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Journal articles on the topic 'Speakers and Default modules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Biswajit, Mallick. "Design and Development of an Intelligent Raspberry Pi-Powered Smart Mirror." Research and Applications: Embedded System 8, no. 2 (2025): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15371121.

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<em>This work presents the development of a Smart Mirror system using Raspberry Pi 4 as part of an advanced robotics project. The smart mirror functions as both a traditional mirror and an interactive digital display, offering users a range of useful information through various modules. Key features include weather updates (based on geographic coordinates), newsfeed, YouTube screencast, compliments, holiday lists, and real-time financial data display. By integrating different functionalities into a single device, the smart mirror aims to make daily routines more efficient and enjoyable, provid

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Shoji, Shinichi. "Syntactic, Semantic and Discourse Effects on the Processing of Scrambled Japanese Sentences." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 3 (2022): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1303.04.

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In Japanese sentences, the default word order is ‘subject-object-verb’ (SOV). However, Japanese allows scrambling of noun phrases (NPs), for example ‘object-subject-verb’ (OSV) as opposed to the unscrambled default order. Two self-paced reading experiments in the moving window paradigm were conducted to test the effects of syntax, semantics and discourse in native Japanese and native English speakers’ processing of scrambled Japanese sentences. The first experiment examined how the syntactic factor (NP order) and semantic factor (NP animacy) affect processing of Japanese sentences. Results rev

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Alexiadou, Artemis, Vasiliki Rizou, Nikolaos Tsokanos, and Foteini Karkaletsou. "Gender Agreement Mismatches in Heritage Greek." Languages 6, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010003.

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This paper investigates gender agreement mismatches between nominal expressions and the targets of agreement they control in two groups (adults and adolescents) of Heritage Greek speakers in the USA. On the basis of language production data elicited via a narration task, we show that USA Greek Heritage speakers, unlike monolingual controls, show mismatches in gender agreement. We will show that the mismatches observed differ with respect to the agreement target between groups, i.e., noun phrase internal agreement seems more affected in the adolescent group, while personal pronouns appear equal

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Brambatti Guzzo, Natália, and Heather Goad. "Overriding default interpretations through prosody: Depictive predicates in Brazilian Portuguese." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4077.

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In Brazilian Portuguese, depictive predicates can have ambiguous readings: the attribute can either refer to the subject (high attachment; HA) or the object (low attachment; LA) of the sentence. Previous studies have found that LA is the default interpretation for ambiguous depictive predicates (e.g., Magalhães & Maia 2006, Fonseca & Magalhães 2007), and that speakers use different acoustic cues to signal HA. However, these studies found several mismatches between speakers’ intended intonation and listeners’ interpretations. We conducted a judgement task and a production task to determ

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Yamaguchi, Yumiko, and Satomi Kawaguchi. "Processability Analysis of the Acquisition of English L2 Syntax by Japanese and Chinese Speakers." International Journal of Linguistics 15, no. 6 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v15i6.21444.

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Processability Theory (PT; Pienemann, 1998) argues that there is a universal hierarchy in the acquisition of second language (L2) grammar. As for L2 syntax, PT proposes the Lexical Mapping Hypothesis (LMH; Pienemann, et al. 2005) in which learners are predicted to progress from ‘default mapping’, where the argument hierarchy maps onto the grammatical function hierarchy in a default way, to ‘non-default mapping’, where the strictly hierarchical mapping is disrupted under semantic and/or pragmatic pressure (Pienemann, et al., 2015). More recently, an additional intermediate stage between default

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de, la Cruz-Pavía Irene, and Alcíbar Gorka Elordieta. "Prosodic phrasing of relative clauses with two possible antecedents in Spanish: a comparison of Spanish native speakers and L1Basque bilingual speakers." Folia Linguistica 49, no. 1 (2015): 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1515/flin-2015-0006.

