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Journal articles on the topic 'Spatial temporal simulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Rakovec, O., P. Hazenberg, P. J. J. F. Torfs, A. H. Weerts, and R. Uijlenhoet. "Generating spatial precipitation ensembles: impact of temporal correlation structure." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (2012): 3419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3419-2012.

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Abstract. Sound spatially distributed rainfall fields including a proper spatial and temporal error structure are of key interest for hydrologists to force hydrological models and to identify uncertainties in the simulated and forecasted catchment response. The current paper presents a temporally coherent error identification method based on time-dependent multivariate spatial conditional simulations, which are conditioned on preceding simulations. A sensitivity analysis and real-world experiment are carried out within the hilly region of the Belgian Ardennes. Precipitation fields are simulate

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Rakovec, O., P. Hazenberg, P. J. J. F. Torfs, A. H. Weerts, and R. Uijlenhoet. "Generating spatial precipitation ensembles: impact of temporal correlation structure." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (2012): 3087–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-3087-2012.

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Abstract. Sound spatially distributed rainfall fields including a proper spatial and temporal error structure are of key interest for hydrologists to force hydrological models and to identify uncertainties in the simulated and forecasted catchment response. The current paper presents a temporal coherent error identification method based on time-dependent multivariate spatial conditional simulations, which are made further conditional on preceding simulations. Synthetic and real world experiments are carried out within the hilly region of the Belgian Ardennes. Precipitation fields are simulated

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Moraru, Ion I., and Leslie M. Loew. "Intracellular Signaling: Spatial and Temporal Control." Physiology 20, no. 3 (2005): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00052.2004.

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Cells integrate many inputs through complex networks of interacting signaling pathways. Systems approaches as well as computer-aided reductionist approaches attempt to “untangle the wires” and gain an intimate understanding of cells. But “understanding” any system is just the way that the human mind gains the ability to predict behavior. Computer simulations are an alternative way to achieve this goal—quite possibly the only way for complex systems. We have new tools to probe large sets of unknown interactions, and we have amassed enough detailed information to quantitatively describe many fun

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MISRA, A. K., MILAN TIWARI, and ANUPAMA SHARMA. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN A CHOLERA TRANSMISSION MODEL." Journal of Biological Systems 23, no. 03 (2015): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339015500242.

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Cholera has been a public health threat for centuries. Unlike the biological characteristics, relatively less effort has been paid to comprehend the spatial dynamics of this disease. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a cholera epidemic model for variable population size and studied the spatial patterns in two-dimensional space. First, we have performed the equilibrium and local stability analysis of steady states obtained for temporal system. Afterwards, the local and global stability behavior of the endemic steady state in a spatially extended setting has been investigated. The numer

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Wang, Dong, Jiahong Liu, Weiwei Shao, Chao Mei, Xin Su, and Hao Wang. "Comparison of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Multi-Model Ensemble for Precipitation Downscaling Results and Observational Data: The Case of Hanjiang River Basin." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070867.

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Evaluating global climate model (GCM) outputs is essential for accurately simulating future hydrological cycles using hydrological models. The GCM multi-model ensemble (MME) precipitation simulations of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) were spatially and temporally downscaled according to a multi-site statistical downscaling method for the Hanjiang River Basin (HRB), China. Downscaled precipitation accuracy was assessed using data collected from 14 meteorological stations in the HRB. The spatial performances, temporal performances, and se

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Koster, R. D., G. K. Walker, G. J. Collatz, and P. E. Thornton. "Hydroclimatic Controls on the Means and Variability of Vegetation Phenology and Carbon Uptake." Journal of Climate 27, no. 14 (2014): 5632–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00477.1.

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Abstract Long-term, global offline (land only) simulations with a dynamic vegetation phenology model are used to examine the control of hydroclimate over vegetation-related quantities. First, with a control simulation, the model is shown to capture successfully (though with some bias) key observed relationships between hydroclimate and the spatial and temporal variations of phenological expression. In subsequent simulations, the model shows that (i) the global spatial variation of seasonal phenological maxima is controlled mostly by hydroclimate, irrespective of distributions in vegetation typ

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Groot Zwaaftink, Christine D., Ólafur Arnalds, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Sabine Eckhardt, Joseph M. Prospero, and Andreas Stohl. "Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (2017): 10865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017.

