Journal articles: 'Spatial Behaviors'

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Ondia, Eric Prince, Sirimas Hengrasmee, and Sant Chansomsak. "Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces." YBL Journal of Built Environment 6, no. 1 (April 17, 2018): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbe-2018-0002.

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Abstract This paper aims to examine whether there is a direct relationship between spatial configuration and users’ behaviors in co-working spaces, and if so, how this environment and behavior relationship impacts their working process. The study employed ethnographic qualitative strategy as the general method of inquiry and used visual documentation, direct observations, and behavioral mapping as methods of data collection in two case studies. Analysis of the findings demonstrates that design elements such as barriers and fields are powerful tools for influencing and guiding users’ behavior within coworking spaces. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between design and behavioral patterns in co-working spaces. The research insights in this study may inform architects, policymakers and facility managers in making conscious decisions on the design of co-working spaces that are more meaningful to the users.

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Moffitt, Jeffrey R., Dhananjay Bambah-Mukku, Stephen W. Eichhorn, Eric Vaughn, Karthik Shekhar, Julio D. Perez, Nimrod D. Rubinstein, et al. "Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region." Science 362, no. 6416 (November 1, 2018): eaau5324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5324.

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The hypothalamus controls essential social behaviors and homeostatic functions. However, the cellular architecture of hypothalamic nuclei—including the molecular identity, spatial organization, and function of distinct cell types—is poorly understood. Here, we developed an imaging-based in situ cell-type identification and mapping method and combined it with single-cell RNA-sequencing to create a molecularly annotated and spatially resolved cell atlas of the mouse hypothalamic preoptic region. We profiled ~1 million cells, identified ~70 neuronal populations characterized by distinct neuromodulatory signatures and spatial organizations, and defined specific neuronal populations activated during social behaviors in male and female mice, providing a high-resolution framework for mechanistic investigation of behavior circuits. The approach described opens a new avenue for the construction of cell atlases in diverse tissues and organisms.

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Zhang, Yan. "Using Virtual Reality to Determine how Visual Factors Impact Pedestrian Behavior - A Case Study in Hubin Road, China." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1181.

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This paper investigates a comprehensive system to apply the spatial-temporal grid method based on a visual, virtual model to collect adequate information for an in-depth understanding of pedestrian behavior affected by the landscape elements in an empirical study of the Hubin Road area (closed to West Lake) of Hangzhou, Capital of Zhejiang Province, one of most famous tourist cities in China. Using some well-known benchmarks of pedestrian practices, the paper presents the temporal distributions of walking activities and behaviors. This paper has four parts: (1) introduces the present research on the spatial-temporal method and the problems with the concept to analyze the effects on the pedestrian behavioral study, (2) defines the new model assembled by spatial modeling linked QTVR technology for presenting pedestrian behaviors in central sightseeing destinations, (3) summarizes the results of sequential pedestrian movement collected from the spatial-temporal grid investigation and the virtual experiences during sightseeing and strolling activities on the case study area, and finally, (4) make suggestions for the spatial planning of the study area, and implementing a vision of future studies based on this system.

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Burns, Jonathan A. "What about Behavior?: Methodological Implications for Rockshelter Excavation and Spatial Analysis." North American Archaeologist 26, no. 3 (July 2005): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9q1b-utm1-khq1-lyny.

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Traditionally, archaeologists have used excavation data from Pennsylvania rockshelters to establish local and regional chronologies; however, these data sets do not lend themselves to behavioral or formational interpretations due to the scale of recovery resolution used. Behaviorally indicative evidence is apparent in contiguous block excavations using analytic units measuring 50 cm × 50 cm × 5 cm for lot collection. At least three specific behaviors—hunting gear maintenance, bone processing, and activity area maintenance—can be recovered from analytic units that result in structured spatial patterning that goes undetected at 1 m collection resolution. Behaviors universal to hunter-gatherers are indicated by the distributions of small artifacts (< 1 cm) of various classes. A current challenge in the discipline of archaeology is relating behavioral theory to the interpretation of structured remains of prehistoric hunter-gatherer occupations. This research highlights these behaviors and the relevant literature pertaining to their archaeological spatial signatures.

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Wang, Xu-Wen, Luo-Luo Jiang, Sen Nie, and Bing-Hong Wang. "Uncovering cooperative behaviors with sparse historical behavior data in the spatial games." Applied Mathematics and Computation 271 (November 2015): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2015.09.023.

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Yang, Lixin, Xianmin Zhang, and Yanjiang Huang. "Dynamic analysis of open-loop mechanisms with multiple spatial revolute clearance joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218757810.

