Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking"

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Yungkurth, Erika J., and Bruce G. Coury. "Orientation Information on Spatial Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 34, no. 19 (1990): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129003401912.

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Pomara, Lars Y., Robert J. Cooper, and Lisa J. Petit. "Mixed-Species Flocking and Foraging Behavior of Four Neotropical Warblers in Panamanian Shade Coffee Fields and Forests." Auk 120, no. 4 (2003): 1000–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.4.1000.

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Abstract We quantified foraging rates and foraging visibility metrics for four Neotropical warblers—Slate-throated Redstart (Myoborus miniatus), Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus), Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), and Black-and-White Warbler (Mniotilta varia)—under flocking and solitary conditions in western Panama to test hypotheses regarding the relative influences of predation pressure and social facilitation on foraging behavior. We also compared foraging behavior in primary forests and in traditionally managed shade coffee fields for two species (Slate-throated Redstart and Wilson's Warbler) to estimate spatial variation in foraging behavior and compare it to variation due to social situation (flocking or solitary). We then assessed the contribution of spatial variation in flocking propensity to the total spatial variation in foraging rates within species. We observed very little overall within-species variability in foraging behavior between social situations or study locations. Only Slate-throated Redstart's behavior was consistent with the hypothesis that flock membership reduces predation pressure and therefore reduces the amount of foraging time spent being vigilant against predators, allowing birds to forage more quickly and find more prey items per minute. No species' behavior supported the hypothesis that flocking birds forage more efficiently than solitary birds by obtaining useful information from flock mates about the location or suitability of foraging resources or techniques. The effort required to find prey items did not vary between study locations (forest and coffee field plots) for Wilson's Warbler. Because flocking also had no effect on foraging behavior of Wilson's Warbler, a reduction in flocking propensity in coffee habitat, relative to forest, did not cause further foraging behavior differences between study locations. Spatial variation in Slate-throated Redstart's foraging behavior independent of a flocking effect was minor; but flocking affected foraging rates, and flocking propensity was lower in coffee fields than in forest, so that location and flocking effects combined to widen foraging rate differences between locations. Thus, variations in flocking behavior and foraging behavior interacted differently for those two species.
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Chua, Fook Kee. "The processing of spatial frequency and orientation information." Perception & Psychophysics 47, no. 1 (1990): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03208168.

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Endsley, Mica R., and S. Armida Rosiles. "Vertical Auditory Localization for Spatial Orientation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 1 (1995): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900113.

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The use of three-dimensional auditory technology which provides localization of auditory cues presented through headphones is proposed as a means of providing supplemental information to pilots on the spatial orientation of an aircraft. This technique shows promise for reducing accidents due to spatial disorientation associated with high visual load. A study was conducted using Air Force pilots as subjects to determine desirable cue characteristics for accurately localizing auditory cues using this technique. The study examined the use of nine different cue types at each of two frequency levels. It was found that the accuracy of subjects' localization of cues in elevation was greatly enhanced by the use of multidimensional cues which provided redundant elevation information through varying frequencies and distance from the horizon cues in addition to the inherent spatial location information.
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Olzak, Lynn A., and Thomas D. Wickens. "Discrimination of Complex Patterns: Orientation Information is Integrated across Spatial Scale; Spatial-Frequency and Contrast Information are Not." Perception 26, no. 9 (1997): 1101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p261101.

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Real-world objects are complex, containing information at multiple orientations and spatial scales. It is well established that at initial cortical stages of processing, local information about an image is separately represented at multiple spatial scales. However, it is not yet established how these early representations are later integrated across scale to signal useful information about complex stimulus features, such as edges and textures. In the studies reported here, we investigate the scale-integration processes involved in distinguishing among complex patterns. We use a concurrent-response paradigm in which observers simultaneously judge two components of compound gratings that differ widely in spatial frequency. In different experiments, each component takes one of two slightly different values along the dimensions of spatial frequency, contrast, or orientation. Using analyses developed within the framework of a multivariate extension of signal-detection theory, we ask how information about the frequency, contrast, or orientation of the components is or is not integrated across the two grating components. Our techniques permit us to isolate and identify interactions due to excitatory or inhibitory processes from effects due to noise, and to separately assess any attentional limitations that might occur in processing. Results indicate that orientation information is fully integrated across spatial scales within a limited orientation band and that decisions are based entirely on the summed information. Information about spatial frequency and contrast is not summed over spatial scale; cross-scale results show sensory independence. However, our results suggest that observers cannot simultaneously use information about frequency or contrast when it is presented at different spatial scales. Our results provide direct evidence for the existence of a higher-level summing circuit tailored to signal information about orientation. The properties of this mechanism differ substantially from edge-detector mechanisms proposed by Marr and others.
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Martínez-Clark, R., C. Cruz-Hernández, J. Pliego-Jimenez, and A. Arellano-Delgado. "Control algorithms for the emergence of self-organized behaviours in swarms of differential-traction wheeled mobile robots." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 6 (2018): 172988141880643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418806435.

