Journal articles: 'Spanish literature – 19th century'

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Pluta, Nina. "The New Man in Spanish American Essay and Literature at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century." Politeja 17, no. 1(64) (February 26, 2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.64.13.

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This paper aims to show how the “New Man” was defined in different literary and political conceptions that abounded in Spanish American culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Although both Americas were perceived through the stereotype of newness from the very beginning of the colonial era, it is at the end of the 19th century when the necessity to integrate the extremely heteregenous Spanish American societies brought forth a variety of renewal propositions. Focused on the spiritual or economic aspects of a given social or ethnic group (the elites, implicitly white, for Rodó or the working classes, mostly Indian, for the Indigenistas), those conceptions were not able to provide overall solutions for the Spanish American republics, struggling with a deepening neocolonial dependency. Nevertheless, many tendencies and formulas defined in that period – idealistic or politically subversive – have survived through the 20th century and resurfaced in new forms (e.g. the nuevo hombre bolivariano in Venezuela at the beginning of 21st century).

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Myers, Scott. "A Survey of British Literature on Buenos Aires During the First Half of the 19th Century." Americas 44, no. 1 (July 1987): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006849.

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The British involvement with Argentina has a long and, at times, tumultous history. Dating as far back as the 18th century the Rio de la Plata basin held a great attraction for British merchants. England needed Spanish America as a source of bullion and an outlet for individual goods.As early as the 1540s British vessels explored the coastlines, of Argentina. There already existed a considerable amount of trade between Brazil and England throughout the sixteenth century. The buccaneer William Hawkins, along with other Englishmen, was intent on expanding on this clandestine trade to other areas in the New World. Sometimes with the cooperation of the Spanish authorities, certain British merchants were able to maneuver themselves into the commercial life of these new colonies. By the eighteenth century the British had established numerous slave markets in Hispanic America including one in Buenos Aires.

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Véliz Rojas, Claudio Andrés. "Diálogo transatlántico y heterocaracterización de "lo español" en el periódico chileno "La Semana" (1859-1860)." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 27 (September 26, 2016): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.2017271204.

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El periódico literario chileno La Semana (1859-1860) desde un espacio político cultural tenso como lo fue el término de la guerra civil de 1859, reafirmó un modelo de heterocaracterizaciones para la representación de la literatura española en su campo intelectual. A través de frases tales como: Siglo de oro español escuela para América, Espronceda símbolo de la literatura hispana del siglo XIX y España como representación de un igual/padre para los americanos, esta prensa fundacional y raciocinante (Ossandón B., 1998: 42-47) consolidó una imagen de ‘lo español’ involucrando un diálogo transatlántico entre la unidad cultural americana respecto a la producción literaria española. The Chilean literary journal La Semana (1859-1860) from a tense cultural political space, as it was the end of the civil war of 1859, reaffirmed a model of heterocaracterizations for the representation of Spanish literature in its intellectual field. Through phrases such as: Spanish Golden Century School for America, Espronceda symbol of 19th century Hispanic literature and Spain as a representation of an equal / father for Americans, this foundational and reasoning press (Ossandón B., 1998: 42 -47) consolidated an image of 'the Spanish' involving a transatlantic dialogue between American cultural unity and Spanish literary production.

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Lliteras Poncel, Margarita. "Sobre la formación del corpus de autoridades en la Gramática Española." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.06lli.

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Summary In the Spanish tradition, descriptive grammars based both factually and methodologically on a corpus gleaned from identified contemporary sources, mostly taken from literature, do not appear until the several editions (11831–81847) of the grammar of Vicente Salvâ (1786–1849), and later in that of Andrés Bello (11847–1860). A small part of Salvá’s corpus does come from medieval and renaissance authors, but these are used only to illustrate diachronic change in Spanish. Salvá’s empirical and descriptive approach, and that of other 19th-century Spanish and Spanish American grammarians that follow him, leads to specialization within the wider field of grammar and, as is shown here, syntax is the area that profits the most, both in depth and in size or extension. There is no precedent for this grammaticographical tradition in the Renaissance, when a literary corpus is used only for those parts of the texts that traditionally dealt with metrics and versification. Renaissance grammarians derived the authority of their texts from the transfer of the rules of Latin grammar into Spanish, not from the language of the literary canon. During the 18th-century Enlightenment grammars based on a literary corpus begin to appear, but the authors from whose works the corpus is taken are those of a previous (non-contemporary) period. As shown in this article, it is in the 18th century that descriptivism results in an increase in the importance of syntax, although that increment in size is minor by comparison with that which takes place during the 19th century beginning with the works of Salvá.

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Earle, Peter G., and Doris Meyer. "Rereading the Spanish American Essay. Translations of 19th and 20th Century Women's Essays." Hispanic Review 65, no. 2 (1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/474421.

