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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial metrics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Koch, Julian, Mehmet Cüneyd Demirel, and Simon Stisen. "The SPAtial EFficiency metric (SPAEF): multiple-component evaluation of spatial patterns for optimization of hydrological models." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 5 (2018): 1873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1873-2018.

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Abstract. The process of model evaluation is not only an integral part of model development and calibration but also of paramount importance when communicating modelling results to the scientific community and stakeholders. The modelling community has a large and well-tested toolbox of metrics to evaluate temporal model performance. In contrast, spatial performance evaluation does not correspond to the grand availability of spatial observations readily available and to the sophisticate model codes simulating the spatial variability of complex hydrological processes. This study makes a contribu

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Parisien, Marc-André, Vernon S. Peters, Yonghe Wang, John M. Little, Erin M. Bosch, and Brian J. Stocks. "Spatial patterns of forest fires in Canada, 1980 - 1999." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 3 (2006): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06009.

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The present study characterized the spatial patterns of forest fires in 10 fire-dominated ecozones of Canada by using a database of mapped fires ≥200 ha from 1980 to 1999 (n = 5533 fires). Spatial metrics were used individually to compare measures of fire size, shape (eccentricity and complexity), clustering, and geographic orientation among ecozones and were used concurrently in a multivariate analysis. In addition, a set of factors that influence the fire regime at the ecozone level – topography, climate, fuels, and anthropogenic factors – was compared with the metric outputs. We found signi

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Crowder, David W., and Panayiotis Diplas. "Evaluating spatially explicit metrics of stream energy gradients using hydrodynamic model simulations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (2000): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-074.

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Localized energy gradients and velocity shelters created by boulders, bars, and channel banks are often essential components of aquatic habitat. Two-dimensional hydraulic models have the potential to predict the amounts and locations of such spatially varying flow patterns. However, little effort has been devoted to reproducing these flow features and developing spatial habitat metrics to describe and differentiate between various types of flow patterns. Two-dimensional numerical simulations, based on actual channel geometry, are used here to model a variety of flow patterns encountered in nat

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Fry, Edward W. S., Sophie Triantaphillidou, Robin B. Jenkin, Ralph E. Jacobson, and John R. Jarvis. "Scene-and-Process-Dependent Spatial Image Quality Metrics." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (2019): 60407–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2019.63.6.060407.

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Abstract Spatial image quality metrics designed for camera systems generally employ the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) and a visual contrast detection model. Prior art indicates that scene-dependent characteristics of non-linear, content-aware image processing are unaccounted for by MTFs and NPSs measured by traditional methods. The authors present two novel metrics: the log Noise Equivalent Quanta (log NEQ) and Visual log NEQ. They both employ Scene-and-Process-Dependent MTF (SPD-MTF) and NPS (SPD-NPS) measures, which account for signal transfer and noise s

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Niedzielski, Michał. "Grocery store accessibility: Different metrics – Different modal disparity results and spatial patterns." Journal of Transport Geography 96, no. 103160 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103160.

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Most accessibility studies focus on within transport mode travel performance variations. However, modal accessibility disparity analysis adds value to the single-mode analysis by assessing the interaction between different transport modes and land use. A review of modal disparity studies shows that different accessibility metrics lead to different results, and so it is unclear how this impacts modal accessibility disparity variation. Moreover, the correspondence of the disparity spatial pattern between the different metrics is unclear. This research examines how three typical accessibility met

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Ikiriko, Tamunoikuronibo Dawaye, and Simeipiri Wenike Johnbull. "Quantifying Urban Sprawl: An Examination of Spatial Measurement and Metrics." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 1 (2024): 2097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0240.

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Crowder, David W., and Panayiotis Diplas. "Vorticity and circulation: spatial metrics for evaluating flow complexity in stream habitats." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 4 (2002): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-037.