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Abstract. Icelandic dust sources are known to be highly active, yet there exist few model simulations of Icelandic dust that could be used to assess its impacts on the environment. We here present estimates of dust emission and transport in Iceland over 27 years (1990–2016) based on FLEXDUST and FLEXPART simulations and meteorological re-analysis data. Simulations for the year 2012 based on high-resolution operational meteorological analyses are used for model evaluation based on PM2. 5 and PM10 observations in Iceland. For stations in Reykjavik, we find that the spring period is well predicte

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Wu, Xiaokang, Huang Yang, Darryn W. Waugh, Clara Orbe, Simone Tilmes, and Jean-Francois Lamarque. "Spatial and temporal variability of interhemispheric transport times." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (2018): 7439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7439-2018.

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Abstract. The seasonal and interannual variability of transport times from the northern midlatitude surface into the Southern Hemisphere is examined using simulations of three idealized “age” tracers: an ideal age tracer that yields the mean transit time from northern midlatitudes and two tracers with uniform 50- and 5-day decay. For all tracers the largest seasonal and interannual variability occurs near the surface within the tropics and is generally closely coupled to movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). There are, however, notable differences in variability between the di

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Garrison, Lehman H., Michael Joyce, and Daniel J. Eisenstein. "Good and proper: self-similarity of N-body simulations with proper force softening." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 3 (2021): 3550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1096.

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ABSTRACT Analysis of self-similarity in scale-free N-body simulations reveals the spatial and temporal scales for which statistics measured in cosmological simulations are converged to the physical continuum limit. We examine how the range of scales in which the two-point correlation function is converged depends on the force softening length and whether it is held constant in comoving or proper coordinates. We find that a proper softening that reaches roughly 1/30th of the inter-particle spacing by the end of the simulation resolves the same spatial and temporal scales as a comoving softening

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Grochová, Ladislava, and Luboš Střelec. "Heteroskedasticity, temporal and spatial correlation matter." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072151.

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As economic time series or cross sectional data are typically affected by serial correlation and/or heteroskedasticity of unknown form, panel data typically contains some form of heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and/or spatial correlation. Therefore, robust inference in the presence of heteroskedasticity and spatial dependence is an important problem in spatial data analysis. In this paper we study the standard errors based on the HAC of cross-section averages that follows Vogelsang’s (2012) fixed-b asymptotic theory, i.e. we continue with Driscoll and Kraay approach (1998). The Monte Ca

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Slawinska, Joanna, Olivier Pauluis, Andrew J. Majda, and Wojciech W. Grabowski. "Multiscale Interactions in an Idealized Walker Cell: Simulations with Sparse Space–Time Superparameterization." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 2 (2015): 563–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00082.1.

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Abstract This paper discusses the sparse space–time superparameterization (SSTSP) algorithm and evaluates its ability to represent interactions between moist convection and the large-scale circulation in the context of a Walker cell flow over a planetary scale two-dimensional domain. The SSTSP represents convective motions in each column of the large-scale model by embedding a cloud-resolving model, and relies on a sparse sampling in both space and time to reduce computational cost of explicit simulation of convective processes. Simulations are performed varying the spatial compression and/or

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Huang, Long Yang, Jun Luo, and Wei Jun Pan. "Spatial-Temporal Non-Uniform Subband Broadband Beamforming." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1223.

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A spatial-temporal scheme based on non-uniform subband general parameter filter banks for broadband beamforming of scaled aperture array is proposed in this paper. The scaled aperture array is composed of several uniformly-spaced linear subarrays, each of which processes an octave subband signal respectively. The non-uniform subband signal is implemented by tree-structure general parameter filter banks. Each subarray broadband beamforming is carried out by a kind of tapped-delay-line (TDL) infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filters beamformer, and four subarrays share the same weights. This proce

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Jahn, M. W., P. E. Bradley, M. Al Doori, and M. Breunig. "TOPOLOGICALLY CONSISTENT MODELS FOR EFFICIENT BIG GEO-SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA DISTRIBUTION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W5 (October 23, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w5-65-2017.

