Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial genetic structures

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial genetic structures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Dupuis, Julian R., Forest T. Bremer, Thibaut Jombart, Sheina B. Sim, and Scott M. Geib. "mvmapper: Interactive spatial mapping of genetic structures." Molecular Ecology Resources 18, no. 2 (2017): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12724.

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Grzywiński, Maksym, and Jacek Selejdak. "Weight Minimization of Spatial Trusses with Genetic Algorithm." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (2019): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0032.

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Abstract A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the weight minimization problem of spatial truss structures considering size and shape design variables. A very recently developed metaheuristic method called JAYA algorithm (JA) is implemented in this study for optimization of truss structures. The main feature of JA is that it does not require setting algorithm specific parameters. The algorithm has a very simple formulation where the basic idea is to approach the best solution and escape from the worst solution. Analyses of structures are performed by a finite element code in MATLAB. The effectiveness of JA algorithm is demonstrated through benchmark spatial truss 39-bar, and compare with results in references.
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NAMROUD, MARIE-CLAIRE, ANDREW PARK, FRANCINE TREMBLAY, and YVES BERGERON. "Clonal and spatial genetic structures of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)." Molecular Ecology 14, no. 10 (2005): 2969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02653.x.

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Degen, B. "SGS--Spatial Genetic Software: A Computer Program for Analysis of Spatial Genetic and Phenotypic Structures of Individuals and Populations." Journal of Heredity 92, no. 5 (2001): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.5.447.

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Xiao, Jian Chun, Jing Chen, Qi Li, and Shao Quan Xia. "Shape and Cross-Section Optimization of Spatial Grid Structures Using Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1463.

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The optimization of the structures is difficult because the variables have different physical property or different quantitative attribute. The shape and cross-section optimization of spatial grid structures is performed by an improved genetic algorithm. The constraint conditions are composed of the structural deformation, the stability of the compressive members, the slender ratios, and etc. The treatment of the constraint conditions and the optimization function gives an unconstrained analytic function by adopting Lagrange multipliers. The method enhances the running efficiency of the genetic algorithm. The programme for structural optimization containing the mixed codes of continuous real variables, discontinuous real variables, and integer variables is coded by using MATLAB Toolbox functions for genetic algorithm. The analysis of examples shows that the programme is reliable, and the convergence of the algorithm is fast as well.
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Brickner, Jason. "Genetic and epigenetic control of the spatial organization of the genome." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 3 (2017): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0149.

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Eukaryotic genomes are spatially organized within the nucleus by chromosome folding, interchromosomal contacts, and interaction with nuclear structures. This spatial organization is observed in diverse organisms and both reflects and contributes to gene expression and differentiation. This leads to the notion that the arrangement of the genome within the nucleus has been shaped and conserved through evolutionary processes and likely plays an adaptive function. Both DNA-binding proteins and changes in chromatin structure influence the positioning of genes and larger domains within the nucleus. This suggests that the spatial organization of the genome can be genetically encoded by binding sites for DNA-binding proteins and can also involve changes in chromatin structure, potentially through nongenetic mechanisms. Here I briefly discuss the results that support these ideas and their implications for how genomes encode spatial organization.
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MITSUI, Kazuo, and Nobuyoshi TOSAKA. "AN APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO FORM FINDING ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL STRUCTURES." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 61, no. 484 (1996): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.61.75_1.

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Monestiez, P., M. Goulard, and G. Charmet. "Geostatistics for spatial genetic structures: study of wild populations of perennial ryegrass." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88, no. 1 (1994): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00222391.

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Padrón, Mariana, and Katell Guizien. "Modelling the effect of demographic traits and connectivity on the genetic structuration of marine metapopulations of sedentary benthic invertebrates." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 7 (2015): 1935–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv158.