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This article proposes three control algorithms for the emergence of self-organized behaviours, including aggregation, flocking and rendezvous, in swarm robotics systems. The proposed control algorithms are based on a local polar coordinates’ control law available in the literature for posture regulation; this law is adapted to work in a self-organized robotic swarm using distance and bearing as coupling information. Therefore, the robots only need to know the radial distance and orientation to the goal; additionally, the three algorithms are based on self-organization, eliminating the need for a preset coupling topology among the robots. In particular, the flocking algorithm has a first stage for topology creation, while the rendezvous and aggregation algorithms change the topology on every iteration depending on the local interactions of the robots. The effectiveness of the algorithms was evaluated through numerical simulations of swarms of up to 100 differential traction wheeled mobile robots.
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MacEachren, Alan M. "Learning Spatial Information from Maps: Can Orientation-Specificity Be Overcome?∗." Professional Geographer 44, no. 4 (1992): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1992.00431.x.

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Dakin, Steven C. "Information limit on the spatial integration of local orientation signals." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 18, no. 5 (2001): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.18.001016.

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Maij, Femke, Eli Brenner, and Jeroen B. J. Smeets. "Temporal Information Can Influence Spatial Localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 1 (2009): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91253.2008.

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To localize objects relative to ourselves, we need to combine various sensory and motor signals. When these signals change abruptly, as information about eye orientation does during saccades, small differences in latency between the signals could introduce localization errors. We examine whether independent temporal information can influence such errors. We asked participants to follow a randomly jumping dot with their eyes and to point at flashes that occurred near the time they made saccades. Such flashes are mislocalized. We presented a tone at different times relative to the flash. We found that the flash was mislocalized as if it had occurred closer in time to the tone. This demonstrates that temporal information is taken into consideration when combining sensory information streams for localization.
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Hill, Oliver W., and M. Hadi Moadab. "Spatial Information and Temporal Representation in Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3_suppl (1995): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1339.

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This study examined the effect of spatial cues on memory for temporal order. Improved performance for temporal order with added spatial cues was found only for certain directions and orientations. Dependent measures included memory for items, order, and response latency. The presence of a spatial cue had a significant effect on memory for order but not on memory for an item. For response latency, there were significant main effects for visual field and direction. There were also several significant interactions of visual field, direction, and orientation. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the relationship of spatial and temporal information in memory are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking"

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Burt, de Perera Theresa. "Social factors in the acquisition of orientational information in the homing pigeon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390470.

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Zhao, Jiayan. "Supporting spatial orientation| Using resizable icons to visualize distant landmarks on mobile phones." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10111944.

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<p> Mobile phones have become so popular in navigation. Empirical studies, however, have implied several pitfalls of using these mobile systems. First of all, the small size of the mobile screen fragmentizes the map information so that users have to interact with the display frequently for fear of disorientation. In addition, generated navigation guides with continuous displays of routing information relieves users&rsquo; cognitive load, but the excessive reliance on the displayed spatial information keeps the users being mindless of the environment that impacts their acquisition of spatial knowledge. Later, landmarks as important referents were suggested to help users integrate the current surroundings with further decision points to support their sense of direction and cognitive mapping. But the small display limited users to access the landmarks located out of the view. To address this issue, designs attempt to display distant landmarks at the edge of screen as a way to overcome the aforementioned limits. In order to enhance spatial orientation while using mobile devices, this study introduced an improved design that not only display the direction but also the distance concept of distant landmarks by changing in size as an indicator of the distance from a user&rsquo;s location. Built on this, two kinds of mechanism were designed to present the distance concept by icons of different sizes: one is based on ratio scale that icons change in size continuously based on an established ratio to the actual distance between the user and the distant location. The other mechanism is based on ordinal scale which assigns one of three different sizes to a certain range of distance implying near, middle, and far. A formal user study was carried out to compare efficiency of these two mechanisms in four types of distance comparison tasks. Results show that ordinal icons are more effective than ratio icons in visualizing relative distances between two distant landmarks. But for both mechanisms, users have challenges distinguishing distant landmarks from local landmarks when displayed on screen simultaneously. A further step is to explore some other feasible options of representing distance.</p>
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Bergqvist, Emil. "Spatial orientation & imagery : What are the gender differences in spatial orientation and mental imaging when navigating a virtual environment with only auditory cues?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11270.

