal Law. According to art. 77. 1 b) the Court may imposed a term of life imprisonment when justifed by the extreme gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of the convicted person.
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Gonzalez-Costa, Jose Antonio. "THE PUNITIVE DISTINCTION ON GROUNDS OF SEX IN THE PENAL CODE OF SPAIN AND THE ORGANIC LAW 1/2004 OF 28 DECEMBER ON INTEGRAL PROTECTION MEASURES AGAINST GENDER VIOLENCE." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 84 (February 6, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i84.3601.
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The aim of this article is to examine the punitive differences after come into force of the law 1/2004 of 28 of december, (LVG) because this law protect only women and not men, studying the differences in the law enforcement, and what criminal consequences will have, in every single case, depending on the victim, if it’s a woman or if it’s a man.In order to research the objective and fulfill tasks set the research project, the applied methods during the research progress are the following: analytical, inductive, logical, systemical. Also the method of the analysis of literature, the comparative legal method and theoretical method of research to investigate, analyse and summarize information of publications.The methods chosen are very important in analysing the Spanish law, case law materials to opinions of legislator and law scientists.Supported by the inductive and comparative method is used in order to make it able to analyse individual aspects of the law 1/2004 and the criminal laws its application and consequences in differents cases, from several theorethical conclusions.The logical and analytical method was used in order to study content of the law, its protections to the victims and punishment and if with its application the society is better and secure for everyone, analyzing the effects in the citizens.The overall object of this article “The punitive distinction on grounds of sex in the penal code and the organic law 1/2004 of 28 december on integral protection measures against gender violence” is a national human rights interests, however the direct object is national interests in the field of domestic violence and violence against the women, and the protection of the woman in the society and her freedom and development as a human being. Moreover the the application of this law creates social conflicts, make deeper the differences between man and woman and it doesn’t solve effectively the problem of the violence against the women.The subject matter of this article is the Spanish Criminal law in connection with the violence against women and its effective application and using different methods to check if the principle of equality in the law and of sexes is applied in Spain in an egalitarian and fair way. The most common cases are the physical and psychic aggressions, threats and coercion, and this is what the law 1/2004 and the Spanish criminal code try to sorted out.Also, this law is strong criticized by many sectors, and in this article it’s defended the position that this law should be applied to both sexes, without distinction and so, to try to convert the society in a space of equality and justice.The main conclusion shows that actually in Spain, the society is suffering a very unfair law, specially for men, and does not help really to women when they are assaulted.It must to be changed this law, being applied to everyone without exceptions, that’s means, without making differences between woman and man.
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Rodríguez Ferrández, Samuel. "THE USE OF “EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE?” IN THE SPANISH CRIMINAL LEGISLATIVE PROCESS FROM 1992-1995 TO THE PRESENT." Spanish Journal of Legislative Studies, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/sjls.vi2.1288.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the introductory texts of the various Organic Laws that have shaped the text of our current Criminal Code over the last 25 years. Recourse to these introductory texts (whether they are Explanations of Reasons or Preambles, as we shall see below) is obligatory -at least as a first source of information- if we wish to know which have been throughout this period the reasons given by the different criminal legislators for undertaking the multiple reforms that have been approved and came into force. As a methodological alternative, we could have resorted to the reports that the different governments have been sending to Parliament to justify the initial bills of all the Organic Laws analysed, in order to appreciate a perhapsmore “pure” version of the reasons of the legislative promoter; however, apart from the fact that the information contained in both types of justification-explanation text usually coincides in essence, that of the Organic Laws offers more up-to-date information that is in line with the final text of the approved regulation and, above all, it is much easier to access it, without having to make an individual request for the documentation attached to each bill to the “Office of Documentation, Library and Archives” of the Congress of Deputies
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Bonsignore Fouquet, Dyango. "LA IMAGEN LEGAL DEL DELINCUENTE IMPUTABLE PELIGROSO: REFLEXIONES A TRAVÉS DE LA LIBERTAD VIGILADA." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 20 (January 23, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.20.2018.26432.
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Durante la última década ha aumentado el interés político criminal por expandir la aplicación del criterio de peligrosidad en el Derecho penal español. Esto determinó la introducción de la libertad vigilada con el objetivo expreso de aprehender el riesgo que plantea un nuevo tipo de sujeto jurídico-penal: el delincuente imputable peligroso. El presente trabajo examina detalladamente la evolución de esta medida de seguridad con el fin de extraer las notas características de la construcción de los «peligrosos» efectuada por el legislador. Como objetivo último, se pretende reflexionar sobre la idea de peligrosidad que se encuentra detrás de la plasmación legal y las implicaciones que derivan de ella.The last decade has seen a rise in the utilization of the dangerousness criterion in the Spanish criminal law. This determined the introduction of the measure of supervised release as a way to respond against certain types of offenders deemed to still pose a risk to the population at time of release. This paper aims to examine this process in depth with the purpose of extracting some of the features of this group of «dangerous» offenders as defined by the Criminal Code. More generally, it aims to gain some insight about which concept of dangerousness lies behind these changes.
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Menéndez de Llano, Nuria. "Sexual exploitation of animals in accordance with the Organic Act 10/2015, of 30th of March, amending the Spanish Criminal Code." Derecho Animal. Forum of Animal Law Studies 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/da.75.