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Dynamic model of a typical open-loop mechanism with multiple spatial revolute clearance joints were established based on the Newton–Euler equations and the Hertzian contact deformation theory. An augmented constraint violation correction method was presented to solve the nonlinear dynamic equations of motion, which improved the global convergence and stability effectively. The nonlinear dynamic behaviors of a serial robot manipulator with two spatial revolute clearance joints were studied to demonstrate the effects of the location and coupling relationship of the clearance joints. Numerical results show that the influence of spatial revolute clearance joint on the dynamic behaviors of the open-loop mechanism is relatively stronger than that of the planar ones. The location of the spatial revolute clearance joints is an important factor to dynamic behavior of the system. The closer the spatial revolute clearance joint is to the end-effector, the stronger influence it has on the system. The spatial revolute clearance joints interact significantly with each another, which exhibits vigorous vibration with a higher frequency, larger amplitude, and deeper penetration. This work provides new insights into investigating the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the systems with spatial revolute clearance joints.

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Fornara, Ferdinando, Giuseppe Carrus, Paola Passafaro, and Mirilia Bonnes. "Distinguishing the sources of normative influence on proenvironmental behaviors." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 14, no. 5 (September 2011): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430211408149.

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The aim of this study was to assess whether different kinds of social norms make a distinct contribution and are differently associated to a place-related behavior, such as household waste recycling. The construct of “local norms” is introduced to identify the normative influence that derives from people sharing the same spatial-physical setting. This kind of influence is expected to hold particular relevance when dealing with individual behaviors that have spatially defined collective implications. Participants were 452 residents of various Italian cities, who filled in a questionnaire measuring intentions to recycle, attitudes towards recycling, perceived behavioral control, and 4 kinds of norms stemming from a 2 x 2 combination (i.e., injunctive vs. descriptive, and subjective vs. local norms). Structural equation modelling analyses confirmed the empirical distinction of the 4 kinds of norms, and showed their independent effects on recycling intentions. In particular, descriptive norms (both subjective and local) emerged as powerful predictors of the target proenvironmental behavior, both directly and indirectly through their influence on perceived behavioral control. The implications of the distinction among different kinds of social norms and their relationship with the other dimensions are discussed.

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Regier, Paul S., Seiichiro Amemiya, and A. David Redish. "Hippocampus and subregions of the dorsal striatum respond differently to a behavioral strategy change on a spatial navigation task." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 3 (September 2015): 1399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00189.2015.

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Goal-directed and habit-based behaviors are driven by multiple but dissociable decision making systems involving several different brain areas, including the hippocampus and dorsal striatum. On repetitive tasks, behavior transitions from goal directed to habit based with experience. Hippocampus has been implicated in initial learning and dorsal striatum in automating behavior, but recent studies suggest that subregions within the dorsal striatum have distinct roles in mediating habit-based and goal-directed behavior. We compared neural activity in the CA1 region of hippocampus with anterior dorsolateral and posterior dorsomedial striatum in rats on a spatial choice task, in which subjects experienced reward delivery changes that forced them to adjust their behavioral strategy. Our results confirm the importance of the hippocampus in evaluating predictive steps during goal-directed behavior, while separate circuits in the basal ganglia integrated relevant information during automation of actions and recognized when new behaviors were needed to continue obtaining rewards.

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Dunn, N. A., J. S. Conery, and S. R. Lockery. "Circuit Motifs for Spatial Orientation Behaviors Identified by Neural Network Optimization." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 2 (August 2007): 888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00074.2007.

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Spatial orientation behavior is universal among animals, but its neuronal basis is poorly understood. The main objective of the present study was to identify candidate patterns of neuronal connectivity (motifs) for two widely recognized classes of spatial orientation behaviors: hill climbing, in which the organism seeks the highest point in a spatial gradient, and goal seeking, in which the organism seeks an intermediate point in the gradient. Focusing on simple networks of graded processing neurons characteristic of Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes, we used an unbiased optimization algorithm to seek values of neuronal time constants, resting potentials, and synaptic strengths sufficient for each type of behavior. We found many different hill-climbing and goal-seeking networks that performed equally well in the two tasks. Surprisingly, however, each hill-climbing network represented one of just three fundamental circuit motifs, and each goal-seeking network comprised two of these motifs acting in concert. These motifs are likely to inform the search for the real circuits that underlie these behaviors in nematodes and other organisms.

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Shin, Jong Cheol, Mei-Po Kwan, and Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint. "Do Spatial Boundaries Matter for Exploring the Impact of Community Green Spaces on Health?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 7529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207529.

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Green space exposure is thought to have a positive influence on physical activity behavior and overall health. However, the literature remains equivocal, and green space measurement methods remain complicated. Using data from the Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study examines the influence of green space on health-related factors, such as exercise, physical health, and mental health. Moreover, we explore the methods for measuring community green space via various spatial boundaries and green space resources. The results show that combining two contextually designated census boundaries and a measure of green space with seasonality were the best spatial conceptualizations for capturing community green space. Moreover, the findings showed a positive influence of green space exposure on health outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of considering geographic contexts of daily human behaviors and green space seasonality in providing a better understanding of the influence of community activity space on environmental exposure measurement. Further, this work contributes to community planning for encouraging health-promoting behaviors.