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Sessarego, Sandro. "Chocó Spanish double negation and the genesis of the Afro-Hispanic dialects of the Americas." Diachronica 34, no. 2 (July 14, 2017): 219–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.2.03ses.

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Abstract Chocó Spanish is an Afro-Hispanic dialect spoken in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. This variety is characterized by the presence of double-negative constructions (neg2) (i.e., yo no como no “I do not eat”), which have repeatedly been classified in the literature as the contemporary traces of a previous Afro-Portuguese creole stage for this vernacular. The present paper provides linguistic and sociohistorical evidence offering an alternative explanation. In particular, neg2 is analyzed as an archaic morphosyntactic trait which already existed in 15th–19th century Spanish and which has been preserved in Chocó Spanish and other conservative Afro-Hispanic vernaculars of Latin America.

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Bagno, V. Ie. "Yasniie Poliany and Petersburg Corners of Russia and Russian Literature (Prophesies and Prognostications of E. Pardo Bazán)." Russkaya literatura 3 (2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-3-74-84.

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The article analyzes E. Pardo Bazán’s concept of Russian literature, as formulated in her book "La Revolución y la Novela en Rusia". The work of the Spanish female writer is considered in the context of the «prophetic» pronouncements of the Russian 19th-century writers regarding the fates of the Russian novel in Europe, as well as in the context of her predecessors’ and contemporaries’ writings, primarily those of E.-M. de Vogüé. The perspective of the perception of the Russian literature abroad in the 20th century, as pre-chartered in Pardo Bazán’s book, is traced, the patterns of her true and false prognostications are identifi ed, including dispute over Tolstoy and Dostoevsky.

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Moyna, María Irene. "Portrayals of Spanish in 19th-century American prose: María Amparo Ruiz de Burton's The Squatter and the Don." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947008092503.

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This article analyzes the portrayals of Spanish in The Squatter and the Don (1885), a novel written in English by María Amparo Ruiz de Burton, a Baja Californian who immigrated to Alta California at the time of its annexation to the USA in 1848 and became the first Hispanic American woman writer. Her novel had an ideological purpose, namely, to denounce the land dispossession of the Californios — i.e. Hispanic settlers in California during the Spanish-Mexican period — and to propose an alliance between the Anglo and Hispanic elites. It also had a financial purpose, since writing was for Ruiz de Burton one of many ways in which she attempted to achieve financial prosperity. The representation of language was thus dictated not just by linguistic or aesthetic considerations, but also by the author's interpretation of the conditions prevalent in late 19th-century California, where Spanish had become subordinate to English. Ruiz de Burton's positive attitude towards bilingualism is revealed in her portrayal of protagonists as proficient in both languages. Yet, her awareness of the biases and limitations of her intended Anglo readership is also evident in the fact that Spanish use in the novel is sporadic and restricted. Comparison of her literary and non-literary code mixing highlights some consistent differences between both text types providing additional evidence of Ruiz de Burton's purposeful manipulation of linguistic codes in her artistic production.

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Fernández, Mauro. "El pidgin chino-español de Manila a principios del siglo XVIII." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0006.

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AbstractDespite the relative abundance of written records from the late 19th century of interactions in Chinese pidgin Spanish (a modified form of Spanish used in business transactions between Chinese merchants in Manila and their customers), few of these texts have made it into the hands ―or research― of Creole experts. Up to now, Chinese pidgin Spanish has been largely dismissed by creolists as an unstable jargon unworthy of their attention. However, the presence and use of stereotypes among the local population, as evidenced by the substantial corpus of surviving documents from this period, demonstrates a certain degree of stability in at least some aspects of the pidgin. The recent discovery of a short dialogue in Chinese pidgin Spanish dating from the early 18th century has pushed the timeline for the language back much further. This article examines the main linguistic features of the dialogue and compares them with those from a century and a half later. The results indicate the prolonged stability of the stereotypes over a period of at least 150 years. The analysis also explores the possible origins of these linguistic forms and how they spread.

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Jaśkowska-Józefiak, Zuzanna. "System prawny archiwów hiszpańskich." Archeion, no. 121 (2020): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.20.008.12965.

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The legal system of the Spanish archives This article presents the legal system of the Spanish archives. Due to the specific nature of Spanish legislation, the article begins with a short introduction characterizing the sources of the Spanish law which regulate the activity of archive facilities. Since certain legal acts introduced back in the 19th century have an impact on statutes and decrees today, the main part of the text is preceded by a short historical analysis discussing legal acts devoted to archiving. The next part of the article analyses applicable nationwide legislation, starting from the Constitution of 1978, which identifies 17 autonomous regions and divides the competences to manage archives between central and regional authorities. Due to the decentralization of the Spanish archive network, the central archive network managed by the state administration and autonomous networks were characterized separately. The text is based on the available source literature and legal acts passed by the central government and autonomous authorities in Spain.

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Jaśkowska-Józefiak, Zuzanna. "System prawny archiwów hiszpańskich." Archeion, no. 121 (2020): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.20.008.12965.

