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Chambers, Ll G. "73.52 Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Mathematical Gazette 73, no. 466 (December 1989): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3619313.
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Burghes, David N. "Teaching Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Teaching Statistics 15, no. 3 (September 1993): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9639.1993.tb00658.x.
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Gauthier, T. "Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Environmental Forensics 2, no. 4 (December 2001): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2001.0061.
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Gautheir, Thomas D. "Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Environmental Forensics 2, no. 4 (January 2001): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713848278.
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Hauke, Jan, and Tomasz Kossowski. "Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data." Quaestiones Geographicae 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1.
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Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of an association between two variables. It is a measure of a monotone association that is used when the distribution of data makes Pearson's correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. Spearman's coefficient is not a measure of the linear relationship between two variables, as some "statisticians" declare. It assesses how well an arbitrary monotonic function can describe a relationship between two variables, without making any assumptions about the frequency distribution of the variables. Unlike Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, it does not require the assumption that the relationship between the variables is linear, nor does it require the variables to be measured on interval scales; it can be used for variables measured at the ordinal level. The idea of the paper is to compare the values of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as their statistical significance for different sets of data (original - for Pearson's coefficient, and ranked data for Spearman's coefficient) describing regional indices of socio-economic development.
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Henery, R. J. "Asymptotic convergence in distribution for spearman's rank correlation coefficient." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 17, no. 4 (January 1988): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918808812734.
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Berry, Kenneth J., and Paul W. Mielke. "Spearman's Footrule as a Measure of Agreement." Psychological Reports 80, no. 3 (June 1997): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.839.
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Spearman's footrule measure of the relationship between two sets of ranks is shown to be a chance-corrected measure of agreement. The footrule is generalized to include tied ranks and a comparison with Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient is provided. Procedures to determine the nonasymptotic probability of the footrule with tied ranks are presented.
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Lee, Yongjoo, and Hwajoon Kim. "THE SPEARMAN RANK-ORDER CORRELATION COEFFICIENT REPRESENTED BY LAPLACE TRANSFORM." JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/hm018020363.
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Franklin, L. A. "A note on approximations and convergence in distribution for spearman's rank correlation coefficient." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610928808829609.
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J, Ashok Kumar, and Abirami S. "Aspect-based opinion ranking framework for product reviews using a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method." Information Sciences 460-461 (September 2018): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2018.05.003.
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Adil Ibrahim, Kameran. "Software Simulation for Optimization k-NN Based Indoor Localisation Technique Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2018.142400.
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Lakic, Nada, and Simo Stevanovic. "Ranking of Vojvodina municipalities according to multidimensional denominator of livestock production commodities." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 48, no. 2 (2003): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0302217l.
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Marketability of livestock production was analyzed based on the marketability of both pork, beef, sheep and poultry and eggs and cow's milk. The sequential order of the Vojvodina municipalities according to the observed denominators is not identical. But, Spearman's coefficient of correlation points to a statistically very high degree of accordance between the rank-list of marketability of pork and the rank-lists of marketability of beef, poultry and milk as well as the rank-list of poultry and sequential classification of sheep meat and eggs, beef and milk. There was a statistically high correlation between the rank list of marketability of sheep meat and pork, beef and milk as well as poultry and milk. Based on the value of Kendal coefficient of ranking, it can be concluded that there exists very high degree of accordance of all the rank lists being observed simultaneously. For determination of sequential classification according to the achieved marketability of all the analyzed livestock production commodities in the sense of synthetic denominator, Ivanovic distance was used in the present work.
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Xie, Ying Hong, Xiao Wei Han, Peng Sun, and Xue Lian Zhang. "Analysis of Environmental Materials with Correlation between PM2.5 and Other Indexes in AQI of Wuhan." Advanced Materials Research 1003 (July 2014): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1003.269.
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Fine particulate matter PM2.5 is the main factor of "Haze” weather. The paper chose the content of various indicators in the sets of air quality index AQI detected by a monitoring station in Wuhan city as samples. Based on the methods of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kendall rank correlation coefficient to establish mathematical model, the paper analyzed the correlation between the content of PM2.5 and other five basic detection indicators and corresponding pollutants, with providing theoretical and experimental evidence for air management work. Two methods of the experiment results showed that PM2.5 (content) has a strong correlation with sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide (content), and had a negative correlation with ozone (content).
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Oda, Takashi, Yukio Abe, Yasukazu Katsumi, Hiroyuki Ohi, Toshiyasu Nakamura, and Katsunori Inagaki. "Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire: A Comparison with the DASH and SF-36 Questionnaires." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 21, no. 01 (February 2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516500119.
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Background: The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) has shown reliability, validity and responsiveness and has been used to assess surgical outcomes mainly in North America. We established a Japanese version of the MHQ and evaluated its reliability and validity compared with both the short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire in a Japanese-speaking population. Methods: The MHQ was cross-culturally adapted to a Japanese version according to guidelines. Sixty-eight patients with hand conditions were enrolled in this study and answered the MHQ, DASH questionnaire and SF-36 questionnaire. The MHQ was completed again with an interval of one or two weeks. Reproducibility and internal consistency were statistically assessed by the test-retest method and calculating Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess associations between the MHQ and the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients of MHQ subscales ranged from 0.68 to 0.93. Aesthetics subscale of the left hand showed the lowest intraclass correlation but still a good correlation. Cronbach's alpha values of the MHQ ranged from 0.81 to 0.96 for all subscales. The absolute values of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between MHQ subscales and DASH function/symptoms scores ranged from 0.49 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients of the MHQ total score to subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire ranged from 0.42 to 0.68. The strongest correlations were found between work performance of the MHQ and rolephysical of the SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: The Japanese version of the MHQ has adequate instrument properties for assessing hand outcomes compared with the SF-36 questionnaire as well as the DASH questionnaire.
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KOU, GANG, YANQUN LU, YI PENG, and YONG SHI. "EVALUATION OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS USING MCDM AND RANK CORRELATION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 01 (January 2012): 197–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500095.
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Classification algorithm selection is an important issue in many disciplines. Since it normally involves more than one criterion, the task of algorithm selection can be modeled as multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. Different MCDM methods evaluate classifiers from different aspects and thus they may produce divergent rankings of classifiers. The goal of this paper is to propose an approach to resolve disagreements among MCDM methods based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Five MCDM methods are examined using 17 classification algorithms and 10 performance criteria over 11 public-domain binary classification datasets in the experimental study. The rankings of classifiers are quite different at first. After applying the proposed approach, the differences among MCDM rankings are largely reduced. The experimental results prove that the proposed approach can resolve conflicting MCDM rankings and reach an agreement among different MCDM methods.
