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Journal articles on the topic 'Spearman's correlation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Chambers, Ll G. "73.52 Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Mathematical Gazette 73, no. 466 (December 1989): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3619313.

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2

Carroll, John B. "On Spearman's “problem of correlation”." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 1985): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00019233.

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3

Burghes, David N. "Teaching Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Teaching Statistics 15, no. 3 (September 1993): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.1993.tb00658.x.

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4

Lovie, A. D. "Who discovered Spearman's rank correlation?" British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 48, no. 2 (November 1995): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1995.tb01063.x.

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5

FUEDA, Kaoru. "SPEARMAN'S RANK CORRELATION TYPE TWO-SAMPLE TEST." Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyusyu University. Series A, Mathematics 47, no. 1 (1993): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2206/kyushumfs.47.27.

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6

Ramsey, Philip H. "Critical Values for Spearman's Rank Order Correlation." Journal of Educational Statistics 14, no. 3 (1989): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1165017.

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7

Gauthier, T. "Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Environmental Forensics 2, no. 4 (December 2001): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2001.0061.

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8

Gautheir, Thomas D. "Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Environmental Forensics 2, no. 4 (January 2001): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713848278.

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9

Hauke, Jan, and Tomasz Kossowski. "Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data." Quaestiones Geographicae 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1.

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Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of an association between two variables. It is a measure of a monotone association that is used when the distribution of data makes Pearson's correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. Spearman's coefficient is not a measure of the linear relationship between two variables, as some "statisticians" declare. It assesses how well an arbitrary monotonic function can describe a relationship between two variables, without making any assumptions about the frequency distribution of the variables. Unlike Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, it does not require the assumption that the relationship between the variables is linear, nor does it require the variables to be measured on interval scales; it can be used for variables measured at the ordinal level. The idea of the paper is to compare the values of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as their statistical significance for different sets of data (original - for Pearson's coefficient, and ranked data for Spearman's coefficient) describing regional indices of socio-economic development.
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Rebekić, Andrijana, Zdenko Lončarić, Sonja Petrović, and Sonja Marić. "PEARSON'S OR SPEARMAN'S CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - WHICH ONE TO USE?" Poljoprivreda 21, no. 2 (December 20, 2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.21.2.8.

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11

Henery, R. J. "Asymptotic convergence in distribution for spearman's rank correlation coefficient." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 17, no. 4 (January 1988): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918808812734.

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12

Liu, Qi, Chun Li, Valentine Wanga, and Bryan E. Shepherd. "Covariate-adjusted Spearman's rank correlation with probability-scale residuals." Biometrics 74, no. 2 (November 13, 2017): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12812.

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13

Conley, Laura C., and Richard H. McCuen. "Modified Critical Values for Spearman's Test of Serial Correlation." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2, no. 3 (July 1997): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(1997)2:3(133).

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14

Berry, Kenneth J., and Paul W. Mielke. "Spearman's Footrule as a Measure of Agreement." Psychological Reports 80, no. 3 (June 1997): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.839.

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Spearman's footrule measure of the relationship between two sets of ranks is shown to be a chance-corrected measure of agreement. The footrule is generalized to include tied ranks and a comparison with Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient is provided. Procedures to determine the nonasymptotic probability of the footrule with tied ranks are presented.
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15

Bradley, Christopher, and Nick Lord. "77.4 Comparing Spearman's Rank and the Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients." Mathematical Gazette 77, no. 478 (March 1993): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3619265.

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16

Rayner, J. C. W., and D. J. Best. "Smooth extensions of Pearsons's product moment correlation and Spearman's rho." Statistics & Probability Letters 30, no. 2 (October 1996): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(95)00216-2.

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17

Xiao, Chengwei, Jiaqi Ye, Rui Máximo Esteves, and Chunming Rong. "Using Spearman's correlation coefficients for exploratory data analysis on big dataset." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 28, no. 14 (December 18, 2015): 3866–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3745.

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18

Spicer, R. Christopher, and Harry J. Gangloff. "Limitations in Application of Spearman's Rank Correlation to Bioaerosol Sampling Data." AIHAJ - American Industrial Hygiene Association 61, no. 3 (May 2000): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298660008984544.

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19

Terpstra, Jeff T., Chia-Hao Chang, and Rhonda C. Magel. "On the use of Spearman's correlation coefficient for testing ordered alternatives." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 81, no. 11 (November 2011): 1381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2010.485316.