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Abstract Accounting for connectivity is essential in marine spatial planning and the proper design and management of marine protected areas, given that their effectiveness depends on the patterns of dispersal and colonization between protected and non-protected areas. The genetic structure of populations is commonly used to infer connectivity among distant populations. Here, we explore how population genetic structure is affected by pre- and settlement limitations with a spatially explicit coupled metapopulation-gene flow model that simulates the effect of demographic fluctuations on the allele frequencies of a set of populations. We show that in closed populations, regardless of population growth rate, the maintenance of genetic diversity at saturating initial population density increases with species life expectancy as a result of density-dependent recruitment control. Correlatively, at low initial population density, the time at which a population begins to lose its genetic diversity is driven larval and post-settlement mortality (comprised in the recruitment success parameter)—the larger the recruitment success, the stronger the genetic drift. Different spatial structures of connectivity established for soft bottom benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean, France) lead to very different results in the spatial patterns of genetic structuration of the metapopulation, with high genetic drift in sites where the local retention rate was larger than 2%. The effect of recruitment failure and the loss of key source populations on heterozygosity confirm that transient demographic fluctuations help maintain genetic diversity in a metapopulation. This study highlights the role of intraspecific settlement limitations due to lack of space when the effective number of breeders approaches saturating capacity, causing a strong reduction in effective reproduction. The present model allows to: (i) disentangle the relative contribution of local demography and environmental connectivity in shaping seascape genetics, and (ii) perform in silico evaluations of different scenarios for marine spatial planning.
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Epperson, B. K. "Spatial distributions of genotypes under isolation by distance." Genetics 140, no. 4 (1995): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.4.1431.

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Abstract The spatial distributions of single-locus diploid genotypes, produced within populations of sexually reproducing individuals under isolation by distance, are measured and characterized in detail by quantifying the join-counts for simulated model populations. The models more realistically reflect spatially explicit distributions of genotypes in populations, because unlike the classical theory, they include the stochasticity inherent in the process of matings between genotypes. This stochasticity causes the formation of large areas or patches containing mostly one homozygous genotype, which is not predicted by the classical theory. A number of previously uncharacterized features of the spatial structures produced under isolation by distance are revealed. Spatial autocorrelation measures based on counts of pairs of homozygotes are highly consistent quantifications of the concentrations of homozygotes in patchy genotypic distributions for a given level of dispersal. Most strikingly, the degree of intermixing of homozygotes with heterozygotes over small spatial scales is much higher than previously thought, unless dispersal is extremely limited (e.g., Wright's neighborhood size less than approximately 5.0). Among implications for studies of spatial structure of real populations, one is that the results provide a basis for using join-counts as estimators of gene dispersal based solely on genetic data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Yu, Xuesong. "Statistical methods for analyzing genomic data with consideration of spatial structures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9553.

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King, Rachel, and n/a. "Spatial Structure and Population Genetic Variation in a Eucalypt Species Complex." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.091713.

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In this study, the relative influences of selection, gene flow, and other evolutionary forces on the spatial structure of genetic variation within a eucalypt species complex (the spotted gums: genus Corymbia, section Politaria) were assessed. The study investigated the spatial genetic structure among four putative species of spotted gum (broad-scale), as well as within a single population (fine-scale)of one species, using both molecular and quantitative markers. The spotted gum complex occurs naturally across a range of 2500 km in eastern Australia. Spatial genetic variation within and between the four putative spotted gum species was examined using both chloroplast and nuclear markers. No significant differentiation was found between the three northern species of the complex, C. citriodora, C. variegata and C. henryi. The southern species, C. maculata, shared no haplotypes with any of the three northern species. These results disagree in part with those reported in a previous allozyme based study in which C. henryi was found to be significantly divergent from C. variegata (with which it is sympatric) and more closely aligned with C. maculata. Re-analysis of the allozyme data provided evidence of selection acting at the PGM2 locus within populations of C. variegata and C. henryi. The exclusion of this locus from the data set led to concordance between the cpDNA and nDNA analyses. Restricted gene flow and evidence of isolation by distance were identified as the dominant processes influencing the contemporary distribution of the cpDNA haplotypes. No geographic structure of haplotypes was found and complex genealogical relationships between haplotypes indicated the combined effects of past fragmentation, range expansion and possible long distance dispersal events. The variation and spatial structure in both neutral molecular markers and quantitative genetic traits were compared to explore the relative influences of dispersal and selection within a single eucalypt population. Both mature trees (n=130) from a natural population of C. variegata and their progeny (n=127) were sampled. A very high outcrossing rate (98%) was estimated for the population based on data from seven microsatellite loci. This suggested regular pollen–mediated gene flow into the population, further supported by the observed high levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism. Significant positive spatial structure was found between parent trees occurring up to 150 m apart in the natural forest, although genetic distance between these individuals suggested limited relatedness (i.e. less than half-sib relatedness). The effect of pollen-mediated gene flow appears, therefore, to swamp any effect of nearest neighbour inbreeding which has been reported in other studies of eucalypt populations and has been attributed to limited seed dispersal. Resistance to the fungal disease Sporothrix pitereka (Ramularia Shoot Blight) was measured on progeny from each of the population study trees. Substantial resistance variability was found, along with a high estimate in heritability of resistance (0.44 ± 0.06), indicating significant additive genetic variation within the population. Spatial analysis showed no significant spatial structure with resistant and susceptible genotypes apparently distributed randomly throughout the population. The lack of concordance between the molecular and quantitative markers suggests that there may be a cost to resistance. Temporal variation in the severity of disease outbreaks may have then led to differential selection of seedlings across many generations, maintaining variability in disease resistance and facilitating the apparent random distribution of disease resistant and susceptible genotypes throughout the population. C. variegata is an important commercial forestry species. The identification of strong genetic control in the disease resistance trait, as well as significant adverse genetic and phenotypic correlations between susceptibility and growth traits, will aid future breeding programs. Controlled crosses between resistant genotypes from this population should result in strong genetic gains in both resistance and growth, with little costs associated with inbreeding depression due to the highly outcrossed nature of the population.
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Laurence, Sophie. "GENETIC VARIATION AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MUSKRAT, ONDATRA ZIBETHICUS, AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2171.

