To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Spatial Modeler.
Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial Modeler'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Spatial Modeler.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jankowski, Piotr, Arika-Ligmann Zielinska, and Martin Swobodzinski. "Choice Modeler: A Web-based Spatial Multiple Criteria Evaluation Tool." Transactions in GIS 12, no. 4 (August 2008): 541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2008.01111.x.
Full text
2
Laosuwan, Teerawong, Singthong Pattanasethanon, and Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool. "Automated Cloud Detection of Satellite Imagery Using Spatial Modeler Language and ERDAS Macro Language." IETE Technical Review 30, no. 3 (2013): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0256-4602.113486.
Full text
3
Damiand, Guillaume, Martine Dexet-Guiard, Pascal Lienhardt, and Eric Andres. "Removal and contraction operations to define combinatorial pyramids: application to the design of a spatial modeler." Image and Vision Computing 23, no. 2 (February 2005): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2004.06.016.
Full text
4
Hasyim, A. W., R. E. P. Sianturi, and Ar R. T. Hidayat. "Spatial Pattern of Land Cover Change in The Coastal Area of Gresik Regency, Indonesia Using Land Change Modeler." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 328 (October 24, 2019): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/328/1/012059.
Full text
5
Liu, Chao, and Robert G. Kelly. "A Review of the Application of Finite Element Method (FEM) to Localized Corrosion Modeling." CORROSION 75, no. 11 (September 7, 2019): 1285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3282.
Full textAbstract:
The modeling of localized corrosion has usually focused on calculating the spatial and/or temporal distributions of chemical species, potential, and current. These are affected by the reactions considered, the geometry, and the modes of mass transport of importance. Finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique to obtain approximate solutions to the differential equations based on different types of discretization in which the domain of interest is divided into different types of elements. The introduction of the FEM opened a variety of opportunities for increasing the complexity, and therefore the fidelity, of the localized corrosion conditions considered. This article first briefly introduces the FEM technique before describing the choices the modeler has with regards to the governing equations for the system. The history of the application of FEM to localized corrosion is given, highlighting the different aspects of localized corrosion that have been successfully modeled. Finally, some of the current challenges in FEM modeling of localized corrosion are outlined.
6
Chan, King, and David A. Hoeltzel. "A knowledge-based user interface for the interactive design of three-dimensional objects." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 2, no. 1 (February 1988): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400000512.
Full textAbstract:
A critical problem with existing computer-based geometric modeling is the labor intensive task involved in specifying data input for the description of three-dimensional (3-D) objects. This paper describes a new, 3-D input system aimed at alleviating this problem. It is based on the use of a three-dimensional digitizer for the direct input of spatial coordinates, and an intelligent interactive user interface. The intent of this system is to create a high level, intelligent interface between the designer and a geometric solid modeler which would lighten the designer's burden in performing arduous 3-D geometric description tasks. The user interface is developed around the Knowledge Craft expert system building tool, using the rule-based Carnegie Representation Language OPS5 (CRL-OPS). The system uses schematic networks or frames and production rules to encode knowledge about geometric primitive digitization methods, object feature operators, solid modeler requirements, and input command functions. It also employs a forward-chaining inference strategy to direct the knowledge. This ensures that only a minimal amount of valid data entry is required by the user. However, if excessive data is entered the intelligent interface has the capability to extract the required information. As a result, the solid modeler can automatically create the appropriate object “primitive” or the specific object “feature” upon recognition by the expert system. It will be demonstrated that these capabilities can simplify the 3-D model description process.
7
Reinhardt, Elizabeth D., Robert E. Keane, and James K. Brown. "Modeling fire effects." International Journal of Wildland Fire 10, no. 4 (2001): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf01035.
Full textAbstract:
This paper was presented at the conference ‘Integrating spatial technologies and ecological principles for a new age in fire management’, Boise, Idaho, USA, June 1999 Fire effects are modeled for a variety of reasons including: to evaluate risk, to develop treatment prescriptions, to compare management options, and to understand ecosystems. Fire effects modeling may be conducted at a range of temporal and spatial scales. First-order fire effects are those that are the direct result of the combustion process such as plant injury and death, fuel consumption and smoke production. Modeling these effects provides an important cornerstone for models that operate at larger spatial and temporal scales. Detailed physical models of heat transfer and the combustion process under development should provide a vehicle for quantifying fire treatment and predicting fire effects. Second-order fire effects are indirect consequences of fire and other post-fire interactions such as weather. They may take place a few hours to many decades after a fire. Some important second-order fire effects are smoke dispersion, erosion, and vegetation succession. Many approaches have been used to model fire effects including empirical, mechanistic, stochastic, and combinations of all three. Selection of the appropriate model approach and scale depends on the objectives of the modeler, as well as the quality and quantity of available data. This paper is not meant to provide an exhaustive review of fire effects models. Instead, it presents a background in approaches to modeling fire effects to provide managers a basis for selecting and interpreting simulation tools.
8
Ploskas, Nikolaos, Ioannis Athanasiadis, Jason Papathanasiou, and Nikolaos Samaras. "An Interactive Spatial Decision Support System Enabling Co-Located Collaboration using Tangible User Interfaces for the Multiple Capacitated Facility Location Problem." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 7, no. 2 (April 2015): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2015040102.
Full textAbstract:
The Multiple Capacitated Facility Location Problem (MCFLP) is well-known and studied in the international literature optimization problem. The geographical information data of the enterprises' locations are usually either ignored by the modeler or entered manually in these systems. In this paper, a spatial Decision Support System (DSS) is designed and implemented enabling co-located collaboration using tangible user interfaces through a tabletop. The location of the enterprises and the demand nodes can be added with the use of interactive Google Maps. The DSS extracts the geographical information of the selected locations, find the distances between them and executes a dynamic approximation algorithm for this problem. The interactive spatial DSS has been implemented using Java, TUIO protocol and Google Maps. The tabletop offers a user-friendly interface that can be manipulated with human fingers and fiducials.
9
Markstrom, Steven L., Lauren E. Hay, and Martyn P. Clark. "Towards simplification of hydrologic modeling: identification of dominant processes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 11 (November 22, 2016): 4655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4655-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. parameter hydrologic model, has been applied to the conterminous US (CONUS). Parameter sensitivity analysis was used to identify: (1) the sensitive input parameters and (2) particular model output variables that could be associated with the dominant hydrologic process(es). Sensitivity values of 35 PRMS calibration parameters were computed using the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test procedure on 110 000 independent hydrologically based spatial modeling units covering the CONUS and then summarized to process (snowmelt, surface runoff, infiltration, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, interflow, baseflow, and runoff) and model performance statistic (mean, coefficient of variation, and autoregressive lag 1). Identified parameters and processes provide insight into model performance at the location of each unit and allow the modeler to identify the most dominant process on the basis of which processes are associated with the most sensitive parameters. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the choice of performance statistic and output variables has a strong influence on parameter sensitivity, (2) the apparent model complexity to the modeler can be reduced by focusing on those processes that are associated with sensitive parameters and disregarding those that are not, (3) different processes require different numbers of parameters for simulation, and (4) some sensitive parameters influence only one hydrologic process, while others may influence many.