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20

Rosyana, Kinanthi, Kusnanto Kusnanto, and Erna Dwi Wahyuni. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU SEKS BEBAS PADA REMAJA DI SMK DR SOETOMO SURABAYA BERDASARKAN TEORI PERILAKU WHO." Fundamental and Management Nursing Journal 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmnj.v1i1.12127.

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Free sex was sexual activity without a bond based on a marriage. These behaviors tend to be favored by young people, especially among teenagers who were growing bio-psychological toward process of maturation. This study aimed to analyze factors that influenced adolescents free sex behavior in SMK Dr. Soetomo Surabaya based on WHO theory of behavior. This research used 53 students in SMK Dr. Soetomo Surabaya as sample.This study used cross sectional research. The variables of this research were thought and feeling factor, personal references factor, resources factor, culture factor and free sex behaviour. Datas were collected by questionnaire to assessed demographic data of respondents, thought and feeling factor, personal references factor, resources factor, culture factor and free sex behaviour. Datas were analyzed by statistical tests using Spearman correlation. The result showed the relationship between thought and feeling factor with free sex behaviour earned Spearman's rho value (p) 0.018 with degree of correlation r = -0.325, the results of personal references factor with free sex behaviour earned Spearman's rho value (p) 0.004 with degree of correlation r = -0.388, the results of resources factor with free sex behaviour earned Spearman's rho value (p) 0.042 with degree of correlation r = 0.280, results of culture factor with free sex earned Spearman's rho value (p) 0.004 with degree of correlation r = -0392.Based on the result above, the researcher concluded that there was a relationship between thought and feeling factor, personal references, resources and culture with adolescents free sex behavior in SMK Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. For further research were expected to do more research on the factors that influenced adolescents sexual behavior.ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGANPERILAKU SEKS BEBAS PADA REMAJA DI SMK DR SOETOMO SURABAYA BERDASARKAN TEORI PERILAKU WHO
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21

Suharto, Idola Perdana Sulistyoning, and Satria Eureka Nurseskasatmata. "Blood Glucose Influence on Cholesterol and Blood Pressure of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.255.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the blood glucose influence on cholesterol and blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research was correlative analytic study. The sample consisted of 24 respondents. Data analyzed using Spearman’s rho. Spearman's rho test results on blood glucose and cholesterol are a significance value of 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of 0.619. This can be interpreted that there is an influence between blood glucose and cholesterol with a strong relationship. Spearman's rho test results on blood glucose and blood pressure are a significance value of 0.000 and a correlation coefficient of 0.798. This can be interpreted that there is an influence between blood glucose and blood pressure with a strong relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence between blood glucose with cholesterol and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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22

Taylor, Jeremy M. G. "Kendall's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients in the Presence of a Blocking Variable." Biometrics 43, no. 2 (June 1987): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2531822.

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23

Park, Eunsik, and Young Jack Lee. "ESTIMATES OF STANDARD DEVIATION OF SPEARMAN'S RANK CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS WITH DEPENDENT OBSERVATIONS." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 30, no. 1 (March 28, 2001): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sac-100001863.

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24

Kempi, Viktor. "A FORTRAN program for ranking and for calculation of Spearman's correlation coefficient." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 21, no. 2 (November 1985): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(85)90072-0.

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25

Gómez, Juan Fernando, Claudio Díaz Larenas, and Walter Darién Gómez Torres. "Estrategias de aprendizaje y creencias sobre el idioma inglés: una aproximación correlacional en estudiantes universitarios." Praxis Educativa 16 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/praxeduc.v.16.16572.024.

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This research intends to analyze the strategies and beliefs through the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), respectively, and examine the correlations between both instruments with a sample of 303 university students. This corresponds to a descriptive correlational study carried out under a transactional design. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to find gender-related differences and the Spearman's Correlation Test to find correlation between both SILL and BALLI. Results indicated that the category of ‘social strategies’ is used more often and gender differences in ‘memory strategies’ were also identified.
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26

Christakou, Anna, and Vasiliki Sakellari. "Validity and reliability of the Greek version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory for patients with chronic pain." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2020.0053.