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The legal system of the Spanish archives This article presents the legal system of the Spanish archives. Due to the specific nature of Spanish legislation, the article begins with a short introduction characterizing the sources of the Spanish law which regulate the activity of archive facilities. Since certain legal acts introduced back in the 19th century have an impact on statutes and decrees today, the main part of the text is preceded by a short historical analysis discussing legal acts devoted to archiving. The next part of the article analyses applicable nationwide legislation, starting from the Constitution of 1978, which identifies 17 autonomous regions and divides the competences to manage archives between central and regional authorities. Due to the decentralization of the Spanish archive network, the central archive network managed by the state administration and autonomous networks were characterized separately. The text is based on the available source literature and legal acts passed by the central government and autonomous authorities in Spain.

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Carriscondo-Esquivel, Francisco M. "Los episodios doceañistas y la incorporación de andalucismos al drae (1817)." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.18003.car.

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Abstract In every aspect of life, 19th century Spain was not peaceful. Despite tumultuous times, members of the Real Academia Española (Royal Spanish Academy) managed to publish a new edition of the Diccionario de la lengua castellana ( drae 1817). A notable achievement, they published one of the best editions of the academic dictionary ever. In this paper, I analyze the introduction of words and their meaning from the region of Andalusia. The diatopic labels corresponding to this Spanish region are used widely. I explain the existence of this dialectal lexicon in drae (1817) by connecting it to historical events around 1812. This was the same year when liberal politicians and intellectuals established the Spanish Constitution of 1812 (Constitución política de la monarquía española) in the Andalusian city of Cádiz.

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Papo, Eliezer. "Serbo-Croatian Influences on Bosnian Spoken Judeo-Spanish." European Journal of Jewish Studies 1, no. 2 (2007): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247107783876329.

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AbstractThe sweeping and far-reaching political, economical and demographical changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of 19th, beginning of the 20th century affected profoundly the linguistic situation of the country's Jewish, overwhelmingly Sephardic, minority. Having lost the unity with their brethren on Balkans, the Bosnian Jews had to rely more and more on their relations with other Bosnian ethno-religious communities. It is from this deepened contact with their Serbian, Muslim and Croatian neighbors on one side and from the constant need for new linguistic solutions, brought about by the ever changing reality, that Serbo-Croatian influences (once so superficial) started entering all the spheres of Bosnian Judeo-Spanish, its lexicon, morphology, phonology, syntax, and even grammar. The author analyzes those influences as they are, consciously or unconsciously, reflected in the literature produced by the members of the Sephardic Circle—the Sarajevo-based group of young and idealistic Sephardic intellectuals who tried to fight and prevent the oblivion of Judeo-Spanish language and culture.

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Matrisciano, Sara, and Franz Rainer. "Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille." Romanische Forschungen 133, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/003581221831922391.

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All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

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Menudo, José M., and José María O’Kean. "EDICIONES, REIMPRESIONES Y TRADUCCIONES EN ESPAÑOL DEL TRATADO DE ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE JEAN BAPTISTE SAY." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 37, no. 1 (March 2019): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610918000186.

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AbstractJean-Baptiste Say’s Traité d’économie politique made a profound impact on Spain in the 19th century due to its prominent influence on parliamentary debate and teaching. Probably due to the success achieved in Spain and the numerous editions and translations into Spanish, certain confusion is perceived in the literature. The aim of this article is to clarify the muddle over the different editions of Say’s Traité in Spanish and also the identity of their translators who, in some cases, were obliged to conceal their names because of the obstacles to press freedom. We also conclude that Say’s translation was part of two publishing projects. A teaching project linked to the Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País and a political project due to the fact the Liberal Triennium allowed the exiles to bring new ideas to policy makers and students.

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Palma, J.-A., and F. Palma. "A probable cluster headache case from a textbook of 1726: Francisco Suárez de Rivera’s description." Cephalalgia 31, no. 11 (July 18, 2011): 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411413161.

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Background: Few descriptions of cluster and cluster-like headache made before the 19th century have been reported. Case description: We present a previously unreported early description of a probable cluster headache case made by Francisco Suárez de Rivera (1686− c.1751), one of the main physicians of the Spanish Age of Enlightenment, writer of almost 40 textbooks about medicine, surgery, pharmacology, and therapeutics. Discussion: The depiction here reported of a woman with probable cluster headache is possibly one of the earliest known and, to our knowledge, the first in Hispanic literature. We also review other descriptions of cluster and cluster-like headache from the same time period.

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Закутня, А. Ю. "Printed advertising of the end of the 19th — the first half of the 20th centuries in the context of a search of a source basis for a detailed description of the Ukrainian urban koine of this period." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.6.