10
Stytz, Martin R., Bruce Hobbs, Andrea Kunz, Brian Soltz, and Kirk Wilson. "Portraying and Understanding Large-Scale Distributed Virtual Environments: Experience and Tentative Conclusions." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 4, no. 2 (January 1995): 146–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1995.4.2.146.
Full textAbstract:
The Distributed Simulation Internet (DSI) provides users access to large-scale, complex, active, unpredictable virtual environments. If users are to effectively use these environments, they will require support for understanding and acting in these environments. Support is necessary because humans have a time and space limited span of attention. The Satellite Modeler, Omniview true 3D, and Synthetic BattleBridge projects were undertaken to develop and investigate the interfaces and autonomous agents required to effectively support users of the Distributed Simulation Internet. The Satellite Modeler emulates the near-Earth space environment and portrays models of satellites moving in their correct orbits around the Earth. The motion of the satellites is broadcast to users of the DSI. The Satellite Modeler is intended to function as a training and operational aid for orbital analysts and to help them understand key spatial relationships for satellites in near-Earth orbit. The Omniview project was undertaken to provide interactive control and manipulation of a true 3D image and to thereby assist the user in understanding the activity within the DSI-hosted virtual environment. That project developed an interface that provides the Omniview user with the ease of use that a window, icon, mouse, and pointer GUI interface provides to users of 2D displays. The Synthetic BattleBridge is a system that, like the Omniview, portrays a DSI-hosted virtual environment but does not act in it. The Synthetic BattleBridge is designed to support users in making accurate and timely decisions by providing several different types of cognitive support for understanding and analyzing the activity in a battlespace. In this paper, we briefly describe each project and present some observations and conclusions we have drawn based on our experience with them.
11
Amrillah, Dede, Eko Kusratmoko, and Supriatna Supriatna. "Model Spasial Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebijakan Swasembada Padi." Majalah Geografi Indonesia 32, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mgi.31911.
Full textAbstract:
Perubahan tutupan dan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Kalitidu, Kabupaten Bojonegoro cukup signifikan khususnya untuk penggunaan lahan sawah. Suatu wilayah dikatakan berswasembada padi jika produksi berasnya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan angka konsumsi berasnya. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan spasial menggunakan metode jaringan saraf Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) dan Markov Chain (MC) yang terdapat dalam metode Land Change Modeler (LCM) pada perangkat lunak Idrisi. Pada pemodelan spasial tersebut digunakan variabel jalan sebagai faktor pendukung perubahan penggunaan lahan di tahun 2025. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pemodelan spasial tersebut yaitu besaran luasan sawah pada tahun 2025 dengan angka 4644.99 hektar dengan nilai akurasi 56.51%. Kemudian nilai tersebut dikalikan dengan angka produktifitas padi tahun 2015 dan angka konversi gabah kering giling (GKG) menghasilkan nilai produksi beras di tahun 2025 sebesar 95705.37 ton. Angka konsumsi beras tahun 2025 sebesar 4648.402 ton didapatkan dengan mengkalikan jumlah penduduk di tahun 2025 yang memiliki angka 52515 jiwa dengan angka rata-rata konsumsi per kapita per tahun yang berada di angka 88.52 kg. Dengan demikian Kecamatan Kalitidu di tahun 2025 mampu berswasembada padi.Changes in land cover and land use in Kalitidu District, Bojonegoro Regency are significant, especially for paddy land use. A region is said to be self-sufficient in rice if its rice production is greater than its rice consumption rate. In this research, spatial modeling using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and markov chain method is applied in Land Change Modeler (LCM) method in Idrisi software. In spatial modeling used road variables as a driving factor the change of land use in 2025. The results obtained from spatial modeling is the size of paddy field area in 2025 with the number 4644.99 hectares with an accuracy of 56.51%. Then the value is multiplied by the rate of rice productivity in 2015 and the conversion rate of dry milled grain (GKG) produces rice production value in 2025 of 95705.37 tons. The consumption rate of rice in 2025 amounted to 4648,402 tons was obtained by multiplying the number of population in the year 2025 which has the number 52515 people with the average rate per capita consumption per year which is at 88.52 kg. Thus Kalitidu District in 2025 is capable of self-sufficient rice.
12
Yang, Gong, Tang, Shen, Liu, and Gao. "Delineation of Urban Growth Boundaries Using a Patch-Based Cellular Automata Model under Multiple Spatial and Socio-Economic Scenarios." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 4, 2019): 6159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216159.
Full textAbstract:
The urban growth boundary (UGB) plays an important role in the regulation of urban sprawl and the conservation of natural ecosystems. The delineation of UGBs is a common strategy in urban planning, especially in metropolitan areas undergoing fast expansion. However, reliable tools for the delineation of informed UGBs are still not widely available for planners. In this study, a patch-based cellular automaton (CA) model was applied to build UGBs, in which urban expansions were represented as organic and spontaneous patch growing processes. The proposed CA model enables the modeler to build various spatial and socio-economic scenarios for UGB delineation. Parameters that control the patch size and shape, along with the spatial compactness of an urban growth pattern, were optimized using a genetic algorithm. A random forest model was employed to estimate the probability of urban development. Six scenarios in terms of the demand and the spatial pattern of urban land allocation were constructed to generate UGB alternatives based on the simulated urban land maps from the CA model. Application of the proposed model in Ezhou, China from 2004 to 2030 reveals that the model proposed in this study can help urban planners make informed decisions on the delineation of UGBs under different scenarios.
13
Searcy, Craig, Ken Dean, and William Stringer. "Merging remotely sensed data with geophysical models." Polar Record 31, no. 178 (July 1995): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740001384x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGeophysical models are usually derived from the idealistic viewpoint that all required external parameters are, in principle, measurable. The models are then driven with the best available data for those parameters. In some cases, there are few measurements available, because of factors such as the location of the phenomena modeled. Satellite imagery provides a synoptic overview of a particular environment, supplying spatial and temporal variability as well as spectral data, making this an ideal source of data for some models. In other cases, although frequent satellite-image observations are available, they are of little use to the modeler, because they do not provide values for the parameters demanded by the model. This paper contains two examples of geophysical models that were derived expressly to utilize measurements and qualitative observations taken from satellite images as the major driving elements of the model. The methodology consists of designing a model such that it can be ‘run’ by numerical data extracted from image data sets, and using the image data for verification of the model or adjustment of parameters. The first example is a thermody namic model of springtime removal of nearshore ice from an Arctic river delta area, using the Mackenzie River as a study site. In this example, a multi-date sequence of AVHRR images is used to provide the spatial and temporal patterns of melt, allowing the required physical observations in the model to be parameterized and tested. The second example is a dynamic model simulating thq evolution of a volcanic ash cloud under the influence of atmospheric winds. In this case, AVHRR images are used to determine the position and size of the ash cloud as a function of time, allowing tuning of parameters and verification of the model.