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Munion, Ascher K., Jeanine K. Stefanucci, Ericka Rovira, Peter Squire, and Michael Hendricks. "Gender differences in spatial navigation: Characterizing wayfinding behaviors." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, no. 6 (August 20, 2019): 1933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01659-w.

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Lipinski, John, Sebastian Schneegans, Yulia Sandamirskaya, John P. Spencer, and Gregor Schöner. "A neurobehavioral model of flexible spatial language behaviors." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 38, no. 6 (2012): 1490–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022643.

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Clark, Amy E. "Using spatial context to identify lithic selection behaviors." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 24 (April 2019): 1014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.03.011.

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Caulfield, Meghan D., Peii Chen, Michele M. Barry, and A. M. Barrett. "Which perseverative behaviors are symptoms of spatial neglect?" Brain and Cognition 113 (April 2017): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.11.002.

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Panchuk, D., and J. N. Vickers. "Gaze behaviors of goaltenders under spatial–temporal constraints." Human Movement Science 25, no. 6 (December 2006): 733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2006.07.001.

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Verma, Archit, Siddhartha G. Jena, Danielle R. Isakov, Kazuhiro Aoki, Jared E. Toettcher, and Barbara E. Engelhardt. "A self-exciting point process to study multicellular spatial signaling patterns." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 32 (August 6, 2021): e2026123118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026123118.

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Multicellular organisms rely on spatial signaling among cells to drive their organization, development, and response to stimuli. Several models have been proposed to capture the behavior of spatial signaling in multicellular systems, but existing approaches fail to capture both the autonomous behavior of single cells and the interactions of a cell with its neighbors simultaneously. We propose a spatiotemporal model of dynamic cell signaling based on Hawkes processes—self-exciting point processes—that model the signaling processes within a cell and spatial couplings between cells. With this cellular point process (CPP), we capture both the single-cell pathway activation rate and the magnitude and duration of signaling between cells relative to their spatial location. Furthermore, our model captures tissues composed of heterogeneous cell types with different bursting rates and signaling behaviors across multiple signaling proteins. We apply our model to epithelial cell systems that exhibit a range of autonomous and spatial signaling behaviors basally and under pharmacological exposure. Our model identifies known drug-induced signaling deficits, characterizes signaling changes across a wound front, and generalizes to multichannel observations.

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Khoi, Ngo, and Sven Casteleyn. "Analyzing Spatial and Temporal User Behavior in Participatory Sensing." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090344.

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The large number of mobile devices and their increasingly powerful computing and sensing capabilities have enabled the participatory sensing concept. Participatory sensing applications are now able to effectively collect a variety of information types with high accuracy. Success, nevertheless, depends largely on the active participation of the users. In this article, we seek to understand spatial and temporal user behaviors in participatory sensing. To do so, we conduct a large-scale deployment of Citizense, a multi-purpose participatory sensing framework, in which 359 participants of demographically different backgrounds were simultaneously exposed to 44 participatory sensing campaigns of various types and contents. This deployment has successfully gathered various types of urban information and at the same time portrayed the participants’ different spatial, temporal and behavioral patterns. From this deployment, we can conclude that (i) the Citizense framework can effectively help participants to design data collecting processes and collect the required data, (ii) data collectors primarily contribute in their free time during the working week; much fewer submissions are done during the weekend, (iii) the decision to respond and complete a particular participatory sensing campaign seems to be correlated to the campaign’s geographical context and/or the recency of the data collectors’ activities, and (iv) data collectors can be divided into two groups according to their behaviors: a smaller group of active data collectors who frequently perform participatory sensing activities and a larger group of regular data collectors who exhibit more intermittent behaviors. These identified user behaviors open avenues to improve the design and operation of future participatory sensing applications.

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Yu, Xiaoning, Yaqian Wang, Dong An, and Yaoguang Wei. "Identification methodology of special behaviors for fish school based on spatial behavior characteristics." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 185 (June 2021): 106169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106169.

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Zhang, Cun-Hua, and Xiang-Ping Yan. "Formation of time patterns in a diffusive plant–herbivore system with toxin-determined functional response." International Journal of Biomathematics 08, no. 04 (June 22, 2015): 1550051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524515500515.

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In this paper, we consider a diffusive plant–herbivore system with the toxin-determined functional response and subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions on the bounded one-dimensional spatial domain. The impacts of diffusion on the dynamical behaviors are investigated and it is found that although the appearance of diffusion does not affect the stability of constant steady states, it can lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation of spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions at the constant positive steady state. The conclusions show that the occurrence of spatial diffusion can induce more complex dynamical behaviors.

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Baik, Lisa Soyeon, Yocelyn Recinos, Joshua A. Chevez, David D. Au, and Todd C. Holmes. "Multiple Phototransduction Inputs Integrate to Mediate UV Light–evoked Avoidance/Attraction Behavior in Drosophila." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 4 (May 29, 2019): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419847339.