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The city as a peculiar form of social organization is interesting for the representatives of many trends of scientific research: economists, sociologists, culturologists, historians, linguists. The subject of our interest is the functioning of the Ukrainian language in the cities of Bukovyna and Galicia at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, in the urban environment of the Ukrainian diaspora settlement. Historical and socio-political conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian city koinй as one of the preconditions for the development of Ukrainian literature (particularly in the territory of Western Ukraine) — are still one of largely unexplored problems of Ukrainian linguistics — in both theoretical and practical aspects, which predetermines the relevance of the topic of our study. The aim of this article is the analysis of Ukrainian advertising texts at the end of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century and identification of such lexical and syntagmatic units that can be classified as elements of the city koine. To perform linguistic analysis we have involved over 80 language units (words, nominative word combinations, word variants) used for the nomination of over 30 items of commodity circulation belonging to the following lexical-semantic groups: names of clothing, footwear and other details of the wardrobe; names of household items of urban dwellers (personal use items). For every word of the aforementioned lexical-semantic groups we have provided illustrating contexts, commentaries concerning the meaning, use, origin, their record in different kinds of dictionaries, sometimes giving information from Polish lexicography, Polish and German electronic corpora. We have analyzed the names of urban life items, documented in the Ukrainian advertisement at the end of the 19thcentury — the first half of the 20th century, that certify that the majority of such names are borrowings adapted on the Ukrainian language background: from German, Polish, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. Mainly Polish and German played an intermediary role in the assimilation of these words. We believe that lexical units and nominative word combinations recorded in the advertising texts of the 19th century — the first half of the 20thcentury, may serve as a basis for the register of lexicographic works of a specialized type, for instance, the Dictionary of Ukrainian Advertisement; the Dictionary of Western Ukrainian Variants of Literary Language of the 19th century — the first half of the 20th century, etc.

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Sekulić, Mirjana. "Фламенко као знак шпанског идентитета у путописима Милоша Црњанског." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 11, no. 4 (January 2, 2017): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v11i4.12.

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Following the postulates of imagology studies, the paper re-evaluates the relationship of Miloš Crnjanski as a writer of travel literature towards those aspects of culture which he recognizes as signs of authentic or "real" Spain in his travel memoirs "In the land of toreadors and sunshine". Flamenco is highlighted as one of the common tropes of travel literature, Andalusian music and dancing, which entranced foreign travellers. Thus the formation of stereotypes about Spain, formed in the 19th century is considered, as well as their endurance or disappearance in the new socio-historical context, seeing as they directed the views of travellers in the first decades of the 20th century. The paper then re-evaluates the cultural, social, political and ideological circumstances in which flamenco became one of the signifiers of Spanish identity in Crnjanski's travel memoirs. One of the conclusions one must come to is that this image of the identity of Spain is built through complex interactions of the image a people has of itself and that which others construct about it.

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Pericchi, Natalia, Bert Cornillie, Freek Van de Velde, and Kristin Davidse. "La duplicación de clíticos en español como estrategia de marcación inversa." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 52, no. 2 (December 8, 2017): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.52.2.04per.

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Abstract Clitic doubling is the phenomenon in which, in a clause, a NP or a stressed pronoun and a clitic pronoun refer to the same entity and have the same syntactic function. Previous studies on this phenomenon in Spanish observe that it takes place when the elements involved have features such as +preposition and +definiteness that make them prone to topicalization, such as with stressed pronouns (Silva-Corvalán, 1984; Melis and Flores, 2009; Vázquez Rozas and García Salido, 2012). However, we have found that in 19th and 20th Century Spanish, doubling often occurs with elements that are not typically topical, such as indefinite NPs. On the basis of a sample of the Argentinian variety from the CORDE and CREA corpora we found that doubling in ditransitive clauses has two functions: it can mark topical indirect objects, but it can also flag inverse distributions which have unexpected promotion of the direct object and demotion of the indirect object in the accessibility scale.

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Barut, Adil Koray. "M. DE FALLA, M. PONCE VE J. RODRIGO’NUN ESERLERİNDE BULUNMUŞ ORTAK TEMATİK MOTİFİN İNCELENMESİ." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 15, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2020.15.4.d0264.

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The Iberian Peninsula has been home to different societies for centuries. With the arrival of Andalusia Umayyads to these lands (711), Eastern culture started to flourish in this geography. Andalusia's architecture, music, literature and popular culture have been able to preserve its traditional structure until today. Towards the end of the 19th century, Spanish piano music started its golden age, and composers used Andalusian folkloric elements in their own musical language. In this study, the characteristics of Spanish music are mentioned, and these musical features are supported by giving examples from the works of Spanish composers. The focus of the study is the common thematic motif which was found in three separate works composed by Manuel de Falla (1876-1946), Manuel Ponce (1882-1948), and Joaquin Rodrigo (1901-1909). These works are respectively En los Jardines de la Cierra de Cordoba part of Noches en las Jardines de Espana, the first movement of Concierto del Sur (Allegro moderato) and the last movement of Concierto para una Fiesta (Allegro moderato). The thematic motif in the mentioned works has the same sound material and rhythmic structure. Distinctive aspects of this motif specific to Andalusia have been investigated.