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This thesis analyses the gender differences in spatial orientation and mental imagery when navigating a virtual environment with only auditory cues. A prototype was developed for an iPod Touch device to evaluate possible gender difference in performance of orientation. A sketch map task was conducted to externalize the participants’ mental representation they achieved from the environment. Questionnaires were used to collect data on previous video game experience, spatial orientation self-assessment and spatial anxiety. A post-interview was conducted to gather qualitative information from the participants on how they experienced the experiment and to collect some background about them. In total, 30 participants (15 females, 15 males) with tertiary education participated in the experiment. The result indicates that there are gender differences in time to complete the tasks in the virtual environment. In the sketch map task, there were no gender differences in how well they sketch and externalize their mental representation of the environment. The post-interview showed tendencies that there are possible gender differences in vividness of mental imagery.
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Twyman, Alexandra Dawn. "INTEGRATION OF FEATURAL AND GEOMETRIC INFORMATION IN REORIENTATION: EVIDENCE FOR AN ADAPTIVE COMBINATION MODEL." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/158224.

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Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>This paper examines the integration of geometric and feature cues in spatial memory with a modified version of the spatial reorientation task. Proponents of the geometric module position argue that there is an encapsulated reorientation module, and that true reorientation is accomplished only via geometry (Lee & Spelke, 2010). Features can be used in a second and separate step, but only to locate a goal rather than as a reorientation cue. In contrast, proponents of the adaptive combination approach argue that geometry and feature cues are integrated in spatial memory and that both cues can be used to facilitate reorientation (Newcombe & Ratliff, 2007). The present experiment provides support for the adaptive combination position. The first phase of the experiment was a reorientation task in a trapezoid enclosure (unambiguous geometry) with a narrow feature strip (unambiguous feature). During training, participants started facing a set direction, were disoriented, and then were asked to return to the original facing direction using the geometry, the feature, or both. During these training trials, participants were biased in the direction of the feature, indicating that both features and geometry might be integrated in a Bayesian fashion in spatial memory. The test trials provided additional support for integration and the adaptive combination position. There were four conflict test conditions where the feature moved in relation to the geometry present in training. When the feature moved a small distance in the direction of the geometry, when the feature moved to a novel wall, or when the feature moved a small distance away from the geometry of an acute corner angle, participants selected the correct geometric position. In contrast, when the feature moved a small distance away from the geometry of an obtuse corner angle or when the feature moved a moderate distance away from the geometry of either an acute or an obtuse angle, participants integrated their response and selected and area between the training geometry and feature. The modularity position predicts choices exclusively at the geometry position. This was not found. The adaptive combination position predicts that features and geometry will sometimes be used independently and crucially can be integrated. The data support this position. In sum, the present research provides the first evidence for integration of geometric and feature cues in adult spatial memory during reorientation, and supports the adaptive combination position. Additionally, a mini spatial battery was administered to participants. Correlations of individual differences in spatial skills with reorientation in this paradigm are discussed.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Hoffman, Megan L. "Memory for "what", "where", and "when" information by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and adult humans." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11212007-001917/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. David A. Washburn, committee chair; Eric Vanman, Michael J. Beran, Heather Kleider, committee members. Electronic text (76 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76).
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Lindsay, Jeffrey Thomas. "The effect of a simultaneous speech discrimination task on navigation in a virtual." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04102006-103948/.