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Balanescu, Sandrina, Peter Kopp, Mary Beth Gaskill, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Christian Schindler, and Jonas Rutishauser. "Correlation of Plasma Copeptin and Vasopressin Concentrations in Hypo-, Iso-, and Hyperosmolar States." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2499.
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Abstract Background: Copeptin, the C-terminal moiety of provasopressin, is cosecreted with vasopressin. Copeptin may be a useful parameter to characterize disorders of water homeostasis and can be readily measured in plasma or serum. However, it is unknown to date how circulating copeptin and vasopressin levels correlate at different plasma osmolalites. Objective: To correlate plasma copeptin with plasma osmolality and vasopressin concentrations in healthy subjects during iso-, hypo-, and hyperosmolar states. Methods: Plasma osmolalities, copeptin, and vasopressin levels were measured in 20 volunteers at baseline, after an oral water load, and during and after iv infusion of 3% saline. Correlation coefficients were determined between plasma osmolalites and copeptin and vasopressin concentrations, as well as between vasopressin and copeptin concentrations. Results: Median plasma osmolalities decreased from 290 mOsm/kg (range, 284–302) at baseline to 281 (273–288) mOsm/kg after water load and rose to 301 (298–307) mOsm/kg after hypertonic saline. Median plasma copeptin concentrations decreased from 3.3 (1.1–36.4) pm at baseline to 2.0 (0.9–10.4) pm after water load and increased to 13.6 (3.7–43.3) pm after hypertonic saline. Vasopressin and copeptin concentrations correlated with plasma osmolality (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.49 and 0.77, respectively). There was a close correlation of vasopressin and copeptin concentrations (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.8). Conclusion: Plasma vasopressin and copeptin correlate strongly over a wide range of osmolalities in healthy individuals. Therefore, the measurement of copeptin, which remains stable for several days, is a useful alternative to vasopressin measurements and will likely facilitate the differential diagnosis of disorders of water metabolism.
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Siregar, Baihaqi, Cindy Aprilia, Filia D. Anggaraeni, and Ivan Jaya. "Klasifikasi Kecerdasan Majemuk pada Anak Berdasarkan Posting Aktivitas di Media Sosial Menggunakan SentiStrength dan Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient." JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i4.1500.
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Intelligence are things related to intelligence, intellectual action, and perfect development of the mind. Every human being has the right to develop himself based on intelligence. A child who is good at playing violin shouldn't let himself feel like he is stupid because he is unable to complete his mathematical tasks. Therefore, the author wants to create a system for determining children's talent based on multiple intelligence as measured by the tendency of posts about their daily activities on social media by using the Sentistrength and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient methods. The purpose of this research is to create a social media application called Juicer, which is able to determine one's talent according to multiple intelligence theory based on data in the form of user posts about their daily activities. Users input their daily activities and opinions about the activities that he is currently undergoing. The system will analyze the data entered a negative or positive opinion. Then determine whether the data entered are musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and / or spiritual-type using lexicon-based sentiment analysis with the Sentistrength method. After a long period of time, the system will sort the data that has been stored. After the data is classified, user intelligence types will be found based on multiple intelligence theory, as a result of this study. The result of the correlation between intelligence type data obtained through the system compared to intelligence type data obtained through the manual method is 80%, and the deviation value is 0.09.
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Powers, J., and SJ Bennett. "Measurement of dyspnea in patients treated with mechanical ventilation." American Journal of Critical Care 8, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc1999.8.4.254.
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BACKGROUND: Dyspnea, or difficult breathing, is common in patients receiving mechanical ventilation; however, dyspnea is not routinely or systematically measured. OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this methodological study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of 5 dyspnea rating scales and the criterion validity of 4 dyspnea rating scales in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The secondary purpose was to examine the correlations between each of these 5 rating scales and physiological measures of respiratory function. METHODS: The convenience sample consisted of 28 patients on mechanical ventilation during their hospitalization in the intensive care units of a large, inner-city hospital. Patients rated their dyspnea twice at 30-minute intervals on the visual analogue scale, the vertical analogue dyspnea scale, the modified Borg scale, the numerical scale, and the faces scale. Test-retest reliability was computed by using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Criterion validity was evaluated by using the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The 5 rating scales had acceptable test-retest reliabilities, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.97. Criterion validity of the 4 scales also was acceptable, with Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients from 0.76 to 0.96. The rating scales were not correlated with most of the physiological variables. At least half of the patients reported moderate to severe dyspnea. CONCLUSION: The scales showed acceptable reliability and validity, and they will be useful in quantifying dyspnea experienced by patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Further work is needed to evaluate the extent and the severity of dyspnea in such patients in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
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Sting, Nataliinn. "The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Cyberbullying Behavior in Adolescents in Salatiga." Psikologia : Jurnal Psikologi 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/psikologia.v4i1.996.
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This study is conducted to examine the correlation between emotional intelligence and cyberbullying behaviour among teenagers in Salatiga. It involved 405 teenagers aged 15-17 years old (247 girls and 158 boys). Data were taken using The Assessing Emotion Scale of Schutte, Malouff, dan Bhullar (2009), consisted of 33 items with validity coefficient 0,843, to examine validity coefficient, and The Cyber-Bullying Questionnaire of Esther Calvete, Izaskun Orue, Ana Estévez, Lourdes Villardón, and Patricia Padilla (2010), consisted of 16 items with validity 0,839, to examine the variable of the behaviour. It was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient in SPSS 16.0 for windows. The results showed a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and cyberbullying behaviour with rxy = -0,126 dan p = 0,006 (p < 0,05).
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Datta, Abhijit, Minhaj Rahim Choudhury, Md Abu Shahin, Md Nazrul Islam, Shamim Ahmed, Syed Atiqul Haq, Abul Khair Ahmedullah, Md Ariful Islam, Swapan Kumar Mondal, and Md Iqbal Hossain. "Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score." Faridpur Medical College Journal 14, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v14i2.48178.