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Channel topography, formed by boulders, submerged bars, and meanders, creates complex flow patterns. These flow patterns exist over a variety of spatial scales and provide habitat for many aquatic organisms. Spatial flow features cannot be adequately characterized with qualitative descriptions or hydraulic metrics such as depth and velocity. Two-dimensional hydraulic model simulations, based on detailed channel geometry, are used to develop and test vorticity (a point metric) and a circulation-based metric (an area metric) as means of quantifying spatial flows occurring within micro-, meso-, a

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Fu, Gang, Wei Wang, Junsheng Li, Nengwen Xiao, and Yue Qi. "Prediction and Selection of Appropriate Landscape Metrics and Optimal Scale Ranges Based on Multi-Scale Interaction Analysis." Land 10, no. 11 (2021): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111192.

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Landscape metrics are widely used in landscape planning and land use management. Understanding how landscape metrics respond with scales can provide more accurate prediction information; however, ignoring the interference of multi-scale interaction may lead to a severe systemic bias. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the scaling sensitivity of metrics based on multi-scale interaction and predict their optimal scale ranges. Using a big data method, the multivariate adaptive regression splines model (MARS), and the partial dependence model (PHP), we studied the scaling relationships of m

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Biraghi, C. A., and E. Lenzi. "SPATIAL PATTERN ANALYSIS THROUGH DISTRIBUTION METRICS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 1, 2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-69-2022.

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Abstract. Moving from the controversial results on the link between urban structure and performance aspect, this article wants to encourage the development of the independent research on urban structure, and more generally on spatial patterns, at different scales to enable future further correlations with a wider set of performance aspects (environmental, social, economic, medical). The work also exploits the potential of several unsupervised learning algorithms, whose performance and power are increasingly promising and whose use is becoming more widespread in different fields; but for which

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Rinck, Mike, Andrea Hähnel, Gordon H. Bower, and Ulrich Glowalla. "The metrics of spatial situation models." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 23, no. 3 (1997): 622–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.23.3.622.

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Souza, Bryan C., Rodrigo Pavão, Hindiael Belchior, and Adriano B. L. Tort. "On Information Metrics for Spatial Coding." Neuroscience 375 (April 2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.066.

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Vigness-Raposa, Kathleen J., Adam S. Frankel, Jennifer Giard, Kenneth T. Hunter, and William T. Ellison. "Acoustic scene metrics for spatial planning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (2014): 2367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877803.

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Ibadah, Nisrine, Khalid Minaoui, Mohammed Rziza, Mohammed Oumsis, and César Benavente-Peces. "Deep Validation of Spatial Temporal Features of Synthetic Mobility Models." Computers 7, no. 4 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040071.

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This paper analyzes the most relevant spatial-temporal stochastic properties of benchmark synthetic mobility models. Each pattern suffers from various mobility flaws, as will be shown by the models’ validation. A set of metrics is used to describe mobility features, such as the speed decay problem, the density wave phenomenon, the spatial node distribution, and the average neighbor percentage. These metrics have already been validated for the random waypoint mobility model (RWPMM), but they have not yet been verified for other mobility patterns that are most frequently used. For this reason, t

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Wohlgemuth, Melville, Angeles Salles, and Cynthia Moss. "Spatial attention in natural tasks." Molecular Psychology: Brain, Behavior, and Society 1 (December 22, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/molpsychol.17488.1.

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Little is known about fine scale neural dynamics that accompany rapid shifts in spatial attention in freely behaving animals, primarily because reliable indicators of attention are lacking in standard model organisms engaged in natural tasks. The echolocating bat can serve to bridge this gap, as it exhibits robust dynamic behavioral indicators of overt spatial attention as it explores its environment. In particular, the bat actively shifts the aim of its sonar beam to inspect objects in different directions, akin to eye movements and foveation in humans and other visually dominant animals. Fur

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Israel, Emil, and Amnon Frenkel. "Social justice and spatial inequality." Progress in Human Geography 42, no. 5 (2017): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132517702969.