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Background/aims The Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory has been used widely to evaluate pain perceptions and beliefs of patients with chronic pain. This is a cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument into Greek. The purpose of the study was to investigate: the face and content validity; the factor structure; the concurrent validity; the discriminant validity; and the internal consistency and the test–retest reliability of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory for people with chronic pain. Methods A total of 174 patients with chronic low back pain, neck pain and/or pain of limbs lasting for at least 6 months and with a physiotherapy referral participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis by a principal axis factoring with direct oblimin rotation was chosen to examine the factor structure of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory. The concurrent validity was assessed using correlations by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient among the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory and the Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Present Pain Index, the visual analogue scale and the Brief Pain Inventory. The discriminant validity was examined by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient among the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory and Social Desirability Scale. The reliability of the instrument was examined using Cronbach's α internal consistency coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the four factor structure of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory that explained 66.353% of the total variance. Concurrent validity was determined through examination of correlations between the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory and other validated constructs (eg Short Form-McGill Pain Questionnaire Affective factor with Total Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory Spearman's rho=0.257, P<0.001, Brief Pain Inventory General Activity and Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory Constancy factor Spearman's rho=0.522, P<0.05, Brief Pain Inventory relations with other people and Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory Constancy factor Spearman's rho=0.512, P<0.05). The discriminant validity of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory was confirmed by examining correlations between the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory with the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale. The questionnaire was internally consistent (α=0.89–0.96) and its stability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.73–0.82). Conclusions The Greek translation of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate Greek patients with chronic pain.
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Masahuddin, La, Rini Rachmawaty, and Burhanuddin Bahar. "HUBUNGAN PELAKSANAAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN KEPALA RUANGAN DENGAN PENERAPAN PATIENT SAFETY DI RUANG PERAWATAN RSUD KOTA MAKASSAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing) 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v6i1.442.

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Introduction: The "Patient safety" movement has become a spirit in hospital nursing services throughout the world, not only hospitals in developed countries that implement patient safety to ensure the quality of health and nursing services, but also hospitals in developing countries, such as Indonesia.Objective: The relationship between the implementation of the functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the head of the room with the application of patient safety by nurses in Makassar City Hospital.Method: this research is a quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in the inpatient room of the Makassar City General Hospital of 63 nurses implementing it (simple random sampling). The method of collecting data using a checklist questionnaire by distributing questionnaires, the implementation of head room management functions with the application of patient safety using the Spearman 's rho correlation test.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the function of head room management with the application of patient safety by nurses in Makassar City Hospital with a value of p = 0.009 and a Spearman's rho correlation value of 0.327, in organizing a value of p = 0.042 and a spearman correlation value of 0.257, at controlling for p value = 0,023 and spearman correlation value 0,285. There is no significant relationship between the implementation of the head room planning management function obtained p value = 0.095 and Spearman's correlation value rho 0.212, the head room directional function with the application of patient safety with a value of p = 0.530 and the spearman correlation value of 0.081. Discussion : of the results showed that the more the better the implementation of the head room management function, the better the implementation of patient safety by nurses in Makassar City HospitalConclusion: The head of the room needs to always improve the planning and direction function in an effort to civilize the application of patient safety so that there will be a good quality of patient safety in the Makassar City Hospital service environment.Keywords: Head of Management Function room, patient safety, nurses
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Franklin, L. A. "A note on approximations and convergence in distribution for spearman's rank correlation coefficient." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928808829609.

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29

Nelson, Lloyd S. "Critical Values for Sums of Squared Rank Differences in Spearman's Rank Correlation Test." Journal of Quality Technology 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1986.11979009.

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30

Oda, Takashi, Yukio Abe, Yasukazu Katsumi, Hiroyuki Ohi, Toshiyasu Nakamura, and Katsunori Inagaki. "Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire: A Comparison with the DASH and SF-36 Questionnaires." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 21, no. 01 (February 2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516500119.

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Background: The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) has shown reliability, validity and responsiveness and has been used to assess surgical outcomes mainly in North America. We established a Japanese version of the MHQ and evaluated its reliability and validity compared with both the short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire in a Japanese-speaking population. Methods: The MHQ was cross-culturally adapted to a Japanese version according to guidelines. Sixty-eight patients with hand conditions were enrolled in this study and answered the MHQ, DASH questionnaire and SF-36 questionnaire. The MHQ was completed again with an interval of one or two weeks. Reproducibility and internal consistency were statistically assessed by the test-retest method and calculating Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess associations between the MHQ and the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients of MHQ subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.93. Aesthetics subscale of the left hand showed the lowest intraclass correlation but still a good correlation. Cronbach's alpha values of the MHQ ranged from 0.81 to 0.96 for all subscales. The absolute values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between MHQ subscales and DASH function/symptoms scores ranged from 0.49 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients of the MHQ total score to subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire ranged from 0.42 to 0.68. The strongest correlations were found between work performance of the MHQ and rolephysical of the SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: The Japanese version of the MHQ has adequate instrument properties for assessing hand outcomes compared with the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire.
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FUJITA, ANDRÉ, JOÃO RICARDO SATO, MARCOS ANGELO ALMEIDA DEMASI, MARI CLEIDE SOGAYAR, CARLOS EDUARDO FERREIRA, and SATORU MIYANO. "COMPARING PEARSON, SPEARMAN AND HOEFFDING'S D MEASURE FOR GENE EXPRESSION ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 07, no. 04 (August 2009): 663–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720009004230.