14
Hasan, Sarah, Wenzhong Shi, Xiaolin Zhu, Sawaid Abbas, and Hafiz Usman Ahmed Khan. "Future Simulation of Land Use Changes in Rapidly Urbanizing South China Based on Land Change Modeler and Remote Sensing Data." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114350.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape transformations in rapidly urbanizing Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao (GHKM) regions of South China represent the most complex and dynamic processes altering the local ecology and environment. In this study, Land Change Modeler (LCM) is applied to land use land cover (LULC) maps for the years 2005, 2010, and 2017, derived from Landsat images, with the aim of understanding land use land cover change patterns during 2005–2017 and, further, to predict the future scenario of the years 2024 and 2031. Furthermore, the changes in spatial structural patterns are quantified and analyzed using selected landscape morphological metrics. The results show that the urban area has increased at an annual rate of 4.72% during 2005–2017 and will continue to rise from 10.31% (20,228.95 km2) in 2017 to 16.30% (31,994.55 km2) in 2031. This increase in urban area will encroach further into farmland and fishponds. However, forest cover will continue to increase from 45.02% (88,391.98 km2) in 2017 to 46.88% (92,049.62 km2) in 2031. This implies a decrease in the mean Euclidian nearest neighbor distance (ENN_MN) of forest patches (from 217.57 m to 206.46 m) and urban clusters (from 285.55 m to 245.06 m) during 2017–2031, indicating an accelerated landscape transformation if the current patterns of the change continues over the next decade. Thus, knowledge of the current and predicted LULC changes will help policy and decision makers to reconsider and develop new policies for the sustainable development and protection of natural resources.
15
Proswitz, Katharina, Mamkwe Claudia Edward, Mariele Evers, Felister Mombo, Alexander Mpwaga, Kristian Näschen, Jennifer Sesabo, and Britta Höllermann. "Complex Socio-Ecological Systems: Translating Narratives into Future Land Use and Land Cover Scenarios in the Kilombero Catchment, Tanzania." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126552.
Full textAbstract:
The Kilombero wetland in Tanzania is affected by advancing land use and land cover changes (LULCC), where we observe a conflict between development interests and the necessity of conservation measures to maintain the functionalities of the ecosystem. Thus, assessing patterns of LULCC is crucial to foresee potential future developments and to develop sustainable future management strategies. In this study, we use a multi-method scenario approach to assess the spatial implications and underlying driving forces of potential change by (1) developing a System Dynamics Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to disentangle the underlying socio-economic and ecologic driving forces, (2) deriving a qualitative business-as-usual (BAU) and a conservation scenario from participatory narratives elaborated during a stakeholder workshop, and (3) quantifying the spatial implications of these scenarios with the Land Change Modeler (LCM). Results indicate that under the BAU assumption only 37% of the natural vegetation is expected to persist until 2030 in the wetland. In contrast, strict enforcement of protected areas (conservation scenario) halts further conversion of the wetland. However, both scenarios pinpoint considerable expansions of cropland in the western highlands with potentially serious impacts on catchment-wide hydrological processes. The produced qualitative and quantitative outputs reveal hotspots of possible future change and starting points for advisable further research and management interventions.
16
Gupta, Rajit, and Laxmi Kant Sharma. "Efficacy of Spatial Land Change Modeler as a forecasting indicator for anthropogenic change dynamics over five decades: A case study of Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India." Ecological Indicators 112 (May 2020): 106171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106171.
Full text
17
Menandro, Pedro S., Alex C. Bastos, Geandré Boni, Lucas C. Ferreira, Fernanda V. Vieira, Ana Carolina Lavagnino, Rodrigo L. Moura, and Markus Diesing. "Reef Mapping Using Different Seabed Automatic Classification Tools." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020072.
Full textAbstract:
There is a great demand to develop new acoustic techniques to efficiently map the seabed and automate the interpretation of acoustic, sedimentological, and imaging data sets, eliminating subjectivity. Here, we evaluate the potential, limitations and complementariety of distinct supervised and automatic classification techniques in the mapping of reefs by comparing these results with a reference map. The study was carried out in the Abrolhos Continental Shelf (Eastern Brazilian Continental Margin) using a multibeam echosounder and side scan sonar (SSS) dataset. Two automatic supervised techniques were applied. A reference map was derived by detailed manual interpretation carried out by three experts. The two supervised classification techniques were: benthic terrain modeler (BTM), a morphometric classification with focus on spatial analyses of the bathymetric grid derivatives, and object-based image analysis (OBIA), a segmentation applied to the backscatter data from the SSS mosaic. Both automatic techniques obtained similar values of reef coverage area, but overestimated the reef area when compared with the reference map. The agreement between BTM and OBIA results and the reference map was 69% and 67%, respectively. Disagreement was mainly due to quantity of reef (both methods over-estimated reef), while the disagreement in spatial allocation was relatively low, it indicates that both methods are reasonable representation of the spatial patterns of reef. Efficient mapping of reef in the wider area of the Abrolhos Continental Shelf will be best achieved by a further development of automatic methods tested against reference maps obained from representative areas of the seabed. By combining the results of the two automatic methods, it was possible to create an ensemble map, which achieved better agreement with the reference dataset.
18
Scheingraber, Christoph, and Martin Käser. "Spatial seismic hazard variation and adaptive sampling of portfolio location uncertainty in probabilistic seismic risk analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1903–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1903-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Probabilistic seismic risk analysis is widely used in the insurance industry to model the likelihood and severity of losses to insured portfolios by earthquake events. The available ground motion data – especially for strong and infrequent earthquakes – are often limited to a few decades, resulting in incomplete earthquake catalogues and related uncertainties and assumptions. The situation is further aggravated by the sometimes poor data quality with regard to insured portfolios. For example, due to geocoding issues of address information, risk items are often only known to be located within an administrative geographical zone, but precise coordinates remain unknown to the modeler. We analyze spatial seismic hazard and loss rate variation inside administrative geographical zones in western Indonesia. We find that the variation in hazard can vary strongly between different zones. The spatial variation in loss rate displays a similar pattern as the variation in hazard, without depending on the return period. In a recent work, we introduced a framework for stochastic treatment of portfolio location uncertainty. This results in the necessity to simulate ground motion on a high number of sampled geographical coordinates, which typically dominates the computational effort in probabilistic seismic risk analysis. We therefore propose a novel sampling scheme to improve the efficiency of stochastic portfolio location uncertainty treatment. Depending on risk item properties and measures of spatial loss rate variation, the scheme dynamically adapts the location sample size individually for insured risk items. We analyze the convergence and variance reduction of the scheme empirically. The results show that the scheme can improve the efficiency of the estimation of loss frequency curves and may thereby help to spread the treatment and communication of uncertainty in probabilistic seismic risk analysis.
19
Raut, E. K., and V. E. Larson. "A flexible importance sampling method for integrating subgrid processes." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-413-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Numerical models of weather and climate need to compute grid-box-averaged rates of physical processes such as microphysics. These averages are computed by integrating subgrid variability over a grid box. For this reason, an important aspect of atmospheric modeling is spatial integration over subgrid scales. The needed integrals can be estimated by Monte Carlo integration. Monte Carlo integration is simple and general but requires many evaluations of the physical process rate. To reduce the number of function evaluations, this paper describes a new, flexible method of importance sampling. It divides the domain of integration into eight categories, such as the portion that contains both precipitation and cloud, or the portion that contains precipitation but no cloud. It then allows the modeler to prescribe the density of sample points within each of the eight categories. The new method is incorporated into the Subgrid Importance Latin Hypercube Sampler (SILHS). The resulting method is tested on drizzling cumulus and stratocumulus cases. In the cumulus case, the sampling error can be considerably reduced by drawing more sample points from the region of rain evaporation.