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Justice has recently been deliberated in different spatial disciplines. Still, the question of its metrics remains unresolved. Accordingly, this article introduces a conceptual framework in which a metric notion of justice can be employed in different spatial contexts, drawing upon the theoretical conceptualization of Amartya Sen’s ‘capabilities’ and Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘field’, capital forms and ‘habitus’. The main hypothesis assumes that capital resources, which are formed in an individual’s living environment, determine their life chances, thus influencing spatial equality of opportunity (i.e

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Zhang, Ying, Jingxiong Zhang, Fengyan Wang, and Wenjing Yang. "Spatiotemporal Landscape Pattern Analyses Enhanced by an Integrated Index: A Study of the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071760.

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The analysis of spatiotemporal changes of landscape patterns is of great significance for forest protection. However, the selection of landscape metrics is often subjective, and existing composite landscape metrics rarely consider the effects of spatial correlation. A more objective approach to formulating composite landscape metrics involves proper weighting that incorporates spatial structure information into integrating individual conventional metrics selected for building a composite metric. This paper proposes an integrated spatial landscape index (ISLI) based on variogram modeling and en

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Choudhury, Anustup, and Scott Daly. "Comparing a spatial extension of ICTCP color representation with S-CIELAB and other recent color metrics for HDR and WCG quality assessment." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 15 (2020): 162–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.15.color-123.

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Content created in High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Wide Color Gamut (WCG) is becoming more ubiquitous, driving the need for reliable tools for evaluating the quality across the imaging ecosystem. One of the simplest techniques to measure the quality of any video system is to measure the color errors. The traditional color difference metrics such as ΔE00 and the newer HDR specific metrics such as ΔEZ and ΔEITP compute color difference on a pixel-by-pixel basis which do not account for the spatial effects (optical) and active processing (neural) done by the human visual system. In this work, we imp

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Warren, Joshua L., Montserrat Fuentes, Amy H. Herring, and Peter H. Langlois. "Air Pollution Metric Analysis While Determining Susceptible Periods of Pregnancy for Low Birth Weight." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (January 30, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/387452.

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Multiple metrics to characterize air pollution are available for use in environmental health analyses in addition to the standard Air Quality System (AQS) pollution monitoring data. These metrics have complete spatial-temporal coverage across a domain and are therefore crucial in calculating pollution exposures in geographic areas where AQS monitors are not present. We investigate the impact that two of these metrics, output from a deterministic chemistry model (CMAQ) and from a spatial-temporal downscaler statistical model which combines information from AQS and CMAQ (DS), have on risk assess

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Skok, Gregor. "A New Spatial Distance Metric for Verification of Precipitation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084048.

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Precipitation is an essential meteorological variable affecting the biosphere and human societies. At the same time, precipitation is notoriously difficult to predict and verify. A new spatial distance metric for verification of precipitation is presented. It is called the Precipitation Smoothing Distance (PSD). The aim was to develop a measure that would provide a good and meaningful approximation of the displacement of precipitation events in the two fields. An estimate of spatial displacement is very appealing for forecast interpretation because it is easy to understand and mimics how human

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Wang, Yuwei, and Dorukalp Durmus. "Image Quality Metrics, Personality Traits, and Subjective Evaluation of Indoor Environment Images." Buildings 12, no. 12 (2022): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122086.

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Adaptive lighting systems can be designed to detect the spatial characteristics of the visual environment and adjust the light output to increase visual comfort and performance. Such systems would require computational metrics to estimate occupants’ visual perception of indoor environments. This paper describes an experimental study to investigate the relationship between the perceived quality of indoor environments, personality, and computational image quality metrics. Forty participants evaluated the visual preference, clarity, complexity, and colorfulness of 50 images of indoor environments

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Gold, N. E., A. M. Mohan, and P. J. Layzell. "Spatial complexity metrics: an investigation of utility." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 31, no. 3 (2005): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2005.39.

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Lowry, John H., and Michael B. Lowry. "Comparing spatial metrics that quantify urban form." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 44 (March 2014): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2013.11.005.