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DNA microarrays have become a powerful tool to describe gene expression profiles associated with different cellular states, various phenotypes and responses to drugs and other extra- or intra-cellular perturbations. In order to cluster co-expressed genes and/or to construct regulatory networks, definition of distance or similarity between measured gene expression data is usually required, the most common choices being Pearson's and Spearman's correlations. Here, we evaluate these two methods and also compare them with a third one, namely Hoeffding's D measure, which is used to infer nonlinear and non-monotonic associations, i.e. independence in a general sense. By comparing three different variable association approaches, namely Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation and Hoeffding's D measure, we aimed at assessing the most approppriate one for each purpose. Using simulations, we demonstrate that the Hoeffding's D measure outperforms Pearson's and Spearman's approaches in identifying nonlinear associations. Our results demonstrate that Hoeffding's D measure is less sensitive to outliers and is a more powerful tool to identify nonlinear and non-monotonic associations. We have also applied Hoeffding's D measure in order to identify new putative genes associated with tp53. Therefore, we propose the Hoeffding's D measure to identify nonlinear associations between gene expression profiles.
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Borkowf, Craig B. "Computing the nonnull asymptotic variance and the asymptotic relative efficiency of Spearman's rank correlation." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 39, no. 3 (May 2002): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9473(01)00081-0.

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33

Puth, Marie-Therese, Markus Neuhäuser, and Graeme D. Ruxton. "Effective use of Spearman's and Kendall's correlation coefficients for association between two measured traits." Animal Behaviour 102 (April 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.010.

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34

Setiawan, Arlette Suzy, Hendriati Agustiani, and Lenny Kendhawati. "Qualitative study on parental behavior as the source of dental fear development as reported by preschool students in Bandung." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 04 (October 2018): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_258_18.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze the contribution of parental behavior in DF development in preschoolchildren and seek its correlation with the level of DF. Materials and Methods: This study was addressed to preschoolchildren (3–6 years) in Bandung area using qualitative method through interviews with children. Data analysis was done using Spearman's rank correlation to find the correlation of parental behavior and level of DF. Results: Results revealed eight acquisition themes based on the parental behavior; two themes related to negative information, three themes related to direct conditioning, and three themes related to vicarious learning. Statistical analysis showed a significant Spearman rank correlation rs0.42% or 17.38% (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Parental behavior contributes to the development of DF in children at preschool ages through negative information, direct conditioning, and vicarious learning, as evidenced by the correlation of these parental behaviors with the level of DF in children.
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Chew, Ka Lip, My-Van La, Raymond T. P. Lin, and Jeanette W. P. Teo. "Colistin and Polymyxin B Susceptibility Testing for Carbapenem-Resistant and mcr -Positive Enterobacteriaceae: Comparison of Sensititre, MicroScan, Vitek 2, and Etest with Broth Microdilution." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 9 (June 7, 2017): 2609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00268-17.

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ABSTRACT Colistin and polymyxin B remain part of the last line of antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . Current joint EUCAST-CLSI recommendations are for broth microdilution (BMD) to be performed for MIC testing of colistin. Commercial susceptibility testing methods were evaluated and compared against the reference BMD, using a susceptibility breakpoint of ≤2 mg/liter for both colistin and polymyxin B. Seventy-six Enterobacteriaceae were included, of which 21 were mcr-1 positive (18 Escherichia coli isolates, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and 1 Enterobacter aerogenes isolate). Rates of essential agreement (EA) of colistin test results between BMD and Vitek 2, Sensititre, and Etest were 93.4%, 89.5%, and 75.0%, respectively. Rates of EA of polymyxin B test results between BMD and Vitek 2, Sensititre, and Etest were 96.1%, 96.1%, and 48.7%, respectively. A positive MIC correlation with a categorical agreement of >90% was achieved for Sensititre (colistin Spearman's ρ = 0.863, and polymyxin B Spearman's ρ = 0.877) and Vitek 2 (polymyxin B [only] Spearman's ρ = 0.8917). Although a positive MIC correlation (Spearman's ρ = 0.873) with the reference method was achieved for colistin testing with Vitek 2, categorical agreement was <90%, with very major error rates of 36%. Correlation with the Etest MIC was lower, with very major error rates of 12% (colistin) and 26.1% (polymyxin B). MicroScan (colistin) categorical agreement was 88.2%, with a very major error rate of 4%. Colistin MICs for 15 of the 21 mcr-1 -positive isolates were >2 mg/liter, and polymyxin MICs for 17 of them were >2 mg/liter by broth microdilution. The use of a lower breakpoint of ≤1 mg/liter further improves detection of mcr-1 for all testing methods. However, further data on the correlation between MICs and clinical outcome are required to determine the most suitable breakpoint to guide clinical management.
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Borkowf, Craig B. "A new nonparametric method for variance estimation and confidence interval construction for Spearman's rank correlation." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 34, no. 2 (August 2000): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9473(99)00077-8.