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Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) is a very important tool for measuring disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). This study was aimed to develop a culturally adapted, valid and reliable Bengali version of questionnaire for the ASDAS. The original English ASDAS was translated into Bangla and adapted in the local socio-cultural context, following standard international recommendations. Content validity of the adapted Bangla version was assessed by the item-level & scale level content validity indices (I-CVI & S-CVI). A total 120 patients with axSpA were assessed in the study. For construct validity, correlation between ASDAS with BASDAI, ESR, CRP, Maastricht enthesitis score, physician's global assessment and BASMI was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient respectively. I-CVI for each item was 1 and S-CVI was 1. ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP showed strong correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient >0.5) with BASDAI, ESR, MASES and physician global assessment of disease activity. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Crohnbach's alpha=0.703) and test-retest reliability (ICC=0.98). The adapted Bangla version of the ASDAS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties (validity & reliability) in Bangladeshi patients with axSpA.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 62-66
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Janoskova, Katarina, and Anna Krizanova. "Comparison of selected internationally recognized brand valuation methods." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i1.7.
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Research background: There are many consultative groups and market research companies on the market that have also brand valuation included in their service portfolios. Such companies tend to adopt their own unique approaches to value brands to face increasing competition, which is also reinforced by the fact that brand constitutes the company's most valuable commercial and intangible assets. The paper compares selected internationally recognized brand valuation methods, using the mathematical statistics apparatus (Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients), on the sample of 12 global well-known brands (Apple, Google, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, Facebook, Toyota, IBM, Disney, McDonald's, General Electric, Samsung and Amazon).
Purpose of the article: The aim is to analyze the brand values and the methods applied for possible deviations, and identify whether they are statistically significant and/or find any statistical correlation, or eventually recognize them as totally different and independent approaches.
Methods: The analysis is carried out by pairwise comparison of selected brand values provided by selected consultative companies (Forbes, Interbrand, Brand Finance and Millward Brown). The degree of correlation of brand values provided by respective consultative groups is calculated using the following correlation coefficients: Pearson's correlation coefficient and its modified non-parametric version involving ordinals — Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Findings and Value added: The analysis proved the highest correlation of the brand values provided by the Forbes and Interbrand; Subsequently, a trend analysis is carried out to determine the development over time, identifying the most striking development in the brand values provided by Millward Brown (BrandZTM) for the period 2013–2016.
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Goryainov, V. B., and E. R. Goryainova. "Comparative Analysis of Robust Modification Quality for Principal Component Analysis to Perform Correlated Data Compression." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (96) (June 2021): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-3-23-45.
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Principal component analysis is one of the methods traditionally used to solve the problem of reducing the dimensionality of a multidimensional vector with correlated components. We constructed the principal components using a special representation of the covariance or correlation matrix of the indicators observed. The classical principal component analysis uses Pearson sample correlation coefficients as estimates of the correlation matrix elements. These estimates are extremely sensitive to sample contamination and anomalous observations. To robustify the principal component analysis, we propose to replace the sample estimates of correlation matrices with well-known robust analogues, which include Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Minimum Covariance Determinant estimates, orthogonalized Gnanadesikan --- Kettenring estimates, and Olive --- Hawkins estimates. The study aims to carry out a comparative numerical analysis of the classical principal component analysis and its robust modifications. For this purpose, we simulated nine-dimensional vectors with known correlation matrix structures and introduced a special metric that allows us to evaluate the quality of data compression. Our extensive numerical experiment has shown that the classical principal component analysis boasts the best compression quality for a Gaussian distribution of observations. When observations are characterised by a Student's t-distribution with three degrees of freedom, as well as when a cluster of outliers, individual anomalous observations, or symmetric contaminations described by the Tukey distribution are present in the data, it is the Gnanadesikan --- Kettenring and Olive --- Hawkins estimates modifying the principal component analysis that show the best compression quality. The quality of the classical principal component analysis and Spearman’s rank modification decreases in these cases
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Franczak, Iwona. "Local government finance assessment on the basis of budget implementation statements." Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, no. 35 (July 27, 2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/jmfs.2018.35.2.
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This article discusses local government finances in Poland and the scope of budget implementation statements taking into consideration literature analysis and regulation interpretation. In proving the research hypothesis as being valid, the project confirms that budget implementation statements of local governments give rise to the formation of judgements regarding said local government finances. Toward this end, the study assessments have quantitative values initially based on basic descriptive statistics, further developed through the application of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient.
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Głód, Wojciech. "Transformational leadership style in the relationship between innovation and efficiency of healthcare units in Poland." Oeconomia Copernicana 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.036.
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Research background: In today’s turbulent times, organizations face the challenge of fulfilling many complex requirements while at the same time they have to adjust to ongoing changes. The necessary changes that would allow for resolving these problems should, first of all, involve a new approach to human resource management and, in particular, the role of leadership in healthcare units. Numerous studies conducted over the years confirm the growing importance of leadership in modern organizations, especially in the healthcare sector.
Purpose of the article: The main goal of the project is to identify the relationships between innovative leadership and the organizational efficiency of healthcare units in the context of innovation levels. The article discusses the research hypotheses concerning the existence of a relationship between management innovation and transformational leadership style in healthcare units, the existence of a relationship between transformational leadership style and the efficiency of healthcare units, the existence of a relationship between management innovation and the efficiency of healthcare units.
Methods: The survey was conducted in 100 randomly selected healthcare units in Poland. The analysis of interdependencies was performed, among others, with the use of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, the coefficient of colligation, and a chi-squared test, while the measures were chosen based on their adequacy for correlated variables and their distribution. In order to verify the hypotheses formulated in the study, a number of statistical methods were applied, e.g. descriptive statistics and correlation analysis
Findings & Value added: The key result of the study identifies the role of transformational leader-ship style in the relationship between the level of innovativeness and efficiency in healthcare units. The article also points to practical implications that may contribute to improved management practices in healthcare units.
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Bogdanov, L. A., D. K. Shishkova, M. Yu Sinitsky, and A. G. Kutikhin. "Primer parameters defining efficiency and coefficient of determination in quantitative polymerase chain reaction." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 9, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2020-9-3-13-20.