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Understanding the factors and processes that influence intraspecific genetic variation are essential to better understand evolutionary processes. In this research, I examined patterns of gene flow and their effects on the distribution of genetic variation and spatial genetic structuring at different spatial scales. I used a combination of population genetics, spatial analysis, morphometrics and phylogeography in order to understand the patterns of genetic variation and their resulting phenotypic variations in a semi-aquatic species, the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus).
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Hailu, Solomon Ghebremeskel. "THE EFFECT OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON THE SPATIAL POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS)." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/624.

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Southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis (Zimmerman), is one of the most destructive insect pests of pine trees in southern United States, Mexico and Central America. There is relatively little information on the effect of habitat fragmentation on the connectivity and the spatial population genetics of SPB. This study therefore, adds to previously generated information by assessing how habitat fragmentation affects the spatial population genetic structure of SPB. It also introduces a new approach to the study of bark beetle population dynamics by assessing how landscape variables shape their effective dispersal. To address this issue, a suite of eight highly polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers were used to measure SPB movement over a representative range of SPB habitat and non-habitat (matrix). At the broadest scale, highly significant genetic differentiation suggests that the sampled populations are not panmictic. Loci with higher variability yielded higher resolution for both the infinite allele model based measure of differentiation (FST) and the stepwise mutation based measure (RST) estimates. It is apparent that allelic frequency differences, allelic size ranges and repeat motif played a role in the observed patterns of pair-wise differentiations between the sampled localities. It is supposed that gene flow, wide-range dispersal and recent divergent time could have contributed to the lower level of genetic structure observed in the pair wise estimates. The sampled populations did not show any differentiation attributable to the host species from which they were collected. Mantel test of genetic distance and Euclidean geographic distance revealed no correlation. Mantel tests of the correlation between genetic distance and cost weighted Euclidean distances also suggest that dispersal of SPB across geographic barriers is not significantly reduced. Thus, landscape features and host preference do not appear to have had an impact on population genetic structure of SPB. Since movements of these beetles were not significantly hindered by environmental factors like major rivers, roads, elevation and host type, it is advisable for regional pest management offices to put an effort and coordinate their prevention and management plans in a broader scale to alleviate the problem associated with this native insect pest. Disequilibrium in the observed homogenized pattern of the beetle in this study suggests human contribution in the dispersal of SPB. Therefore, stringent control is deemed necessary in transportation of logs. This could improve our pest management system hence its positive implication in timber industry is obvious.
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Lundy, Ian J. "Theoretical population genetics of spatially structured populations /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl962.pdf.

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Flint, Gillian F. "Landscape genetics of Alnus glutinosa across contrasting spatial scales in a natural river system." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23243.