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J, Ashok Kumar, and Abirami S. "Aspect-based opinion ranking framework for product reviews using a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method." Information Sciences 460-461 (September 2018): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.05.003.

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38

Adil Ibrahim, Kameran. "Software Simulation for Optimization k-NN Based Indoor Localisation Technique Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2018.142400.

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39

Dalpai, Débora, Ramon Castro Reis, and Analuiza Camozzato de Pádua. "Effect of caregiver characteristics on dementia management strategies." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 10, no. 2 (June 2016): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1002010.

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ABSTRACT Caregiving has an important influence on the prognosis of dementia, particularly regarding the management strategy implemented. Therefore, evaluating which characteristics of caregivers can influence the choice of a particular strategy for managing dementia is needed. Objective: To evaluate the association between characteristics of caregivers and their management strategies as applied to patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 45 professional caregivers from two nursing homes in Porto Alegre, Brazil, was conducted. Age, gender, education, years as a caregiver, income, burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms and dementia management strategies were evaluated for all participants. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation tests were applied according to the variable distribution (parametric or non-parametric). Bivariate correlation analysis was applied. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant and moderate positive correlation between burden measured by the Zarit Burden Interview and criticism measured by the Dementia Management Strategies Scale (Spearman's rho = 0.555, p < 0.001). No other correlations were observed. Conclusion: Among the caregiver characteristics that directly affect the approach to managing dementia, high caregiver burden was found to be associated with high criticism, an authoritative way of managing dementia. This exploratory study indicated that a possible way of decreasing negative dementia management is to reduce caregiver burden.
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Ruwandasari, Nurvita. "CORRELATION BETWEEN SEVERE MALNUTRITION AND PNEUMONIA AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN EAST JAVA." Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 7, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v7i22019.120-128.

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Background: East Java Province is the second highest province with pneumonia cases among under-five children totalling 69.17% of all the discovery target of pneumonia cases in 2016. One factor causing pneumonia is severe malnutrition (nutritional status with body weight index according to age which is equal to Zscore < -3 SD). Purpose: This study is aimed at analyzing the correlation between severe malnutrition number and pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java. Methods: This type of research was an analytical observational study using a population correlational design. This study used the total population of the number of pneumonia cases and severe malnutrition cases among under five-year old children from all regencies/cities in East Java in 2015-2017. The test used was the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as a data normality test and Spearman's correlation test to determine whether there was a correlation. Results: This study showed a positive correlation between the number of severe malnutrition and the number of pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java (p = < 0.01, p < 0.05) with a moderate correlation (Spearman’s correlation = 0.41). Conclusion: The number of severe malnutrition cases has a positive correlation with the number of pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java in 2015-2017. Effective countermeasures of severe malnutrition are likely to help reduce the number of pneumonia cases among children under five years of age per regency/city in East Java.
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41

Topp, B. L., W. B. Sherman, R. E. Stall, G. V. Minsavage, and C. J. Wilcox. "Comparison of Greenhouse Methods for Assessing Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Spot in Plum." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 5 (September 1993): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.5.667.