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We performed a correlation analysis between primer parameters and qPCR efficiency/coefficient of determination in two independent samples from in vitro functional experiments.Primer parameters do not define qPCR efficiency and coefficient of determination significantly if primers are designed according to the optimised PRIMER-BLAST settings.Aim. To find the correlation between the primer parameters, efficiency, and coefficient of determination (R2 ) in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) conditions.Methods. Upon RNA isolation from primary human coronary artery endothelial cells, we performed reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR) utilising SYBR Green chemistry to measure the expression of the following genes: IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, IL12A, IL23A, PECAM1, VWF, KDR, FAPA, ACTA2, SMTN, VIM, COL4A1, MMP2, SNAI2, TWIST1, ZEB1, SCARF1, CD36, LDLR, VLDLR, VCAM1, ICAM1, SELE, SELP, CDH5, IL1R1, IL1R2, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, NOS3, PXDN. Primers were designed employing Primer-BLAST software using optimised settings. For the correlation analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was applied (GraphPad Prism).Results. Coefficient of determination correlated with the primer pair rating by Beacon Designer, amplicon melting temperature, and GC content in the reverse primer. Reaction efficiency did not correlate with the Beacon Designer rating, yet being associated with length and GC content of the reverse primer. Abovementioned correlation coefficients ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 or from -0.4 to -0.5 indicative of moderate positive or negative correlation. Other parameters did not affect reaction efficiency and coefficient of determination. Conclusion Primer parameters do not define qPCR efficiency and coefficient of determination significantly if primers are designed according to the optimised PRIMER-BLAST settings.
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Dolgova, V. I., E. A. Grasmik, A. A. Nurtdinova, and E. M. Gamova. "CORRELATION BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND STATE ANXIETY IN PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION FORMATION." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.81.
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The study focuses on professional self-determination formation in high school students as a corre-lation between their anxiety and self-esteem is considered to be highly important in the study of human resources. The purpose of the study is to determine on the basis of theoretical arguments a correlation between self-esteem and state anxiety in students in the process of professional self-determination and prove it with an experiment. The study was conducted in Kuzino State School 36 of the Sverdlovsk Region. The study was carried out in three stages: desktop analysis, experimental research, and data analysis. The research comprised empirical methods in the form of an ascertaining experiment and testing, statistical and mathematical methods in the form of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and three techniques: the Dembo-Rubinstein technique for self-esteem evaluation modified by A.M. Prikhozhan, the Kazantseva technique for general self-esteem assessment, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, developed by C.D. Spielberger and modified by Yu.L. Khanin. The research on self-esteem of students in the process of professional self-determination showed the following findings. Based on the Dembo-Rubinstein technique, average self-esteem prevails among study subjects (67%); moreover, the Kazantseva technique demonstrated the prevalence of average self-esteem among high school students as well (63%). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory also showed that most of the subjects (68%) had an average level of anxiety. In the study, experiments were performed and levels of self-esteem and state anxiety in professional self-deter-mination formation were determined; a correlation between self-esteem and state anxiety was proven. Study findings demonstrated that most students had average self-esteem and average state anxiety. Thus, according to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, there is indeed a correlation between self-esteem and state anxiety in students in the process of professional self-determination.
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Pilguy, Eleonora I., Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova, Nikolay N. Murashkin, and Igor A. Gundarov. "Variability in the Incidence of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Diseases Among Children Aged 15–17 Years by Constituents of the Russian Federation (a Population-Based Study)." Pediatric pharmacology 15, no. 5 (December 25, 2018): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v15i5.1964.
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Background. Taking into account the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of Russia is an important condition for optimizing pediatric dermatological care. According to modern literature, this issue has been underinvestigated.Our aim was to study the nature of the variability in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation.Patients and Methods. State medical statistics for 83 constituents of the Russian Federation for 2009–2015 were used. The risk aggregation method was used in the study. The degree of morbidity variability by region was assessed by the range of variation and coefficient of variation. Subjects were ranked according to the annual incidence rate. To assess the sustainability of the subjects’ belonging to a certain rank place, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used.Results. In 2009, the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years in Russia had significant variability: the range of variation was 8.3 times, the coefficient of variation was 29%. Subjects were ranked by year. In 2010–2015, annual variability indicators remained high. Ranked places of subjects had rank correlation coefficients of 0.53–0.83 as compared to 2009. Groups of subjects with different levels of pediatric dermatological morbidity have been identified.Conclusion. The incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases among children aged 15–17 years by constituents of the Russian Federation during 2009-2015 was characterized by significant variability. Subjects had a stable belonging to a certain rank place. The constituents of the Russian Federation have been divided into groups according to the incidence rates for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases.
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Gerkens, Sophie, Ralph Crott, Irina Cleemput, Jean-Paul Thissen, Marie-Christine Closon, Yves Horsmans, and Claire Beguin. "Comparison of three instruments assessing the quality of economic evaluations: A practical exercise on economic evaluations of the surgical treatment of obesity." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 03 (July 2008): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080422.
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Objectives:The increasing use of full economic evaluations has led to the development of various instruments to assess their quality. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequently usedBritish Medical Journal(BMJ) check-list and two new instruments: the Consensus Health Economic Criteria (CHEC) list and the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. The analysis was based on a practical exercise on economic evaluations of the surgical treatment of obesity.Methods:The quality of nine selected studies was assessed independently by two health economists. To compare instruments, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated for each assessor. Moreover, the test–retest reliability for each instrument was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (3,1). Finally, the inter-rater agreement for each instrument was estimated at two levels: comparison of the total score of each article by the ICC(2,1) and comparison of results per item by kappa values.Results:The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between instruments was usually high (rho > 0.70). Furthermore, test–retest reliability was good for every instruments, that is, 0.98 (95 percent CI, 0.86–0.99) for the BMJ check-list, 0.97 (95 percent CI, 0.73–0.98) for the CHEC list, and 0.95 (95 percent CI, 0.75–0.99) for the QHES instrument. However, inter-rater agreement was poor (kappa < 0.40 for most items and ICC(2,1) ≤ 0.5).Conclusions:The study shows that the results of the quality assessment of economic evaluations are not so much influenced by the instrument used but more by the assessor. Therefore, quality assessments should be performed by at least two independent experts and final scoring based on consensus.
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Steinmeier, Ralf, Johannes Schramm, Hans-Georg Müller, and Rudolf Fahlbusch. "Evaluation of Prognostic Factors in Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations." Neurosurgery 24, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198902000-00007.