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Geo-spatio-temporal topology models are likely to become a key concept to check the consistency of 3D (spatial space) and 4D (spatial + temporal space) models for emerging GIS applications such as subsurface reservoir modelling or the simulation of energy and water supply of mega or smart cities. Furthermore, the data management for complex models consisting of big geo-spatial data is a challenge for GIS and geo-database research. General challenges, concepts, and techniques of big geo-spatial data management are presented. In this paper we introduce a sound mathematical approach for a topolog

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14

Philip, S., R. V. Martin, and C. A. Keller. "Sensitivity of chemical transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 11 (2015): 9589–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-9589-2015.

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Abstract. Chemical transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to temporal resolution. Subsequently, we compare the tracers simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by glob

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Tsukamoto, S., T. Sasoh, T. Sakaki, et al. "A complex baseband platform for spatial-temporal mobile radio channel simulations." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 51, no. 5 (2002): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2002.801772.

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Chu, Chunlei, and Paul L. Stoffa. "Implicit finite-difference simulations of seismic wave propagation." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 2 (2012): T57—T67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0180.1.

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We propose a new finite-difference modeling method, implicit both in space and in time, for the scalar wave equation. We use a three-level implicit splitting time integration method for the temporal derivative and implicit finite-difference operators of arbitrary order for the spatial derivatives. Both the implicit splitting time integration method and the implicit spatial finite-difference operators require solving systems of linear equations. We show that it is possible to merge these two sets of linear systems, one from implicit temporal discretizations and the other from implicit spatial d

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Skote, Martin. "Comparison between spatial and temporal wall oscillations in turbulent boundary layer flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 730 (July 30, 2013): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.344.

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AbstractDirect numerical simulations have been performed to study the drag reduction resulting from spatial oscillations of a segment of the wall under a turbulent boundary layer. The oscillating motion is imposed by utilizing a streamwise modulated spanwise wall forcing. The results are compared with earlier simulations using temporal oscillations with an identical segment and forcing amplitudes, and with a frequency related to the wavelength through a convective velocity. Two different oscillation amplitudes with equal oscillation wavelength have been used, which allows for a direct comparis

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Wagner, S., H. Kunstmann, and A. Bárdossy. "Model based distributed water balance monitoring of the White Volta catchment in West Africa through coupled meteorological-hydrological simulations." Advances in Geosciences 9 (September 26, 2006): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-9-39-2006.

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Abstract. Sustainable water management requires the quantification of the spatial and temporal changes of water balance variables. Fully distributed hydrological simulations of these variables are especially in regions with weak infrastructure challenging, because the required meteorological input data are often not available in a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. One possibility to deal with this limitation is to provide the required input data with a meteorological model. This combination results in a one way meteorological-hydrological coupling system. Within the framework of the

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ZHANG, LIXIANG, and WENQUAN WANG. "LES OF TURBULENT FLOW IN 3D SKEW BLADE PASSAGE OF A REACTING HYDRO TURBINE." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 28n29 (2005): 1487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905009729.

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The turbulent flow in a reacting hydro turbine was simulated with large eddy simulation (LES) to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of the turbulence in a 3D skew blade passage. The simulations show that the intrinsic features are quite complicated. LES can capture the details of the structures, and the results are generally agreeable with those by direct numerical simulation.

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Lai, Xin, Jun Wen, Sixian Cen, Xi Huang, Hui Tian, and Xiaokang Shi. "Spatial and Temporal Soil Moisture Variations over China from Simulations and Observations." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4587687.

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The Community Land Model version 4.0 (CLM4.0) driven by the forcing data of Princeton University was used to simulate soil moisture (SM) from 1961 to 2010 over China. The simulated SM was compared to the in situ SM measurements from International Soil Moisture Network over China, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis data, a new microwave based multiple-satellite surface SM dataset (SM-MW), and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA Interim/Land) SM data. The results showed that CLM4.0 simulation is capable of capturing characterist

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Muthu, Satish, and Shanti Bhushan. "Comparison between temporal and spatial direct numerical simulations for bypass transition flows." Journal of Turbulence 21, no. 5-6 (2020): 311–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2020.1788218.

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Stuart, Steven J., Yang Li, Oyeon Kum, J. W. Mintmire, and Arthur F. Voter. "Reactive Bond-Order Simulations Using Both Spatial and Temporal Approaches to Parallelism." Structural Chemistry 15, no. 5 (2004): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:stuc.0000037905.54615.b0.

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Wu, Yan, Oliver Wieben, Charles A. Mistretta, and Frank R. Korosec. "Evaluation of temporal and spatial characteristics of 2D HYPR processing using simulations." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 59, no. 5 (2008): 1090–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21564.