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Four greenhouse leaf inoculation methods for screening Japanese plum (Prunus salicina L. and hybrids) for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Smith) Dye were compared for repeatability, ability to differentiate among plant genotype responses, and correlations with field ratings. Clonally propagated trees were inoculated artificially in a greenhouse by immersing leaves in 2.5 × 108 cfu/ml inoculum (DIP), rubbing the adaxial side of leaves with a slurry of 2.5 × 108 cfu/ml inoculum and Carborundum powder (CARB), infiltrating leaves with 5 × 105 cfu/ml inoculum using a needle-less syringe (INFS), and infiltrating with 5 × 106 cfu/ml inoculum (INF6). No greenhouse method was superior in all assessment categories. The CARB method was most repeatable (t = 0.78) but had a low Spearman's correlation (rs = 0.29), indicating that greenhouse rankings did not correspond closely with field rankings. The INF6 method was unsuitable because it did not differentiate between plant genotypes. The DIP method appeared most suitable, having moderate repeatability (t = 0.46) for four observations per leaf and moderate Spearman's correlation with field performance (rs = 0.56). The INF5 method may be appropriate for identifying bacterial spot resistance that is associated with resistance in the leaf mesophyll.
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42

Sotelo Asef, Jesús Gullermo, Ernesto Giovani Figueroa González, and Ernesto Giovani Figueroa González. "Evaluación de la percepción del liderazgo de los trabajadores en una institución educativa según la norma ISO 9001:2015." Revista Relep - Educación y Pedagogía en Latinoamérica 2, no. 3 (June 17, 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relep.2020.2.3.216.

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El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar la percepción de la variable liderazgo y tres de sus dimensiones en una institución educativa. Para ella se elaboró un instrumento de medición para recabar la información requerida. Es un estudio no experimental, transversal, cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Se realizó el análisis de confiabilidad del instrumento mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbrach, donde se obtuvo un valor de .954, así mismo se hace un procesamiento de los datos basado en el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Spearman para identificar las correlaciones de la variable y sus dimensiones (liderazgo y compromiso, política y roles, responsabilidades y autoridades en la organización), existiendo correlación positiva entre ellos. Abstract The objective of this research is to evaluate the perception of the leadership variable and three of its dimensions in an educational institution. For this purpose, a measurement instrument was developed to collect the required information. It is a non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational study. The reliability analysis of the instrument was carried out by means of Cronbrach's alpha coefficient, where a value of .954 was obtained, and the data was processed based on Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficient to identify the correlations of the variable and its dimensions (leadership and commitment, policy and roles, responsibilities and authorities in the organization), with a positive correlation between them.
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43

Behseta, Sam, Tamara Berdyyeva, Carl R. Olson, and Robert E. Kass. "Bayesian Correction for Attenuation of Correlation in Multi-Trial Spike Count Data." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 4 (April 2009): 2186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90727.2008.

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When correlation is measured in the presence of noise, its value is decreased. In single-neuron recording experiments, for example, the correlation of selectivity indices in a pair of tasks may be assessed across neurons, but, because the number of trials is limited, the measured index values for each neuron will be noisy. This attenuates the correlation. A correction for such attenuation was proposed by Spearman more than 100 yr ago, and more recent work has shown how confidence intervals may be constructed to supplement the correction. In this paper, we propose an alternative Bayesian correction. A simulation study shows that this approach can be far superior to Spearman's, both in accuracy of the correction and in coverage of the resulting confidence intervals. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technology by applying it to a set of data obtained from the frontal cortex of a macaque monkey while performing serial order and variable reward saccade tasks. There the correction results in a substantial increase in the correlation across neurons in the two tasks.
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44

Young, Thomas J., and Laurence A. French. "SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE RATES AMONG U.S. INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE AREAS: THE INCOME INEQUALITY HYPOTHESIS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 24, no. 4 (January 1, 1996): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1996.24.4.365.

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Analysis of data for all 12 U.S. Indian Health Service (IHS) areas yielded a significant Spearman's correlation coefficient of .65 between absolute poverty and suicide and a significant Rho of .52 with homicide rates. Nonsignificant correlation coefficients were found for relative poverty and suicide and homicide rates. Implications for the income inequality hypothesis are discussed.
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45

Sriyadi, Sriyadi. "The Correlation of Salaries and Teacher Performance in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level." MUDARRISA: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Islam 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/mdr.v11i2.204-216.