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The present production study investigates the prosodic phrasing characteristic of sentences containing a relative clause with two possible noun phrase antecedents [Noun Phrase 1 Noun Phrase 2 Relative Clause] in the variety of Spanish spoken in the Basque Country. It aims to establish the default prosodic phrasing of these structures, as well as whether differences are found in phrasing between native and non-native speakers. Additionally, it examines the effect on prosodic phrasing of constituent length and familiarity with the sentences (skimming the sentences prior to reading them alou

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Nara, Kiranpreet. "An investigation of ongoing tonal changes in Punjabi." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022727.

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Punjabi developed the falling and the rising tones due to the loss of the voiced aspirated consonants and the word-final glottal fricative /ɦ/ and the default tone appeared elsewhere. A falling pitch has recently been observed to develop in words with an initial glottal fricative and both falling and rising pitch patterns have been observed in words without any apparent conditioning factor (‘novel’ words). These developments within some traditionally default tone words have been only briefly mentioned in the literature (Shackle, 2003; Schniske, 2015; and Bhardwaj, 2016) and have not been inves

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Nara, Kiranpreet. "An quantitative analysis of Punjabi tones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A38—A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022726.

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Punjabi has three tones, the falling and the rising tones developed due to the historically lost voiced aspirated consonants and word-final glottal fricative /ɦ/, and the default tone occurred elsewhere. While there has been some experimental research on Punjabi tones, there have been limitations due few stimuli and speakers. The main aim of the current study was to provide a phonetic examination of the fundamental frequency (f0) patterns across a large number of Punjabi words produced by multiple speakers. The experiment was conducted online using 24 native speakers (9F, 15M) of Indian Punjab

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Choudhury, Arunima, and Elsi Kaiser. "Prosodic focus in Bangla: A psycholinguistic investigation of production and perception." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 3 (April 8, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.597.

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The paper investigates the prosodic distinctions available in Bangla/Bengali to differentiate focus-types. Bangla has canonical SOV order. The immediate preverbal position is the default focus position. We conducted an elicitation study followed by a perception study to investigate whether Bangla speakers distinguish new-information vs. contrastive focus prosodically and whether the syntactic position of the focused constituent matters. We found reliable effects between focus-types only when the focused constituent is an object, in the default focus position. Therefore, Bangla uses prosodic cu

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Sokolova, Marina, and Jessica Ward. "Don’t Pause Me When I Switch: Parsing Effects of Code-Switching." Languages 10, no. 8 (2025): 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10080183.

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This study investigates the effect of code-switching (CS) on the processing and attachment resolution of ambiguous relative clauses (RCs) like ‘Bill saw the friend of the neighbor that was talking about football’ by heritage speakers of Spanish. It checks whether code-switching imposes a prosodic break at the place of language change, and whether this prosodic break affects RC parsing, as predicted by the Implicit Prosody Hypothesis: a high attachment (HA) preference results from a prosodic break at the RC. A prosodic break at the preposition ‘of’ in the complex DP ‘the friend of the neighbor’

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Mołczanow, Janina, Ekaterina Iskra, Olga Dragoy, Richard Wiese, and Ulrike Domahs. "Default stress assignment in Russian: evidence from acquired surface dyslexia." Phonology 36, no. 1 (2019): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675719000046.

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This paper re-examines theoretical constructs used in the analysis of Russian word stress, employing data from speakers with acquired surface dyslexia, a symptom which is characterised by impaired lexical access and preserved grapheme–phoneme correspondence rules. Russian stems have been traditionally analysed as lexically accented or unaccented, with a default rule deriving surface stress in the latter case. In the study reported here, we found no differences in the production of accented and unaccented stems. Instead, the analysis of errors revealed that the significant factors determining s

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Paredes, Omar, Jhonatan B. López, César Covantes-Osuna, Vladimir Ocegueda-Hernández, Rebeca Romo-Vázquez, and J. Alejandro Morales. "A Transcriptome Community-and-Module Approach of the Human Mesoconnectome." Entropy 23, no. 8 (2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081031.

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Graph analysis allows exploring transcriptome compartments such as communities and modules for brain mesostructures. In this work, we proposed a bottom-up model of a gene regulatory network to brain-wise connectome workflow. We estimated the gene communities across all brain regions from the Allen Brain Atlas transcriptome database. We selected the communities method to yield the highest number of functional mesostructures in the network hierarchy organization, which allowed us to identify specific brain cell functions (e.g., neuroplasticity, axonogenesis and dendritogenesis communities). With

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Camacho, José. "Paradigmatic Uniformity: Evidence from Heritage Speakers of Spanish." Languages 7, no. 1 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010014.