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Martínez-Atienza, María. "Marcas de ideología religiosa en la lexicografía decimonónica." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0005.

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Abstract In this paper we analyze the religious ideology present in four dictionaries of Spanish published in the 19th century, specifically in the second half (1846 is the year for the publication of the first and 1895 for the last). To do this, we will refer to the context in which these works were published, and we will also refer to the ideology of the authors. On one hand, we will study the macrostructure of the dictionaries, particularly the prologues of the works and, on the other hand, the microstructure; in this respect we will select a series of lexicographical entries that reflect the ideology present in the dictionaries and we will check whether there is correspondence between the declaration of intentions of the prologues and the content of such entries.

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Coletes-Blanco, Agustín. "A Forgotten ‘Romantic’ Excursion: Joseph Blanco White's A Journey to the Trosacks in 1816." Romanticism 27, no. 2 (July 2021): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2021.0510.

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In 1816 Joseph Blanco White visited the Trossachs, having travelled to Edinburgh as a member of the household of Lord and Lady Holland. Soon afterwards he wrote A Journey to the Trosacks in 1816, a short but fascinating account of his trip which has remained unpublished until now. Lucidly penned, this autograph text shows admiration for the Scottish wilderness and interest in technological feats such as the steamboat that he takes on the Firth of Forth, an absolute novelty at the time. Observations on Highlands customs and language, and literary allusions to Sterne, Scott, Johnson and Boswell add to the interest of this forgotten piece, as do remarks about John Murray the publisher and Dugald Stewart the philosopher. The aim of this article is to present for the first time this work as a document of literary and cultural importance, given the renewed interest of Romantic era scholarship in travel writing and in Blanco White, the most important Spanish cultural mediator in Britain during the first decades of the 19th century.

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Łuczak, Barbara. "La representación de la sexualidad vegetal en Las bodas de las plantas de José de Viera y Clavijo." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.474.005.

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The objective of the article is to analyse the way the sexuality of plants is presented in the poem Las bodas de las plantas by José de Viera y Clavijo (1731-1813). The author of this didactic poem written in the early 19th century refers to some aspects of Linnaeus’ taxonomic system founded on the concept of “nuptiae plantarum” (the marriages of plants). We argue that Viera’s description of the anatomy and physiology of the plant’s reproductive parts, albeit reflecting scientific knowledge of his time, possessed some unique features. In particular, depicting the deeply sexualized portrait of the second kingdom thatbemerges from the Linnaeus’ treatises, the Spanish author tries to “save” the “innocence” of the plants, following a long tradition of their representation in the Western culture. To this end, he complements the picture of plants’ sexuality and reproduction by the idea of plants’ maternity.

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Toledano Buendia, Carmen. "Robinson Crusoe Naufraga en Tierras Españolas." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 47, no. 1 (December 31, 2001): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.47.1.05tol.

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The incorporation of English novels into the Spanish literary system during the 18th century is characterized, in general terms, by their late appearance, especially if a comparison is drawn with other European countries, and by French mediation. One of the most illustrative examples is the assimilation process followed by Robinson Crusoe. This work, written by Daniel Defoe in 1719, appears for the first time in Spain in 1826 — more than 100 years after it was originally written — in an abridged version for children. This paper aims to explore some of the many factors that may play a part in the late appearance of this novel and its reception as a juvenile or children’s book. Apart from the sociopolitical circumstances that turned Spain into a country which was very suspicious of foreign influence, an important factor to take into account is the influence of the French mediation. The introductory role played by mediator systems involves a filtered way of access through which the mediating culture reveals its own points of view and aesthetic criteria. Most of the 19th-century Spanish translations of Robinson Crusoe are secondhand translations from French and inherit the didactic and moralizing interpretation that the French makes of Robinson Crusoe. But the reading of Defoe’s work as juvenile or children’s literature is not only the result of the mediator system; it is also a consequence of the literary tradition to which the text is attached. When this work was imported there was an established tradition of Robinsonades that influenced its reading and interpretation and had created a particular set of expectations in the reader. This study also tries to analyze the different strategies used by Spanish translators in order to adapt Defoe’s novel to the poetic and ideological expectations of its potential readers and to the new function assigned to the text in the new cultural context.

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Daux, V., I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, P. Yiou, I. Chuine, E. Garnier, E. Le Roy Ladurie, O. Mestre, and J. Tardaguila. "An open-database of Grape Harvest dates for climate research: data description and quality assessment." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 6 (November 15, 2011): 3823–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-3823-2011.