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Nieto-Montero, Juan José. "Money Laundering and Tax Crimes in Spain: Doctrine and Jurisprudence." International Annals of Criminology 59, no. 1 (May 2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.8.
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AbstractAs regulated in Spanish law, money laundering requires a prior illicit activity that has generated the assets that are the subject of laundering. One of the subjects that has been deeply discussed in recent years by certain doctrinal sectors, even with support in various jurisprudential rulings, has been the suitability of crimes against the Public Treasury, especially tax fraud, as the prior offence underlying money laundering. Thus, it has been debated whether the tax offender carrying out one of the activities typified in the Criminal Code (acquiring, possessing, using, converting or transmitting assets) automatically commits a type of money laundering. In that case, it would become an automatic and inevitable consequence of the tax crime itself. If, on the contrary, some other component must be required (essentially through the subjective elements of the unjust) to determine the existence of a second crime, that of money laundering, the prohibition of non-bis in idem confronts us, to a greater or lesser extent. Furthermore, doctrinal approaches and some judgements of the Spanish highest courts have generated a reinterpretation of the criminal law that fits badly with the principles of criminality. Nor is it easy to delineate the assets that are the object of the tax offence that may be subject to laundering, since, by definition, they are assets that were originally in possession of the offending subject and, besides, they are pecuniary obligations. To that extent, the presumption of innocence could, in many cases, determine the exoneration of the suspect.
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Díaz Crego, María. "Cuando Parot llegó a Estrasburgo = When Parot arrived to Strasbourg." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 31 (January 1, 2013): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.31.2013.10322.
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En febrero del año 2006, el TS modificaba la forma de cómputo de la redención de penas por el trabajo, regulada en el ya derogado Código Penal de 1973. Esa modificación tenía consecuencias muy importantes para algunos de los condenados bajo el imperio de ese Código, que vieron cómo se alargaba su tiempo de permanencia en prisión hasta en 15 años. Las relevantes consecuencias derivadas de la aplicación de la llamada «doctrina Parot» llevaron a muchos de los reclusos afectados ante el TC y el TEDH. Sin embargo, los pronunciamientos de estos dos tribunales han sido divergentes: si bien el TC ha estimado muy pocos de los recursos de amparo interpuestos, el TEDH parece haber rechazado de forma frontal la doctrina introducida por el TS. En este marco, el presente trabajo analiza las decisiones de estos dos tribunales y trata de determinar cómo deben actuar las autoridades españolas tras la condena a España en el caso Del Río Prada, a fin de resolver el problema de fondo planteado por la aplicación de la doctrina Parot a una gran cantidad de reclusos.In February 2006, the Spanish Supreme Court modified its case-law regarding some provisions of the abrogated Criminal Code of 1973 that allowed the early release of prisoners if they worked while serving their sentence and they demonstrated good conduct. This change in the Spanish Supreme Court case-law had relevant consequences for some convicted prisoners as it meant an important extension of imprisonment years. Many of the prisoners affected by this new case-law appealed against the decisions extending their time in prison before the Spanish Constitutional Court and, after that, before the European Court of Human Rights. In this context, the main aim of this paper is to analyse the decisions adopted by these Courts while reviewing the Spanish Supreme Court case law, and to determine what the Spanish authorities must do after the European Court decision in «Del Río Prada», the sole case in which the European Court has examined the Spanish Supreme Court case-law.
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Ordóñez Cádiz, Francesc. "La conformidad: Negociar, pactar, rebajar y... ¿Renunciar a derechos para agilizar el proceso?" Latin American Legal Studies 8 (May 3, 2021): 266–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.15691/0719-9112vol8a6.
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This work aims to analyze the conformity in the Spanish procedural system. But not exclusively. It pretends that the reader gets an idea that even though the conformity (as well as other forms of negotiated justice) is an advantageous and agile solution, also has a more uncertain side since it implies wavering guarantees and fundamental rights. Without disregarding the negotiations that take place (mainly, in the USA) that can be constraining to extremes that are hardy ethical or not at all. Not everything is acceptable for facilitating the process. This study will allow us to verify the problems of the justice system (slowness and congestion), as well as to analyze an instrument of procedural facilitation such as the conformity, to review its functioning, and for understanding what happens in the USA and in Chile, countries that have been chosen because the former is a conformity-based system, and the latter has an important Criminal Procedure Code and aims at distancing from the plea bargaining.
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Salat Paisal, Marc. "La necesidad de reformar la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada." Anales de Derecho 37, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.381031.
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Después de casi una década desde la introducción en el Código penal español de la medida de seguridad libertad vigilada solo es posible plantear si quiera más dudas sobre su regulación, imposición y sobre todo su ejecución de los que en su día surgieron por parte de la doctrina especializada. En el presente trabajo se pretende se expondrá brevemente cual es el estado de la cuestión de la realidad práctica de la libertad vigilada en España para luego pasar al análisis de la regulación de instituciones jurídicas de naturaleza similar en el Derecho anglosajón con el objetivo de comprender cómo allí se está planteando su ejecución y sobre todo cómo es regulada. El objetivo final no es otro que buscar en el Derecho comparado posibles soluciones a la falta de regulación de la ejecución de la libertad vigilada regulada en el art. 106 del Código penal español. Almost a decade after the introduction the supervised release in the Spanish Criminal Code, it is only possible to raise even more doubts about its regulation, imposition and above all its execution. This paper will briefly explain the state of the question of the practical reality of supervised release in Spain and then analyse the regulation of similar legal institutions in Anglo-Saxon law in order to understand how it is regulated and above all executed. The final objective is none other than to seek in comparative law possible solutions to the lack of regulation of the Spanish supervised release’s execution.