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Subject-verb agreement mismatches have been reported in the L2 and heritage literature, usually involving infinitives, analyzed as default morphological forms for fully specified T-heads. This article explores the mechanisms behind these mismatches, testing two hypotheses: the default form and the surface-similarity hypotheses. It compares non-finite and finite S-V mismatches with subjects with different persons, testing whether similarity with other paradigmatic forms makes them more acceptable, controlling for the role of verb frequency. Participants were asked to rate sentences on a Likert

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Ma, Zhiyuan, Haojing Yan, Bangzheng Sun, et al. "JWST’s PEARLS: Improved Flux Calibration for NIRCam." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 136, no. 2 (2024): 024501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ad1f3e.

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Abstract The Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science, a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) GTO program, obtained a set of unique NIRCam observations that have enabled us to significantly improve the default photometric calibration across both NIRCam modules. The observations consisted of three epochs of 4-band (F150W, F200W, F356W, and F444W) NIRCam imaging in the Spitzer IRAC Dark Field (IDF). The three epochs were six months apart and spanned the full duration of Cycle 1. As the IDF is in the JWST continuous viewing zone, we were able to design the observations such tha

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Simões, Pierangela Nota, Débora Lüders, Cristiano Miranda De Araújo, and Guilherme Ballande Romanelli. "VALIDATION OF THE SELF-ADMINISTERED VERSION OF THE BATUTA MUSIC PERCEPTION TEST." Revista InCantare 19, no. 2 (2024): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33871/2317417x.2023.19.2.9665.

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Purpose: To assess the reliability of the self-administered version of the BATUTA music perception test, designed to test musical perception in people with hearing impairment. Method: Participants with normal hearing who completed the BATUTA test in person, accompanied by a speech therapist, formed the in-person group (IPG). Participants who self-reported hearing and completed the online version of the test formed the self-administered group (SAG). The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test was applied, followed by the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) pairwise comparison, to analyze the results for bot

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Grønnum Thorsen, Nina. "Intonation on Bornholm - between Danish and Swedish." Annual Report of the Institute of Phonetics University of Copenhagen 22 (March 19, 1988): 25–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aripuc.v22i.131893.

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Acoustic investigations of seven speakers on the island of Bornholm and two speakers from Copenhagen, Malmö and Stockholm, respectively, have proved Bornholm to be an interesting compound, prosodically, between Standard Danish and Swedish. A prosodic continuum can be established from Standard Danish, via Skania, over Bornholm, to Standard Swedish. The parameters investigated are (1) manifestation of sentence accent, (2) manifestation of sentence intonation, (3) alignment of fundamental frequency with syllables and segments at the level of the prosodic stress group, and (4) final lengthening. O

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Prego, Beatriz López, and Alison Gabriele. "Examining the impact of task demands on morphological variability in native and non-native Spanish*." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, no. 2 (2014): 192–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.2.03lop.

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The study tests representational and computational accounts of morphological variability in English-speaking learners of Spanish by examining performance on gender and number agreement under different task demands. Second language (L2) learners took either a Speeded grammaticality judgment task (GJT) or an Untimed GJT. The tasks targeted agreement violations of two types: errors in the use of ‘default’ morphology and errors involving ‘feature clashes’ (McCarthy, 2008). In addition, three groups of native speakers took the Speeded GJT at three different presentation rates to examine whether nat

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Zhu, Miao, Ben-Chang Shia, Meng Su, and Jialin Liu. "Consumer Default Risk Portrait: An Intelligent Management Framework of Online Consumer Credit Default Risk." Mathematics 12, no. 10 (2024): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12101582.