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Tian, Jiyang, Jia Liu, Denghua Yan, Chuanzhe Li, and Fuliang Yu. "Numerical rainfall simulation with different spatial and temporal evenness by using a WRF multiphysics ensemble." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 4 (2017): 563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-563-2017.

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Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in this study to simulate six storm events in two semi-humid catchments of northern China. The six storm events are classified into four types based on the rainfall evenness in the spatial and temporal dimensions. Two microphysics, two planetary boundary layers (PBL) and three cumulus parameterizations are combined to develop an ensemble containing 16 members for rainfall generation. The WRF model performs the best for type 1 events with relatively even distributions of rainfall in both space and time. The average relative erro

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Vallés-Pérez, David, Susana Planelles, and Vicent Quilis. "On the accretion history of galaxy clusters: temporal and spatial distribution." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 2 (2020): 2303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3035.

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ABSTRACT We analyse the results of an Eulerian adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulation in order to quantify the mass growth of galaxy clusters, exploring the differences between dark matter and baryons. We have determined the mass assembly histories (MAHs) of each of the mass components and computed several proxies for the instantaneous mass accretion rate (MAR). The mass growth of both components is clearly dominated by the contribution of major mergers, but high MARs can also occur during smooth accretion periods. We explored the correlations between MARs, merger events, and cluster

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McRobie, Fiona H., Li-Pen Wang, Christian Onof, and Stephen Kenney. "A spatial-temporal rainfall generator for urban drainage design." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (2013): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.241.

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The work presented here is a contribution to the Thames Water project of improving the Counters Creek catchment sewerage system in London. An increase in the number of floods affecting basements in the area has indicated the need for improvements to the system. The cost of such improvements could be very high, and as such it is important to determine whether the traditional approach of applying 30-year spatially uniform design storms results in substantial overestimation. The first step in this is to generate simulations of spatially distributed rainfall events, from which 30-year storms can b

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Stammer, Detlef, Carl Wunsch, and Kyozo Ueyoshi. "Temporal Changes in Ocean Eddy Transports." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2858.1.

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Abstract New estimates from 11 yr of altimetric data are made of the global time-average variability kinetic energy and its decadal-scale variability. Making the approximation that the variability reflects primarily eddy motions, a time-mean, but spatially varying, eddy mixing coefficient is then estimated along with its changes over the last decade. With a record length more than 2 times that previously available, the time-mean variability kinetic energy KE is statistically more reliable and smoother in its spatial pattern. Minimum values of KE are present in the subpolar North Pacific Ocean

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Burgi, Pierre-Yves, Alan L. Yuille, and Norberto M. Grzywacz. "Probabilistic Motion Estimation Based on Temporal Coherence." Neural Computation 12, no. 8 (2000): 1839–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015169.

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We develop a theory for the temporal integration of visual motion motivated by psychophysical experiments. The theory proposes that input data are temporally grouped and used to predict and estimate the motion flows in the image sequence. This temporal grouping can be considered a generalization of the data association techniques that engineers use to study motion sequences. Our temporal grouping theory is expressed in terms of the Bayesian generalization of standard Kalman filtering. To implement the theory, we derive a parallel network that shares some properties of cortical networks. Comput

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Huang, Xiang Yang, Ming Shun Ai, and Peng Peng Yu. "An Efficient DOA Estimation Algorithm for Spatial-Temporal Correlated Sources." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.554.

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This paper presents a signal direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation approach that possesses excellent performance in spatial and temporal correlated signals environments. Firstly, an algebraic solution of the null subspace is derived based on the Vandermonde structured steering vectors of uniform linear array when all the sources possess identical nonzero mean value, and then, the DOA estimation is obtained with a polynomial rooting method. The novel algorithm performs much better than the conventional algorithms in the situation that the sources are closely spaced or correlated, and simulation

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Rangel, Thiago F., Neil R. Edwards, Philip B. Holden, et al. "Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves." Science 361, no. 6399 (2018): eaar5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5452.

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Individual processes shaping geographical patterns of biodiversity are increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales remain beyond the reach of analytical models and traditional experiments. To meet this challenge, we built a spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model implementing adaptation, range shifts, fragmentation, speciation, dispersal, competition, and extinction, driven by modeled climates of the past 800,000 years in South America. Experimental topographic smoothing confirmed the impact of climate heterogeneity on diversification.