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The genetic diversity and genetic structure of populations, and the processes shaping gene flow within and between populations, are influenced by the landscapes they occur within. Within terrestrial landscapes, rivers and their riparian habitat are among the most dynamic, diverse and complex of landscapes and their linear structure appears as an interlinking feature across large landscapes. This thesis took a landscape genetics approach to examine the influence of river landscape features on Alnus glutinosa populations, a widespread keystone tree species of European riparian ecosystems. By accounting for the differing dispersal mechanisms of A. glutinosa (wind and water), landscape effects on seed- and pollen-mediated gene flow, genetic diversity, demographic and genetic structure were identified at different spatial scales of a large UK river catchment. Widespread gene flow within and between A. glutinosa populations was identified with no apparent limitation of wind-mediated pollen dispersal. Hydrochorous dispersal of seed between populations was evident, and found to increase genetic connectivity between riparian populations; however an isolation by distance effect was identified between populations located further apart from each other. No pattern of genetic diversity was found, with high levels of genetic diversity identified at all spatial and temporal scales. At the river-catchment scale no genetic clustering was observed, either within or between the six rivers studied. Demographic structuring within A. glutinosa populations was evident, and correlated with distance from the main river channel. Interactions between seed dispersal, hydrological disturbance, colonisation, and historical influences are discussed in relation to fine-scale spatial genetic structure between A. glutinosa sapling and adult generations. Central to the landscape genetics approach taken in this thesis was the incorporation of key A. glutinosa life history attributes. By incorporating gene flow analyses, species ecology and landscape features, the research presented here furthers our understanding of riverine landscape influences on their riparian populations at different spatial scales and can be used to inform management principles.
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Forien, Raphael. "The spatial structure of genetic diversity under natural selection and in heterogeneous environments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX082/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur la structure spatiale de la diversité génétique. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions un processus à valeurs mesure décrivant l'évolution de la composition génétique d'une population soumise à la sélection naturelle. Nous montrons que ce processus satisfait un théorème de la limite centrale, et que ses fluctuations sont données par la solution d'une équation aux dérivées partielles stochastique. Nous utilisons ce résultat pour donner une estimation du fardeau de dérive au sein d'une population structurée en espace.Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons à la composition génétique d'une population lorsque les individus se déplacent plus facilement dans une région de l'espace que dans l'autre (on parle alors de dispersion hétérogène). Nous démontrons dans ce cas la convergence des fréquences alléliques via la convergence des lignées ancestrales vers un système de mouvements browniens de Walsh.Nous détaillons également l'impact d'une barrière géographique traversant l'habitat d'une population sur sa diversité génétique. Nous montrons que les lignées ancestrales décrivent dans ce cas des mouvements browniens partiellement réfléchis, dont nous donnons plusieurs constructions.Dans le but d'appliquer ces travaux, nous adaptons une méthode d'inférence démographique au cas de la dispersion hétérogène. Cette méthode utilise les blocs continus de génome hérités d'un même ancêtre entre les paires d'individus dans l'échantillon et permet d'estimer les caractéristiques démographiques d'une population lorsque celles-ci varient dans l'espace. Pour terminer nous démontrons l'efficacité de notre méthode sur des données simulées<br>This thesis deals with the spatial structure of genetic diversity. We first study a measure-valued process describing the evolution of the genetic composition of a population subject to natural selection. We show that this process satisfies a central limit theorem and that its fluctuations are given by the solution to a stochastic partial differential equation. We then use this result to obtain an estimate of the drift load in spatially structured populations.Next we investigate the genetic composition of a populations whose individuals move more freely in one part of space than in the other (a situation called dispersal heterogeneity). We show in this case the convergence of allele frequencies via the convergence of ancestral lineages to a system of skew Brownian motions.We then detail the effect of a barrier to gene flow dividing the habitat of a population. We show that ancestral lineages follow partially reflected Brownian motions, of whom we give several constructions.To apply these results, we adapt a method for demographic inference to the setting of dispersal heterogeneity. This method makes use of long blocks of genome along which pairs of individuals share a common ancestry, and allows to estimate several demographic parameters when they vary accross space. To conclude, we demonstrate the accuracy of our method on simulated datasets
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Zhao, Wanying. "Genetic, Age, and Spatial Structure to Improve Management of Common Privet (Ligustrum vulgare)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325115045.

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Segelbacher, Gernot. "Genetic structure of capercaillie populations a non-invasive approach at multiple spatial scales /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964462478.

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Tero, N. (Niina). "Genetic structure at different spatial scales in metapopulations of Silene tatarica." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277694.