20
Her, Younggu, and Jeahak Jeong. "SWAT+ versus SWAT2012: Comparison of Sub-Daily Urban Runoff Simulations." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12600.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The current FORTRAN code of SWAT (SWAT2012) is being rebuilt to ease new model and module development by incorporating object-oriented programming techniques into defining spatial objects and calculating variables. SWAT+, the new SWAT code, is expected to offer flexible watershed representation with linked spatial objects. Ideally, SWAT+ produces outputs that are comparable to SWAT2012, if not identical, when the two versions of SWAT are set with the same input for a watershed. However, the drastic restructuring of the source code may cause unexpected results in the output, especially when compared with the current SWAT2012 model that has a long history of model validation. In this technical note, we compare sub-daily, daily, and monthly hydrographs provided by SWAT2012 and SWAT+ that were prepared for a small urban watershed in Austin, Texas. The model parameters were calibrated to 15 min and daily runoff observed in the watershed. SWAT+ was on par with SWAT2012 in predicting streamflow at daily and monthly scales. However, the HRU-level flow routing scheme newly added to SWAT+ created multiple peaks in the sub-daily hydrographs, suggesting a need to further improve the water transport simulation strategies. This technical note provides ideas of how SWAT+ is organized and if a SWAT modeler can maintain consistency in modeling results when shifting from the original code to the new code. In addition, this technical note discusses the potential for improved SWAT+ modeling. Keywords: Model calibration, Storm event, Sub-daily simulation, SWAT, Urban watershed.
21
Bracco, A., J. D. Neelin, H. Luo, J. C. McWilliams, and J. E. Meyerson. "High dimensional decision dilemmas in climate models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 2 (May 8, 2013): 2731–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-2731-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. An important source of uncertainty in climate models is linked to the calibration of model parameters. Interest in systematic and automated parameter optimization procedures stems from the desire to improve the model climatology and to quantify the average sensitivity associated with potential changes in the climate system. Neelin et al. (2010) used a quadratic metamodel to objectively calibrate an atmospheric circulation model (AGCM) around four adjustable parameters. The metamodel accurately estimates global spatial averages of common fields of climatic interest, from precipitation, to low and high level winds, from temperature at various levels to sea level pressure and geopotential height, while providing a computationally cheap strategy to explore the influence of parameter settings. Here, guided by the metamodel, the ambiguities or dilemmas related to the decision making process in relation to model sensitivity and optimization are examined. Simulations of current climate are subject to considerable regional-scale biases. Those biases may vary substantially depending on the climate variable considered, and/or on the performance metric adopted. Common dilemmas are associated with model revisions yielding improvement in one field or regional pattern or season, but degradation in another, or improvement in the model climatology but degradation in the interannual variability representation. Challenges are posed to the modeler by the high dimensionality of the model output fields and by the large number of adjustable parameters. The use of the metamodel in the optimization strategy helps visualize trade-offs at a regional level, e.g. how mismatches between sensitivity and error spatial fields yield regional errors under minimization of global objective functions.
22
Adetoro, Olusola Olufayo. "Implication of Human Induced Activities on Ecotourism in Ikogosi Warm Spring Centre, Ekiti State, Southern western, Nigeria." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 17, no. 1 (August 23, 2018): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.17.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The magnitude effect of human activities on the environment is of great concern. In this study investigation on the pattern of land use land cover change in the Ikogosi Ekiti, South Western and Nigeria was carried out. A 30 meter Landsat image of TM 1991, ETM+ 2002 and OLI 2015 were used for the study. The satellite images were digitally processed using Arcgis10.3 and Idrisi Selva 17.0 while Markov Chain Modeler was employed for prediction. Supervised Classification was performed through Maximum Likelihood Classification resulting into identification of five LULC classes which were built-up, rock outcrop, dense vegetation, light vegetation and water body; fragmentation analysis was done using Fragstat 4.0.</p><p>The results showed that anthropogenic activities resulted in 25.93% increase in built-up between the periods of 1991 and 2015 with a substantial loss (29.97%) of dense vegetation within the study area were detected. Fragmentation metric showed that the Number of Patches (NP) increased by 257, 268 and 281 while Shannon Diversity Index (SHIDI) correspondingly showed a decreased of 0.54, 0.47 and 0.21 for species diversity in year 1991, 2002 and 2015 respectively; indigenous respondents (70.1%) affirmed the extinction of biodiversity. Furthermore, the Markov Chain Modeler revealed that built-up was expected to increase by 36.7, 39.1 and 69.6% while dense vegetation will correspondingly decrease by 25.4, 22.9 and 18.7% in year 2030, 2050 and 2065 respectively. The result revealed that anthropogenic activities in the study area had contributed to massive removal of vegetation and this pattern had negatively affected the biomass condition of the study area indicting the region to experience an ecosystem imbalance and incidence of global warming. The changing spatial pattern was attributed to the tourism developmental phases in-around Ikogosi community which had increased deforestation, exotic plants and poaching by Ikogosi inhabitants and tourist visits to the study area.</p><p>The study concluded that various tourism development activities had adversely affected the nature of biodiversity, threatened land-use management and vegetation in the study area.</p>
23
Bracco, A., J. D. Neelin, H. Luo, J. C. McWilliams, and J. E. Meyerson. "High dimensional decision dilemmas in climate models." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 5 (October 15, 2013): 1673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1673-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. An important source of uncertainty in climate models is linked to the calibration of model parameters. Interest in systematic and automated parameter optimization procedures stems from the desire to improve the model climatology and to quantify the average sensitivity associated with potential changes in the climate system. Building upon on the smoothness of the response of an atmospheric circulation model (AGCM) to changes of four adjustable parameters, Neelin et al. (2010) used a quadratic metamodel to objectively calibrate the AGCM. The metamodel accurately estimates global spatial averages of common fields of climatic interest, from precipitation, to low and high level winds, from temperature at various levels to sea level pressure and geopotential height, while providing a computationally cheap strategy to explore the influence of parameter settings. Here, guided by the metamodel, the ambiguities or dilemmas related to the decision making process in relation to model sensitivity and optimization are examined. Simulations of current climate are subject to considerable regional-scale biases. Those biases may vary substantially depending on the climate variable considered, and/or on the performance metric adopted. Common dilemmas are associated with model revisions yielding improvement in one field or regional pattern or season, but degradation in another, or improvement in the model climatology but degradation in the interannual variability representation. Challenges are posed to the modeler by the high dimensionality of the model output fields and by the large number of adjustable parameters. The use of the metamodel in the optimization strategy helps visualize trade-offs at a regional level, e.g., how mismatches between sensitivity and error spatial fields yield regional errors under minimization of global objective functions.
24
Romero, Claudia P., Alicia García-Arias, Celine Dondeynaz, and Félix Francés. "Assessing Anthropogenic Dynamics in Megacities from the Characterization of Land Use/Land Cover Changes: The Bogotá Study Case." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093884.