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Valenzuela, Alvaro Q., and Juan Carlos G. Reyes. "Basic Spatial Resolution Metrics for Satellite Imagers." IEEE Sensors Journal 19, no. 13 (2019): 4914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2902512.

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Ziegeler, Sean B., James D. Dykes, and Jay F. Shriver. "Spatial Error Metrics for Oceanographic Model Verification." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 2 (2012): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00109.1.

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Abstract A common problem with modern numerical oceanographic models is spatial displacement, including misplacement and misshapenness of ocean circulation features. Traditional error metrics, such as least squares methods, are ineffective in many such cases; for example, only small errors in the location of a frontal pattern are translated to large differences in least squares of intensities. Such problems are common in meteorological forecast verification as well, so the application of spatial error metrics have been a recently popular topic there. Spatial error metrics separate model error

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Kedron, Peter, Yun Zhao, and Amy E. Frazier. "Three dimensional (3D) spatial metrics for objects." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 9 (2019): 2123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00861-4.

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Li, Cheng, Jie Zhao, Nguyen Xuan Thinh, Wenfu Yang, and Zhen Li. "ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIOTEMPORALLY VARYING EFFECTS OF URBAN SPATIAL PATTERNS ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURES." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 26, no. 3 (2018): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2018.5378.

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Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a worldwide phenomenon that have many ecological and social consequences. It has become increasingly important to examine the relationships between land surface temperatures (LSTs) and all related factors. This study analyses Landsat data, spatial metrics, and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model for a case study of Hangzhou, China, to explore the correlation between LST and urban spatial patterns. The LST data were retrieved from Landsat images. Spatial metrics were used to quantify the urban spatial patterns. The effects of the urban spatial patterns

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Makalalag, Wahyu Devito, Dwight Mooddy Rondonuwu, and Frits Ontang Poedjianto Siregar. "Analisis Dinamika Penggunaan Lahan Menggunakan Spatial Metrics di Kota Kotamobagu." Geomedia Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian 22, no. 2 (2024): 263–75. https://doi.org/10.21831/gm.v22i2.77102.

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Kota Kotamobagu terus menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan perkembangan prasarana dan sarana perkotaan yang memicu perubahan penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika pola spasial penggunaan lahan di Kota Kotamobagu menggunakan pendekatan spatial metrics. Dinamika pola spasial penggunaan lahan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan metric Number of Patch (NP), Patch Density (PD) dan Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI). Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan spatial metrics, kerapatan penggunaan lahan pada periode 2013-2028 menunjukkan pola perkembangan pengg

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Guo, Yakai, Changliang Shao, Guanjun Niu, Dongmei Xu, Yong Gao, and Baojun Yuan. "Calibration for Improving the Medium-Range Soil Forecast over Central Tibet: Effects of Objective Metrics’ Diversity." Atmosphere 15, no. 9 (2024): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091107.

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The high spatial complexities of soil temperature modeling over semiarid land have challenged the calibration–forecast framework, whose composited objective lacks comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, this study, based on the Noah land surface model and its full parameter table, utilizes two global searching algorithms and eight kinds of objectives with dimensional-varied metrics, combined with dense site soil moisture and temperature observations of central Tibet, to explore different metrics’ performances on the spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty of regional land surface parameters, calibr

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Yang, Chun Ting, Yang Liu, and Jing Yu. "Research on Video Sequences Quality Based on Motion Intensity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 1476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1476.

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Perception video sequences quality metrics are of great potential benefit to the video industry, as they promise the means to evaluate the performance of acquisition, display, coding and communication systems. Many researchers have focused on developing digital video sequences quality metrics which produce results that accurately emulate subjective responses. However, to be widely applicable a metric must also work over a wide range of quality, and be useful for in-service quality monitoring. We have developed novel video distortion metrics for video sequences. The temporal correlations of vid

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Ralevic, Nebojsa, Bratislav Iricanin, and Dejan Cebic. "Pseudo-linear combination of fuzzy metrics." Publications de l'Institut Mathematique 116, no. 130 (2024): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim2430035r.