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Vidu Afloarei, Ana, and Gema Tomás Martínez. "The Affirmative “Yes”. Sexual Offense Based on Consent." Masculinities & Social Change 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2019.3779.
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The collective rape case that occurred in Spain during a 2016 famous festival placed the trial against its five aggressors on an unprecedented media and social scale in Spain. The court that ruled for sexual abuse and not for rape sparked a huge and prompt social rejection of the current legislation. To overcome revictimization and give voice to survivors, the consideration of consent has been raised. This new paradigm has deeply spread in society and social networks to the point that the Spanish government has expressed its interest in modifying the Criminal Code to base sexual crimes on consent. In our duty to provide scientific knowledge for this issue, this article frames the debate on sexual harassment and focuses on the crime against sexual freedom and the context under which consent can neither be asked for nor conceived. This article analyzes the aggravating crime factors while basing consent on the intention of the offender. Starting from international approaches, this article emphasizes the current social opportunity needed to create awareness and transform laws with the aim of legislating on affirmative “yes”. This approach contributes to the challenge of overcoming gender violence and to the study of masculinities and their influence on social transformation.
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Morales Hernández, Miguel Ángel. "Los criterios jurisprudenciales para exigir responsabilidad penal a las personas jurídicas en el delito corporativo." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 19 (October 21, 2019): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.19.2018.24420.
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Las recientes reformas del Código Penal Español han supuesto una verdadera revolución en el ámbito de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. A raíz de las mismas, el Tribunal Supremo ha dictado una serie de sentencias que han arrojado bastante luz acerca de cuáles han de ser los elementos o requisitos que configuran la base para la atribución de la responsabilidad penal a la persona jurídica. Analizando dichas sentencias, puede observarse el reconocimiento del delito corporativo, caracterizado por contar con sus propios elementos, distintos a los exigibles a las personas físicas. Pues bien: este trabajo tiene como principal objeto de estudio la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo sobre esta materia con la finalidad de inferir cuál es la posible configuración del delito corporativo en atención a estos pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales, a los principios del derecho penal, así como al propio tenor literal de la ley. Ante esta situación, diferentes autores se han ido posicionando acerca de la fundamentación de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas; así como de la concreta estructura del delito corporativo. Se analizan también sus diferentes puntos de vista señalando que sus visiones del tema son muy dispares.Recent reforms of the Spanish Penal Code have supposed a real revolution in the area of criminal liability of legal entity. As a result of that, the Supreme Court has issued a series of judgments that shed light on which should be the elements or requirements that form the basis for the attribution of criminal responsibility to the legal entity. Analyzing these jurisprudential pronouncements, we can observe the recognition of corporate crime, characterized by having its own elements, different from those required of natural persons. Well, this work has as its main object of study the doctrine of the Supreme Court on this matter with the purpose of inferring what is the possible configuration of the corporate crime in attention to these jurisprudential pronouncements, to the principles of criminal law, as well as to the own literal tenor of the law. Faced with this situation, different authors have been positioning themselves on the basis of the criminal liability of legal entity; as well as the concrete structure of corporate crime. Their different points of view are also analyzed, pointing out that their views on the subject are very different.
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Rico, José M. "L’indemnisation des victimes d’actes criminels." Acta Criminologica 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 261–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017003ar.
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Abstract COMPENSATION TO VICTIMS OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES The system of composition, which was developed during the Middle Ages, especially under Germanic penal law, represents not only an abatement of the system of collective vengeance characteristic of this era, but also the first step towards the principle of compensation to victims of criminal offences. With the development and consolidation of a strong central power, the State asked for a share of these transactions either in the form of sanction or as a price for its intervention. W^hen at last the central government obtained the full and exclusive right to inflict punishment and when private justice gave way to public justice, the State's share of compensation increased progressively and took the form of fines, while the victim's share gradually diminished and withdrew little by little from the penal system to become civil compensation for damages. Nevertheless, the total separation between public action, whose aim is to ensure punishment, and civil action, whose main object is to secure compensation to the victim, did not materialize until very recently. This principle of total separation, which was adopted by the classical school of criminal law, resulted in a complete overlooking of the victim's right to compensation, in daily legal practice. New solutions were therefore proposed to remedy this deficiency in the penal systems, the most original and daring being those to be found in the Spanish Penal Codes of 1822 and 1848 which compel the State to compensate victims of criminal offences when the wrong-doers or other responsible persons are unable to do so. This idea of compensation by the State to victims of crime, although taken lip and elaborated several years later by Bentham and the Italian Positivist School, had absolutely no repercussions as far as practice was concerned. It was only