Full textAbstract:
Usually, megacities expand without proper planning in a context of demographic growth and are increasingly dependent on the natural resources related to the occupied area. This is a major challenge for the sustainable management of these territories, justifying the need for a better knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) distribution and characteristics to observe spatial anthropogenic dynamics. In this study, the Bogotá river basin and the Bogotá megacity were analyzed as a case study. The main objective of this work was to analyze the historical LULC dynamics from 1985 to 2014. Reliable forecasting scenarios were developed using the Land Change Modeler to support sustainable management and planning. Results show an expansion of the Bogotá megacity toward the Northeast and an increase of urban areas within the basin. These changes implied a loss of 58% of forest surface, a strategic ecosystem, from 1985 to 2014. This dynamic is expected to continue, with a 50% increase of urban areas between 2012 to 2050, thus the megacity and neighbor cities potentially become an “urban continuum”. A replacement of crop and pasture lands near the city is expected, even though Bogotá lands are among the best agricultural lands in the Andean region of Colombia.
25
Nguyen, Huu Duy, Dennis Fox, Dinh Kha Dang, Le Tuan Pham, Quan Vu Viet Du, Thi Ha Thanh Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Dang, et al. "Predicting Future Urban Flood Risk Using Land Change and Hydraulic Modeling in a River Watershed in the Central Province of Vietnam." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020262.
Full textAbstract:
Flood risk is a significant challenge for sustainable spatial planning, particularly concerning climate change and urbanization. Phrasing suitable land planning strategies requires assessing future flood risk and predicting the impact of urban sprawl. This study aims to develop an innovative approach combining land use change and hydraulic models to explore future urban flood risk, aiming to reduce it under different vulnerability and exposure scenarios. SPOT-3 and Sentinel-2 images were processed and classified to create land cover maps for 1995 and 2019, and these were used to predict the 2040 land cover using the Land Change Modeler Module of Terrset. Flood risk was computed by combining hazard, exposure, and vulnerability using hydrodynamic modeling and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. We have compared flood risk in 1995, 2019, and 2040. Although flood risk increases with urbanization, population density, and the number of hospitals in the flood plain, especially in the coastal region, the area exposed to high and very high risks decreases due to a reduction in poverty rate. This study can provide a theoretical framework supporting climate change related to risk assessment in other metropolitan regions. Methodologically, it underlines the importance of using satellite imagery and the continuity of data in the planning-related decision-making process.
26
Leta, Megersa Kebede, Tamene Adugna Demissie, and Jens Tränckner. "Modeling and Prediction of Land Use Land Cover Change Dynamics Based on Land Change Modeler (LCM) in Nashe Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073740.
Full textAbstract:
Change of land use land cover (LULC) has been known globally as an essential driver of environmental change. Assessment of LULC change is the most precise method to comprehend the past land use, types of changes to be estimated, the forces and developments behind the changes. The aim of the study was to assess the temporal and spatial LULC dynamics of the past and to predict the future using Landsat images and LCM (Land Change Modeler) by considering the drivers of LULC dynamics. The research was conducted in Nashe watershed (Ethiopia) which is the main tributary of the Upper Blue Nile basin. The total watershed area is 94,578 ha. The Landsat imagery from 2019, 2005, and 1990 was used for evaluating and predicting the spatiotemporal distributions of LULC changes. The future LULC image prediction has been generated depending on the historical trends of LULC changes for the years 2035 and 2050. LCM integrated in TerrSet Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System assimilated with MLP and CA-Markov chain have been used for monitoring, assessment of change, and future projections. Markov chain was used to generate transition probability matrices between LULC classes and cellular automata were used to predict the LULC map. Validation of the predicted LULC map of 2019 was conducted successfully with the actual LULC map. The validation accuracy was determined using the Kappa statistics and agreement/disagreement marks. The results of the historical LULC depicted that forest land, grass land, and range land are the most affected types of land use. The agricultural land in 1990 was 41,587.21 ha which increased to 57,868.95 ha in 2019 with an average growth rate of 39.15%. The forest land, range land, and grass land declined annually with rates of 48.38%, 19.58%, and 26.23%, respectively. The predicted LULC map shows that the forest cover will further degrade from 16.94% in 2019 to 8.07% in 2050, while agricultural land would be expanded to 69,021.20 ha and 69,264.44 ha in 2035 and 2050 from 57,868.95 ha in 2019. The findings of this investigation indicate an expected rapid change in LULC for the coming years. Converting the forest area, range land, and grass land into other land uses, especially to agricultural land, is the main LULC change in the future. Measures should be implemented to achieve rational use of agricultural land and the forest conversion needs to be well managed.
27
Rose, K. A., A. L. Brenkert, G. A. Schohl, Y. Onishi, J. S. Hayworth, F. Holly, W. Perkins, L. Beard, R. B. Cook, and W. Waldrop. "Multiple Model Analysis of Sediment Transport and Contaminant Distribution in the Clinch River/Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee, USA*." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1993): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0605.
Full textAbstract:
Three models of sediment transport and contaminant distribution (CHARIMA, HEC-6, and TODAM) are being applied to the Clinch River/Watts Bar Reservoir system as part of a CERCLA remedial investigation. Planned uses of model results are to identify high deposition areas of the river, forecast the effects of various remedial actions and climatic events on contaminant distribution, and aid in the design of future data collection efforts. The three models share some similarities but also differ in several important details. All three models are one-dimensional and include similar processes for sediment deposition and resuspension. Differences among the models include steady-state versus unsteady flow, the complexity of the channel network permitted, and the level of detail of contaminant-related fate processes represented. As part of our multiple model strategy, some aspects of the three models are configured using common information on the system (e.g., spatial geometry), while other aspects of the models, including some modeler decisions and calibration methods, are allowed to differ. Comparison of results among the three models can lead to increased confidence in predictions and in recommendations for future data collection. The general approach of using multiple models is described and preliminary results of the Clinch River/Watts Bar application are presented to illustrate the utility of using a multiple model approach for complex environmental assessments.
28
Sammartano, G., M. Avena, M. Cappellazzo, and A. Spanò. "HYBRID GIS-BIM APPROACH FOR THE TORINO DIGITAL-TWIN: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A FLOOR-LEVEL 3D CITY GEODATABASE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-423-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The research tries to present a preliminary work into geo-spatial management of public administration assets thanks to interoperability of BIM-GIS models, related to urban scale scenarios. The strategy proposed tries to deepen the management, conversion and integration of databases related to public assets and particularly schools building, and related them into city-related geo-databases. The methodology, based on the real scenario of Torino Municipality and their needs addressed in recent studies in collaboration with FULL – Future Urban Legacy Lab from Politecnico di Torino, take advantage from the availability of two test dataset at different scale, with different potential and bottlenecks. The idea of developing a 3D digital twin of Torino actually stop long before the 3D city modelling only, but rather we have to deal with the integration and harmonization of existing databases. These data collections are often coming from different updating and based on non-homogeneous languages and data models. The data are often in table format and managed by different offices and as many management systems. Moreover, recently public administrations as the one of Torino, have increase availability of BIM models, especially for public assets, which need to be known, archived, and localized in a geographic dimension in order to benefit from the real strategic potential of a spatial-enabled facility management platform as Digital Twin. Combining the use of parametric modeler software (Revit) and visual programming language (Dynamo), the proposed methodology tries to elaborate rules on a set of shared language parameters (characterizing the buildings as attributes in both datasets: ID; address; construction; floors; rooms dimensions, use, floor; height; glass surfaces). This is tested as conversion workflow between the Municipality DB and the BIM model. This solution firstly allows the interaction and query between models, and then it proposes open issues once the enriched BIM model is imported into the geographical dimension of the Torino 3D city model Digital Twin (ArcGIS Pro platform), according to LOD standards, and enriched with semantic components from municipality DB.