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We explore a new fuzzy metric constructed from already defined fuzzy metrics over the same set using pseudo-linear combination. Operations used in pseudo-linear combination are triangular norm and conorm. The fuzzy space thus obtained is proved to be complete. Additional features related to this space are also presented. A fuzzy metric obtained in this way can be used to construct an image denoising procedure, from the fuzzy metrics used for the spatial distance and the color similarity measure between the pixels in the image. The goal is to enhance the sharpness and quality of the image, expr

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Herold, Martin, Joseph Scepan, and Keith C. Clarke. "The Use of Remote Sensing and Landscape Metrics to Describe Structures and Changes in Urban Land Uses." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 8 (2002): 1443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3496.

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Remote sensing technology has great potential for acquisition of detailed and accurate land-use information for management and planning of urban regions. However, the determination of land-use data with high geometric and thematic accuracy is generally limited by the availability of adequate remote sensing data, in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, and digital image analysis techniques. This study introduces a methodology using information on image spatial form—landscape metrics—to describe urban land-use structures and land-cover changes that result from urban growth. The analysis is

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Gavrilovic, Suzana, Nevena Vasiljevic, Boris Radic, and Vladimir Pihler. "Landscape metrics application in ecological and visual landscape assessment." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 116 (2017): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1716029g.

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The development of landscape-ecological approach application in spatial planning provides exact theoretical and empirical evidence for monitoring ecological consequences of natural and/or anthropogenic factors, particularly changes in spatial structures caused by them. Landscape pattern which feature diverse landscape values is the holder of the unique landscape character at different spatial levels and represents a perceptual domain for its users. Using the landscape metrics, the parameters of landscape composition and configuration are mathematical algorithms that quantify the specific spati

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Martinez, J. M. R., and J. Duffy. "On the Metrics of Rigid Body Displacements for Infinite and Finite Bodies." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 1 (1995): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826115.

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This paper presents a critical analysis of the metric of rigid body displacements obtained from the so-called kinematic mapping. It is shown that this metric is not suitable for finite rigid bodies. The paper also addresses the metrics obtained for the planar group, as it can be regarded as a subgroup of the group of all rigid body displacements, which is denoted here as the Euclidean group. Finally, the paper proposes some metrics for the set of spatial and planar displacements for a finite rigid body, undergoing a finite displacement.

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Turetta, Ana Paula Dias, Rachel Bardy Prado, and Gustavo de Souza Valladares. "Evaluating the Potential of Landscape Metrics in Supporting Landscape Planning in Atlantic Forest." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 4, no. 1 (2013): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaeis.2013010104.

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The landscapes are highly dependent on the dynamics of local land use and land cover, which directly affects landscape structure and determines the spatial patterns of forest patches, as well as to the major land uses within a specific region. The calculation of landscape metrics can support the understanding of such spatial distribution. In this study, 16 landscape metrics were analyzed in a drainage watershed in a high relief region in the Rio de Janeiro state, Southeastern Brazil, with the aim to evaluate the use of landscape metrics as indicators for agricultural management. Metrics calcul

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Alnahit, Ali O., Ashok K. Mishra, and Abdul A. Khan. "Evaluation of Various Land Use Metrics for Enhancing Stream Water Quality Predictions." Water 17, no. 6 (2025): 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060849.

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Water quality in streams is primarily affected by various land use practices. This study analyzes water quality data collected from the outlets of 113 watersheds across three South Atlantic states in the USA. The objective is to evaluate the relationship between different land use metrics and long-term stream water quality, specifically investigating whether incorporating the spatial proximity of various land uses to the stream and outlet can enhance predictions of stream water quality. To achieve this, four distinct metrics were utilized to assess their influence on stream water quality. The

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Chapiro, Alexandre, Param Hanji, Maliha Ashraf, Yuta Asano, and Rafal Mantiuk. "24‐1: Visible Difference Predictors: A Class of Perception‐Based Metrics." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17514.