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Short-wavelength light guides many behaviors that are crucial for an insect’s survival. In Drosophila melanogaster, short-wavelength light induces both attraction and avoidance behaviors. How light cues evoke two opposite valences of behavioral responses remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively examine the effects of (1) light intensity, (2) timing of light (duration of exposure, circadian time of day), and (3) phototransduction mechanisms processing light information that determine avoidance versus attraction behavior assayed at high spatiotemporal resolution in Drosophila. External opsin-based photoreceptors signal for attraction behavior in response to low-intensity ultraviolet (UV) light. In contrast, the cell-autonomous neuronal photoreceptors, CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) and RHODOPSIN 7 (RH7), signal avoidance responses to high-intensity UV light. In addition to binary attraction versus avoidance behavioral responses to UV light, flies show distinct clock-dependent spatial preference within a light environment coded by different light input channels.

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Si, Lin Jun, Gong Lian Chen, and Hua Li Wang. "Three-Spring Model for Spatial Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.652.

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Shear wall structures, frame-shear wall structures and frame-tube wall structures are usually used in tall buildings, especially in China seismic regions. How to simulate the mechanical behaviors of these walls is the key to elastic-plastic analysis for tall buildings. Based on two-spring model, a nonlinear model for spatial walls is proposed. In this model, the axial, shear and flexural elastic-plastic deformation of the walls can be considered, the deformation compatibility between the wall and beam elements is also considered. The model was used to analysis the elastic-plastic behavior of spatial walls. Calculation example for verifying the model indicates that the result obtained by this method has the characteristics of fewer degrees of freedom and high accuracy. Therefore the nonlinear model for spatial walls provides a practical and efficient analysis method for tall buildings with complex type.

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Mohd. Nawawi, Noorain, and Uznir Ujang. "ENTREPRENEUR PERSONALITY TRAITS AND BEHAVIORS MEASUREMENT USING SPATIAL MEASUREMENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10358.

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Santos, Vinicius G., Anderson G. Pires, Reza J. Alitappeh, Paulo A. F. Rezeck, Luciano C. A. Pimenta, Douglas G. Macharet, and Luiz Chaimowicz. "Spatial segregative behaviors in robotic swarms using differential potentials." Swarm Intelligence 14, no. 4 (July 2, 2020): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11721-020-00184-0.

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Wang, Mingyu, Long Sun, Lifu Shu, and Xiaorui Tian. "Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors." Frontiers of Forestry in China 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11461-008-0016-9.

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Tran, Dinh Nam, Eui-Man Jung, Yeong-Min Yoo, Jae-Hwan Lee, and Eui-Bae Jeung. "Perinatal Exposure to Triclosan Results in Abnormal Brain Development and Behavior in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114009.

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Triclosan (TCS) is one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in household and personal wash products. Recently, concerns have been raised about the association between abnormal behavior in children and exposure to EDC during gestation. We hypothesized that exposure to TCS during gestation could affect brain development. Cortical neurons of mice were exposed in vitro to TCS. In addition, we examined in vivo whether maternal TCS administration can affect neurobehavioral development in the offspring generation. We determined that TCS can impair dendrite and axon growth by reducing average length and numbers of axons and dendrites. Additionally, TCS inhibited the proliferation of and promoted apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells. Detailed behavioral analyses showed impaired acquisition of spatial learning and reference memory in offspring derived from dams exposed to TCS. The TCS-treated groups also showed cognition dysfunction and impairments in sociability and social novelty preference. Furthermore, TCS-treated groups exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior, but there was no significant change in depression-like behaviors. In addition, TCS-treated groups exhibited deficits in nesting behavior. Taken together, our results indicate that perinatal exposure to TCS induces neurodevelopment disorder, resulting in abnormal social behaviors, cognitive impairment, and deficits in spatial learning and memory in offspring.

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Zhu, R., E. Guilbert, and M. S. Wong. "OBJECT-CORE ORIENTED DATA MODELLING FOR TRACKING OF BEHAVIORS OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-763-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Modeling thematic and spatial dynamic behaviors of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) over time is crucial to understand the evolution of this phenomenon and the city micro-climate. Previous studies conceptualized that a UHI can only have a single life period with spatial behaviors (i.e. areal changes and topological transformations). However, a UHI can also appear and disappear periodically several times expressed by thematic and spatial integrated behaviors, which has not been established yet. Thus, this study conceptualizes each UHI as an object which has thematic and spatial behaviors simultaneously and proposes several graphs to depict periodic life-time transitions triggered by the behaviors. The model was implemented in an object-relational database, and air temperatures collected from a number of weather stations were interpolated as temperature images each hour for six weeks. Results indicated that the model could track the spatial and thematic evolution of UHIs through continuous time effectively, and also revealed the periodical patterns and abnormal cases of UHIs over a city.</p>

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Dong, Weihua, Zhicheng Zhan, Hua Liao, Liqiu Meng, and Jiping Liu. "Assessing Similarities and Differences between Males and Females in Visual Behaviors in Spatial Orientation Tasks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020115.