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Andersson, Li. "Självständigt Flöde : En studie om självständig orienterbarhet på Björnkullas äldre- och demensboende." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12749.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how the design of the wards, at Björnkulla nursing home, affects the residents’ wayfinding ability and autonomy. Thus, the aim has been to make a design proposal that, trough color and design can increase the residents’ chance to independent mobility. Since the study aimed to examine how the environment affect and can support people with dementia, qualitative methods were used. Observations of the two dementia wards were carried out as a starting point, and as a means to compare the different design of the two wards. The observations were complimented by two informant interviews, with people linked to the nursing home, the head of unite and the occupational therapist. The result show that staff, in most cases, guides the residents between the common room and the residents own apartments. In addition, the residents ask for help when they need to visit the toilet and often remain seated in the same place throughout the day, with the exception of those who exhibit wandering behavior. The results clearly state that people suffering from dementia are dependent on the spatial design in order to orient themselves independently. The results also show the benefit of an open floor plan with almost immediate visual access to main destinations. The major weakness, of the wards current design, concerns the ability of the residents to independently find their way from the common room back to their own apartment. Mainly because the doors do not distinguish themselves from each other. This would suggest that the most important design feature, for a person suffering from dementia, is transparency. In the meaning direct view of the destination. Complimented by clear and distinct landmarks. The design proposal therefore supports aiming as a wayfinding strategy. As a result it contains a color-coding system, that distinguish the residents doors, and additional landmarks that facilitate wayfinding from one decision point to the next, when the doors are not directly visible. Also included in the design proposal is a concept that can help minimize wandering.<br>Avsikten med studien har varit att undersöka hur utformningen av avdelningarna, på Björnkulla äldre- och demensboende, påverkar de boendes orienterbarhet och självständighet. Därmed har syftet varit att finna ett gestaltningsförslag som via färg och form kan ge de boende större möjligheter till självständig rörlighet. Eftersom studien syftar till att utreda hur miljön påverkar och kan stödja personer med demens, har kvalitativa metoder använts. Som utgångspunkt utfördes observationer på boendets två demensavdelningar, eftersom dessa skiljer sig åt i sin utformning. Observationerna lade grunden för informantintervjuer med två personer som är knutna till boendet; enhetschefen och arbetsterapeuten. Resultatet visar att personalen i de flesta fall följer med de boende mellan de gemensamma utrymmena och den egna lägenheten. Dessutom ber de boende om hjälp när de ska till toaletten och blir ofta sittande på ett och samma ställe i de gemensamma utrymmena. Undantaget är de personer som uppvisar vandringsbeteende. Resultaten påvisar tydligt att de dementa är beroende av miljöns utformning för att kunna orientera sig självständigt. De visar också styrkan i den öppna planlösningen och en nästan omedelbar visuell tillgången till avgörande platser. Bristerna, i de befintliga avdelningarnas utformning, finns framförallt när de boende ska ta sig tillbaka till de egna lägenheterna eftersom dörrarna inte särskiljer sig från varandra. Det talar för att de viktigaste aspekterna för att stödja en dement person att orientera sig och hitta självständigt på en avdelning, är visuell transparens och tydliga, distinkta landmärken. Gestaltningsförslaget stödjer på grund av detta wayfinding strategin aming. Det innehåller därför ett färgkodningssystem, som särskiljer de boendes dörrar. Färgkodningssystemet kompletteras också med ytterligare landmärken som kan stödja orientering från beslutspunkt till beslutspunkt, när dörrarna inte är direkt synliga. Dessutom ingår, i gestaltningsförslaget, ett koncept som kan hjälpa till att stimulera till mindre vandringsbeteende.
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Vu, Celina. "’’Följ den röda tråden’’ : En studie om att hitta till rätt väntrum på en vårdcentral." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49266.