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The Visible Difference Predictors are a class of data driven, white box, efficiently implemented image or video difference metrics. They model important aspects of perception like spatial and temporal vision, foveation, and more, and are calibrated on datasets relevant for display and graphics applications. In this paper, we present a historic retrospective of VDPs, and a high‐level technical overview and comparison to other metrics in the literature. Finally, we put forward a practical guide for selecting the appropriate metric for a given engineering problem and discuss how metrics can be ef

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Nikfar, Mehdi, Haoyang Mi, Chang Gong, Holly Kimko, and Aleksander S. Popel. "Quantifying Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Immunoarchitecture Generated In-Silico by a Spatial Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model." Cancers 15, no. 10 (2023): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102750.

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Spatial heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor heterogeneity can vary with time and location. The tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses various cell types and their interactions that impart response to therapies. Therefore, a quantitative evaluation of tumor heterogeneity is crucial for the development of effective treatments. Different approaches, such as multiregional sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, analysis of autopsy samples, and longitudinal analysis of biopsy samples, can be used to analyze the intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and temporal evolution and to reveal the mechan

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Aragon, Christina Marie, and David F. Hill. "Changing snow water storage in natural snow reservoirs." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 4 (2024): 781–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-781-2024.

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Abstract. This work introduces a novel snow metric, snow water storage (SwS), defined as the integrated area under the snow water equivalent (SWE) curve (units: length-time, e.g., m d). Unlike other widely used snow metrics that capture snow variables at a single point in time (e.g., maximum SWE) or describe temporal snow characteristics (e.g., length of snow season), SwS is applicable at numerous spatial and temporal scales. This flexibility in the SwS metric enables us to characterize the inherent reservoir function of snowpacks and quantify how this function has changed in recent decades. I

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Andika, I. P. A., M. P. Tambunan, and K. Marko. "Spatial pattern change of land use change in tidal flood area of the coast of Cirebon Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012025.

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Abstract Tidal flood is one of the threats found in the coastal areas of Cirebon Regency, especially in Pangenan, Gebang and Losari Districts. The changing coastal conditions and the changing land use have worsened the tidal flood. The purpose of this research is to analyse the spatial pattern of land use change in the tidal flood area. This study uses spatial analysis and temporal and spatial metrics. Temporal, spatial analysis is used to see changes in land use in tidal flood areas in 2002, 2009, and 2019, while spatial metrics are used to see these patterns, especially aggregation and diver

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Andika, I. P. A., M. P. Tambunan, and K. Marko. "Spatial pattern change of land use change in tidal flood area of the coast of Cirebon Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012025.

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Abstract Tidal flood is one of the threats found in the coastal areas of Cirebon Regency, especially in Pangenan, Gebang and Losari Districts. The changing coastal conditions and the changing land use have worsened the tidal flood. The purpose of this research is to analyse the spatial pattern of land use change in the tidal flood area. This study uses spatial analysis and temporal and spatial metrics. Temporal, spatial analysis is used to see changes in land use in tidal flood areas in 2002, 2009, and 2019, while spatial metrics are used to see these patterns, especially aggregation and diver

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Firmansyah, F., A. Pamungkas, and K. D. Larasati. "Spatial pattern analysis using spatial metrics: a case study in Surabaya, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 202 (November 27, 2018): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/202/1/012018.

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Chakiryan, Nicholas, Gregory Kimmel, Youngchul Kim, et al. "85 Spatial heterogeneity of tumor associated macrophages in the tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (2020): A94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0085.

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BackgroundTumor associated macrophages (TAM) stimulate tumor proliferation and facilitate immune escape via production of immunosuppressive cytokines. We hypothesize that non-random spatial clustering of TAMs within the tumor are associated with poor survival in ccRCC patients.MethodsTumor specimens were obtained from 41 patients with metastatic ccRCC who received immunotherapy (IT). Sections from the tumor core underwent multiplex immunofluorescence staining for CD68, CD163, and CD206. Digital pathologic analysis was used to convert the digital images to spatial point pattern plots (PPP). Rip

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Berman, Ethan E., Tabitha A. Graves, Nate L. Mikle, Jerod A. Merkle, Aaron N. Johnston, and Geneva W. Chong. "Comparative Quality and Trend of Remotely Sensed Phenology and Productivity Metrics across the Western United States." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (2020): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162538.