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This study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the honorary teacher salaries with teacher performance at MI Nurul Huda Gowak in 2019. In this study, the population was eight honorary teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Nurul Huda Gowak, Pringsurat, Temanggung in 2019. Because there are eight teachers, all of which will be sampled, this study is a population study. The data was gained through questionnaires. Data were analyzed quantitatively by Spearman correlation with SPSS 12.0 statistical software. The result shows that there is no significant relationship between the honorary teacher salaries with teacher performance that can be known from the results of the calculation using SPSS 12.0. The calculation using Spearman's rho obtained 0.518, while r value in Sig (2-tailed) with df 8 is 0.188. It turns out that ro (magnitude: 0.518) is greater than Sig (2-tailed) 0.188. Because ro is bigger than Sig (2-tailed), then the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted. It meant that there is no positive correlation between variables teacher salaries and teacher performance. Based on this fact, it can be explained that teacher salaries have nothing to do with teacher performance.
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46

Zagdyn, Z. M., E. V. Verbitskaya, E. G. Sokolovich, and N. A. Belyakov. "THE COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVITIES AIMED TO CONTROL THE SPREAD OF HIV/TB CO-INFECTION IN NORTH-WEST RUSSIA." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 97, no. 3 (April 3, 2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2019-97-3-6-15.

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In Russia, the downward trends in tuberculosis transmission are leveled by the growing HIV infection spread. In order to improve the situation, it is necessary to know the strengths and weaknesses of tuberculosis control activities among people living with HIV. The objective of the study: the comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of activities aimed to control the spread of HIV/TB co-infection in North-West Russia. Subjects and methods. The authors used epidemiological and clinical-diagnostic methods, ranking, correlation analysis, and expert assessment. The epidemiological and clinical analyses were based on the reporting forms of Rosstat on tuberculosis and HIV, data from analytical reports on monitoring visits and data from the questionnaires developed by the authors, for 2007-2017. The correlation between the studied parameters was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results. In North-West Russia, the main tuberculosis control activities among people living with HIV, including logistical support and provision of personnel (Spearman's rank ratio (-0.32177), p < 0.05), a set of preventive measures aimed at the coverage with antiretroviral therapy, preventive treatment and screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive people (Spearman's rank ratio (-0.03226), p > 0.05) did not provide any statistically significant impact on the spread of HIV/TB co-infection, which indicated of their imperfection and inequality. Conclusion. In the North-West of Russia, the system aimed to control the spread of HIV/TB co-infection requires some optimization.
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47

Erdfelder, Felix, Iris Gehrke, Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan, Magdalena Hertweck, Regina Razavi, Julian Paesler, Alexandra Filipovich, et al. "Expression of the Transcription Factor Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor-1 (LEF-1) Is Correlated to Aberrantly Increased Fibromodulin Transcripts in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4589.4589.

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Abstract Abstract 4589 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by accumulation of monoclonal CD5+ B lymphocytes. Fibromodulin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein usually found in articular cartilage, bones, connective tissue and collagen rich tissues but has been shown to be excessively expressed in CLL. Moreover, we and others could show that WNT signaling is highly activated in CLL. The aim of our study was to investigate a possible connection between fibromodulin overexpression and the WNT pathway. Moreover, we wanted to explore possible relations between these parameters and the prognosis of CLL. Fibromodulin mRNA transcripts were correlated with the mRNA expression of the WNT pathway transcription factors lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 (LEF-1) and T cell factor-4 (TCF-4) in primary CLL cells. Furthermore, we assessed correlations between the mRNA expression levels with ZAP-70 and CD38 protein expression. These parameters have been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used and calculated PCR-efficiency corrected relative expression values of Fibromodulin, LEF-1 and TCF-4 mRNA in primary CLL-cells determined. ZAP-70 and CD38 expression was determined by flow cytometry analysis. Based on 20 primary CLL samples we found a significant positive correlation between Fibromodulin and LEF-1 mRNA levels (Spearman's rho = 0.65, p = 0.009). Also, LEF-1 and TCF-4 were found to be strongly correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.61, p = 0.027). In contrast, fibromodulin and TCF-4 mRNA levels were only weakly correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.33, p = 0.271). CD38 and ZAP-70 did not correlate significantly to any of the other values. Both parameters did also not exhibit significant correlations with fibromodulin, LEF-1, and TCF-4 mRNA. The positive correlation of TCF-4 and LEF-1 was expected as LEF-1 has been shown to be a target gene of TCF transcription factors. The strong positive correlation of fibromodulin and LEF-1 indicates that fibromodulin might be a target gene of LEF-1 or part of the same (TCF-4 independent) transcription regulation pathway. Studies investigating theses functional relationships are underway. Disclosures: Hallek: BayerScheringAG: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Olivier, Celso Eduardo, Daiana Guedes Pinto Argentão, Regiane Patussi dos Santos Lima, Mariana Dias da Silva, Raquel Acácia Pereira Gonçalves dos Santos, and Natalia Fabbri. "Assessment of Allergen-Induced Respiratory Hyperresponsiveness before the Prescription of a Specific Immunotherapy." Allergy & Rhinology 6, no. 2 (January 2015): ar.2015.6.0122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ar.2015.6.0122.