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Detta är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Studien har skett på Vårdcentralen Linden i Katrineholm, där patienter har svårt att hitta till rätt väntrum. Syftet med mitt examensarbete har varit att förtydliga orienterbarheten till väntrummen på vårdcentralen. Ett gestaltningsförslag ska skapas som ska underlätta för patienter att hitta till rättväntrum. I studien har metoder som rumsanalys, enkäter och kvalitativa intervjuer använts för att få en uppfattning om patienters upplevelser på vårdcentralen. Genom metoderna visade det sig att bl.a. många föredrog att få information omväntrum när man är på plats. Resultat från litteraturstudier och insamlad empirin har därefter lett till ett gestaltningsförslag som ska fungera som en röd tråd från incheckning till väntrummen.<br>This is a thesis in Information Design with a focus on Spatial Design. The study has been done in Vårdcentral Linden, a health centre in Katrineholm, where patients have been experiencing difficulty finding their way to the right waiting room. The purpose of this thesis has been to improve orientation to the waiting rooms in the health centre. A design proposal will be made to make it easier for patients to find the right waiting room. In this study, methods such as space analysis, surveys and interviews have been used to get an idea of the patient’s experiences at the health centre. The methods showed that, for instance, many people preferred to get information about waiting rooms while on the spot. Results from literature studies and analysis of collected data have subsequentlyled to a design proposal that will act as a “red thread” from the check-in area to the waiting rooms.
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Meijer, Lönnroth Sara. "Var är jag? Och vart ska jag? : En studie om att förstå en plats och hitta rätt." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52712.

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This is a thesis in Information design with focus on Spatial Design. This study examines how information can be shaped and placed in a multipurpose building to make it easier for the visitor to understand the place and find their way. The examined place is Kulturhuset in Hallstahammar, where the target audience is visitor who has no experience or very little experience of the place. The purpose of the thesis is to explore how information design in a spatial context can be designed to facilitate the understanding and simplify the orientability of a multi-story building, in a house with multipurpose.    Through literature studies, place analysis, survey with expert users and an analysis of similar projects, a design proposal has been produced that has been presented through rendered images. The results of the study show that a map of the building provides a clear overview of the premises and the activities Kulturhuset offers. Together with color coding and pictograms, visitors can easily see where their destination is and how to get there.<br>Detta är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning på rumslig gestaltning. Denna studien undersöker hur information kan utformas och placeras i en komplex yta för att underlätta för människor att förstå en plats och hitta rätt. Platsen som undersöks är Kulturhuset i Hallstahammar där målgruppen är nya besökare som inte har någon eller endast lite vetskap om platsen. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utforska hur informationsdesign i en rumslig kontext kan utformas för att underlätta förståelsen samt förenkla orienterbarheten i en flervåningsbyggnad, som inrymmer flera olika verksamheter.   Genom litteraturstudier, platsanalys, frågeformulär med expertanvändare samt en omvärldsanalys har ett gestaltningsförslag kunnat tagits fram som presenterats genom renderade bilder. Resultatet av studien påvisar att en karta över byggnaden ger en tydlig överblick över lokalerna samt verksamheterna som huserar i byggnaden. Tillsammans med färgkodning och piktogram kan besökare enkelt se vart deras slutmål för att sedan kunna ta sig dit.
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Presotto, Andréa. "Mapas cognitivos de primatas: análise de movimentos e rotas de Cebus nigritus apoiada por sistemas de informação geográfica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-12032010-092209/.