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Online consumer credit services play a vital role in the contemporary consumer market. To foster their sustainable development, it is essential to establish and strengthen the relevant risk management mechanism. This study proposes an intelligent management framework called the consumer default risk portrait (CDRP) to mitigate the default risks associated with online consumer loans. The CDRP framework combines traditional credit information and Internet platform data to depict the portrait of consumer default risks. It consists of four modules: addressing data imbalances, establishing relation

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Schröter, Melani. "Addressee orientation in political speeches." Cognitive Perspectives on Political Discourse 13, no. 2 (2014): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.2.05sch.

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This article suggests that the addressees as the dialogical ‘other’ loom large in monological political speeches. However, political speeches are produced under conditions of addressee heterogeneity, i.e. the speakers do not actually know who they will be talking to. It will be argued that the addressees are nevertheless a crucial element in speakers’ context models, that speakers orientate towards imagined addressees and that certain aspects – what possible addressees may do, think or believe and that they are a part of an imagined community – are particularly relevant from the speakers’ poin

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Padilla Cruz, Manuel. "Epistemic Vigilance, Cautious Optimism and Sophisticated Understanding." Research in Language 10, no. 4 (2012): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-011-0040-y.

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Humans have developed a critical alertness to the believability and reliability of communication: epistemic vigilance (Sperber et al. 2010). It is responsible for trusting interlocutors and believing interpretations. But what is exactly its role in communication? This paper suggests that epistemic vigilance may trigger shifts from a default processing strategy driven by expectations of optimal relevance to more complex processing strategies. These would be enacted when hearers notice speakers’ linguistic mistakes, hearers realise that they have made interpretive mistakes or when hearers discov

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Royle, Phaedra. "Variable effects of morphology and frequency on inflection patterns in French preschoolers." Mental Lexicon 2, no. 1 (2007): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.2.1.07roy.

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We studied the emergence of productive verb inflection in pre-school native speakers of Quebec French using a verb elicitation task. We verified whether verb conjugation group (regular vs. irregular morphology) and frequency affect ability to produce correctly inflected passé composé forms. Special attention was paid to regularization into regular (default) and sub-regular conjugations, and on irregularization patterns. Results indicate that French-speaking children are able to productively use inflectional rules at very young ages and are sensitive to verb frequency and morphological patterns

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Mabayoje, Modinat Abolore, Abdullateef Olwagbemiga Balogun, Hajarah Afor Jibril, Jelili Olaniyi Atoyebi, Hammed Adeleye Mojeed, and Victor Elijah Adeyemo. "Parameter tuning in KNN for software defect prediction: an empirical analysis." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 7, no. 4 (2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.7.4.2019.121-126.

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Software Defect Prediction (SDP) provides insights that can help software teams to allocate their limited resources in developing software systems. It predicts likely defective modules and helps avoid pitfalls that are associated with such modules. However, these insights may be inaccurate and unreliable if parameters of SDP models are not taken into consideration. In this study, the effect of parameter tuning on the k nearest neighbor (k-NN) in SDP was investigated. More specifically, the impact of varying and selecting optimal k value, the influence of distance weighting and the impact of di

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Zonneveld, Wim. "Default, non-default, markedness and complexity in the L2 English word stress competence of L1 speakers of Setswana." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 28, no. 4 (2010): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2010.548019.

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Goodluck, Helen, Kofi K. Saah, and Danijela Stojanović. "On the Default Mechanism for Interrogative Binding." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 40, no. 4 (1995): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100016121.

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AbstractThe difference between the two mechanisms for wh-question binding (i.e., sucessive cyclic movement and pronominal binding) is characterized, inter alia, by the presence of island constraints (subjacency effects) in movement but not pronominal constructions. Using experimental data from child and adult speakers of Akan (pronominal binding) and Serbo-Croatian (movement and pronominal binding), it is argued that: 1) Previous experiments on English-speaking children’s knowledge of the block on extraction from within adjuncts do not positively support early use of a movement grammar in Engl

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Vassilev, Vassil, David Lange, Malik Shahzad Muzaffar, Mircho Rodozov, Oksana Shadura, and Alexander Penev. "C++ Modules in ROOT and Beyond." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024505011.