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Background Asymptomatic sensitization is a frequent condition that must be considered before the indication of allergic-specific immunotherapy. Objective The aim of this study was to appreciate and correlate the local and spirometric changes elicited by the allergen-specific nasal provocation test (NPT) to define practical and feasible guidelines for the allergist/immunologist to demonstrate specific respiratory hyperresponsiveness before the indication of allergic-specific immunotherapy. Methods A total of 172 subjects (children and adults) with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis were submitted to flow-volume spirometry immediately before and after the NPT performed with Dermatophagoides antigens. The differences between the pre- and postspirometric estimated values of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFdif%), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1dif%), and forced vital capacity (FVCdif%) were correlated with the results of the nasal provocation test symptom score (NPT-SS). Results There were 119 subjects (69%) with NPT-SS > 2. Among these patients who were reactive, the mean NPT-SS was 6.3. The Spearman's correlation between PEFdif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.44 (p = 0.01); the Spearman's correlation between FEV1dif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.22 (p = 0.01), and the Spearman's correlation between FVCdif% and NPT-SS was r = −0.21 (p = 0.04). Conclusion The combined utilization of the allergen-specific NPT-SS with the spirometry (or PEF meter) is a safe methodology to evaluate allergen-specific nasal and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (which sometimes acts as a bronchial provocation test) in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma due to hypersensitivity who are candidates for allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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49

Sackey, P. V., P. J. Radell, F. Granath, and C. R. Martling. "Bispectral Index as a Predictor of Sedation Depth during Isoflurane or Midazolam Sedation in ICU Patients." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 35, no. 3 (June 2007): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0703500305.

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Bispectral index (BIS) is used for monitoring anaesthetic depth with inhaled anaesthetic agents in the operating room but has not been evaluated as a monitor of sedation depth in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting with these agents. If BIS could predict sedation depth in ICU patients, patient disturbances could be reduced and oversedation avoided. Twenty ventilator-dependent ICU patients aged 27 to 80 years were randomised to sedation with isoflurane via the AnaConDa® or intravenous midazolam. BIS (A-2000 XP, version 3.12), electromyogram activity (EMG) and Signal Quality Index were measured continuously. Hourly clinical evaluation of sedation depth according to Bloomsbury Sedation Score (Bloomsbury) was performed. The median BIS value during a 10-minute interval prior to the clinical evaluation at the bedside was compared with Bloomsbury. Nurses performing the clinical sedation scoring were blinded to the BIS values. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was measured and compared with Bloomsbury. Correlation was poor between BIS and Bloomsbury in both groups (Spearman's rho 0.012 in the isoflurane group and -0.057 in the midazolam group). Strong correlation was found between BIS and EMG (Spearman's rho 0.74). Significant correlation was found between end-tidal isoflurane concentration and Bloomsbury (Spearman's rho 0.47). In conclusion, BIS XP does not reliably predict sedation depth as measured by clinical evaluation in non-paralysed ICU patients sedated with isoflurane or midazolam. EMG contributes significantly to BIS values in isoflurane or midazolam sedated, non-paralysed ICU patients. End-tidal isoflurane concentration appeared to be a better indicator of clinical sedation depth than BIS.
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50

Tavares, Cléciton Braga, Francisca das Chagas Sheyla Gomes-Braga, Emerson Brandão Sousa, Umbelina Soares Borges, Carla Solange Escórcio-Dourado, João Paulo da Silva-Sampaio, and Benedito Borges da Silva. "Evaluation of estrogen receptor expression in low-grade and high-grade astrocytomas." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 64, no. 12 (December 2018): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1129.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare estrogen receptor expression between low and high-grade astrocytomas. METHOD: A study using paraffin blocks of glial tumors from the Anatomy Pathology archives of São Marcos Hospital was carried out and began after approval by the Review Board of the Federal University of Piaui. Specimens were histochemically marked with an anti-ER alpha antibody. Brown-stained nuclei were considered positive, regardless of reaction intensity. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean percentage of nuclei stained with anti-ER alpha in low-and high-grade astrocytomas was 0.04 and zero, respectively, while Spearman's correlation showed a strong negative association between low and high-grade tumors (p<0.001) and (r= −0.67), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the current study, estrogen receptor expression was positive only in low-grade astrocytomas and nil in high-grade astrocytomas, showing that ER expression declines with the grade of tumor malignancy.
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