in the second half of the XXth Century that an Englishwoman, Margaret Fry, drew the attention to this problem. Inspired by her compatriot Bentham, Margaret Fry proclaimed that compensation for harm caused to victims of criminal violence should be assumed by the State. This was the starting point of a considerable development in the study of compensation to the victim. During the last ten years, not only were many papers and conferences devoted to the subject, but also many legislations adopted the progressive solution of conferring upon the State the task of compensating the victim of criminal offences. In most contemporary penal legislations, the dissociation between public and civil action has resulted in relegating the subject of compensation solely to the civil domain. A certain number of penal systems (France, Belgium, Germany, etc.), while accepting in principle the civil character of this matter, nevertheless offer the injured party the possibility of bringing his action for damages before criminal courts. A last group of systems (Spain, Italy, Switzerland) treat this problem within the framework of the criminal code, although in most cases they do nothing but repeat analogous paragraphs of the civil code. Upon examining these different methods of coping with the problem of compensating the victim for damages caused by criminal violence, we find that certain reforms were put into effect but that they chiefly hinge upon one preliminary question ~— the means available to the victim for bringing his case before the criminal courts and of engaging in the criminal procedure, to obtain recognition of his rights by the Court. However, it often happens that once the sentence has been passed, the victim is obliged to act on his own to recover the sum of the indemnity. Modern penal law, progressive and innovating as it is in certain respects, often neglects the victim of crime. Certain solutions were proposed and even introduced into positive penal legislations, in view of securing for the injured party, as much as possible, the recovery of the compensation decided upon by the courts in his favour, especially in cases where the offender is destitute. Among such solutions, one should stress legal solidarity between co-delinquents, priority accorded to the compensation debt, accessory imprisonment, compulsory work in prison and in liberty, compulsory insurance and the creation of a compensation fund. Similar proposals tend to consider compensation to the victim as an indispensable condition for the obtainment of certain privileges (pardon, parole, probation, legal rehabilitation, etc.). Due to the insufficiency of the classical systems and of the solutions destinated to secure compensation of the victim by the offender, one again began to wonder whether the State should not undertake the charge of repairing damages caused by crime. The main argument offered in favour of this system is the State's failure in preventing crime and in protecting its citiiens against felonious acts. Despite the numerous criticisms concerning the essentially judicial composition of the courts in charge of the application of the system as well as of the procedure to be followed, the infractions to be compensated, the amount to be paid and the total cost of the system, some countries have recognized the right of the victim to be compensated and consequently adopted measures to enforce this principle (New Zealand, 1963; Great Britain, 1964; States of California and New York, 1966; the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, 1967).
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Brox Sáenz de la Calzada, Alicia Ginebra. "Una aproximación al concepto de género en Derecho Penal francés y español. De la polémica a su validez constitucional | An approach to the gender concept in French and Spanish criminal law. From the controversy to its constitutional validity." Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, no. 40 (June 27, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/cefd.40.13751.
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Resumen: Tras varios meses de debate, Francia acaba de sustituir en el Código Penal la expresión “identidad sexual” por la de “identidad de género”, incluyendo por fin el concepto de género en el texto legal. Este artículo, que es una humilde reflexión sobre la utilidad de dicho reconocimiento, recoge los principales argumentos alegados durante la fase prelegislativa. He realizado el trabajo desde una perspectiva comparada, ya que el debate surgido en el país galo es semejante al que tuvo lugar en España en 2004, cuando se introdujo la perspectiva de género en el Código Penal.
Abstract: After months of debate, the term “sexual identity” stated in the French Penal Code has been replaced with “gender identity”, thus finally incorporating the concept of gender within its legal text. This article, which is a humble reflection about the usefulness of this replacement, gathers the main arguments alleged for during the pre-legislative phase. This research has been carried out from a comparative perspective, since the debate which arose in France is similar to the one which took place in Spain in 2004, when the gender perspective was introduced in the Spanish Penal.
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Brandariz-García, José A. "An enduring sovereign mode of punishment: Post-dictatorial penal policies in Spain." Punishment & Society 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 308–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516681293.
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When analysing the features of the Spanish criminal justice system from the perspective of the late-democratisation of the Spanish polity, the system's evolution is characterised by an almost uninterrupted penal expansionism and a relatively prominent level of severity. This paper examines those features from the viewpoints of the legal reforms, institutional practices and collective perceptions and expectations experienced since the end of the dictatorial period. In addition, the article explores some reasons which may explain the relatively high punitiveness of the Spanish criminal justice system, before adding a coda on the changes of the penal system fostered by the Great Recession.
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Castro Liñares, David. "Profanación, exhumación y violación de los enterramientos: arqueología penal de su regulación en el siglo XIX." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 23 (January 21, 2021): 13–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.23.2020.28126.