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Abstract The genetic structure at different spatial scales and growing habitats was studied on Silene tatarica, using AFLP and microsatellite markers. S. tatarica is a rare perennial plant occurring along riverbanks and shores of two annually flooding rivers in Finland. Regional scale analysis based on AFLP fragment analysis showed that at Oulanka River population structure represented mostly classical metapopulation model. In general, colonization-extinction processes had an important role, dispersal between subpopulations was limited and genetic differentiation was independent of geographic location. The same subpopulations were partly used to study spatial genetic structuring within subpopulations. Spatial autocorrelation revealed clear spatial genetic structure in each subpopulation. Paternity analysis in an isolated subpopulation showed small amounts of inbreeding, restricted seed dispersal and pollen flow through the subpopulation. Factors affecting the creation and maintenance of spatial genetic structure within subpopulation were most likely colonization events and restricted seed dispersal. The impact of river regulation on the genetic structure of populations was studied by comparing results from Oulanka River to the results obtained from second main growing area, Kitinen River. Oulanka River is a natural river system, whereas Kitinen is a regulated river. The overall regional scale studies did not indicate major differences between river systems. There were some clear population genetic differences between rivers but there were no clear evidence that those would have been caused by river regulation. More likely differences were related to the marginal location of Kitinen population at the edge of the distribution range. Studies indicated that regardless of the species rarity in Finland, active management measures are not currently needed in either S. tatarica growing area. Species specific microsatellite loci were isolated to complement AFLP studies. During the microsatellite isolation, an interesting amplification pattern was detected and studied further. It was suggested that there were repetitive areas within genome containing microsatellites resulting in unusual amplification. The most likely explanation for this phenomenon would be transposable elements containing proto-microsatellite areas. The microsatellites isolated could have evolved mostly from those proto-microsatellites.
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Books on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Krzanowski, Roman M., and Jonathan Raper. Spatial Evolutionary Modeling. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135688.001.0001.

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Evolutionary models (e.g., genetic algorithms, artificial life), explored in other fields for the past two decades, are now emerging as an important new tool in GIS for a number of reasons. First, they are highly appropriate for modeling geographic phenomena. Secondly, geographical problems are often spatially separate (broken down into local or regional problems) and evolutionary algorithms can exploit this structure. Finally, the ability to store, manipulate, and visualize spatial data has increased to the point that space-time-attribute databases can be easily handled.
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Chen, Xiangyang. Woman, Generic Aesthetics, and the Vernacular. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036613.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the hybrid origins of Hong Kong's Huangmei opera film. It shows how the Chinese Communist Party's demand for a cinema showcasing the national cultural past paradoxically facilitated the cross-border circulation of an indigenous, vernacular operatic tradition—featuring feisty rural women, female voice-over chanting, and frequent cross-dressing—into the modernizing idioms of Hong Kong's film industry. Under colonial suppression of local nationalist objectives, the resulting hybridized genre carried a vital female imaginary in nostalgic Chinese wrappings. In contrast to Indian cinema's culture of emotion, female performativity contests Chinese conventions of restraint, opening up imaginary female power. This is supported by the impact of the female voice on point-of-view shooting, spatial organization, and narrative structure, foregrounding, against Western feminism's focus on the male gaze, a female counter-gaze within a patriarchal drama of conflicting desires.
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Cochrane, Ethan E., and Terry L. Hunt. The Archaeology of Prehistoric Oceania. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.001.

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The archaeological record of Oceania stretches over one-third of the earth’s surface with the first humans entering Oceania 50,000 years ago and with the last major archipelago settled approximately a.d. 1300. Oceania is often divided into the cultural-geographic regions of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia, but these divisions mask much variation, and they do not always accurately characterize the historical relationships among Oceania’s populations. Since the 1950s, archaeological researchers have investigated Oceania’s human and environmental past and have focused on colonization chronologies and the origins of different populations, the intensity and spatial scale of interaction between groups, and changes in social complexity through time and space with a particular concern for the development of chiefdoms. Oceanic archaeologists often use historical linguistics, human genetics, and cultural evolution models to structure their research on ancient Pacific island populations.
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Bertel, E., and A. Menzel. Nanostructured surfaces: Dimensionally constrained electrons and correlation. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.11.

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This article examines dimensionally constrained electrons and electronic correlation in nanostructured surfaces. Correlation effects play an important role in spatial confinement of electrons by nanostructures. The effect of correlation will become increasingly dominant as the dimensionality of the electron wavefunction is reduced. This article focuses on quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) confinement, i.e. more or less strongly coupled one-dimensional nanostructures, with occasional reference to 2D and 0D systems. It first explains how correlated systems exhibit a variety of electronically driven phase transitions, and especially the phases occurring in the generic phase diagram of correlated materials. It then describes electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions in low-dimensional systems and the phase diagram of real quasi-1D systems. Two case studies are considered: metal chains on silicon surfaces and quasi-1D structures on metallic surfaces. The article shows that spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs for many quasi-1D systems on both semiconductor and metal surfaces at low temperature.
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El-Sharif, Ahmad. The Muslim Prophetic Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0011.