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Spatial orientation is an important task in human wayfinding. Existing research indicates sex-related similarities and differences in performance and strategies when executing spatial orientation behaviors, but few studies have investigated the similarities and differences in visual behaviors between males and females. To address this research gap, we explored visual behavior similarities and differences between males and females using an eye-tracking method. We recruited 40 participants to perform spatial orientation tasks in a desktop environment and recorded their eye-tracking data during these tasks. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between sexes in efficiency and accuracy of spatial orientation. In terms of visual behaviors, we found that males fixated significantly longer than females on roads. Males and females had similar fixation counts in building, signpost, map, and other objects. Males and females performed similarly in fixation duration for all five classes. Moreover, fixation duration was well fitted to an exponential function for both males and females. The base of the exponential function fitted by males’ fixation duration was significantly lower than that of females, and the coefficient difference of exponential function was not found. Females were more effective in switching from maps to signposts, but differences of switches from map to other classes were not found. The newfound similarities and differences between males and females in visual behavior may aid in the design of better human-centered outdoor navigation applications.

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Chen, Xiulong, Yunfeng Li, Yu Deng, Wenbin Li, and Haibin Wu. "Kinetoelastodynamics Modeling and Analysis of Spatial Parallel Mechanism." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/938314.

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The nonlinear elastodynamic modeling and analysis of the 4-UPS-UPU spatial 5-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism are investigated. The kinetoelastodynamics theory is used to derive the elastic dynamic equations of 4-UPS-UPU spatial parallel mechanism. In order to grasp the effect of geometric nonlinearity on dynamic behaviors, such as displacement error output, velocity error output, acceleration error output, stress of driving limbs, and natural frequencies, the variations of dynamic behaviors considering geometric nonlinearity and without considering geometric nonlinearity are discussed, respectively. The numerical simulation results show the nonlinear elastodynamic model established can reasonably reflect the dynamic behaviors of 4-UPS-UPU spatial parallel mechanism with flexible driving limbs. And geometric nonlinearity is demonstrated to have significant impact on dynamic response and dynamic characteristics of spatial parallel mechanism. The researches can provide important theoretical base for the optimal design of spatial parallel mechanism.

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Castro-Astor, Ivandy N., Maria Alice S. Alves, and Roberto B. Cavalcanti. "Display Behavior and Spatial Distribution of the White-Crowned Manakin in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil." Condor 109, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/109.1.155.

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AbstractAbstractWe studied the display behavior and spatial distribution of the White-crowned Manakin (Dixiphia pipra, formerly in the genus Pipra) in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study area included three leks, two apparently solitary display sites, and two “collective display sites,” where definitive-plumaged males, predefinitive-plumaged males, and birds of undetermined sex displayed. The average distance between display sites was 68.0 ± 24.4 m (n = 8, range = 41–113 m). Males occupied the same display sites among years. The dispersion pattern of males was typical of exploded or dispersed leks. Males did not display in auditory or visual contact, except at the two display sites that were closest to each other. Lekking White-crowned Manakins used 11 display behaviors and two vocalizations. Four of the 11 display behaviors were recorded only at the collective display sites. We only observed males displaying in the presence of other individuals, regardless of whether it was a collective or solitary display site. Definitive- and predefinitive-plumaged males and birds of indeterminate sex all displayed together. The White-crowned Manakin repertoire of 11 display behaviors indicates a more complex display behavior than previously described.

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Asadpour, Solmaz, Saeid Asgarinia, and Mohamad Esfahani. "Intuition Based and Technology Based Architecture: Differences of Traditional Spatial Behaviors Compared with Modern Behaviors." International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 9, no. 1 (2013): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-3669/cgp/v09i01/59498.

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Zhang, Kang, Wen-Si Hu, and Quan-Xing Liu. "Quantitatively Inferring Three Mechanisms from the Spatiotemporal Patterns." Mathematics 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8010112.

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Although the diversity of spatial patterns has gained extensive attention on ecosystems, it is still a challenge to discern the underlying ecological processes and mechanisms. Dynamical system models, such partial differential equations (PDEs), are some of the most widely used frameworks to unravel the spatial pattern formation, and to explore the potential ecological processes and mechanisms. Here, comparing the similarity of patterned dynamics among Allen–Cahn (AC) model, Cahn–Hilliard (CH) model, and Cahn–Hilliard with population demographics (CHPD) model, we show that integrated spatiotemporal behaviors of the structure factors, the density-fluctuation scaling, the Lifshitz–Slyozov (LS) scaling, and the saturation status are useful indicators to infer the underlying ecological processes, even though they display the indistinguishable spatial patterns. First, there is a remarkable peak of structure factors of the CH model and CHPD model, but absent in AC model. Second, both CH and CHPD models reveal a hyperuniform behavior with scaling of −2.90 and −2.60, respectively, but AC model displays a random distribution with scaling of −1.91. Third, both AC and CH display uniform LS behaviors with slightly different scaling of 0.37 and 0.32, respectively, but CHPD model has scaling of 0.19 at short-time scales and saturation at long-time scales. In sum, we provide insights into the dynamical indicators/behaviors of spatial patterns, obtained from pure spatial data and spatiotemporal related data, and a potential application to infer ecological processes.