29
Jebur, M. N., B. Pradhan, H. Z. M. Shafri, Z. M. Yusoff, and M. S. Tehrany. "An integrated user-friendly ArcMAP tool for bivariate statistical modelling in geoscience applications." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 3 (March 30, 2015): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-881-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Modelling and classification difficulties are fundamental issues in natural hazard assessment. A geographic information system (GIS) is a domain that requires users to use various tools to perform different types of spatial modelling. Bivariate statistical analysis (BSA) assists in hazard modelling. To perform this analysis, several calculations are required and the user has to transfer data from one format to another. Most researchers perform these calculations manually by using Microsoft Excel or other programs. This process is time-consuming and carries a degree of uncertainty. The lack of proper tools to implement BSA in a GIS environment prompted this study. In this paper, a user-friendly tool, bivariate statistical modeler (BSM), for BSA technique is proposed. Three popular BSA techniques, such as frequency ratio, weight-of-evidence (WoE), and evidential belief function (EBF) models, are applied in the newly proposed ArcMAP tool. This tool is programmed in Python and created by a simple graphical user interface (GUI), which facilitates the improvement of model performance. The proposed tool implements BSA automatically, thus allowing numerous variables to be examined. To validate the capability and accuracy of this program, a pilot test area in Malaysia is selected and all three models are tested by using the proposed program. Area under curve (AUC) is used to measure the success rate and prediction rate. Results demonstrate that the proposed program executes BSA with reasonable accuracy. The proposed BSA tool can be used in numerous applications, such as natural hazard, mineral potential, hydrological, and other engineering and environmental applications.
30
Jebur, M. N., B. Pradhan, H. Z. M. Shafri, Z. Yusof, and M. S. Tehrany. "An integrated user-friendly ArcMAP tool for bivariate statistical modeling in geoscience applications." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 7239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-7239-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Modeling and classification difficulties are fundamental issues in natural hazard assessment. A geographic information system (GIS) is a domain that requires users to use various tools to perform different types of spatial modeling. Bivariate statistical analysis (BSA) assists in hazard modeling. To perform this analysis, several calculations are required and the user has to transfer data from one format to another. Most researchers perform these calculations manually by using Microsoft Excel or other programs. This process is time consuming and carries a degree of uncertainty. The lack of proper tools to implement BSA in a GIS environment prompted this study. In this paper, a user-friendly tool, BSM (bivariate statistical modeler), for BSA technique is proposed. Three popular BSA techniques such as frequency ratio, weights-of-evidence, and evidential belief function models are applied in the newly proposed ArcMAP tool. This tool is programmed in Python and is created by a simple graphical user interface, which facilitates the improvement of model performance. The proposed tool implements BSA automatically, thus allowing numerous variables to be examined. To validate the capability and accuracy of this program, a pilot test area in Malaysia is selected and all three models are tested by using the proposed program. Area under curve is used to measure the success rate and prediction rate. Results demonstrate that the proposed program executes BSA with reasonable accuracy. The proposed BSA tool can be used in numerous applications, such as natural hazard, mineral potential, hydrological, and other engineering and environmental applications.
31
Rani, Medria Shekar. "Transformasi Lanskap dan Layanan Ekosistem Budaya di Area Peri-Urban: Wisata Alam dan Permukiman di Bandung Selatan." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.9.1.63-78.
Full textAbstract:
Peri-urban provides complementary urban ecosystem services when green areas in cities are decreasing due to densification. However, land cover change in the area from natural landscapes to agriculture and settlements affects the ecosystem's capacity to provide services. This study aims to identify landscape transformation using a model and analyze its effects on cultural ecosystem services at Kawah Putih (White Crater) nature-based tourism destination area in the peri-urban in South Bandung, Indonesia. This study also analyzes how cultural ecosystem services and the increasing demand for new settlements in the area have influenced tourist visitation. Landscape change in the area (1989-2019) was identified from mapsdeveloped from Landsat imagery, using the Land Change Modeler (LCM) module in Terrset. A spatial assessment of offered cultural ecosystem services was then conducted using three indicators based on the land cover change near Kawah Putih. It is found that the composition of developed areas in the district has increased from 6.09% to 10.79% in 30 years. The quality of cultural ecosystem service has decreased, which is arguably influenced by the landscape alteration in the area. However, there was an increasing trend in the number of tourists (2016-2019) despite the deterioration of landscape quality. It is argued that the result is influenced by the visitors' perception of the landscape in the case study area. The rapid land cover change in the area was affected by the nearby city's growth, in which the tourism industry is one of the elements of such transformation.
32
Carbonara, Pierluigi, Teresa Silecchia, Maria Spedicato, Alessandra Acrivulis, and Giuseppe Lembo. "A GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PARAPENAEUS LONGIROSTRIS (LUCAS, 1846) IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN TYRRHENIAN SEA." Crustaceana 72, no. 9 (1999): 1093–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099504040.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe spatial distribution of the abundance indices of the deep-water rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris was investigated applying geostatistical techniques on data collected in the central southern Tyrrhenian Sea from bottom trawl surveys carried out in the autumn since 1994. Experimental variograms (auto and cross) were constructed on the variable "abundance index", expressed in kg/km2, and those variogram models best describing the spatial continuity were detected and validated by the jackknife technique. The spatial structure of the "abundance index", exhibiting a similar pattern throughout the surveys, was described by a spherical model and characterized by a spatial continuity at a small scale level in the whole area. The linear geostatistical approach was applied by different kriging techniques and the estimates extended to the spatio-temporal dimension, in this case adopting the co-regionalized models and applying the cokriging technique. This method applied to the spatial dimension (abundance index and depth). Also, linking the spatial and temporal dimension of the abundance indices, measured in two different years, contributed to represent a more accurate picture of the abundance distribution, and allowed the detection of a temporal persistence of the localization of areas with higher abundance, reducing the standard deviation of the estimation error. This information, if coupled with an analysis of the geographical allocation of the fishing effort, could be of importance in stock assessment, allowing some variant application of the composite surplus production models. La distribution spatiale des indices d'abondance de la crevette rose d'eau profonde Parapenaeus longirostris a ete etudiee en appliquant les techniques de la geostatistique aux donnees collectees dans le centre-sud de la mer Tyrrhenienne au cours des campagnes de chalutage demersal realisees pendant l'automne, depuis 1994. Les variogrammes experimentaux (auto et cross) ont ete construits sur la variable "indice d'abondance", exprimee en kg/km2, et les modeles de variogramme decrivants le mieux la continuite spatiale ont ete determines et valides par la technique du "jackknife". La structure spatiale de l'indice d'abondance a presente le meme aspect pour tous les echantillonages; elle a ete decrite au moyen d'un modele spherique et caracterisee par une continuite spatiale a petite echelle dans toute la zone. La geostatistique lineaire a ete appliquee en utilisant differentes techniques du krigeage, et les estimations ont ete etendues a la dimension spatio-temporelle en appliquant les modeles coregionalises et la technique du cokrigeage. Cette methode, appliquee soit dans la dimension spatiale (indice d'abondance et profondeur), soit dans la dimension spatio-temporelle en considerant l'indice d'abondance echantillonne en deux annees differentes, a contribue a representer une image plus precise de la distribution de l'abondance, et a permis de detecter une persistance temporelle de la localisation des aires a plus grande abondance, en reduisant l'ecart type de l'erreur d'estimation. Cette information, avec l'analyse de l'allocation geografique de l'effort de peche, pourrait etre importante dans l'evaluation des stocks, en permettant l'application, avec quelques variantes, des modeles composites de production.