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Os macacos-prego são primatas bastante flexíveis quanto à sua alimentação, ocupando ambientes com características diversas e, por isso, possuindo a mais ampla distribuição geográfica entre os primatas do Novo Mundo. Possuem habilidades como o uso de ferramentas e reconhecimento espacial de sua área de uso na busca por alimentos, utilizando sistemas de orientação egocêntrico e alocêntrico. No entanto, estudos sobre o sistema de orientação desses animais em vida livre, com observação naturalística, são raros. Pelas similaridades filogenéticas e convergências adaptativas com humanos, principalmente no que se refere à variabilidade comportamental associada à diversidade dos ambientes ocupados, pesquisas sobre cognição espacial de Cebus nigritus são necessárias e importantes para investigar se a flexibilidade comportamental desse primata observa-se também quanto às capacidades de orientação espacial. O objetivo desse estudo foi contribuir para o entendimento dos sistemas de orientação que podem estar envolvidos quando os macacos-pregos constroem suas rotas. Os sujeitos desse estudo são macacos-pregos (Cebus nigritus) selvagens, vivendo na Mata Atlântica, no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), porção sul do Estado de São Paulo. Os macacosprego foram seguidos durante dias consecutivos em um total de 100 dias (2006, 2007 e 2008) e seus movimentos foram registrados como pontos de coordenadas geográficas com o uso de GPS. As rotas foram então mapeadas e analisadas com o apoio de tecnologia de sistemas de informação geográfica (ArcView 9.2 e 9.3). As rotas foram analisadas em mapas topográficos e modelos em terceira dimensão. Com o uso de sistemas de informação geográfica foram realizadas análises para verificar se os animais deslocam-se por um sistema de mapa de redes preferenciais; se aumentam a velocidade de deslocamento quando se aproximam de uma fonte de alimento ou sítio de dormida, o que seria evidência de memória espacial; se fazem uma trajetória mais linear, quando se aproximam de uma fonte de alimento ou sítio de dormida, o que seria evidência de orientação alocêntrica. Os resultados indicaram que os macacos-prego vivendo no PECB não se deslocam por um sistema de mapa de redes preferenciais e se deslocam em maior velocidade e linearidade para fontes de alimento conhecidas, sugerindo que possuem memória da localização destas fontes. Em metade da amostra, os animais atingem as fontes de alimento por meio de atalhos, sugerindo o uso de um mecanismo de orientação alocêntrico.<br>Capuchin monkeys are remarkable for their flexible foraging behavior, occupying environments with diverse characteristics, and, because of these elements they have the largest geographic distribution among the New World primates. They have skills such as tool use and spatial recognition of their home range when searching for food, relying on both egocentric and allocentric orientation systems. However, studies about the orientation systems of these animals in the wild, with naturalistic observation, are rare. Because of the adaptive convergence and phylogenetic similarities to humans, mainly with regards to behavioral variability linked to the diversity of occupied environments, research on Cebus nigritus spatial cognition are required and important to investigate whether the behavioral flexibility of these primates is also observed in terms of their spatial orientation skills. The goal of this study was to contribute to the comprehension of the orientation systems that may be involved when the capuchin monkeys build their routes. The subjects of this study are wild capuchin monkeys (Cebus nigritus), living as a group, in the Atlantic Forest, in the Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB), southern portion of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The capuchin monkeys were followed during consecutive days totaling 100 days (2006, 2007, and 2008) and their movements were registered as points of geographic coordinates with the use of GPS. The routes were then mapped and analyzed with the support of geographic information systems (ArcView 9.2 and 9.3). The routes were analyzed in topographic maps and three-dimensional models. Multiple analyses, supported by geographic information systems, were developed to verify if the animals move according to a system of network routes; if they increase their moving speed when closer to a source of food or sleeping site (evidence of spatial memory); if they use a more linear path, when closer to a source of food or sleeping site (evidence of allocentric orientation). Findings suggest that capuchin monkeys living in PECB do not move based on a system of network routes and do move faster and more linearly to know sources of food, suggesting that they have memory of the location of such sources. In half of the cases, the animals reach the sources of food using shortcuts, suggesting the use of an allocentric orientation mechanism.
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Books on the topic "Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking"

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Es'kov, Evgeniy. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1229809.

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The monograph, based on the use of literary information and research materials of the author, attempts to systematize the influence of natural and anthropogenic electric fields on biological objects of different levels of complexity. The origin of cosmic and terrestrial magnetism is described and the influence of this factor on the physiological state, viability and development of plant and animal objects is analyzed. The biological effects of magnetic storms are investigated. The mechanisms of generation, perception and use of electric fields in signaling and spatial orientation of animals are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the analysis of specific reactions of animals to electromagnetic fields. The prospects of using electromagnetic fields to control the behavior of animals and direct influence on the growth processes of plant objects are considered.&#x0D; For a wide range of readers interested in the possibilities of controlling animal behavior and influencing plant growth.
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Scolari, Miranda, Edward F. Ester, and John T. Serences. Feature- and Object-Based Attentional Modulation in the Human Visual System. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.009.

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To increase efficiency, sensory systems process only a subset of available inputs in accord with the behavioural goals of the observer. The mechanisms that support the prioritization of relevant over irrelevant stimuli, referred to collectively as selective attention, can operate on the basis of spatial location (space-based attention), low-level visual features (e.g. orientation or colour; feature-based attention), or holistic objects (object-based attention). This chapter reviews human behavioural, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging data pertaining to the effects and control of the latter two mechanisms. Based on an increasingly rich literature spanning several decades, the authors argue that even though feature- and object-based attention are often treated as independent mechanisms, they should instead be described along a single continuum in which the information selected for prioritized processing (whether it be a single feature or a holistic object representation) is flexibly dictated by task demands.
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Book chapters on the topic "Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking"

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Taylor, Holly A., David H. Uttal, Joan Fisher, and Marshall Mazepa. "Ambiguity in Acquiring Spatial Representation from Descriptions Compared to Depictions: The Role of Spatial Orientation." In Spatial Information Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45424-1_19.