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Vegetation phenology and productivity play a crucial role in surface energy balance, plant and animal distribution, and animal movement and habitat use and can be measured with remote sensing metrics including start of season (SOS), peak instantaneous rate of green-up date (PIRGd), peak of season (POS), end of season (EOS), and integrated vegetation indices. However, for most metrics, we do not yet understand the agreement of remotely sensed data products with near-surface observations. We also need summaries of changes over time, spatial distribution, variability, and consistency in remote se

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Demirel, Mehmet C., Juliane Mai, Gorka Mendiguren, Julian Koch, Luis Samaniego, and Simon Stisen. "Combining satellite data and appropriate objective functions for improved spatial pattern performance of a distributed hydrologic model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 2 (2018): 1299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1299-2018.

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Abstract. Satellite-based earth observations offer great opportunities to improve spatial model predictions by means of spatial-pattern-oriented model evaluations. In this study, observed spatial patterns of actual evapotranspiration (AET) are utilised for spatial model calibration tailored to target the pattern performance of the model. The proposed calibration framework combines temporally aggregated observed spatial patterns with a new spatial performance metric and a flexible spatial parameterisation scheme. The mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) is used to simulate streamflow and AET and ha

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Cordue, P. L. "Fishing intensity metrics for use in overfishing determination." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 4 (2012): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss036.

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Abstract Cordue, P. L. 2012. Fishing intensity metrics for use in overfishing determination. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 615–623. The issue of constructing a technically correct fishing intensity metric from the output of a stock assessment model is considered. Four metrics of annual overall “fishing intensity” are defined. The metrics are applicable to age- or length-structured stock assessment models, which may, or may not, include complex spatial and temporal structure in the population and the fisheries. Two of the metrics are termed “direct” as they are calculated from the model

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Keizer-Vlek, Hanneke E., Piet F. M. Verdonschot, Ralf C. M. Verdonschot, and Paul W. Goedhart. "Quantifying spatial and temporal variability of macroinvertebrate metrics." Ecological Indicators 23 (December 2012): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.04.025.

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Triantakonstantis, Dimitrios, and Demetris Stathakis. "Examining urban sprawl in Europe using spatial metrics." Geocarto International 30, no. 10 (2015): 1092–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2015.1027289.

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Humphreys, Macartan, and Michael Laver. "Spatial Models, Cognitive Metrics, and Majority Rule Equilibria." British Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (2009): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123409990263.

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Long-standing results demonstrate that, if policy choices are defined in spaces with more than one dimension, majority-rule equilibrium fails to exist for a general class of smooth preference profiles. This article shows that if agents perceive political similarity and difference in ‘city block’ terms, then the dimension-by-dimension median can be a majority-rule equilibrium even in spaces with an arbitrarily large number of dimensions and it provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such an equilibrium. This is important because city block preferences accord more close

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Rangarajan, Shriya. "Refining large-scale spatial metrics of food access." Applied Geography 159 (October 2023): 103084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103084.

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Rijal, Syamsu, Daud Malamassam, Munajat Nursaputra, and Chairil A. "Spatial metrics of deforestation in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1253, no. 1 (2023): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012103.

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Abstract Climate change has become an environmental issue that has received the most attention because it affects all aspects of life. One of the factors causing climate change is deforestation which continues to occur, especially in tropical countries like Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that has a high rate of deforestation that occurs in large islands including the island of Sulawesi as the Wallacea Region. Central Sulawesi Province has had the largest area of deforestation among other provinces on Sulawesi Island in the last three decades (1990-2020). Analysis of the rate of deforestatio

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