33
Adzandeh, E. A., D. Alaigba, and C. N. Nkemasong. "Application of Geospatial Techniques and Logistic Regression Model for Urban Growth Analysis in Limbe, Cameroon." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 2020): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.01.0193.
Full textAbstract:
Little is known about the nature of ecosystem loss, rampant changes in land use and land cover (LULC) and urban growth taking place in Limbe. The aim of this study is to analyze urban growth in Limbe, Cameroon from 1986-2019 using geospatial techniques and Logistic Regression Model (LRM). Landsat Thematic Mapper (1986), Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (2002) and Operational Land Imagery/Thermal Infrared Sensor (2019) were utilized in this study. The images were classified into land cover classes using supervised image classification algorithm in ENVI software. The classification output was subjected to LRM application to evaluate urban growth. Image difference of urban growth between 1986 and 2019 was calculated as dependent variable and the independent variables were produced by calculating the Euclidean distance and Buffer of built-up, waterbody, road and farmland as driving factor for urban growth. Future urban growth was determined for 2035 using the Land Change Modeler in IDRISI Selva. Classification overall accuracy for the three date were not less than 99%. LRM results show a good fit with relative operation characteristic of 0.8344 and Pseudo R2 of 0.21. Analysis of LULC shows that built-up increased from 3.5% (1986) to 17.6% (2019). An urban land expansion rate of about 23% was observed for 2035. Transition probability matrix revealed high probability (0.6345) of build-up to remaining build-up by 2035, while the probability for it changing to waterbody, bare land, farm land and vegetation are 0.1099, 0.0459, 0.1939 and 0.1221, respectively. This study successfully demonstrates the application of geo-spatial techniques and LRM for land use/land cover change detection and in understanding the urban growth dynamics. It also identifies the potential areas of future urban growth, which can help land use policy planners for making optimum decisions of land use planning and investment.
34
Khoshnoodmotlagh, Sajad, Jochem Verrelst, Alireza Daneshi, Mohsen Mirzaei, Hossein Azadi, Mohammad Haghighi, Masoud Hatamimanesh, and Safar Marofi. "Transboundary Basins Need More Attention: Anthropogenic Impacts on Land Cover Changes in Aras River Basin, Monitoring and Prediction." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 3329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203329.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in land cover (LC) can alter the basin hydrology by affecting the evaporation, infiltration, and surface and subsurface flow processes, and ultimately affect river water quantity and quality. This study aimed to monitor and predict the LC composition of a major, transboundary basin contributing to the Caspian Sea, the Aras River Basin (ARB). To this end, four LC maps of ARB corresponding to the years 1984, 2000, 2010, and 2017 were generated using Landsat satellite imagery from Armenia and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The LC gains and losses, net changes, exchanges, and the spatial trend of changes over 33 years (1984–2017) were investigated. The most important drivers of these changes and the most accurate LC transformation scenarios were identified, and a land change modeler (LCM) was applied to predict the LC change for the years 2027 and 2037. Validation results showed that LCM, with a Kappa index higher than 81%, is appropriate for predicting LC changes in the study area. The LC changes observed in the past indicate significant anthropogenic impacts on the basin, mainly by constructing new reservoir dams and expanding agriculture and urban areas, which are the major water-consuming sectors. Results show that over the past 33 years, agricultural areas have grown by more than 57% from 1984 to 2017 in the study area. Results also indicate that the given similar anthropogenic activities will keep on continuing in the ARB, and agricultural areas will increase by 2% from 2017 to 2027, and by another 1% from 2027 to 2037. Results of this study can support transboundary decision-making processes to analyze potential adverse impacts following past policies with neighboring countries that share the same water resources.
35
Hoseini, Yaser, and Morteza Kamrani. "Using a fuzzy logic decision system to optimize the land suitability evaluation for a sprinkler irrigation method." Outlook on Agriculture 47, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018798381.
Full textAbstract:
Land evaluation for irrigation is the process of predicting land use potential on the basis of soil attributes. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) framework for land suitability evaluation is the most commonly used and is based on the biophysical properties of lands. The FAO framework method for land suitability application Boolean approach that has been criticized by some researchers. Because the Boolean representations ignore the continuous nature of soil and uncertainties in measurement and also its inability for overcoming problems related to vagueness in definition and other uncertainties, fuzzy set methodologies have been proposed. In the present study, the qualitative land suitability evaluation for sprinkler irrigation using parametric-based FAO learning and fuzzy inference system was carried out in an area of 5175 ha in Northwest Iran. By overlaying the layers (soil texture, soil depth, lime, electric conductivity, drainage, and slope) and use of spatial data modeler in ArcGIS 9.3, land evaluation maps for sprinkler irrigation were provided for the area under study. Results showed that based on the parametric approach, 1598 ha of the study area were classified as highly suitable (S1 class) for sprinkler irrigation; the area of highly suitable lands in the parametric method was about five times the area of highly suitable lands obtained through the fuzzy method. In addition, the two methods were completely different in determining moderately suitable lands (S2). Accordingly, 787 ha in the area was moderately suitable using the parametric method, which was about two times that obtained through the fuzzy method. This showed the significant difference between two methods applied to evaluate the lands. Moreover, fuzzy approaches accommodate the continuous nature of some soil properties and produce more intuitive distributions of land suitability indexes.
36
Burgert-Brucker, Clara R., Trinadh Dontamsetti, and Peter W. Gething. "The DHS Program's Modeled Surfaces Spatial Datasets." Studies in Family Planning 49, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sifp.12050.
Full text
37
Müller, Sven. "Advanced spatial analytics and management: models, methods and applications." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2).2016.07.
Full textAbstract:
In this contribution, a concept of the integration of spatial predictive analytics and mathematical programs for spatial decision making – namely, advanced spatial analytics and management – is outlined. In particular, selected methods for spatial predictive analytics are discussed, including spatial econometrics and discrete choice analysis. Then, the integration of spatial predictive models in mathematical programs (prescriptive analytics) for facility location and districting is demonstrated. The paper includes illustrative applications which stem from health care, retail, marketing, logistics, and transportation. Based on the discussion, future research perspectives are developed
38
Song, J., M. L. Wesely, D. J. Holdridge, D. R. Cook, and J. Klazura. "Estimating the Long-Term Hydrological Budget over Heterogeneous Surfaces." Journal of Hydrometeorology 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm483.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Estimates of the hydrological budget in the Walnut River Watershed (WRW; ∼5000 km2) of southern Kansas were made with a parameterized subgrid-scale surface (PASS) model for the period 1996–2002. With its subgrid-scale distribution scheme, the PASS model couples surface meteorological observations with satellite remote sensing data to update root-zone available moisture and to simulate surface evapotranspiration rates at high resolution over extended areas. The PASS model is observationally driven, making use of extensive parameterizations of surface properties and processes. Heterogeneities in surface conditions are spatially resolved to an extent determined primarily by the satellite data pixel size. The purpose of modeling the spatial and interannual variability of water budget components at the regional scale is to evaluate the PASS model's ability to bridge a large grid cell of a climate model with its subgrid-scale variation. Modeled results indicate that annual total evapotranspiration at the WRW is about 66%–88% of annual precipitation—reasonable values for southeastern Kansas—and that it varies spatially and temporally. Seasonal distribution of precipitation plays an important role in evapotranspiration estimates. Comparison of modeled runoff with stream gauge measurements demonstrated close agreement and verified the accuracy of modeled evapotranspiration at the regional scale. In situ measurements of energy fluxes compare favorably with the modeled values for corresponding grid cells, and measured surface soil moisture corresponds with modeled root-zone available moisture in terms of temporal variability despite very heterogeneous surface conditions. With its ability to couple remote sensing data with surface meteorology data and its computational efficiency, PASS is easily used for modeling surface hydrological components over an extended region and in real time. Thus, it can fill a gap in evaluations of climate model output using limited field observations.