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C++ Modules, one of the new features of C++20, aim to fix the long-standing build scalability problems in the language. They provide an IOefficient, on-disk representation capable to reduce build times and peak memory usage. ROOT already employs the C++ modules technology in its dictionary system to improve performance and reduce the memory footprint. ROOT with C++ Modules was released as a technology preview in fall 2018, after intensive development during the previous few years. The current state is ready for production, however, there is still room for performance optimizations. In this tal

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Mashaqba, Bassil, Nisreen Al-Khawaldeh, Hussein AlGweirien, and Yasir Al-Edwan. "Acquisition of broken plural patterns by Jordanian children." Linguistics 58, no. 4 (2020): 1009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0024.

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AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of broken plural (BP) patterns generated by child speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA). Data were collected from 20 Jordanian children via an experimental production test. Children were given pictures of a set of singular entities depicting nouns and pictures containing their plural counterparts, and they were asked to say the names of the items in the pictures in an attempt to provide their corresponding plural forms. The results reveal that the acquisition of correct BP patterns appears critical for children. The feminine sound plural (FSP) was employ

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Bongiovanni, Silvina. "A case for velarization of Spanish word-internal coda stops as hypercorrection." Spanish in Context 19, no. 1 (2022): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.19030.bon.

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Abstract In many dialects of Spanish, a word such as aceptar /aseptáɾ/ ‘to accept’ may be variably produced as [asektáɾ]. Previous research has shown that velarization patterns are the result of speakers’ sensitivity to phonotactic distributions (Brown 2006; Bongiovanni 2022). This study examines a different result of pattern generalization: hypercorrection. The production of bilabial word-internal coda stops was analyzed in a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews from Mérida, Venezuela. Variation between retained, deleted and velarized variants ([aseptáɾ], [asetáɾ] and [asektáɾ]) is constraine

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Reifegerste, Jana. "Morphological processing across the adult lifespan: a tale of gains and losses." Journal of Language and Aging Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 85–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jlar.2024.2.1.1053.

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Despite increasing research on language in aging, age effects on morphological processing have received comparatively little attention. Some previous evidence suggests that while regular morphology (e.g., walk-walked) may remain relatively stable in older age, irregular morphology (e.g., bring-brought) shows signs of age-related decreases in processing efficiency. However, the underlying reasons for these declines are unclear. The current study sought to investigate the cognitive underpinnings of age-related effects on German noun plurals: default plurals (posited to follow a default rule [e.g

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Drews, Etta. "Pitfalls in tracking the psychological reality of lexically based and rule-based inflection." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 6 (1999): 1022–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x9931222x.

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Clahsen reports the results from two sets of word-recognition experiments with adult native speakers of German supporting the notion that the processing of regular (or default) inflection differs from the processing of irregular inflection. My commentary points to shortcomings in stimulus selection and inconsistencies in the pattern of results, revealing that the empirical support for the proposed dual mechanism is much weaker than Clahsen suggests.

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Moro, Francesca R. "Loss of Morphology in Alorese (Austronesian): Simplification in Adult Language Contact." Journal of Language Contact 12, no. 2 (2019): 378–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01202005.

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This paper discusses historical and ongoing morphological simplification in Alorese, an Austronesian language spoken in eastern Indonesia. From comparative evidence, it is clear that Alorese lost almost all of its morphology over several hundred years as a consequence of language contact (Klamer, 2012, to appear). By providing both linguistic and cultural-historical evidence, this paper shows that Alorese has historically undergone morphological simplification as a result of second language (L2) learning. The first part of the paper presents a case study comparing the use of subject agreement

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Denbaum-Restrepo, Nofiya, and Falcon Restrepo-Ramos. "A Sociolinguistic Examination of the Dual Usted in Medellín, Colombia: Evidence from Semi-spontaneous Speech and Implicit Language Attitudes." Hispania 107, no. 1 (2024): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2024.a921463.

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Abstract: The system of second person singular forms of address (2PS) in Medellín, Colombia is tripartite consisting of tú, vos , and usted , while also including the existence of a dual usted . The current study compares usage of the intimate usted versus the distant usted with data from an oral discourse completion task (DCT) while also investigating listeners' implicit language attitudes toward the usage of usted utilizing the matched guise technique. A sample of speakers from Medellín (N=72) stratified by age, sex, and education level completed an oral DCT, and a subset (N=38) also complet

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Zsiga, Elizabeth C. "ARTICULATORY TIMING IN A SECOND LANGUAGE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, no. 3 (2003): 399–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263103000160.