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Stoner, Anne Marie K., Katharine Hayhoe, and Donald J. Wuebbles. "Assessing General Circulation Model Simulations of Atmospheric Teleconnection Patterns." Journal of Climate 22, no. 16 (2009): 4348–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2577.1.

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Abstract The ability of coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) to simulate variability in regional and global atmospheric dynamics is an important aspect of model evaluation. This is particularly true for recurring large-scale patterns known to be correlated with surface climate anomalies. Here, the authors evaluate the ability of all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) historical Twentieth-Century Climate in Coupled Models (20C3M) AOGCM simulations for which the required output fields are available to simulate three patterns of

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Senthilkumar, Niru, Mark Gilfether, Francesca Metcalf, Armistead G. Russell, James A. Mulholland, and Howard H. Chang. "Application of a Fusion Method for Gas and Particle Air Pollutants between Observational Data and Chemical Transport Model Simulations Over the Contiguous United States for 2005–2014." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (2019): 3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183314.

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Accurate spatiotemporal air quality data are critical for use in assessment of regulatory effectiveness and for exposure assessment in health studies. A number of data fusion methods have been developed to combine observational data and chemical transport model (CTM) results. Our approach focuses on preserving the temporal variation provided by observational data while deriving the spatial variation from the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) simulations, a type of CTM. Here we show the results of fusing regulatory monitoring observational data with 12 km resolution CTM simulation results

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Rahman, Khalilur, Margaretha Ari Anggorowati, and Agung Andiojaya. "Prediction and Simulation Spatio-Temporal Support Vector Regression for Nonlinear Data." International Journal on Information and Communication Technology (IJoICT) 6, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21108/ijoict.2020.61.477.

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<p>Spatio-temporal model forecasting method is a forecasting model that combines forecasting with a function of time and space. This method is expected to be able to answer the challenge to produce more accurate and representative forecasting. Using the ability of method Support Vector Regression in dealing with data that is mostly patterned non-linear premises n adding a spatial element in the model of forecasting in the form of a model forecasting Spatio- Temporal. Some simulations have done with generating data that follows the Threshold Autoregressive model. The models are correlated

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Al Saadi, Fahad, Alan Champneys, Annette Worthy, and Ahmed Msmali. "Stationary and oscillatory localized patterns in ratio-dependent predator–prey systems." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 86, no. 4 (2021): 808–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/hxab018.

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Abstract Investigations are undertaken into simple predator–prey models with rational interaction terms in one and two spatial dimensions. Focusing on a case with linear interaction and saturation, an analysis for long domains in 1D is undertaken using ideas from spatial dynamics. In the limit that prey diffuses much more slowly than predator, the Turing bifurcation is found to be subcritical, which gives rise to localized patterns within a Pomeau pinning parameter region. Parameter regions for localized patterns and isolated spots are delineated. For a realistic range of parameters, a tempora

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Lauvaux, T., O. Pannekoucke, C. Sarrat, et al. "Structure of the transport uncertainty in mesoscale inversions of CO<sub>2</sub> sources and sinks using ensemble model simulations." Biogeosciences 6, no. 6 (2009): 1089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1089-2009.

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Abstract. We study the characteristics of a statistical ensemble of mesoscale simulations in order to estimate the model error in the simulation of CO2 concentrations. The ensemble consists of ten members and the reference simulation using the operationnal short range forecast PEARP, perturbed using the Singular Vector technique. We then used this ensemble of simulations as the initial and boundary conditions for the meso scale model (Méso-NH) simulations, which uses CO2 fluxes from the ISBA-A-gs land surface model. The final ensemble represents the model dependence to the boundary conditions,

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Battarbee, Markus, Thiago Brito, Markku Alho, et al. "Vlasov simulation of electrons in the context of hybrid global models: an eVlasiator approach." Annales Geophysicae 39, no. 1 (2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-85-2021.

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Abstract. Modern investigations of dynamical space plasma systems such as magnetically complicated topologies within the Earth's magnetosphere make great use of supercomputer models as well as spacecraft observations. Space plasma simulations can be used to investigate energy transfer, acceleration, and plasma flows on both global and local scales. Simulation of global magnetospheric dynamics requires spatial and temporal scales currently achievable through magnetohydrodynamics or hybrid-kinetic simulations, which approximate electron dynamics as a charge-neutralizing fluid. We introduce a nov

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Coulthard, Tom J., and Christopher J. Skinner. "The sensitivity of landscape evolution models to spatial and temporal rainfall resolution." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2016): 757–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-757-2016.