39
Dmowska, Anna, and Tomasz F. Stepinski. "Racial Dot Maps Based on Dasymetrically Modeled Gridded Population Data." Social Sciences 8, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050157.
Full textAbstract:
Racial geography, mapping spatial distributions of different racial groups, is of keen interest in a multiracial society like the United States. A racial dot map is a method of visualizing racial geography, which depicts spatial distribution, population density, and racial mix in a single, easy-to-understand map. Because of the richness of information it carries, the dot map is an excellent tool for visual analysis of racial distribution. Presently-used racial dot maps are based on the Census data at the tract or the block level. In this paper, we present a method of constructing a more spatially-accurate racial dot map based on a sub-block-resolution population grid. The utility of our dot maps is further enhanced by placing dots on the map in random order regardless of the race they represent in order to achieve a more accurate depiction of local racial composition. We present a series of comparisons between dot maps based on tract, block, and grid data. The advantage of a grid-based dot map is evident from the visual comparison of all maps with an actual image of the mapped area. We make available the R code for constructing grid-based dot maps. We also make available 2010 grid-based racial dot maps for all counties in the conterminous United States.
40
Liu, T. J., and H. P. Hong. "Application of Spatially Correlated and Coherent Records of Scenario Event to Estimate Seismic Loss of a Portfolio of Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 4 (November 2015): 2047–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/060513eqs143m.
Full textAbstract:
This study extends the stochastic finite-fault model (SFFM) to simulate spatially correlated and coherent records for a scenario seismic event and estimates the seismic loss of spatially distributed buildings using the simulated records. The extension incorporates the spatial coherency and the spatially correlated disturbance. The simulated records are used to evaluate nonlinear inelastic responses of buildings modeled as nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems and to estimate their aggregate seismic loss. Use of the simulated records in such a manner is advantageous since it is applicable to buildings modeled as single- or multi-degree-of-freedom systems with different hysteretic behaviors. The procedure is used to investigate the sensitivity of the seismic loss of a portfolio of hypothetical buildings in downtown Vancouver subjected to a scenario event. The results show that the probability distribution and the quantile of the seismic loss are influenced significantly by the degree of spatial correlation and by nonlinear inelastic behavior.
41
Rodríguez-Gámez, Liz Ileana, and José Antonio Cabrera-Pereyra. "Convergencia municipal en México con modelos de econometría espacial (1999-2014)." econoquantum 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v16.i17158.
Full text
42
Pramoedyo, Henny, and Meilinda Trisilia. "General Spatial Models (GSM) Approach on Baby Infant Mortality Data." Natural-B 1, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.natural-b.2012.001.03.8.
Full text
43
Fernandes, Manoel do Couto, Tata Lacale Canal dos Santos, Pedro Henrique Ferreira Coura, Paulo Márcio Leal de Menezes, and Alan José Salomão Graça. "Modeled Surface Observations for Spatial Analysis of Landscape Dynamics." Journal of Geographic Information System 05, no. 04 (2013): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2013.54039.
Full text
44
Luczak, Artur. "Spatial embedding of neuronal trees modeled by diffusive growth." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 157, no. 1 (October 2006): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.03.024.
Full text
45
Shelton, M. L. "SPATIAL SCALE INFLUENCES ON MODELED RUNOFF FOR LARGE WATERSHEDS." Physical Geography 10, no. 4 (October 1989): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1989.10642389.
Full text
46
Bromwich, David H., Zhichang Guo, Lesheng Bai, and Qiu-shi Chen. "Modeled Antarctic Precipitation. Part I: Spatial and Temporal Variability*." Journal of Climate 17, no. 3 (February 2004): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0427:mappis>2.0.co;2.
Full text
47
Hajduk, Sławomira. "Smart City Model and Urban Spatial Management." Gospodarka Narodowa 302, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/120626.
Full text
48
EGHWERIDO, Joseph Thomas, and Julian Ibezimako MBEGBU. "Adaptive Models for Nonstationary Spatial Covariance Structures." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics 12, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/biostatic.2019-66181.
Full text
49
Hysa. "Identifying the Forest Surfaces Prone to Fire Ignition and Wildfire Spread in Metropolitan Areas; a Comparative Case from Western Balkans." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030001.
Full textAbstract:
Human activity combined with the dynamics of severe climate conditions are accepted the main drivers of wildfire events in the Mediterranean region. This fact is urging for further comprehensive research focusing on the wildland-urban interface (WUI) at metropolitan scale, at which the tension between the cause and effect of wildfire is the highest. In this context, the study brings a comparative case between two metropolitan areas from Western Balkan countries, the forest lands of which are classified by their index of wildfire ignition probability (WIPI) and wildfire spreading capacity (WSCI). Originally, both indexing methods rely on a multi-criteria evaluation which considers simultaneously the geophysical, hydrometeorological and anthropogenic factors of the territory. All stages of the process are performed by utilizing QGIS software. First, the forest surfaces within the metropolitan zone of Tirana (AL) and Sarajevo (BH) are extracted from Urban Atlas land cover data being provided as an open source by Copernicus data portal (EU). Reference points grid (distance of 100m) overlapping with the forest surfaces serve as pivot points to which the relative values of each criteria are projected. Later the absolute values are normalized into 10 classes via Jenks natural break method. The class value of each criterion is introduced into the indexing equation multiplied by the unique impact factor being weighted via pairwise comparative method in Analytical Hierarchy processing. The majority of the workflow steps are automated via Graphical Modeler in QGIS utilizing open source spatial data, giving floor to further applicability of the method to similar cases. As a result, there are produced statistical and graphical information being useful for identifying wildfire prone forest surfaces within the metropolitan areas. Being applied into two different study areas, the results enable a comparative discussion and evaluation at regional scale. By utilizing open source software and data, this work contributes in the development of practical and re-applicable models of wildfire risk assessment promoting open access scientific culture. Finally, the study results successful in testing a rapid and cost free method for identifying the forest areas prone to wildfire ignition and spreading risk in metropolitan areas in support to disaster risk reduction agendas and sustainable Development Goals.
50
Szymanowski, Mariusz, Maciej Kryza, and Waldemar Spallek. "Regression-based air temperature spatial prediction models: an example from Poland." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0440.
Full text