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Abstract In a retrospective study of 48 patients who underwent elective surgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations, a statistical analysis of demographic, clinical, and neuroradiological data was undertaken in order to discover the best predictors of operative morbidity. In addition, the predictive value of different clinical grading systems as applied to this series was compared. All patients had a computed tomographic scan and a positive angiogram before surgery. Complete resection was proven angiographically. The univariate Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon rank sum test, the Fisher exact test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used as statistical methods. Duration of surgery, the development, of either new deficits or an increase in the preoperative neurological signs immediately after surgery, and rehabilitation (as measured by the Karnofsky index) were taken as target variables for the difficulty of operation and for postoperative morbidity, respectively. The largest diameter of the nidus of the arteriovenous malformation, eloquence of the adjacent brain, and deep venous drainage showed the most consistent correlation with these target variables. Intracerebral hematoma and other single factors, such as the age of the patient or localization of the arteriovenous malformation did not affect the outcome. The clinical grading scale of Spetzler and Martin provided better prediction of surgical risks than other proposed systems.
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Siopi, Maria, Efthymios Neroutsos, Kalliopi Zisaki, Maria Gamaletsou, Maria Pirounaki, Panagiotis Tsirigotis, Nikolaos Sipsas, et al. "Bioassay for Determining Voriconazole Serum Levels in Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Echinocandins." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 1 (October 26, 2015): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01688-15.
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ABSTRACTVoriconazole levels were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a microbiological agar diffusion assay using aCandida parapsilosisisolate in 103 serum samples from an HPLC-tested external quality control program (n= 39), 21 patients receiving voriconazole monotherapy (n= 39), and 7 patients receiving combination therapy (n= 25). The results of the bioassay were correlated with the results obtained from the external quality control program samples and with the HPLC results in sera from patients on voriconazole monotherapy and on combination therapy with an echinocandin (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [rs], > 0.93; mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM] % difference, <12% ± 3.8%).
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Herrán, Oscar F., and María F. Ardila. "Validity and reproducibility of two semi-quantitative alcohol frequency questionnaires for the Colombian population." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 6 (September 2006): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005880.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relative validity and reproducibility of two alcohol intake frequency questionnaires (AFQ-A; AFQ-B), designed to classify subjects according to their alcohol intake level, in Bucaramanga, Colombia.MethodOne hundred and nine randomly selected subjects, aged between 20 and 60 years, completed three 30-day semi-quantitative alcohol intake records (30-DR). The AFQs were applied three months after the last 30-DR. AFQ-A contained 53 items; AFQ-B contained five items, with the alcoholic drinks for AFQ-B selected by Max_r. The correlation and agreement between alcohol intake assessed with the AFQs and the 30-DR were obtained using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (pC), Spearman's rank correlation coefficient(rS), Bland and Altman's limits of agreement (LOA) and Cohen's weighted kappa statistic (Kw).ResultsThe reproducibility of the 30-DR was poor; rS ranged from 0.33 to 0.41. The reproducibility of the AFQs was higher, with rS between 0.50 and 0.73. The agreement(Kw) of the 30-DR and the AFQs was 0.40. The lower and upper LOA were between 56.4% and 11.0%. The AFQs and 30-DR were well correlated. Assessment of relative validity between the two methods yielded r values for alcohol between 0.52 Alcohol consumption and 0.60, which reduced to 0.20–0.29 after energy adjustment.ConclusionsThese AFQs may be useful to rank subjects according to their alcohol Max_r intake. The AFQ-B is easy and quick to apply, and is also highly cost-effective.
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Plasencia, Javier, and Ernest E. Banttari. "Comparison Between a Culture Plate Method and an Immunoassay to Evaluate Vascular Colonization of Potato by Verticillium dahliae." Plant Disease 81, no. 1 (January 1997): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.1.53.
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Vascular colonization by Verticillium dahliae of 14 potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars was evaluated in field trials by a culture plate method and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA). Whereas the culture plate technique quantifies fungal propa-gules, the monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay detects the soluble antigen, providing an indicator of fungal biomass. Differences in vascular colonization were evident with both methods; thus, cultivars could be ranked as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant. Linear regression analysis of means of each cultivar showed correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from -0.606 to -0.835. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) ranged from -0.65 to -0.91. Estimation by IC-ELISA of vascular colonization by V. dahliae in potato is as accurate as that by the culture plate technique, and results can be obtained in 3 days with an approximately 50% reduction in costs of materials and reagents. This quantitative immunoassay can be applied in potato breeding programs to evaluate resistance to Verticillium wilt.
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Meghanathan, Natarajan. "Correlation Analysis between Maximal Clique Size and Centrality Metrics for Random Networks and Scale-Free Networks." Computer and Information Science 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n2p41.
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<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The high-level contribution of this paper is a comprehensive analysis of the correlation levels between node centrality (a computationally light-weight metric) and maximal clique size (a computationally hard metric) in random network and scale-free network graphs generated respectively from the well-known Erdos-Renyi (ER) and Barabasi-Albert (BA) models. We use three well-known measures for evaluating the level of correlation: Product-moment based Pearson's correlation coefficient, Rank-based Spearman's correlation coefficient and Concordance-based Kendall's correlation coefficient. For each of the several variants of the theoretical graphs generated from the ER and BA models, we compute the above three correlation coefficient values between the maximal clique size for a node (maximum size of the clique the node is part of) and each of the four prominent node centrality metrics (degree, eigenvector, betweenness and closeness). We also explore the impact of the operating parameters of the theoretical models for generating random networks and scale-free networks on the correlation between maximal clique size and the centrality metrics.</span></p>
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Nosratinia, Mania, and Zahra Moradi. "EFL Teachers' Reflective Teaching, Use of Motivational Strategies, and Their Sense of Efficacy." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0802.28.
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The present study aimed at systematically investigating the relationship among EFL teachers' Reflective Teaching (RT), Use of Motivational Strategies (UMS), and Sense of Efficacy (SE). The participants of the study were 194 male and female EFL teachers, between 20 to 30 years of age (Mage = 25) and with 1 to 10 years of teaching experience. The participants were asked to fill out three questionnaires: the RT questionnaire by Akbari, Behzadpour, and Dadvand (2010), the questionnaire of UMS by Cheng and Dörnyei (2007), and the questionnaire of SE by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001). Analyzing the data through running the non-parametric Spearman's rank order coefficient of correlation indicated that there was a significant and positive correlation between RT and UMS, RT and SE, and between UMS and SE. Furthermore, running a multiple regression analysis revealed that RT could more significantly predict the SE among EFL teachers. Regarding the limitations and drawing upon the findings, the article concludes with some pedagogical implications and some avenues for future research.