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Abstract. Climate is one of the main drivers for landscape evolution models (LEMs), yet its representation is often basic with values averaged over long time periods and frequently lumped to the same value for the whole basin. Clearly, this hides the heterogeneity of precipitation – but what impact does this averaging have on erosion and deposition, topography, and the final shape of LEM landscapes? This paper presents results from the first systematic investigation into how the spatial and temporal resolution of precipitation affects LEM simulations of sediment yields and patterns of erosion

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Henley, Benjamin J., Gerald Meehl, Scott B. Power, et al. "Spatial and temporal agreement in climate model simulations of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 4 (2017): 044011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5cc8.

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Powell, A. M., J. Xu, C. Z. Zou, and L. Zhao. "Stratospheric and tropospheric SSU/MSU temperature trends and compared to reanalyses and IPCC CMIP5 simulations in 1979–2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 2 (2013): 3957–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-3957-2013.

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Abstract. Using the satellite temperature measurements from the Stratospheric Sounding Units (SSU) and Microwave Sounding Units (MSU including the advanced microwave sounding unit, AMSU) since 1979, the trends and uncertainties in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model simulations from the middle troposphere to the upper stratosphere (5–50 km) have been explored. The temperature trend discrepancies between the new generation reanalyses are investigated. Both the temporal character of the global mean temperature and the regional spatial pattern of the temperature trends a

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Ngan, Fong, Ariel Stein, and Roland Draxler. "Inline Coupling of WRF–HYSPLIT: Model Development and Evaluation Using Tracer Experiments." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 6 (2015): 1162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0247.1.

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AbstractThe Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), a Lagrangian dispersion model, has been coupled (inline) to the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model meteorological model in such a way that the HYSPLIT calculation is run as part of the WRF-ARW prediction calculation. This inline version of HYSPLIT takes advantage of the higher temporal frequency of WRF-ARW variables relative to what would be available for the offline approach. Furthermore, the dispersion calculation uses the same vertical coordinate system as WRF-ARW, resulting in a more consiste

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Wu, Wanli, Amanda H. Lynch, Sheldon Drobot, James Maslanik, A. David McGuire, and Ute Herzfeld. "Comparative Analysis of the Western Arctic Surface Climate among Observations and Model Simulations." Earth Interactions 11, no. 6 (2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei202.1.

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Abstract Accurate estimates of the spatial and temporal variation in terrestrial water and energy fluxes and mean states are important for simulating regional hydrology and biogeochemistry in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop high-resolution hydroclimatological datasets at finer spatial resolutions than are currently available from global analyses. This study uses a regional climate model (RCM) to develop a hydroclimatological dataset for hydrologic and ecological application in the Western Arctic. The fifth-generation Penn State–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) forced b

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Sakaguchi, Koichi, Xubin Zeng, and Michael A. Brunke. "Temporal- and Spatial-Scale Dependence of Three CMIP3 Climate Models in Simulating the Surface Temperature Trend in the Twentieth Century." Journal of Climate 25, no. 7 (2012): 2456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00106.1.

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Abstract Motivated by increasing interests in regional- and decadal-scale climate predictions, this study systematically analyzed the spatial- and temporal-scale dependence of the prediction skill of global climate models in surface air temperature (SAT) change in the twentieth century. The linear trends of annual mean SAT over moving time windows (running linear trends) from two observational datasets and simulations by three global climate models [Community Climate System Model, version 3.0 (CCSM3.0), Climate Model, version 2.0 (CM2.0), and Model E-H] that participated in CMIP3 are compared

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Zhao, L., J. Xu, and A. M. Powell Jr. "Discrepancies of surface temperature trends in the CMIP5 simulations and observations on the global and regional scales." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 6 (2013): 6161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6161-2013.