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Este trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar el tratamiento penal que durante el siglo XIX se dispensó a los actos indebidos para con el cuerpo y memoria de las personas fallecidas. Para ello, este texto se inicia con un recorrido normativo por los Códigos Penales españoles del siglo XIX (1822-1848-1850-1870) con el propósito de analizar la forma en que el Legislador penal fue incorporando esta cuestión en los distintos textos normativos. A continuación, y como forma de continuar este análisis, se estima adecuado detenerse en las razones político criminales subyacentes a la tipificación de estas conductas. De esta forma, se intenta realizar una aproximación a las lógicas punitivas decimonónicas inherentes a una esfera tan particular como el castigo penal a los actos irrespetuosos para con los difuntos. Por último, se incorpora un apartado conclusivo en el que abordar algunas ideas que, por razón de estructura narrativa no encontraban un acomodo idóneo en otras partes del texto pero que igualmente resultan de importancia para esta propuesta de análisis político-criminal histórico.This work aims to analyse the criminal law treatment that during the 19th century is dispensed to wrongdoing with the body and memory of deceased people. For that purpose, this text begins with a normative view of the Spanish Criminal Codes of the 19th century (1822-1848-1850-1870) in order to investigate how the Criminal Legislator incorporated this issue into the various normative texts. Hereunder, as a way to continue this analysis, it is considered appropriate to dwell on the criminal political reasons typification of these conducts. In this way, an attempt is made to approximate the decimonic punitive logics inherent in an area as particular as criminal punishment to disrespectful acts with the deceased. Finally, a concluding section is incorporated in order to address some ideas that, by reasons of narrative structure, did not find an appropriate accommodation in other parts of the text but which are also relevant for this proposal of historical political-criminal analysis.
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Ubieto Oliván, Alba. "La violencia sexual como violencia de género: una perspectiva desde el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos = Sexual violence as gender-based violence: an international human rights law perspective." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2018.4324.
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Resumen. A raíz de las recientes movilizaciones y reivindicaciones feministas en España y la polémica sentencia del caso la Manada, vuelve a surgir la necesidad de reformar el código penal en lo relativo a la violencia sexual. De acuerdo con los desarrollos del Feminismo Legal, es precisamente en los casos de violencia sexual contra las mujeres donde más interfieren los estereotipos de género, que no sólo influyen en las mentalidades y respuestas de las instituciones, sino que se encuentran enraizados en las propias leyes y normas jurídicas. Con el fin de garantizar una mayor protección a las mujeres supervivientes de violencia sexual en España, urge, por un lado, armonizar la legislación y las prácticas institucionales con los estándares mínimos establecidos en derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Esto permitiría, de entrada, redactar una definición de violencia sexual basada en el consentimiento. Por otro lado, debería considerarse la violencia sexual como una forma de violencia de género, teniendo en cuenta que ésta afecta a las mujeres de forma desproporcionada. Dicha asimilación permitiría brindar mayor protección a las supervivientes y garantizar que sus casos sean tratados con perspectiva de género, es decir, apreciando el contexto de violencia sistémica y desequilibro en las relaciones de poder entre géneros en los que se enmarcan. De lo contrario, se seguirá obstruyendo el derecho de las mujeres a acceder a la justicia.Palabras clave: violencia sexual, violencia de género, estereotipos de género, consentimiento, victimización secundaria, control de convencionalidad. Abstract. Following recent feminist demonstrations and aspirations in Spain, as well as the controversial judgment in the case la Manada, the necessity to reform the Spanish criminal code insofar as it refers to sexual violence becomes increasingly evident. Legal feminist theories suggest that especially cases of sexual violence against women are strongly influenced by gender stereotypes. Such stereotypes do not only influence the institutions’ mentalities and responses, they are embedded in laws and judicial principles. With the purpose of ensuring better protection of sexual violence survivors in Spain it is imperative, on the one hand, to harmonise the legislation and institutional practices with minimum standards established in international human rights law. This would allow for a definition of sexual violence based on consent. On the other hand, sexual violence should be considered as a form of gender-based violence, considering that it affects women disproportionately. Such assimilation would allow for a greater protection of survivors and guarantee that their cases would be treated from a gender perspective, in other words, taking into account the context of systemic violence against women and unequal power relations between genders in which they are inscribed. Otherwise, women’s access to justice will still be obstructed.Keywords: sexual violence, gender-based violence, gender stereotypes, consent, secondary victimisation, conventionality control.
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SAKOVETS, Svetlana Aleksandrovna, Sofya Vladimirovna KUDRYASHOVA, and Marina Georgievna KALININA. "ASPECTS OF TEACHING TRANSLATION IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION (ON THE MATERIAL OF LEGAL TEXTS IN GERMAN AND SPANISH)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 177 (2018): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-177-16-29.
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We analyze methods of teaching foreign legal vocabulary, legal texts translation that are important for the student translation skills development as well as to compare the linguistic and national cultural specifics of German, Spanish and Russian legal texts. The research material is jurisprudence area in German and Spanish and national legal systems since specialized translation requires preliminary (background) knowledge to understand a legal text properly. The students of the legal Spanish/German language must have the language competence allowing to make a translation close to the original text. The research material is the criminal and civil codes of Germany and Spain, dictionaries of legal German and Spanish languages, publications of periodicals, linguistic scientific articles and monographs. The need of study the methods of teaching foreign legal language and translating legal texts is quite evident on the universal contemporary background of the dynamic development of cross-cultural communication. The specifics of the German and Spanish legal languages, their structural and semantic features, functioning and methods of translating the legal texts are not studied thoroughly. This makes our study highly relevant to present works. In the given research we used descriptive and comparative methods, the method of lexicographic selection developed in the analysis of German verbs of possession as well as the interpretative analysis of legal German and Spanish languages.
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Johansson, Märta C. "På spaning efter det offer som ej flytt: Bemästrande av människohandelsoffer och viljans inverkan på lagföringen." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 104, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v104i1.115006.