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This study compares patterns of consonant-to-consonant timing at word boundaries in English and Russian and investigates the roles of transfer and the emergence of linguistic universals in second language (L2) articulation. Native Russian speakers learning English and native English speakers learning Russian produced phrases in English and Russian contrasting VC#CV, VC#V, and V#CV sequences. The duration of all stop closures was measured as well as the percentage of consonant sequences in which the first consonant was audibly released. In their native language (L1), Russian speakers had a high

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Ewing, Michael C. "The predicate as a locus of grammar and interaction in colloquial Indonesian." Usage-based and Typological Approaches to Linguistic Units 43, no. 2 (2019): 402–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17062.ewi.

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Abstract Descriptions of Indonesian usually take the clause as the starting point for analysing grammatical structure and rely on the notion of ellipsis to account for the way speakers actually use language in everyday conversational interaction. This study challenges the status of “clause” by investigating the structures actually used by Indonesian speakers in informal conversation and it demonstrates that the predicate, rather than the clause, plays a central role in the grammar of Indonesian conversation. The preponderance of predicates in the data that do not have explicit arguments sugges

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Fadillah, Etty Nurmala, Susi Dewiyeti, Dwi Yuliani, and Achmad Ali Fikri. "Development of Biology Module Based on Critical Thinking Skills on Even Semester Class X Plante Materials." Journal Of Biology Education 5, no. 2 (2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v5i2.17132.

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<p>The purpose of this study is: to see the characteristics, feasibility, and practicality of the development of biology modules based on critical thinking skills grade x Plantae material. Modules developed based on the 4-D development model proposed by Thiagarajan are define, design, develop, and disseminate. The product validation was carried out by four validation professors and three biology teachers at SMA Negeri 4 Palembang as practitioners. Limited trials conducted by 15 students in grade x. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis using formulas from Aiken’

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Boers, Ivo, Bo Sterken, Brechje van Osch, M. Carmen Parafita Couto, Janet Grijzenhout, and Deniz Tat. "Gender in Unilingual and Mixed Speech of Spanish Heritage Speakers in The Netherlands." Languages 5, no. 4 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040068.

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This study examines heritage speakers of Spanish in The Netherlands regarding their production of gender in both their languages (Spanish and Dutch) as well as their gender assignment strategies in code-switched constructions. A director-matcher task was used to elicit unilingual and mixed speech from 21 participants (aged 8 to 52, mean = 17). The nominal domain consisting of a determiner, noun, and adjective was targeted in three modes: (i) Unilingual Spanish mode, (ii) unilingual Dutch mode, and (iii) code-switched mode in both directions (Dutch to Spanish and Spanish to Dutch). The producti

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Lowry, Cass, and LeeAnn Stover. "Morphosyntactic Restructuring in Child Heritage Georgian." Heritage Language Journal 17, no. 2 (2020): 234–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.17.2.6.

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This study investigates morphosyntactic restructuring in Heritage Georgian, a highly agglutinative language with polypersonal agreement. Child heritage speakers of Georgian (n = 26, age 3-16) completed a Frog Story narrative task and a lexical proficiency task in Georgian. Heritage speaker narratives were compared to narratives produced by age-matched peers living in Georgia (n = 30, age 5-14) and Georgian children and young adults who moved to the United States during childhood (n = 7, age 9–24). Heritage Georgian speakers produced more instances of non-standard nominal case marking and non-s

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Khorsheed, Ahmed, Sabariah Md. Rashid, Vahid Nimehchisalem, Lee Geok Imm, Jessica Price, and Camilo R. Ronderos. "What second-language speakers can tell us about pragmatic processing." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263724.