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Freksa, Christian. "Using orientation information for qualitative spatial reasoning." In Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55966-3_10.

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Xiong, Zhansheng, Zhenhua Wang, Zheng Wang, and Jianhua Zhang. "Deep Spatial-Temporal Field for Human Head Orientation Estimation." In Neural Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36718-3_42.

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Moratz, Reinhard, and Jan Oliver Wallgrün. "Spatial Reasoning about Relative Orientation and Distance for Robot Exploration." In Spatial Information Theory. Foundations of Geographic Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39923-0_5.

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Zhou, Xiao Ming, Chuan Heng Ang, and Tok Wang Ling. "Applying Augmented Orientation Spatial Similarity Retrieval in Pictorial Database." In Advances in Visual Information Management. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35504-7_12.

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Paillard, J. "Cognitive Versus Sensorimotor Encoding of Spatial Information." In Cognitive Processes and Spatial Orientation in Animal and Man. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3533-4_5.

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Tsang, Steve Ngai Hung, Ken W. L. Chan, and Alan H. S. Chan. "Effects of Stimulus Orientation, Grouping and Alignment on Spatial S-R Compatibility." In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction Design. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39209-2_73.

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Lawson, Ben D., John Christopher Brill, Linda-Brooke I. Thompson, Amanda M. Kelley, Casey R. Harris, and Angus H. Rupert. "Human Factors to Consider During the Early Development and Dissemination of New Displays to Improve Spatial Orientation and Situation Awareness." In Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Knowledge Design. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20612-7_40.

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Scerrati, Elisa, Cristina Iani, and Sandro Rubichi. "Does the Activation of Motor Information Affect Semantic Processing?" In Language, Cognition, and Mind. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_7.

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AbstractSeveral behavioral studies show that semantic content influences reach-to-grasp movement responses. However, not much is known about the influence of motor activation on semantic processing. The present study aimed at filling this gap by examining the influence of pre-activated motor information on a subsequent lexical decision task. Participants were instructed to observe a prime object (e.g., the image of a frying pan) and then judge whether the following target was a known word in the lexicon or not. They were required to make a keypress response to target words describing properties either relevant (e.g., handle) or irrelevant (e.g., ceramic) for action or unrelated to the prime object (e.g., eyelash). Response key could be located on the same side as the depicted action-relevant property of the prime object (i.e., spatially compatible key) or on the opposite side (i.e., spatially incompatible key). Results showed a facilitation in terms of lower percentage errors when the target word was action-relevant (e.g., handle) and there was spatial compatibility between the orientation of the action-relevant component of the prime object and the response. This preliminary finding suggests that the activation of motor information may affect semantic processing. We discuss implications of these results for current theories of action knowledge representation.
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Koutny, Reinhard, Sebastian Günther, Naina Dhingra, Andreas Kunz, Klaus Miesenberger, and Max Mühlhäuser. "Accessible Multimodal Tool Support for Brainstorming Meetings." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58805-2_2.

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AbstractIn recent years, assistive technology and digital accessibility for blind and visually impaired people (BVIP) has been significantly improved. Yet, group discussions, especially in a business context, are still challenging as non-verbal communication (NVC) is often depicted on digital whiteboards, including deictic gestures paired with visual artifacts. However, as NVC heavily relies on the visual perception, whichrepresents a large amount of detail, an adaptive approach is required that identifies the most relevant information for BVIP. Additionally, visual artifacts usually rely on spatial properties such as position, orientation, and dimensions to convey essential information such as hierarchy, cohesion, and importance that is often not accessible to the BVIP. In this paper, we investigate the requirements of BVIP during brainstorming sessions and, based on our findings, provide an accessible multimodal tool that uses non-verbal and spatial cues as an additional layer of information. Further, we contribute by presenting a set of input and output modalities that encode and decode information with respect to the individual demands of BVIP and the requirements of different use cases.
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Conference papers on the topic "Spatial information; Orientation; Flocking"

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Li, Rongxing, Boris Skopljak, Shaojun He, Pingbo Tang, Alper Yilmaz, and Jinwei Jiang. "A spatial orientation and information system for indoor spatial awareness." In the 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop. ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1865885.1865889.