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Despite the relatively high number of police complaints filed in Sweden for human trafficking, few offenders are prosecuted and convicted. While a third of human trafficking complaints are made for other forms of exploitation, e.g., forced labour, convictions primarily concern trafficking for sexual exploitation plus a few cases of forced begging. The current article examines the absence of prosecutionsand convictions in light of the discussion about the character of the crime and its regulation in the Swedish Criminal Code as a crime against peace and freedom. The author concludes that the limited number of convictions, and their restriction to only two forms of trafficking, are not primarily due to resource constraints.Instead they are due to the perceptions of trafficking held by the Swedish criminal courts and to the courts’ notions of what it means to ‘master’ a victim and the types of evidence required to prove such ‘mastery’.
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Wurcel, Alysse G., Jessica Reyes, Julia Zubiago, Deirdre Burke, Tom Concannon, Karen Freund, John Wong, Curt Beckwith, and Amy LeClair. "299. “Where the Rubber Meets the Road”: Stakeholders’ Perspectives about the Current State of HCV Care Delivery in Massachusetts Jails." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S161—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.374.
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Abstract Background HCV is highly prevalent in criminal-justice involved populations (CJIP). Nationally, the operationalization of guideline-driven HCV care (including testing and treatment) for CJIP has been challenging, prompting this study to understand barriers and facilitators. Methods We used purposeful sampling strategies to recruit key stakeholders including people who are incarcerated, clinicians providing care in jail, clinicians providing care outside of jail, corrections administrators, and representatives of industry, public health and public policy. Semi-structured interviews were performed in Spanish or English, based on preference of participant. Written notes were used to capture details from interviews in jails and interviews outside of jail were recorded. People interviewed outside of jail were offered a stipend. Interviews were coded and analyzed with a compare and consensus approach. Results Of 120 people, 49 (41%) people agreed to be interviewed in each of the stakeholder categories including 21 men who were incarcerated (mean age 32 [IQR 25, 39], 60% non-White). Barriers to HCV care delivery included (1) Fragmented healthcare delivery because of transient nature of CJIP (2) Frustration and disempowerment experienced by people incarcerated in jail and (3) Heterogeneous views on stakeholders responsible for providing and financing HCV care in jails. Facilitators to HCV care delivery included (1) Incarcerated population’s interested in HCV care for public and personal health and (2) An existing strong public health infrastructure in place supporting HIV care delivery. Conclusion Understanding various stakeholders’ views of barriers to HCV care in jails is a necessary first step to building improved care pathways. Mutual recognition may help to focus limited administrative and fiscal resources on HCV care for this transient population. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Jiménez Díaz, Von María José. "Historical Evolution of Crimes of Disrespect. Reasons for its Disappearance in the current Spanish Penal Code." Journal der Juristischen Zeitgeschichte 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjzg-2015-0002.
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AbstractThis paper aims to deepen the historical analysis of the crimes of disrespect in Spanish penal law. This criminal concept, although born surrounded by controversy (1850), remained in force in different criminal codes until its repealing 1995. In particular, a review is made of its treatment in the various penal texts, on which it’s most immediate antecedents were based and identifying the circumstances that once led to its criminalization. The paper ends with some reflections on the reasons that may have led to its decriminalization.
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Posada Pérez, José Antonio. "SISTEMÁTICA LEGAL Y EL BIEN JURÍDICO PROTEGIDO EN EL DELITO DE AMENAZAS." Anales de Derecho 38, no. 1 (September 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.403071.
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Este artículo analiza los diferentes delitos de amenazas contenidos en el Código Penal español. El objetivo de este documento es motivar la producción de estudios científicos sobre este particular tema teniendo en cuenta que no se ha presentado ningún resumen o actualización relevante de los aspectos más importantes de estos delitos durante casi una década. La investigación incluye una referencia al desarrollo histórico de las figuras más un estudio detenido de los delitos de amenazas en la legislación española en vigor. A la hora de interpretar el Código Penal actual, se tienen en cuenta todos los aspectos de cada delito para dilucidar la razón de la prohibición. Además, se hace referencia a la discusión sobre el bien jurídico protegido penalmente con un especial interés. This article analyzes the several crimes of threat contained within the Spanish Criminal Code. The aim of this report is to motivate the production of scientific studies surrounding this particular issue; considering that a relevant resumé or actualization of the most important aspects of these crimes hasn’t been presented for almost a decade. The research includes a reference to the historical development of the offences plus a scanned study of the Spanish law in force regarding crimes of threat. When interpreting the current Criminal Code, every aspect of each crime is considered in order to elucidate the reason of the prohibition. Moreover, there is a special interest in arguing the object of criminal protection.
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Guerra Tschuschke, Alberto. "El silencio administrativo y el delito de prevaricación administrativa." Anales de Derecho 37, no. 1 (November 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesderecho.375701.
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El autor trata de poner en relación una institución básica del Derecho Administrativo, como es el silencio administrativo y sus diferentes efectos jurídicos (producción de verdaderos actos presuntos o mera fictio iuris) con algunos elementos del tipo penal de prevaricación administrativa del artículo 404 del Código Penal español. El contraste es notable, pues el silencio administrativo ha sido técnicamente perfilado a lo largo de décadas de análisis doctrinal y jurisprudencial, mientras que algunos elementos del tipo delictivo permanecen sin refinar, pues hasta muy recientes fechas su aplicación se ha reservado para supuestos muy ostensibles. The author tries to relate a basic institution of administrative law, such as administrative silence and its different legal effects (production of alleged acts or mere fictio iuris) with some elements of the criminal type of administrative prevarication of article 404 of the Spanish Criminal Code. The contrast is remarkable, since the administrative silence has been technically outlined over decades of doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, while some elements of the criminal type remain unrefined, because until very recently its application has been reserved for very ostensible assumptions.