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This chapter surveys the major conceptual metaphorical source domains in the Prophet Muhammad’s Tradition and their mappings with reference to Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The Prophetic discourse makes great use of metaphors whose source domains vary considerably. These metaphors are systematically classified in particular spatial domains. In addition, the Prophetic metaphors show considerable discrepancy in terms of their degree of generality and specificity: many metaphoric schemas are generic in their mapping, while a large number are very specific in their mapping. Furthermore, the majority of the Prophetic metaphors are common, due to the ontological and structural functions of most of the Prophetic metaphors. This can be attributed to the fact that Islamic religious discourse is packed with abstract notions, and metaphorical language is the most accessible method of conceptualising and facilitating the understanding of such religious abstraction.
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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Monestiez, P., M. Goulard, G. Charmet, and F. Balfourier. "Analysing Spatial Genetic Structures By Multivariate Geostatistics : Study of Wild Populations of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne)." In Geostatistics Wollongong’ 96. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5726-1_48.

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Etheridge, Alison. "Spatial Structure." In Some Mathematical Models from Population Genetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16632-7_6.

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Epperson, B. K. "Spatial structure of genetic variation within populations of forest trees." In Forestry Sciences. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2815-5_14.

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Stoddart, James A. "Historecognition and Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure in Sessile Benthic Invertebrates." In Invertebrate Historecognition. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1053-2_9.

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Kerdelhué, Carole, Andrea Battisti, Christian Burban, et al. "Genetic Diversity and Structure at Different Spatial Scales in the Processionary Moths." In Processionary Moths and Climate Change : An Update. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9340-7_4.

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Degen, B., H. Caron, E. Bandou, et al. "Small scale spatial genetic structure of six tropical tree species in French Guiana." In Genetic Response of Forest Systems to Changing Environmental Conditions. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9839-2_7.

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Benzie, J. A. H. "The detection of spatial variation in widespread marine species: methods and bias in the analysis of population structure in the crown of thorns starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)." In Marine Genetics. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2184-4_1.

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Miao, Zuohua, Yong Chen, and Xiangyang Zeng. "CA Model of Optimization Allocation for Land Use Spatial Structure Based on Genetic Algorithm." In Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23881-9_85.

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Rocha, Miguel, Filipe Pereira, Sónia Afonso, and José Neves. "A Genetic and Evolutionary Programming Environment with Spatially Structured Populations and Built-In Parallelism." In Engineering of Intelligent Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45517-5_43.

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Schrodt, Franziska, Betsabe de la Barreda Bautista, Christopher Williams, Doreen S. Boyd, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, and Maria J. Santos. "Integrating Biodiversity, Remote Sensing, and Auxiliary Information for the Study of Ecosystem Functioning and Conservation at Large Spatial Scales." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_17.

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AbstractAssessing patterns and processes of plant functional, taxonomic, genetic, and structural biodiversity at large scales is essential across many disciplines, including ecosystem management, agriculture, ecosystem risk and service assessment, conservation science, and forestry. In situ data housed in databases necessary to perform such assessments over large parts of the world are growing steadily. Integrating these in situ data with remote sensing (RS) products helps not only to improve data completeness and quality but also to account for limitations and uncertainties associated with each data product. Here, we outline how auxiliary environmental and socioeconomic data might be integrated with biodiversity and RS data to expand our knowledge about ecosystem functioning and inform the conservation of biodiversity. We discuss concepts, data, and methods necessary to assess plant species and ecosystem properties across scales of space and time and provide a critical discussion of outstanding issues.
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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Calogero, Joseph, Mary Frecker, Zohaib Hasnain, and James E. Hubbard. "Optimization of Spatially Distributed Contact-Aided Compliant Mechanisms in a Dynamic Structure." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3842.