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Pena-Sanchez, Rolando. "The GDP Growth-Rates Of Countries With The Highest Production Of Patents." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i2.7636.
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The generation of patents reflects a significant part of the economical development of a country, and is an activity that is intrinsically related to the intellectual capital of an organization. This article focuses on the relationship between the growth rate of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the production of patents, based on annual data during the period 2005-2010 for the three countries around the world with the highest level in production of patents: USA, China, and Japan. A nonparametric correlation method (named Spearman's rank correlation) was selected (whose justification is explained) to estimate the correlation coefficient (p-value<0.01); an economical variable: the external debt measured in US$ billions was incorporated in the analysis, due to its significant correlation (p-value<0.01), which since 2004 has been growing and reaching an unsuspected upper extreme margin.
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Li, Dongzhe, Yu Liang, Kunlong Ma, Chang Zou, and Yue Fang. "Postoperative Computed Tomography Evaluation of Posterior Tibial Plateau Fractures: Mean 7-Year Clinical Follow-Up." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 07 (September 14, 2017): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606561.
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AbstractThe aim is to assess the association between computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical outcomes in posterior tibial plateau fractures (TPF). This is a retrospective analysis of the records of 23 patients with posterior TPF treated at our institution between 2004 and 2011. Two indices of residual articular displacement of posterior TPF (gap and step-off) were measured from CT images, and clinical outcomes were assessed using the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between the postoperative posterior TPF radiological findings and the clinical outcomes. Both the intraobserver and the interobserver correlation coefficients were high (0.90 and 0.92, respectively), indicating excellent agreement between the reviewers for the assessment of residual displacement via CT scans. Additionally, residual articular step displacement showed a strongly negative correlation with clinical outcomes (R = 0.700, p = 0.036), whereas the residual gap displacement did not (R = 0.400, p = 0.505). More importantly, the medial posterior step displacement was significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes (p = 0.040), whereas the lateral posterior step displacement was not (p = 0.618). Based on the data of this study, the higher the step-off deformity of the medial posterior tibial plateau, the worse the SMFA. More attention should be paid to this factor when treating medial posterior TPF.
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Abul’hanov, S. R., Dmitrii Leonidovich Skuratov, and Alexander I. Khaimovich. "Correlation Image Analysis of Surface Roughness." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.296.
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The authors proposed a procedure for determining parallel matchmarks in the halftone image of the rough surface. The analysis of micron-scale asperities was carried out in black and white. Relationships between coordinates of variable pixel-value sections of the microasperities under investigation were identified using the correlation analysis. The authors determined the asymmetrical distribution of various grayscales in the image of the polished surface. For that reason, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was found to identify microrelief regularities that enabled to determine peaks of parallel matchmarks available on the rough surface.It is necessary to apply special filtration in order to determine periodicity of linear matchmarks which will remove point inclusions from the surface image (carbides, impurities, impregnated particles, etc.). Small inclusions in the image of the surface being analyzed are considered to be the “noise” while conducting the correlation analysis.The findings are relevant for quality control of optical surfaces. The developed program for calculating the correlation coefficient may be built into a product automatic control system used in bulk production.
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Lin, Albert Y., Natalia B. Kouzminova, Jonathan Pollack, and Gerard Nuovo. "Prognostic role of microRNA-34a expression in colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.472.
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472 Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor suppressor gene, is known to be down-regulated in CRC cell lines and recently shown to be a cell-fate determinant in early-stage dividing colon cancer stem cells. However, its prognostic significance is unclear. Methods: MiR-34a detection was performed by in situ hybridization on a CRC tissue microarray (n=127; stage I, 21 patients; II: 42; III: 33; IV: 31). Its expression was graded as negative (no signal), low (expression in 1-19% of cancer cells), moderate (20-49% of cancer cells), and strong (50-100% of cancer cells). The correlations between miR-34a expression and EGFR, osteopontin (OPN), p53, Ki67, LEF1, VEGF, COX2, MMR, stage and grade were evaluated by chi-squared test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression model were used to assess the association of miR-34a expression with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease specific survival (DSS). Results: MiR-34a expression had moderate positive correlation with genes associated with tissue proliferation and invasion, including Ki67 (Spearman's r=0.28, p=0.002), and weak correlation with EGFR (r=0.2, p=0.02) and LEF1 (r=0.18, p=0.039). In the subgroup of patients (n=75; stage II/III) with negative OPN expression (n=25), weak or negative miR-34a expression was associated with worse RFS (HR=4.1; 95%CI=1.1-15.9; p=0.036) and DSS (HR=10.5; 95%CI=1.2-94.5; p=0.036). Conclusions: Our results suggest that down-regulated or absent expression of miR-34a correlates with worse RFS and DSS in stage II - III CRC patients with negative OPN expression. Further investigation of miR34a in prospective randomized studies is warranted to establish its role as a prognostic factor for CRC outcome.
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Ogneva-Himmelberger, Yelena, and Fei Meng. "Geospatial Analysis of Neighborhood Characteristics and Access to Fresh Produce." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014070105.
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A growing number of studies have shown that adequate spatial access to healthy foods leads to increased fresh produce consumption and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Annual dynamics of spatial access to 1,539 vendors of fresh produce (including farmers markets and roadside farm stands) are analyzed in Massachusetts. Travel distance to the nearest fresh produce vendor was calculated for each census block group using GIS and dasymetric mapping. Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient was calculated to test whether the association between neighborhood characteristics and the travel distance to the nearest vendor existed and if it was statistically significant in urbanized and rural areas. Results show that during summer, median travel distance to the nearest fresh produce vendor decreases 20% in rural areas and 9% in urbanized areas. The shortest travel distances are associated with the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in both rural and urbanized settings. Further research is needed to examine if the same association holds true in other parts in the country.
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Sochacka-Tatara, Elżbieta, and Agnieszka Pac. "Relative validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ in 3-year-old Polish children." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 8 (September 4, 2013): 1738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013002292.