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Ramírez, Rafael Robina. "Teaching ethics through court judgments in Finance, Accounting, Economics and Business." Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, February 27, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v11i1.1938.
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<p>The current environment of business and financial corruption in Spain has increased in recent years. In order to reduce the scope of this problem, the Spanish Criminal Code (L.O. 1/2015) has introduced codes of conduct and ethics to encourage a new culture of respecting laws for companies and employees. An Educational Innovation Group at the University of Extremadura has proposed a cross-sectional model to study ethics, in an effort to address concerns about the consequences of illegal acts in society and companies. Students in Business, Finance and Accounting are required to practice ethical decision-making through court judgments in order to develop “ethical competences”. These competences are included in the European Higher Education Area and the Official University Education in Spain, specifically in the Royal Decree 1393/2007, of 29 October through cross-sectional competences within the academic programmes. The results of the study show that a high percentage of students validate this methodology as a way of improving ethical decision-making skills at University that will be applied to future business practices.</p>
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Martín Hernández, Miguel Ángel. "Factores que pueden incidir en el proceso de atención a un drogodependiente." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 8 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.8.2011.11050.
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Dentro de la Criminología, para algunos autores, la solución a la criminalidad estaría en una mayor punición. Para otros, por el contrario, la solución radicaría en la recuperación de la persona, ya que de esta forma, el binomio toxicómano-delincuente desaparecería. La imputabilidad tiene una íntima relación con las drogodependencias desde el punto de vista de la problemática legal. El ingreso en prisión, en el tema de las drogodependencias, quizás no sea la mejor solución pensando en un futuro, y como una forma de reinsertar al delincuente. El código penal español, prevé la sustitución de las penas privativas de libertad, por las medidas de seguridad previstas en los artículos 95, 96,97 y ss., y 102 y 104. En materia de aplicación de las medidas de seguridad, el código penal de 1995, es más restrictivo. Sin embargo la jurisprudencia viene admitiendo la sustitución de las penas privativas de libertad por las medidas de seguridad, en aquellos supuestos en los cuales se recoja en la sentencia la atenuante grave de drogadicción.In the field of Criminology, part of the literature finds the best approach for the control and prevention of crime in more penalties. Other scholars think that the solution lies in the recuperation of the person. From their point of view, this is a good approach that tries to make the pair addiction-crime disappear. The capacity of culpability is intimately related to addiction from a legal point of view. Prison is not the best way to deal with this problem if one wants to think in the future and rehabilitate the offender. The Spanish Criminal Code considers the substitution of imprisonment penalties with «medidas de seguridad» in articles 95, 96, 97 ss., 102 and 104. Thought the 1995 Criminal code is more restrictive in the issue, Judges and Tribunals do admit the substitution in cases of addiction.
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Gascón-Cuenca, Andrés, Alejando Año-Ibiza, Marcos Diago-Sanz, Olga Lenzi, Lorena Mercader-Jiménez, María Dolores Núñez-Ávila, and Paula Quintana-Nieto. "Present problems to the Right to Peaceful Public Assembly in Spain." Clínica Jurídica per la Justícia Social. Informes 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/clinicajuridica.15142.
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he Public Safety Organic Act 4/2015, also known as Spanish "gag law", has been harshly criticized by both national and international experts, and several worldwide institutions, due to the fact that it may be considered contrary to human rights and fundamental freedoms.
This report focuses on the identification of the standards of protection of the right to peaceful public assembly and the challenges this new regulation poses to it. Therefore, we will cover the following areas:
On the one hand, we shall analyze the Spanish legal framework, that includes the following:
Article 21 of the Spanish Constitution, which offers a special protection to the right to peaceful public assembly.
The constitutional standards of protection.
The problem of the definition of this right.
The case-law of the Constitutional Court, in order to identify the standards of
protection set by it.
Articles 513 and 557 of the Criminal Code.
The Private Security Services Act, as it regulates some aspects that may interfere
with fundamental rights, as the one we are studying in this report.
Finally, we will analyze the regulation established by the new Public Safety Organic Act, entered into force in 2015, and also the Peaceful Public Assembly Regulatory
Act.
On the other hand, we will research into the international standards of protection of the right to peaceful public assembly, which are mainly settled in three international legal instruments: The Human Rights Council, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the European Convention on Humans Rights, and its case-law.
Finally, we shall conclude this report with a critical approach to the new regulation established by the Public Safety Organic Act, as we consider it precludes the standards of protection we will identify throughout the report.
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Serrano Tárraga, María Dolores. "Violencia de género y extraterritorialidad de la ley penal : la persecución de la mutilación genital femenina." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 11 (July 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.11.2012.11155.