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Tao, Ye, Huaguang Gu, and Xueli Ding. "Spatial coherence resonance and spatial pattern transition induced by the decrease of inhibitory effect in a neuronal network." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 26 (October 17, 2017): 1750179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921750179x.

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Spiral waves were observed in the biological experiment on rat brain cortex with the application of carbachol and bicuculline which can block inhibitory coupling from interneurons to pyramidal neurons. To simulate the experimental spiral waves, a two-dimensional neuronal network composed of pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons was built. By decreasing the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons, the random-like spatial patterns change to spiral waves and to random-like spatial patterns or nearly synchronous behaviors. The spiral waves appear at a low percentage of inhibitory interneurons, which matches the experimental condition that inhibitory couplings of the interneurons were blocked. The spiral waves exhibit a higher order or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characterized by spatial structure function than both random-like spatial patterns and nearly synchronous behaviors, which shows that changes of the percentage of active inhibitory interneurons can induce spatial coherence resonance-like behaviors. In addition, the relationship between the coherence degree and the spatial structures of the spiral waves is identified. The results not only present a possible and reasonable interpretation to the spiral waves observed in the biological experiment on the brain cortex with disinhibition, but also reveal that the spiral waves exhibit more ordered degree in spatial patterns.

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Liu, T. J., and H. P. Hong. "Application of Spatially Correlated and Coherent Records of Scenario Event to Estimate Seismic Loss of a Portfolio of Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 4 (November 2015): 2047–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/060513eqs143m.

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This study extends the stochastic finite-fault model (SFFM) to simulate spatially correlated and coherent records for a scenario seismic event and estimates the seismic loss of spatially distributed buildings using the simulated records. The extension incorporates the spatial coherency and the spatially correlated disturbance. The simulated records are used to evaluate nonlinear inelastic responses of buildings modeled as nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems and to estimate their aggregate seismic loss. Use of the simulated records in such a manner is advantageous since it is applicable to buildings modeled as single- or multi-degree-of-freedom systems with different hysteretic behaviors. The procedure is used to investigate the sensitivity of the seismic loss of a portfolio of hypothetical buildings in downtown Vancouver subjected to a scenario event. The results show that the probability distribution and the quantile of the seismic loss are influenced significantly by the degree of spatial correlation and by nonlinear inelastic behavior.

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MANCINI, F. P., P. SODANO, and A. TROMBETTONI. "SPATIALLY INHOMOGENEOUS SUPERCONDUCTING AND BOSONIC NETWORKS WITH EMERGENT COMPLEX BEHAVIORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 12 (May 10, 2007): 1923–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037181.

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The spontaneous emergence of enhanced responses and local orders are properties often associated with complex matter where nonlinearities and spatial inhomogeneities dominate. We discuss these phenomena in quantum devices realized with superconducting Josephson junction networks and cold atoms in optical lattices. We evidence how the pertinent engineering of the network's shape induces the enhancement of the zero-voltage Josephson critical currents in superconducting arrays as well as the emergence of spatially localized condensates for cold atoms in inhomogeneous optical lattices.

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Watanabe, Shun, and Yume Masuya. "Spatial Cognition and Intentional Behaviors in the Post-Sedentary Age." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 12, no. 2 (September 2013): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.12.285.

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Beccari, G., S. Caselli, and F. Zanichelli. "Qualitative spatial representations from task-oriented perception and exploratory behaviors." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 25, no. 3-4 (November 1998): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8890(98)00044-x.

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Hu, Weipeng, Qingjun Li, Xianhong Jiang, and Zichen Deng. "Coupling dynamic behaviors of spatial flexible beam with weak damping." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 111, no. 7 (February 7, 2017): 660–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.5477.

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Burgess, Harold A., Hannah Schoch, and Michael Granato. "Distinct Retinal Pathways Drive Spatial Orientation Behaviors in Zebrafish Navigation." Current Biology 20, no. 4 (February 2010): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.022.

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Zhang, Huafeng, Fang Chen, Chunchao Yu, and Lihui Sun. "Dynamic behaviors of nonlocal solitons based on initial spatial chirp." Optik 174 (December 2018): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.08.075.

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Ning, Zongjun, and Wenda Cao. "Spatial and Spectral Behaviors of Solar Flares Observed in Microwaves." Solar Physics 257, no. 2 (June 11, 2009): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9388-8.

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Harris, Erin P., Jean M. Abel, Lucia D. Tejada, and Emilie F. Rissman. "Calbindin Knockout Alters Sex-Specific Regulation of Behavior and Gene Expression in Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex." Endocrinology 157, no. 5 (March 24, 2016): 1967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1055.