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Abstract. We present a dataset of grape harvest dates (GHD) series that has been compiled from international and non-translated French and Spanish literature and from unpublished documentary sources from public organizations and from wine-growers. As of June 2011, this GHD dataset comprises 378 series mainly from France (93% of the data) as well as series from Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Luxembourg. The series have variable length and contain gaps of variable sizes. The longest and most complete ones are from Burgundy, Switzerland, Southern Rhône valley, Jura and Ile-de-France. The GHD series were grouped into 27 regions according to their location, to geomorphological and geological criteria, and to past and present grape varieties. The GHD regional composite series (GHD-RCS) were calculated and compared pairwise to assess the quality of the series. Significant (p-value < 0.001) and strong correlations exist between most of them. As expected, the correlations tended to be higher when the vineyards are closer, the highest correlation (R = 0.91) being obtained between the High Loire Valley and the Ile-de-France GHD-RCS. The strong dependence of vine cycle on temperature and, therefore, the strong link between GHD and the temperature of the growing season was also used to test the quality of the GHD series. The strongest correlations are obtained between the GHD-RCS and the temperature series of the nearest weather stations. Moreover, the GHD-RCS/temperature correlation maps show spatial patterns similar to temperature correlation maps. The stability of the correlations over time is explored. The most striking feature is their generalized deterioration at the late 19th–early 20th turning point. The possible effects on the GHD of the phylloxera crisis, which took place at this time, are discussed. The median of the standardized GHD-RCS was calculated. The distribution of the extreme years of this general synthetic series is not homogenous. Extremely late years all occur during a two-century long time-window from the early 17th to the early 19th century, while extremely early years are frequent during the 16th and since the mid-19th century. The dataset is made accessible for climate research through the Internet. It should allow a variety of climate studies, including reconstructions of atmospheric circulation over Western Europe.

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Daux, V., I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, P. Yiou, I. Chuine, E. Garnier, E. Le Roy Ladurie, O. Mestre, and J. Tardaguila. "An open-access database of grape harvest dates for climate research: data description and quality assessment." Climate of the Past 8, no. 5 (September 3, 2012): 1403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012.

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Abstract. We present an open-access dataset of grape harvest dates (GHD) series that has been compiled from international, French and Spanish literature and from unpublished documentary sources from public organizations and from wine-growers. As of June 2011, this GHD dataset comprises 380 series mainly from France (93% of the data) as well as series from Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Luxemburg. The series have variable length (from 1 to 479 data, mean length of 45 data) and contain gaps of variable sizes (mean ratio of observations/series length of 0.74). The longest and most complete ones are from Burgundy, Switzerland, Southern Rhône valley, Jura and Ile-de-France. The most ancient harvest date of the dataset is in 1354 in Burgundy. The GHD series were grouped into 27 regions according to their location, to geomorphological and geological criteria, and to past and present grape varieties. The GHD regional composite series (GHD-RCS) were calculated and compared pairwise to assess their reliability assuming that series close to one another are highly correlated. Most of the pairwise correlations are significant (p-value < 0.001) and strong (mean pairwise correlation coefficient of 0.58). As expected, the correlations tend to be higher when the vineyards are closer. The highest correlation (R = 0.91) is obtained between the High Loire Valley and the Ile-de-France GHD-RCS. The strong dependence of the vine cycle on temperature and, therefore, the strong link between the harvest dates and the temperature of the growing season was also used to test the quality of the GHD series. The strongest correlations are obtained between the GHD-RCS and the temperature series of the nearest weather stations. Moreover, the GHD-RCS/temperature correlation maps show spatial patterns similar to temperature correlation maps. The stability of the correlations over time is explored. The most striking feature is their generalised deterioration at the late 19th–early 20th century. The possible effects on GHD of the phylloxera crisis, which took place at this time, are discussed. The median of all the standardized GHD-RCS was calculated. The distribution of the extreme years of this general series is not homogenous. Extremely late years all occur during a two-century long time window from the early 17th to the early 19th century, while extremely early years are frequent during the 16th and since the mid-19th century.

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Palma, Luís Manuel. "Tracking the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey across the Atlantic: hints from language, literature, history and geography." Arquivos de Zoologia 48, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v48i1p115-130.

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Guincho, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is unique and ancestral. It is found in several sorts of fictional literature from the 16th up to the early 20th centuries in the form of a metaphor born from an old popular proverb. The first time the name appears as the vernacular designation of the osprey is in a 17th falconry treatise, and then in old dictionaries and early ornithological monographs and catalogues throughout the 18th to early 20th centuries. In Portugal, however, the name barely survives, partly due to the species demise in the country during the 20th century, but mainly because it was gradually replaced by an erudite term in ornithological literature since the middle 19th century. However, given the conspicuousness of the species and its nests, the name and its composites are retained in a number of places along the coast. And, following the Portuguese diaspora of the 16th-18th centuries, the term spread to the archipelagos of Madeira, Cape Verde and the Canaries where it impregnated the local vocabulary and again gave the name to many coastal places. Then, it moved from the Canaries to the Spanish speaking areas of the Caribbean riding the mass migration of Canary Islanders to the new colonies. In consequence, the traditional Portuguese name of the osprey is still fully used in several island countries across the Atlantic. The remarkable presence of the ancestral Portuguese name of the osprey in language, literature and geography allows its rehabilitation as the proper popular name of the species and sanctions its legitimacy as a tool for reconstructing the ancient historical ranges of the osprey. Ultimately, revaluing the name is also a matter of cultural preservation, which compliments and enriches the current efforts for the species recovery in Portugal.