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El aumento de los flujos migratorios en las últimas décadas ha hecho que conociéramos en nuestro país y en los de nuestro entorno la mutilación genital femenina, práctica perteneciente a las tradición cultural de algunos grupos de inmigrantes, que constituye una manifestación de violencia de género, un atentado a los derechos humanos de las mujeres y que lesiona bienes jurídicos fundamentales recogidos en la Constitución. La tolerancia y el respeto a la identidad cultural de los inmigrantes tiene como límite el respeto de los derechos fundamentales, por lo que no se pueden admitir como lícitas en nuestro país la mutilación de las mujeres inmigrantes, que en la mayoría de los casos son menores de edad. Desde hace tiempo a nivel mundial se lucha para eliminar estas prácticas. Nuestro país se ha unido a esta lucha y siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales, ha incluido el delito de mutilación genital en el Código penal y en el principio de justicia universal, en virtud de mismo, los Tribunales españoles serán competentes para juzgar las mutilaciones genitales realizadas fuera de nuestro territorio si los responsables se encuentran en España.Increased migration in recent decades has made us to know in our country and in our environment female genital mutilation, a practice belonging to the cultural tradition of some immigrant groups, which are a manifestation of gender violence, a attack on the human rights of women and injured fundamental legal rights enshrined in the Constitution. Tolerance and respect for the cultural identity of immigrants is limited to the respect of fundamental rights and therefore can not be permitted in our country as lawful mutilation of immigrant women, who in most cases are lower of age. It has long worldwide are struggling to eliminate these practices. Our country has joined this struggle and following international recommendations, included the crime of female genital mutilation in the Criminal Code and the principle of universal justice, under it, the Spanish courts are competent to judge genital mutilation carried out our territory if those responsible are in Spain.
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Meseguer González, Juan de Dios. "Los nuevos modi operandi de los ciberdelincuentes durante la crisis económica." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 12 (January 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.12.2013.11704.
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Con el presente artículo, pretendemos dar a conocer el conflicto y los retos tanto policiales como procesales, para hacer frente a un variado e innovador tipo de delincuencia que atenta constantemente «desde el lado oscuro de la red» a los Derechos Fundamentales de nuestros ciudadanos, pero que de manera especial, en los años que llevamos de crisis1 económica, se ha incrementado sustancialmente. Para ello, hemos realizado un estudio técnico informático y procesal penal2, de los fenómenos afectados. Nuestro estudio que se basa fundamentalmente en la experiencia profesional adquirida durante los años precedentes, en contacto con los distintos fenómenos analizados, se sustenta no solo en la investigación sobre fenomenología, sino que además, se sirve de las posturas de quienes, en las áreas tratadas, son especialistas en la materia. Todo ello, para mostrar un trabajo que pretende una exposición específica para el modelo que afecta al código penal español3, siendo conscientes que el estudio no se limita a los conceptos y términos desarrollados, porque para un mayor alcance de la fenomenología analizada, hubiera hecho falta relacionarlo con otros modelos internacionales, al trascender este tipo de delitos y crímenes, las fronteras de los Estados. No obstante, este estudio se concreta por motivos de espacio y objetivos, a la extensión que presentamos. Este artículo tiene tres partes bien diferenciadas. En primer lugar introduce y diferencia una serie de términos relacionados con el fenómeno del ciberdelito y la seguridad cibernética. En segundo lugar, se lleva a cabo un desarrollo desde un punto de vista técnico informático, para tratar la problemática emergente que supone una serie de fenómenos, para los que no existe una concienciación social precisa en nuestra sociedad y que exige una respuesta inmediata y coordinada de todos, para que se adopten las medidas necesarias, no solo por los fans de las redes sociales, sino también por cualquier ciudadano de a pie que use las nuevas tecnologías para usos personales: buscar empleo, llevar a cabo transferencias u operaciones por la web, etc; dado que existe un alarmante crecimiento del modus operandi del ciberdelincuente en el 2012. En tercer lugar, analizamos cuales pueden ser los métodos más eficaces desde el punto de vista jurídico penal4, para combatir y frenar estos ilícitos cibernéticos5. Finalizaremos nuestro estudio, con unas conclusiones.With this article, we aim to raise awareness of the conflict and the challenges both police procedural, to address a varied and innovative type of crime that threatens constantly «from the dark side of the network» fundamental rights of our citizens, but especially so in the years we have economic crisis, has increased substantially. To do this, we studied computer technician and criminal procedure of the phenomena involved. Our study is based primarily on the experience gained during the previous years, in contact with the various phenomena analyzed, is based not just on research on phenomenology, but also uses the positions of those in the treated areas are specialists in the field. All this, to show work that seeks a specific exposure to the model affects the Spanish penal code, be aware that the study is not limited to developed concepts and terms, because for a greater range of phenomenology analyzed, would have needed relate with other international models, to transcend these offenses and crimes, the State boundaries. However, this study is specific for space reasons and objectives, to the extent that we present. This article has three distinct parts. First introduced and unlike a number of terms related to the phenomenon of cybercrime and cybersecurity. Second, it performs a development from a technical standpoint computer, to treat emergent problems involving a series of phenomena, for which there is no precise social awareness in our society and that requires immediate and coordinated response of all, to adopt the necessary measures, not only for fans of social networking, but also for any ordinary citizen to use new technologies for personal: find a job, perform transfers or transactions the web, etc., since there is an alarming growth of cyber criminal modus operandi in 2012. Third, we analyze what may be the most effective from the point of view of criminal law to combat and stop these illegal cyber. Finally we study with conclusions.