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AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the relative validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ (SFFQ) which measures the usual dietary intake of 3-year-old children.DesignThe children's daily dietary intake was measured using the SFFQ. The average intake of three 24 h dietary recalls (24hDR) was calculated as a reference method. Wilcoxon's rank test and Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient were used to compare nutrient intakes assessed by both methods. The level of agreement between the SFFQ and the repeated 24hDR was determined by the Bland–Altman method. To assess the agreement in quartile distribution, the weighted kappa coefficient (κw) was used.SettingKrakow, Poland.SubjectsOne hundred and forty-three 3-year-old children and their mothers, participants of a prospective cohort study.ResultsOverall, the SFFQ overestimated energy and nutrient intakes compared with the repeated 24hDR. The median correlation coefficient for energy and nutrient intakes was 0·456, with higher results for Ca, P and riboflavin. Although theκwvalue showed only slight to fair agreement between the two methods, about 75 % of the children were classified into the same or adjacent quartile and the level of agreement assessed by the Bland–Altman method for most of the nutrients investigated was good.ConclusionsThe study indicated that the SFFQ might be a useful tool to assess dietary intakes of nutrients by small children, especially for ranking them according their nutrient intake.
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Abdelkader, Eslam Mohammed, Abobakr Al-Sakkaf, and Ghasan Alfalah. "Optimizing Material Selection Using a Hybridized Multi-attribute Decision Making Model." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (July 26, 2021): 404–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.36.
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Material selection is a very entangled and decisive stage in the design and development of products. There are large numbers of on hand and newly developed materials available in the market. In addition, inability to select the correct materials adversely affects the reputation and profitability of the company. Thus, designers need to study and trace the performance of available materials with appropriate functionalities. Thus, this research aims at establishing an efficient and systematic platform for the optimum selection of materials while accommodating the designated conflicting performance requirements. The developed model encompasses designing a hybrid decision support system in an attempt to circumvent the shortcomings of single multi-criteria decision making-based (MCDM) models. First, the objective relative importance weights of attributes are interpreted capitalizing on Shannon entropy algorithm. Then, an integrated model that encompasses the utilization of six different types of multi-criteria decision making algorithms is designed to create a reliable selection of material alternatives. The utilized MCDM algorithms comprise weighted product method (WPM), simple additive weighting (SAW), additive ratio assessment (ARAS), new combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS), complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Afterwards, COPELAND algorithm is exploited to generate a consensus and distinct ranking of material alternatives. Eventually, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis is used to evaluate the rankings obtained from the MCDM algorithms. Five numerical examples in diverse fields of material selection are tackled to examine the features and efficiency of the developed integrated model. Results illustrated that the developed model was able to solve the five material selection problems efficiently. On the other hand, no individual MCDM algorithm was able to solve all the assigned material selection problems. For instance, CODAS and TOPSIS only succeeded in solving one and two material selection problems, respectively. It was also inferred that notable differences and perturbations are encountered between the rankings of MCDM algorithms in the first, third, fourth and fifth numerical examples, which necessitates the implementation of COPELAND algorithm. It was also revealed that the highest correlation lied between COPRAS and WPM with an average Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 92.67%. On the other hand, the correlation between TOPSIS and CODAS attained the lowest rank with an average Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 18.95%. Results also demonstrated that COPRAS accomplished the highest Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with 59.54%. Hence, it is the most efficient MCDM algorithm among the five algorithms which can serve as a reference for solving material selection problems. It can be also deduced that CODAS and TOPSIS are not advised to be implemented in solving similar material selection problems.
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Hornik, Christoph, Ira Cheifetz, Andrew Lodge, George Ofori-Amanfo, and Awni Al-Subu. "Correlation between Regional Cerebral Saturation and Invasive Cardiac Index Monitoring after Heart Transplantation Surgery." Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care 07, no. 04 (June 11, 2018): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660788.
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AbstractThe present study assessed the correlations between cerebral regional saturation detected by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cardiac index (CI) measured by pulmonary artery catheter. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the cardiac intensive care unit in a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients younger than 18 years of age who underwent heart transplantation and had a pulmonary artery catheter on admission to the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit between January, 2010, and August, 2013, were included. There were no interventions. A total of 10 patients were included with median age of 14 years (range, 7–17). Indications for transplantation were dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 9) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (n = 1). Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), cerebral regional tissue saturation (rSO2), and CI were recorded hourly for 8 to 92 hours post-transplantation. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between SvO2 and cerebral rSO2 and between CI and cerebral rSO2. A total of 410 data points were collected. Median, 25th and 75th percentiles of cerebral rSO2, CI, and SvO2 were 65% (54–69), 2.9 L/min/m2 (2.2–4.0), and 75% (69–79), respectively. The correlation coefficient between cerebral rSO2 and CI was 0.104 (p = 0.034) and that for cerebral rSO2 and SvO2 was 0.11 (p = 0.029). The correlations between cerebral rSO2 and CI and between cerebral rSO2 and SvO2 were weak. Cerebral rSO2 as detected by NIRS may not be an accurate indicator of CI in critically ill patients.
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Koželj, Anton, Maja Strauss, and Matej Strnad. "Experiencing Stress among Nurses during Resuscitation Procedure and Legal Obligations for Healthcare Workers in Slovenia." Medicine Law & Society 13, no. 2 (2020): 237–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/mls.13.2.237-262.2020.
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Nurses are always part of the team that performs resuscitation procedures. In this paper the authors explore the influence that resuscitation procedures on nurses who perform them. For data collection, the authors used a survey with a convenience sample of nurses who work in emergency settings. For statistical processing of data, the authors used the calculation of frequency, standard deviation, means, and median. Authors used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and calculated the p-value. The respondents in the survey completed the Post-Code Stress Scale. The results show that the majority of the respondents experienced resuscitation cases as burdensome situations; however, the level of stress was moderate. Nurses still experience some physical and psychological symptoms during resuscitations.
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Sun, Ying, Jing-Qian Zhao, Yue-Ru Jiao, Jian Ren, Yan-Hong Zhou, Li Li, and Heng-Chen Yao. "Predictive value of leukocyte telomere length for the severity of coronary artery disease." Personalized Medicine 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2019-0152.
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Aim: This study aimed to explore leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in the prediction of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials & methods: A total of 359 CAD patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. Severity of coronary artery was assessed by Gensini score (GS). Results: LTL is negatively correlated with GS (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = -0.335; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that LTL was an independent predictor of high GS (p = 0.001). Area under the curve value of LTL for predicting high GS was 0.659 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: LTL could be considered as a potential predictor of the severity of coronary artery in patients with CAD.