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Upon hearing the phrase Some cats meow, a listener might pragmatically infer that ‘Some but not all cats meow’. This is known as a scalar implicature and it often arises when a speaker produces a weak linguistic expression instead of a stronger one. Several L2 studies claim that pragmatic inferences are generated by default and their comprehension presents no challenges to L2 learners. However, the evidence obtained from these studies largely stems from offline-based tasks that provide limited information about how scalar implicatures are processed. This study investigated scalar implicature p

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Habib, Muhammad Asad, and Arshad Ali Khan. "Vowel Epenthesis in Loanword Integration: A Study of English Consonant Cluster at Onset." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2019): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p332.

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This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews

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McCarthy, Corrine. "Modeling morphological variation and development." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 2, no. 1 (2012): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.2.1.02mcc.

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This paper proposes a model of morphological variation and development grounded in feature-geometric theory. It tests two hypotheses that follow from this model on a corpus of data from speakers of Spanish as a second language (L2). First, variation is systematic; default, underspecified feature values are adopted when errors occur. This hypothesis is supported for person, number, and finiteness, as 3rd, singular, and nonfinite defaults surface in place of 1st, plural, and finite verbs. Second, developmental trends are observed as nodes are added to the geometry; the unmarked/less specified fe

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Simpson, Lauren, and Jean-Marc Dewaele. "Self-misgendering among multilingual transgender speakers." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 256 (2019): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-2014.

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Abstract “Misgendering” is a term used broadly to mean referring to someone using the wrong gender. In the transgender context, it usually refers to cases where a transgender person is referred to using the gender assigned at birth, rather than according to gender presentation. Misgendering is sometimes a form of anti-trans aggression, but can also be accidental or otherwise unintended. “Self-misgendering”, where transgender speakers unintentionally misgender themselves, is apparently previously unstudied, seems mainly to occur in a foreign-language context, and may bear some similarity to lan

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GIEGERICH, HEINZ J. "Associative adjectives in English and the lexicon–syntax interface." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 3 (2005): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003440.

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This article argues that of English adjective–noun constructions involving associative adjectives (‘associative AdjNs’), some originate in the lexicon and others in the syntax. While in many cases such constructions are unambiguously and for identifiable reasons located on one side or the other of the lexicon–syntax ‘divide’, variation being possible only across speakers, a range of associative AdjNs is identified which must be simultaneously, and for the same speakers, of both lexical and syntactic provenance. There is therefore no lexicon–syntax ‘divide’: the two modules overlap.

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Song, Jae Jung. "A rose by any other name? Learner English and variety–status labelling: the case of English in South Korea." English Today 32, no. 4 (2016): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000122.

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One of the major achievements of Braj Kachru's (1991) ‘liberation linguistics’ is that it has squarely placed Outer Circle varieties such as Indian English, Nigerian English and Singaporean English on a par with Inner Circle varieties such as American English and British English – in the face of negative attitudes, ranging ‘from amused condescension to racist stereotyping’ (Bruthiaux, 2003: 160). Following in Kachru's footsteps, many scholars have demonstrated that these Outer Circle Englishes are legitimate varieties of English, with distinct characteristics and with growing numbers of native

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Laleko, Oksana, and Maria Polinsky. "Marking Topic or Marking Case: A Comparative Investigation of Heritage Japanese and Heritage Korean." Heritage Language Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 178–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.10.2.3.

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In this paper, we examine the relationship between grammatical and discourse-related domains of linguistic organization in heritage speakers by comparing their knowledge of categories mediated at different structural levels: grammatical case marking, which is mediated within the structure of the clause, and the marking of information structure, grammatically mediated at the syntax-discourse interface. To this end, we examine the knowledge of case and topic particles in heritage speakers and L2 learners of Japanese and Korean as assessed through a series of rating tasks. We find that heritage s

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Lowry, Emily Elizabeth, Susan Toth-Cohen, and Roseann C. Schaaf. "Parent-Perceived Facilitators of & Barriers to Implementation of the Ayres Sensory Integration® Parent Education Modules for Autistic Children." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 79, Supplement_2 (2025): 7911500190p1. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2025.79s2-po184.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/04/2025 This session details parents’ experiences of implementing Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) at home using the ASI Parent Education Modules under the guidance of their OTs. Primary Author and Speaker: Emily Elizabeth Lowry Additional Authors and Speakers: Roseann C. Schaaf Contributing Authors: Susan Toth-Cohen

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Bentler, Ruth A., Jill L. Tubbs, Jessica L. M. Egge, Gregory A. Flamme, and Andrew B. Dittberner. "Evaluation of an Adaptive Directional System in a DSP Hearing Aid." American Journal of Audiology 13, no. 1 (2004): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2004/010).