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The optimal stiffnesses and spatial locations of contact-aided compliant mechanisms in a dynamic flapping wing structure are found using a numerical dynamics model and multi-objective genetic algorithm. Using mathematical descriptions of how wing shape change impact pitch agility in a flapping wing mechanical bird, an optimization problem was formulated to find compliant joint stiffness and location parameters which induce desired shape change. Specifically, the goal of the shape change was to induce forward sweep at the upstroke to downstroke transition while otherwise remaining stiff in an effort to move the aerodynamic center ahead of the center of gravity. A single compliant joint in the leading edge spar of an ornithopter wing was considered. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem, generating 3892 unique designs over 20 generations. Machine learning visualization and regression was used to better understand the data set. The data set was narrowed using higher level decisions, and one optimal design which satisfied the design requirements was chosen based on its relative performance and design parameters. The design was able to achieve the desired forward sweep while only allowing small bending and twist motion compared to the wing structure without a compliant joint inserted.
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Bielefeldt, Brent R., Darren J. Hartl, and Ergun Akleman. "L-System-Generated Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms Using Graph-Based Interpretation." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85225.

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Traditional topology optimization techniques, such as density-based and level set methods, have proven successful in identifying potential design configurations but suffer from rapidly increasing design space dimensionality and convergence to local minima. A heuristic alternative to these approaches couples a genetic algorithm with a Lindenmayer System (L-System), which encodes design variables and governs the development of the structure when coupled with some sort of interpreter. This work discusses the development of a graph-based interpretation scheme referred to as Spatial Interpretation for the Development of Reconfigurable Structures (SPIDRS). This framework allows for the effective exploration of the design space using a limited number of design variables. The theory and implementation of this method are detailed, and a compliant mechanism case study is presented to demonstrate the ability of SPIDRS to generate structures capable of achieving multiple design goals.
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Calogero, Joseph, Mary Frecker, Zohaib Hasnain, and James E. Hubbard. "Experimental Validation of Compliant Joints in a Dynamic Spar Numerical Model." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9074.

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A dynamic spar numerical model for passive shape change is validated for a single degree of freedom contact-aided compliant mechanism (CCM) in a flapping spar. CCMs are modeled as compliant joints: spherical joints with distributed mass and three axis nonlinear torsional spring-dampers. Several assumptions were made in the original formulation of the model, such as assuming the spars were rigid and a simple damping model for the compliant joints. An experiment was performed to validate the assumptions and tune the model. Four configurations of the leading edge spar were tested: a solid spar, a previously designed CCM at two spatial locations, and a modified version of the CCM. Reflective markers were placed on each configuration, then the spars were inserted into the wing roots of a clamped ornithopter. An array of computer vision cameras was used to track the spar and CCM kinematics as they were flapped. First, a flapping angle function was extracted using a moving average of the flapping cycles. Then, a genetic algorithm was implemented to tune the stiffness and damping parameters for each of the configuration, minimizing the root mean square error between the model and experimental marker kinematics. The model was able to capture the deflection amplitude and harmonics of the CCMs with very good agreement and minimal to no phase shift.
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Dick, Grant, Caitlin A. Owen, and Peter A. Whigham. "Evolving bagging ensembles using a spatially-structured niching method." In GECCO '18: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3205455.3205642.

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Innocenti, Carlo. "Kinematic Clearance Sensitivity Analysis of Spatial Structures With Revolute Joints." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8679.

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Abstract The paper presents a new method to assess the influence of joint clearances in spatial structures that are composed of links connected by revolute joints. The method allows assessment of the amount by which joint clearances affect the rigid-body position of a generic link of the structure when an external load is exerted on the link. Unlike other procedures, the proposed method relies on the clearance-free idealization of the structure under investigation. An example shows application of the proposed method to the analysis of the structure derived from a multi-loop manipulator by freezing its actuators.
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spanu, ilaria, cristina vettori, raffaello giannini, and donatella paffetti. "Spatial genetic structure of Taxus baccata L. relict population." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/cis-is-str.

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Payne, Joshua L., and Margaret J. Eppstein. "Emergent mating topologies in spatially structured genetic algorithms." In the 8th annual conference. ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144032.

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Udoh, Ikpoto E. "A Concise Methodology for the Design of Statically-Equivalent Deep-Offshore Mooring Systems." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23054.