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Abstract Calbindin-D(28K) (Calb1), a high-affinity calcium buffer/sensor, shows abundant expression in neurons and has been associated with a number of neurobehavioral diseases, many of which are sexually dimorphic in incidence. Behavioral and physiological end points are affected by experimental manipulations of calbindin levels, including disruption of spatial learning, hippocampal long-term potentiation, and circadian rhythms. In this study, we investigated novel aspects of calbindin function on social behavior, anxiety-like behavior, and fear conditioning in adult mice of both sexes by comparing wild-type to littermate Calb1 KO mice. Because Calb1 mRNA and protein are sexually dimorphic in some areas of the brain, we hypothesized that sex differences in behavioral responses of these behaviors would be eliminated or revealed in Calb1 KO mice. We also examined gene expression in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, two areas of the brain intimately connected with limbic system control of the behaviors tested, in response to sex and genotype. Our results demonstrate that fear memory and social behavior are altered in male knockout mice, and Calb1 KO mice of both sexes show less anxiety. Moreover, gene expression studies of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex revealed several significant genotype and sex effects in genes related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, hormone receptors, histone deacetylases, and γ-aminobutyric acid signaling. Our findings are the first to directly link calbindin with affective and social behaviors in rodents; moreover, the results suggest that sex differences in calbindin protein influence behavior.

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Xiong, Xiang-Dong, Wei-Dong Xiong, Shang-Shen Xiong, and Gui-Hai Chen. "Age- and Gender-Based Differences in Nest-Building Behavior and Learning and Memory Performance Measured Using a Radial Six-Armed Water Maze in C57BL/6 Mice." Behavioural Neurology 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8728415.

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Background. Understanding age-based and gender-based behavioral changes is becoming more important as a greater percentage of people lives longer worldwide. In this study, a C57BL/6 mouse animal model was used to study age-based and gender-based behavioral differences using nest building and radial six-armed water maze (RAWM) testing. Methods. In C57BL/6 mice, nest-building behavior was recorded as nesting scores, while spatial learning and memory behaviors were assessed using RAWM platform search errors and latencies. Results. In the nest-building test, nest building significantly declined in nineteen 25-month-old mice compared to that of twenty-three 7-month-old mice. Meanwhile, nest building in 25-month-old mice was lower for eight male mice than for eleven female mice, while no significant gender differences were observed in nest building of 7-month-old mice. RAWM performance also declined in aged versus nonaged adult mice, while no significant gender differences were observed in average RAWM performance regardless of age. Conclusions. In adult C57BL/6 mice, nest building is a sensitive indicator for detecting both age- and gender-based behavioral declines, while RAWM performance, an assessment of spatial learning and memory behaviors, is not sensitive to gender but significantly declines with aging. Therefore, for a C57BL/6 mouse model of aging, both nest building and RAWM should be useful to further study mechanisms involved in behavioral decline with aging.

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Rast, Wanja, Leon M. F. Barthel, and Anne Berger. "Music Festival Makes Hedgehogs Move: How Individuals Cope Behaviorally in Response to Human-Induced Stressors." Animals 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070455.

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Understanding the impact of human activities on wildlife behavior and fitness can improve their sustainability. In a pilot study, we wanted to identify behavioral responses to anthropogenic stress in an urban species during a semi-experimental field study. We equipped eight urban hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus; four per sex) with bio-loggers to record their behavior before and during a mega music festival (2 × 19 days) in Treptower Park, Berlin. We used GPS (Global Positioning System) to monitor spatial behavior, VHF (Very High Frequency)-loggers to quantify daily nest utilization, and accelerometers to distinguish between different behaviors at a high resolution and to calculate daily disturbance (using Degrees of Functional Coupling). The hedgehogs showed clear behavioral differences between the pre-festival and festival phases. We found evidence supporting highly individual strategies, varying between spatial and temporal evasion of the disturbance. Averaging the responses of the individual animals or only examining one behavioral parameter masked these potentially different individual coping strategies. Using a meaningful combination of different minimal-invasive bio-logger types, we were able to show high inter-individual behavioral variance of urban hedgehogs in response to an anthropogenic disturbance, which might be a precondition to persist successfully in urban environments.

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Rudy, Jerry W., Susan Stadler-Morris, and Peter Albert. "Ontogeny of spatial navigation behaviors in the rat: Dissociation of "proximal"- and "distal"-cue-based behaviors." Behavioral Neuroscience 101, no. 1 (February 1987): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.101.1.62.

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Gotham, Kevin Fox, and Krista Brumley. "Using Space: Agency and Identity in a Public–Housing Development." City & Community 1, no. 3 (September 2002): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00023.

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Recent critiques of conventional poverty research have highlighted the need to move beyond the conceptual limitations of “neighborhood effects” models and the use of the tropes of “adaptation” or “resistance” to explain the behaviors and actions of the urban poor. We use ethnographic field observations and interviews with public–housing residents to address these limitations in the poverty literature, assess competing explanations of poor people’s agency, and provide insight into the importance of space as a mediating link between macrostructural constraints and locally situated behaviors. We theorize agency and identity as spatial phenomena—with spatial attributes and spatial influences—and examine how different spatial meanings and locations enable or constrain particular forms of social action and behavior. Our ethnographic and interview data depict several strategies by which residents “use space” to provide a measure of security and protection, to designate and avoid areas of criminality and drug activity, and to challenge or support the redevelopment of public housing. From these data we show that urban space is not a residual phenomenon in which social action occurs, but a constitutive dimension of social life that shapes life experiences, social conflict, and action.