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Hellwich, Olaf, Christian Heipke, Liang Tang, Heinrich Ebner, and Werner Mayr. "Experiences with automatic relative orientation." In Spatial Information from Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision: ISPRS Commission III Symposium, edited by Heinrich Ebner, Christian Heipke, and Konrad Eder. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.182826.

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Kroupová, Kateřina. "Tactile Information As A Facilitating Element In The Spatial Orientation." In ICEEPSY 2019 - 10th International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.11.68.

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Zhang, Xuguang, Honghai Sun, and Yanjie Wang. "Integrated Intensity, Orientation Code and Spatial Information for Robust Tracking." In 2007 2nd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2007.4318729.

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Purohit, Parijat Prashun, Fardina Fathmiul Alam, and S. M. Mostaq Hossain. "Introducing spatial orientation sensitive cellphone messaging system for blind people." In 2015 International Conference on Computer and Information Engineering (ICCIE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccie.2015.7399328.

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Wiemker, Rafael, and Thomas Hepp. "Surface orientation invariant matching of spectral signatures." In Spatial Information from Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision: ISPRS Commission III Symposium, edited by Heinrich Ebner, Christian Heipke, and Konrad Eder. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.182878.

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Williams, Robert L., Elvedin Kljuno, and J. Jim Zhu. "Spatial 3-SUR 1-RU Platform Robot Inverse Orientation Kinematics." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59291.

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This paper describes the spatial three-dof 3-SUR 1-RU spherical Parallel Platform Robot. This type of robot has been previously proposed by other authors, but the present design, platform-mounted actuators, and application are unique. Further, the inverse kinematics problem is solved analytically. This robot is under development at Ohio University to serve as the active orienting device for aerodynamic testing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with up to 3 m wingspan. The UAV will be tested on a Windmobile which is a ground vehicle that is driven with the test article on an instrumented truss extended in the front in an undisturbed flow field. This system is an inexpensive substitute for a large-scale wind tunnel for measuring aerodynamic parameters of the UAV. The three-degrees-of-freedom (dof) of the platform robot are actively controlled by three servomotors (R joints) mounted to the underside of the moving platform and there is a passive fourth middle leg with passive R-U joints for support. The inverse orientation kinematics (IOK) problem is formulated and solved analytically in this paper. Given the three desired Euler Angles, the three required actuator angles are found. Geometrically this analytical solution is equivalent to finding the intersection point of two circles on different planes, independently for each of the three platform robot legs. The analytical solution requires finding the roots of a quartic polynomial. There are at most two real solutions (elbow-up and elbow-down) which means that there are always at least two imaginary solutions to the IOK problem, which are discarded. Examples are presented to demonstrate the platform robot IOK solution algorithm for use in practical platform robot control.
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Niini, Ilkka. "Relative orientation of multiple images using projective singular correlation." In Spatial Information from Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision: ISPRS Commission III Symposium, edited by Heinrich Ebner, Christian Heipke, and Konrad Eder. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.182902.

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Petsa, Elli, and Petros G. Patias. "Relative orientation of image triples using straight linear features." In Spatial Information from Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision: ISPRS Commission III Symposium, edited by Heinrich Ebner, Christian Heipke, and Konrad Eder. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.182907.

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Jin, Zhe, Q. J. Ge, and J. Rastegar. "On the Computation of Spatial Angular Orientation From Angular Position Sensor Data." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85240.

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Recently, it has been discovered that RF waveguides can be used as onboard wireless sensors for the direct measurements of angular positions of a moving object and that a combination of RF waveguides may be used to measure full spatial angular orientation of the object. This paper deals with the computational issues that arise in resolving the spatial orientation from the measurement data of a set of RF waveguide sensors. The paper presents an algorithm that combines a heuristic search method with the least-squares approach for computing the full orientation of an object. The goal is to develop a general and efficient method for computing spatial orientation from the sensor data of a class of angular position sensors that have smooth sensor profiles.
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