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Abstract. Using the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model simulations and two observational datasets, the surface temperature trends and their discrepancies have been examined. The temporal-spatial characteristics for the surface temperature trends are discussed. Different from a constant estimated linear trend for the entire simulation period of 1850–2012, a dynamical trend using running linear least squares fitting with the moving 10 yr time windows are calculated. The results show that the CMIP5 model simulations are generally in good agreement with the observational mea

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Nejadmalayeri, Alireza, Alexei Vezolainen, Giuliano De Stefano, and Oleg V. Vasilyev. "Fully adaptive turbulence simulations based on Lagrangian spatio-temporally varying wavelet thresholding." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 749 (May 22, 2014): 794–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.241.

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AbstractA new framework for spatio-temporally adaptive turbulence simulations is proposed. The method is based on a variable-fidelity representation that tightly integrates numerics and modelling of subgrid-scale turbulence and aims to capture the flow physics on a near-optimal adaptive mesh. The integration is achieved by combining hierarchical wavelet-based computational modelling with spatially and temporally varying wavelet threshold filtering. The proposed approach provides automatic smooth transition from directly resolving all flow physics to capturing only the energetic/coherent struct

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Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M., Odin Gramstad, Anne Karin Magnusson, and Mika Malila. "Challenges in Description of Nonlinear Waves Due to Sampling Variability." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040279.

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Wave description is affected by several uncertainties, with sampling variability due to limited number of observations being one of them. Ideally, temporal/spatial wave registrations should be as large as possible to eliminate this uncertainty. This is difficult to reach in nature, where stationarity of sea states is an issue, but it can in principle be obtained in laboratory tests and numerical simulations, where initial wave conditions can be kept constant and intrinsic variability can be accounted for by changing random seeds for each run. Using linear, second-order, and third-order unidire

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Philip, Sajeev, Randall V. Martin, and Christoph A. Keller. "Sensitivity of chemistry-transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 5 (2016): 1683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1683-2016.

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Abstract. Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to operator duration. Subsequently, we compare the species simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by glob

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Kim, Soojun, Jaewon Kwak, Hung Soo Kim, Younghun Jung, and Gilho Kim. "Nearest Neighbor–Genetic Algorithm for Downscaling of Climate Change Data from GCMs." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 3 (2016): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0100.1.

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AbstractThe spatial and temporal resolution of readily available climate change projections from general circulation models (GCM) has limited applicability. Consequently, several downscaling methods have been developed. These methods predominantly focus on a single meteorological series at specific sites. Spatial and temporal correlation of the precipitation and temperature fields is important for hydrologic applications. This research uses a nearest neighbor–genetic algorithm (NN–GA) method to analyze the Namhan River basin in the Korean Peninsula. Using the simulation results of the CNRM-CM

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Eggert, B., P. Berg, J. O. Haerter, D. Jacob, and C. Moseley. "Temporal and spatial scaling impacts on extreme precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 10 (2015): 5957–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5957-2015.

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Abstract. Convective and stratiform precipitation events have fundamentally different physical causes. Using a radar composite over Germany, this study separates these precipitation types and compares extremes at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from 1 to 50 km and 5 min to 6 h, respectively. Four main objectives are addressed. First, we investigate extreme precipitation intensities for convective and stratiform precipitation events at different spatial and temporal resolutions to identify type-dependent space and time reduction factors and to analyze regional and seasonal differ

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Eberl, Herman J., David F. Parker, and Mark C. M. Van Loosdrecht. "A New Deterministic Spatio-Temporal Continuum Model for Biofilm Development." Journal of Theoretical Medicine 3, no. 3 (2001): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10273660108833072.

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A new mathematical model for the development of spatially heterogeneous biofilm structures is presented. Unlike previous hybrid discrete/continuum models it is a continuum model throughout, describing the interaction of nutrient availability and biomass production. Spatial biomass spreading is described by a nonlinear density-dependent diffusion mechanism. The diffusion operator degenerates for small biomass densities and is singular at the biomass density bound. The model can be interpreted as a predator-prey model for biomass and nutrients. First numerical simulations show that the model is

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Wu, Angela, Seunghwan Keum, and Volker Sick. "Large Eddy Simulations with Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) modeling of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019029.

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In this study, the effects of the thermal boundary conditions at the engine walls on the predictions of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of a motored Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) were examined. Two thermal boundary condition cases were simulated. One case used a fixed, uniform wall temperature, which is typically used in conventional LES modeling of ICEs. The second case utilized a Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) modeling approach to obtain temporally and spatially varying wall temperature. The CHT approach solves the coupled heat transfer problem between fluid and solid domains. The CHT case in

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