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Ruíz Cáceres, Rocío. "Moda y literatura. un caso paradigmático: Juan Valera." Monteagudo 24 (October 23, 2019): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/monteagudo.400241.

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Los novelistas españoles del siglo XIX conceden gran importancia a la moda, a la forma de vestir como distinción social. El tema del «quiero y no puedo», entre otros, será un aspecto que dicte la conducta de numerosos personajes de ficción en la novela realista-naturalista. En el presente estudio se analiza la presencia de la moda en las novelas de Valera desde una doble óptica: la epistolar, correspondiente a sus cartas en las que se refleja la moda, y la narrativa, fundamentalmente sus novelas Pepita Jiménez, Doña Luz, Las ilusiones del doctor Faustino, Juanita la Larga y Genio y figura Spanish novelists from the 19th century give great importance to the fashion, the way of dressing as a social distinction. the issue of «I would like to, but I’m not able to», among others, it will be an aspect that dictate the behavior of many fictional characters in the realist-naturalist novel. this research analyses the presence of fashion in Valera’s novels from a double perspective: the epistolary, corresponding to his letters in which fashion is reflected, and the narrative, mainly his novels Pepita Jiménez, Doña Luz, Las ilusiones del doctor Faustino, Juanita la Larga and Genio y figura.

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Olariaga, Ibai, Graciela Paz-Bermúdez, Javier Calvo, Javier Etayo, and María Prieto. "Rediscovery of the endangered lichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in mainland Spain." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 77, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): e099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2558.

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Lichens, as well as other organisms, should be considered important biodiversity components for the establishment of priorities in conservation biology. In this study, we report six new recent localities of the highly endangered, epiphytic macrolichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata in Spain: two in Navarra and four in A Coruña. Previous Spanish reports based on literature and herbarium specimens suggest a reduction of the distribution area of P. aurata and local extinction. Pseudocyphellaria aurata is known to be extinct in six localities, where it has not been observed since the middle of the 19th century (Cádiz, Pontevedra, Málaga). Four records reported for central Spain (Zaragoza, Salamanca, Teruel) are considered unplausible. The newly discovered populations are located in well-preserved patches of atlantic deciduous forest with strong oceanic influence, whose long-term ecological stability seems evident because of the presence of ancient trees. Nevertheless, these populations are small, fragmentary, and are threatened by habitat degradation, forestry and maybe fungal pathogens. Two populations, Intzola and Beba (Navarra and A Coruña, respectively), account for 75.7% of thalli. The localities with the highest number of trees colonized by P. aurata are Santa Leocadia and Beba in A Coruña. We reassessed the conservation status of this species concluding that conservation initiatives must be implemented to avoid its extinction in mainland Spain.

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Kacprzak, Marta. "La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: Sephardi Versions of Robinson Crusoe." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 9 (December 31, 2020): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2020.014.

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La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: Sephardi Versions of Robinson CrusoeIn the second half of the 19th century the Haskalah, an intellectual movement whose objective was to educate and westernize Eastern European Jews, also reached the Sephardic communities in the Ottoman Empire. As a result, there emerged Sephardic modern secular literature, represented mainly by narrative fiction, theatre plays and press. It should be added that modern Sephardic literature is primarily based on translations or adaptations of Western novels. Among these texts we find Sephardic editions of classics of European literature, such as Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe and Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift.I have found four different versions of Robinson Crusoe that were written in Judeo-Spanish and edited in aljamía. Two of them were published serially in Sephardi press, one in Salonica in 1881 and the other in Constantinople in 1900. The other two editions were prepared by Ben Tsiyon Taragan and published as complete versions, the first one in Jerusalem in 1897 and the second one in Constantinople in 1924. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of the Sephardic adaptations of Robinson Crusoe by Taragan. La ermoza istorya de Robinzon o la mizerya: sefardyjska wersja Robinsona CrusoeHaskala, zwana także Żydowskim Oświeceniem, to ruch intelektualny, którego celem było odrodzenie kulturowe i społeczne Żydów z EuropyWschodniej oraz ich integracja ze środowiskiem lokalnym. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku Haskala objęła także społeczność Żydów sefardyjskich zamieszkujących tereny należące do Imperium Osmańskiego, w wyniku czego powstała współczesna, świecka literatura sefardyjska reprezentowana głównie przez prozę, sztuki teatralne oraz prasę. Warto dodać, że współczesna literatura sefardyjska oparta jest przede wszystkim na przekładach lub adaptacjach powieści uważanych za klasykę literatury europejskiej, takich jak Romeo i Julia Williama Szekspira, Robinson Crusoe Daniela Defoe czy Podróże Guliwera Jonathana Swifta.W trakcie prowadzonych przeze mnie badań natrafiłam na cztery różne judeo-hiszpańskie wersje Robinsona Crusoe, które zapisane zostały alfabetem hebrajskim, tzw. pismem Rasziego. Dwie z nich ukazały się w prasie sefardyjskiej, jako powieść w odcinkach, pierwsza w Salonikach w 1881 r., a druga w Konstantynopolu w 1900 r. Pozostałe dwie, autorstwa Ben Tsiyona Taragana, zostały wydane w całości, pierwsza w Jerozolimie w 1897 r., druga zaś w Konstantynopolu w 1924 r. Celem tego artykułu jest prezentacja oraz krótka analiza sefardyjskich adaptacji Robinsona Crusoe autorstwa B. T. Taragana.