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Model testing of deepwater offshore structures often requires the use of statically-equivalent deepwater mooring systems. The need for such equivalent systems arises due to the spatial limitations of wave basins in accommodating the dimensions of the direct-scaled mooring system. With the equivalent mooring system in place and connected to the model floater, the static global restoring forces and global stiffness of the prototype floating structure can be matched (to within some tolerance) by those of the model for specified offsets in the required degrees of freedom. A match in relevant static properties of the system provides the basis for comparisons of dynamic responses of the model and prototype floaters. Although some commercial programs are capable of designing equivalent mooring systems, the physics applied in these programs are protected by intellectual property, and their methodologies are generally inflexible. This paper illustrates a concise approach to the design of statically-equivalent deepwater mooring systems. With this approach, either manual or advanced optimization techniques can be applied as needed based on the complexity of the equivalent system to be designed. A simple iterative scheme is applied in solving the elastic catenary equations for the optimal static configuration of each mooring line. Discussions cover the approach as applied in developing a fit-for-purpose tool called STAMOORSYS, its validation, and its application to the design of an equivalent mooring system for a spar platform in deepwater. The spar model parameters are representative of a structure which could be tested in the Offshore Technology Research Center, College Station, Texas, USA. Results show that the method is capable of producing good design solutions using manual optimization and a genetic algorithm.
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Huang, Shih-Lin, Chin-Chou Chu, Chien C. Chang, and H. S. Tzou. "Electromechanical Coupling and Signal Distribution of a Circular Cylindrical Shell Coupled With Segmented Sensors." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68016.

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The direct piezoelectric effect has long been recognized as an effective electromechanical coupling effect applied to designs of various transducers. Conventional sensor design usually follows three design principles: 1) the tension/compression design, 2) the bending or flexible design and 3) the shear design. These are mostly point-type transducers monitoring responses of discrete locations and, thus, they are not suitable to dynamic spatial monitoring of large-scale distributed structures, such as shells and plates. Accordingly, distributed designs and configurations, such as the segmentation and shaping techniques, have been proposed and evaluated in the last two decades. This study is to evaluate electromechanical coupling and signal generations of a coupled piezoelectric/elastic circular shell structure. A generic open-circuit signal equation of electromechanical coupling and signal generation is presented first, followed by a simplification to signal generation of a circular cylindrical shell case. The total signal generation and its contributing components are analyzed in the modal domain. Spatially distributed modal signals of various shell modes are calculated and the spatial signal distribution illustrates distinct modal characteristics resulting from microscopic modal strain behaviors. Thus, the optimal sensor location(s) for specific shell modes can be identified from the modal signal distribution plots.
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Zeringue, Henry C. "Microtechnologies for Neurobiology." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13341.

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Oscillatory activity in cortical networks is thought to provide the foundation for many high-level processes including working memory and attention. It has been shown that spatial information propagation delay and connectivity density can determine the innate properties of local network activity. The initial formation of neuronal networks in the central nervous system occurs due to the interaction of the genetic programming of the cells and the presentation of external molecular cues. The activity-driven refinement that occurs later, giving rise to the highly complex networks within the brain, are dependent on the initial anatomical formation and structural connectivity which occurs without external activity cues. We describe technologies used to (1) modulate the genetic programming of neurons and (2) precisely control temporal and spatial presentation of environmental cues in vitro. We are exploring the ability to define simple oscillatory networks using these experimental techniques.
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Reports on the topic "Spatial genetic structures"

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Yaremchuk, Olesya. TRAVEL ANTHROPOLOGY IN JOURNALISM: HISTORY AND PRACTICAL METHODS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11069.

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Our study’s main object is travel anthropology, the branch of science that studies the history and nature of man, socio-cultural space, social relations, and structures by gathering information during short and long journeys. The publication aims to research the theoretical foundations and genesis of travel anthropology, outline its fundamental principles, and highlight interaction with related sciences. The article’s defining objectives are the analysis of the synthesis of fundamental research approaches in travel anthropology and their implementation in journalism. When we analyze what methods are used by modern authors, also called «cultural observers», we can return to the localization strategy, namely the centering of the culture around a particular place, village, or another spatial object. It is about the participants-observers and how the workplace is limited in space and time and the broader concept of fieldwork. Some disciplinary practices are confused with today’s complex, interactive cultural conjunctures, leading us to think of a laboratory of controlled observations. Indeed, disciplinary approaches have changed since Malinowski’s time. Based on the experience of fieldwork of Svitlana Aleksievich, Katarzyna Kwiatkowska-Moskalewicz, or Malgorzata Reimer, we can conclude that in modern journalism, where the tools of travel anthropology are used, the practical methods of complexity, reflexivity, principles of openness, and semiotics are decisive. Their authors implement both for stable localization and for a prevailing transition.
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