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Salek, Soudabe, and Fatemeh Khoeini. "Studying the Relation between the Transformational Leadership and Employees Empowerment (Case Study of Bank Passargad of Iran)." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n2p61.
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The aim of this research is to investigate relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s empowerment working in Pasargad bank. Population under the study consists of all staff employees of Pasargad bank equals to 535 individuals. Research sample is of 204 individuals who have been selected by simple random sampling method. Instruments used for measuring the study include two standard questionnaires for transformational leadership and empowerment which enjoy considered validity and Stability. For analyzing research data, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient has been used and results indicated that there is a meaningful relationship between Idealized features, Idealized behavior, Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational Motivation, Individualized Consideration and employee’s empowerment. In other words, there is relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s empowerment.
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Batsi, Sophia, and Lisimachos P. Kondi. "Improved Temporal Pooling for Perceptual Video Quality Assessment Using VMAF." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 11 (January 26, 2020): 68–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-068.
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The Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) method, proposed by Netflix, offers an automated estimation of perceptual video quality for each frame of a video sequence. Then, the arithmetic mean of the per-frame quality measurements is taken by default, in order to obtain an estimate of the overall Quality of Experience (QoE) of the video sequence. In this paper, we validate the hypothesis that the arithmetic mean conceals the bad quality frames, leading to an overestimation of the provided quality. We also show that the Minkowski mean (appropriately parametrized) approximates well the subjectively measured QoE, providing superior Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCC), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), and Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) scores.
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Limpaphayom, Noppachart, Phatcharapa Osateerakun, Vajara Wilairatana, and Pairatch Prasongchin. "Anterior Greater Trochanteric Muscle Pedicle Bone Grafting: A Viable Graft Option Adjunct to Hip Osteotomy or Fracture Surgery." HIP International 27, no. 3 (May 2017): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000505.
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Introduction The objectives were to evaluate a technique, outcome and complications following anterior greater trochanteric with gluteus medius muscle pedicle bone graft (AMG) procedure in the treatment of adolescent and active adult hip disorders. Methods 20 patients (20 hips) with a mean age of 22.7 ± 15.6 (range 10.0-63.5) years who had undergone AMG and been followed up more than 12 months postoperative were retrospectively enrolled in our study. The AMG procedure was performed in conjunction with subcapital osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 12 and open reduction for fracture/dislocation in 8 hips. At the most recent evaluation, patient functional status was rated by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiographic changes were graded according to Tönnis criteria. Complications were defined as Tönnis grade >2 or hip requiring further surgery. Univariate analysis was used to explore factors associated with complications. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated between HHS and Tönnis grading. Results At mean follow-up of 4.4 ± 2.6 (range 1.1-9.5) years, mean HHS was 87.4. Tönnis grading was rated as 0 in 10 hips, 1 in 5 hips, 2 in 2 hips, and 3 in 3 hips. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head as a complication developed in 3 hips (15%). Clinical parameters including age at surgery, duration of follow-up and diagnosis were not significantly associated with postoperative complications. A negative correlation between HHS and Tönnis grade was shown by Spearman's rank correlation ( rs = −0.49, p = 0.03). Conclusions The AMG can be safely recommended as an adjunct bone graft procedure when performing anterior open reduction of adolescent and active adult hip disorders.
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Berwig, Luana, Ana da Silva, Eliane Corrêa, Eliane Serpa, and Rodrigo Ritzel. "Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 16, no. 02 (April 2012): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7162/s1809-97772012000200009.
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Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams. Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.
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Lee, Guo-She, Ching-Ping Wang, and Sherry Fu. "Evaluation of Hypernasality in Vowels Using Voice Low Tone to High Tone Ratio." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 46, no. 1 (January 2009): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-184.1.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR) is defined as the power ratio of low frequency to high frequency energy obtained by dividing the voice spectrum with a specific cutoff frequency. In a previous study, VLHR correlated significantly with nasalance and perceptual rating of hypernasality for a single vowel. The methodology was optimized in this study by investigating the correlations among other vowels. Design: Voice signals of six sustained vowels vocalized by subjects with hypernasality were collected. Vowel nasalance was obtained with a nasometer, and hypernasality rating scores were provided by two speech-language pathologists. The VLHRs calculated using different cutoff frequencies were correlated with nasalance and hypernasality rating scores. Participants: Eight subjects with hypernasality caused by palatal fistula or velopharyngeal insufficiency. Main Outcome Measures: VLHR, nasalance, and hypernasality rating score. Results: The correlation of VLHR with nasalance and hypernasality rating was most significant using a cutoff frequency of 600 Hz. The correlation of VLHR with nasalance was significant (r = .62, p < .01, Pearson's correlation), as was the correlation of VLHR with hypernasality score (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = .62, p < .01). Conclusions: VLHR correlated significantly with nasalance and hypernasality in the six sustained vowels and may provide another quantitative index for the evaluation of hypernasality in sustained vowels.
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Miłobędzka, A., and A. Muszyński. "Population dynamics of filamentous bacteria identified in Polish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 5 (December 23, 2014): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.512.
Full textAbstract:
A comprehensive study of the identity and population dynamics of filamentous bacteria in five Polish full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with nutrients removal had been carried out for 2 years. A quantitative culture-independent, molecular method – fluorescence in situ hybridization – was applied to evaluate the structure of different filamentous bacteria populations and their temporal variations. Activated sludge was examined for the abundance of 11 groups of filamentous bacteria. On average, filaments constituted 28% of all bacteria. All samples presented a low diversity of probe-defined filamentous bacteria, usually with significant domination of Chloroflexi (with distinction to types 1851, 0803 and others) and/or Microthrix (14% and 7% of EUBmix, respectively). Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Mycolata, Skermania piniformis and TM7 were less abundant, whereas Curvibacter, Thiothrix/021N and family Gordonia have not been detected in any of the samples. The tested WWTPs showed similarity among species found and differences in their abundance. The composition of filamentous populations was rather stable in each plant and similar to those found in other European countries. Little differences between plants were shown by multivariate analysis of variance in terms of Chloroflexi and Microthrix. No significant general correlations have been found with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Medium correlation strength between the presence of different filaments was recorded only for Microthrix and Skermania piniformis. Deleterious effect on settling properties of sludge (measured as sludge volume index) was found only for abundance of Microthrix; a strong linear correlation was recorded between them. However, no other correlations with wastewater and operational data were revealed.