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Richalet, Jean-Paul. "The invention of hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 130, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00936.2020.

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The word “hypoxia” has recently come to the attention of the general public on two occasions, the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2019 and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In the academic environment, hypoxia is a current topic of research in biology, physiology, and medicine: in October 2020, there were more than 150,000 occurrences of “hypoxia” in the PubMed database. However, the first occurrence is dated to 1945, while the interest for the effects of oxygen lack on the living organisms started in the mid-19th century, when scientists explored high altitude regions and mainly used the terms “anoxia” or “anoxemia.” I therefore researched online through multiple databases to look for the first appearance of “hypoxia” and related terms “hypoxemia” and “hypoxybiosis” in scientific literature published in English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish. Viault and Jolyet used “Hypohématose” in 1894, but this term has not been used since. Hypoxybiosis first appeared in 1909 in Germany, then hypoxemia in 1923 in Austria, and hypoxia in 1938 in Holland. It was then exported to the United States where it appeared in 1940 in cardiology and anesthesiology. The clinical distinction between anoxia and hypoxia was clearly defined by Carl Wiggers in 1941. Hypoxia (decrease in oxygen), by essence variable in time and in localization in the body, in contrast with anoxia (absence of oxygen), illustrates the concept of homeodynamics that defines a living organism as a complex system in permanent instability, exposed to environmental and internal perturbations.

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Bettaglio, Marina. "Locuras detectivescas en La detective miope de Rosa Ribás." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 3 (May 23, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v3i0.625.

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Resumen: En La detective miope la escritora española Rosa Ribás lleva a cabo una inversión paródica de las normas de la literatura detectivesca al crear una investigadora privada recién salida de una institución psiquiátrica. A diferencia de los métodos deductivos empleados por eminentes detectives del siglo XIX, Irene Ricart subvierte las leyes de la lógica al resolver el enigma del brutal asesinato del que fueron víctimas su esposo y su hija. Mientras su vista se va deteriorando progresivamente, esta detective tan peculiar logra desenmascarar a los culpables del doble asesinato y acabar con los asesinos en una trama circular marcada por la locura. Questioning Rationality in Rosa Ribas’ La detective miope Abstract: In La detective miope, Spanish writer Rosa Ribás carries out a parodic inversion of the norms of detective fiction by giving voice to a private investigator, who has been recently released from a mental institution. Contrary to the deductive methods employed by eminent 19th century detectives, Ribás nearsighted private eye Irene Ricart subverts every law of logic to solve the enigma of her daughter and husband’s brutal killing. As her eyesight deteriorates, this unconventional detective unmasks a network of criminal activities, kills the killers and ends full circle in the same clinic where she originally was at the beginning of the novel.

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Burduck, M. L. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 239–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1164666.

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Witschi, N. S. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1264810.

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Witschi, N. S. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1546865.

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Burduck, M. L. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2010, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1589063.

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Hayes, Kevin J. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 1998, no. 1 (September 1, 2000): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1998-1-213.

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Oggel, Terry. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 1998, no. 1 (September 1, 2000): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1998-1-235.

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Wortham, T. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 1999, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1999-1-243.

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Oggel, T. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 1999, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-1999-1-259.

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Kennedy, J. G. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2000, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2000-1-227.

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Kiskis, M. J. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2000, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2000-1-253.

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Kennedy, J. G. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 251–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2001-1-251.

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Kiskis, M. J. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2001-1-281.

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Sattelmeyer, R. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2002, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2002-1-215.

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Nordloh, D. J. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2002, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2002-1-237.

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Sattelmeyer, R. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2003-1-243.

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Kiskis, M. J. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2003-1-275.

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Piacentino, E. "Early-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2004, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 241–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2005-006.

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Witschi, N. S. "Late-19th-Century Literature." American Literary Scholarship 2004, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-2005-011.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spanish literature – 19th century'

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