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Liu, Yupeng, Wei-Qiang Chen, Tao Lin, and Lijie Gao. "How Spatial Analysis Can Help Enhance Material Stocks and Flows Analysis?" Resources 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8010046.

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Spatial information can be integrated into almost all fields of industrial ecology. Many researchers have shown that spatial proximity affects a variety of behaviors and interactions, and thus matters for materials stocks and flows analysis. However, normal tools or models in industrial ecology based on temporal dependence cannot be simply applied to the case of spatial dependence. This paper proposes a framework integrating material stocks and flows analysis with spatial analysis. We argue that spatial analysis can help data management and visualization, determine spatio-temporal patterns-processes-drivers, and finally develop dynamic and spatially explicit models, to improve the performance of simulating and assessing stocks and flows of materials. Scaling in spatial, temporal, and organizational dimensions and other current limitations are also discussed. Combined with spatial analysis, industrial ecology can really be more powerful in achieving its origin and destination—sustainability.

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Kim, Ga-Young. "A Study on Spatial Perceptions and Behaviors through the Perception Phenomenon of the User - The Relationship between Spatial Perception and User Behavior -." Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal 22, no. 5 (October 31, 2013): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2013.22.5.143.

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Kelber, Almut, and Hema Somanathan. "Spatial Vision and Visually Guided Behavior in Apidae." Insects 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10120418.

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The family Apidae, which is amongst the largest bee families, are important pollinators globally and have been well studied for their visual adaptations and visually guided behaviors. This review is a synthesis of what is known about their eyes and visual capabilities. There are many species-specific differences, however, the relationship between body size, eye size, resolution, and sensitivity shows common patterns. Salient differences between castes and sexes are evident in important visually guided behaviors such as nest defense and mate search. We highlight that Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris are popular bee models employed in the majority of studies that have contributed immensely to our understanding vision in bees. However, other species, specifically the tropical and many non-social Apidae, merit further investigation for a better understanding of the influence of ecological conditions on the evolution of bee vision.

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Jaqaman, Khuloud, James A. Galbraith, Michael W. Davidson, and Catherine G. Galbraith. "Changes in single-molecule integrin dynamics linked to local cellular behavior." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): 1561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0018.

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Recent advances in light microscopy permit visualization of the behavior of individual molecules within dense macromolecular ensembles in live cells. It is now conceptually possible to relate the dynamic organization of molecular machinery to cellular function. However, inherent heterogeneities, as well as disparities between spatial and temporal scales, pose substantial challenges in deriving such a relationship. New approaches are required to link discrete single-molecule behavior with continuous cellular-level processes. Here we combined intercalated molecular and cellular imaging with a computational framework to detect reproducible transient changes in the behavior of individual molecules that are linked to cellular behaviors. Applying our approach to integrin transmembrane receptors revealed a spatial density gradient underlying characteristic molecular density increases and mobility decreases, indicating the subsequent onset of local protrusive activity. Integrin mutants further revealed that these density and mobility transients are separable and depend on different binding domains within the integrin cytoplasmic tail. Our approach provides a generalizable paradigm for dissecting dynamic spatiotemporal molecular behaviors linked to local cellular events.

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Chiang, Feng-Kuei, and Joni D. Wallis. "Spatiotemporal encoding of search strategies by prefrontal neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 19 (April 23, 2018): 5010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805044115.

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Working memory is capacity-limited. In everyday life we rarely notice this limitation, in part because we develop behavioral strategies that help mitigate the capacity limitation. How behavioral strategies are mediated at the neural level is unclear, but a likely locus is lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Neurons in LPFC play a prominent role in working memory and have been shown to encode behavioral strategies. To examine the role of LPFC in overcoming working-memory limitations, we recorded the activity of LPFC neurons in animals trained to perform a serial self-ordered search task. This task measured the ability to prospectively plan the selection of unchosen spatial search targets while retrospectively tracking which targets were previously visited. We found that individual LPFC neurons encoded the spatial location of the current search target but also encoded the spatial location of targets up to several steps away in the search sequence. Neurons were more likely to encode prospective than retrospective targets. When subjects used a behavioral strategy of stereotyped target selection, mitigating the working-memory requirements of the task, not only did the number of selection errors decrease but there was a significant reduction in the strength of spatial encoding in LFPC. These results show that LPFC neurons have spatiotemporal mnemonic fields, in that their firing rates are modulated both by the spatial location of future selection behaviors and the temporal organization of that behavior. Furthermore, the strength of this tuning can be dynamically modulated by the demands of the task.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial Behaviors'

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