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The effectiveness of an adaptive directional microphone design, as implemented in the Phonak Claro behind-the-ear hearing aid, is evaluated. Participants were fit bilaterally and tested in 2 environments, an anechoic chamber and a moderately reverberant classroom, with the microphones in the fixed (cardioid) setting and the adaptive setting. Five speakers were placed between 110° and 250° azimuth around the listener. Speech-weighted noise was presented from those speakers at an overall level (OAL) of 65 dB (A). Noise was increased by 8 dB from 1 speaker at a time, using 2-s modulation and rand

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Kokkola, H., R. Hommel, J. Kazil, et al. "Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions." Geoscientific Model Development 2, no. 2 (2009): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-97-2009.

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Abstract. In this manuscript, we present an intercomparison of three different aerosol microphysics modules that are implemented in the climate model ECHAM5. The comparison was done between the modal aerosol microphysics module M7, which is currently the default aerosol microphysical core in ECHAM5, and two sectional aerosol microphysics modules SALSA, and SAM2. The detailed aerosol microphysical model MAIA was used as a reference to evaluate the results of the aerosol microphysics modules with respect to sulphate aerosol. The ability of the modules to describe the development of the aerosol s

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Jesús-Ortiz, Esther, and José Ramón Calvo-Ferrer. "His or Her? Errors in Possessive Determiners Made by L2-English Native Spanish Speakers." Languages 8, no. 4 (2023): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8040278.

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Native Spanish speakers commonly confuse third person singular possessive determiners when making gender agreements, which is considered an error-prone grammatical feature because there are syntactic differences in their use between English and Spanish. This study conducted an elicited production task to explore whether proficiency in English affects the correct use of his/her by Spanish speakers in speech production, whether participants make more errors depending on the gender match or mismatch between the possessor and the possessum in the noun phrase, and whether there are differences in t

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Gilles, Jean-François, and Thomas Boudier. "TAPAS: Towards Automated Processing and Analysis of multi-dimensional bioimage data." F1000Research 9 (July 2, 2021): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26977.2.

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Modern microscopy is based on reproducible quantitative analysis, image data should be batch-processed by a standardized system that can be shared and easily reused by others. Furthermore, such system should require none or minimal programming from the users. We developed TAPAS (Towards an Automated Processing and Analysis System). The goal is to design an easy system for describing and exchanging processing workflows. The protocols are simple text files comprising a linear list of commands used to process and analyse the images. An extensive set of 60 modules is already available, mostly base

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Gilles, Jean-François, and Thomas Boudier. "TAPAS: Towards Automated Processing and Analysis of multi-dimensional bioimage data." F1000Research 9 (October 28, 2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26977.1.

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Modern microscopy is based on reproducible quantitative analysis, image data should be batch-processed by a standardized system that can be shared and easily reused by others. Furthermore such system should require none or minimal programming from the users. We developed TAPAS (Towards an Automated Processing and Analysis System). The goal is to design an easy system for describing and exchanging processing workflows. The protocols are simple text files comprising a linear list of commands used to process and analyse the images. An extensive set of 60 modules is already available, mostly based

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Peterson, Elizabeth. "Perspective and politeness in Finnish Requests." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 20, no. 3 (2010): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.20.3.05pet.

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This study makes use of elicited request speech act data in Finnish to view variability of personal perspective and T/V forms across a variety of situations. The speakers exhibited a great deal of congruency when they were scripted as addressing someone familiar, being in a position of equal or higher status than the interlocutor, and when the request was considered a low imposition. In such situations, speakers tended to use a second person perspective, with informal T/V forms. The Finnish T-forms were found to be the default form, showing up in half of the request utterances. The Finnish V-f

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