Dissertations / Theses: 'Special Breach of Trust'

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Wu, Ying-Chieh. "Dispositions in breach of trust : a comparison of English and Japanese responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540234.

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Warrick, Carolyn Bosta. "An investigation of the effects of breach of confidentiality of adolescents' level of trust." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618464.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breach of confidentiality on adolescents' level of trust using a pretest/posttest control group experimental design. The study used a normal population of eighth grade middle school students enrolled in average regular education classes in the Hampton Public School System. The initial sample consisted of 162 students (123 of which completed the entire study), designated as high or low trusters based on their scores on Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale, who were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups, and the groups randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment conditions (Full Justification, Minimal Justification and Control), with high and low trusters equally distributed.;Dependent variables of trust and self-disclosure were assessed by Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale, Jourard's Self-Disclosure Questionnaire, and the High School Personality Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Five research hypotheses were tested to determine whether there would be significant differences at the.05 level among groups, and whether there would be differential effects between high and low trusters.;The data analysis found no statistically significant differences among groups on the variables of trust, self-disclosure and the 14 factors assessing personality functioning on the High School Personality Questionnaire. There was a significant time effect for self-disclosure, with students, regardless of group, reporting a higher level of self-disclosure at posttest. There also was a significant differential effect between high and low trusters, on the trust measure and on two factors of the High School Personality Questionnaire (Cheerfulness and Withdrawal), with high trusters showing a decrease in their scores and low trusters showing an increase in their scores.;Further research is needed to verify the results of this study. Recommendations include the replication and extension of this study by increasing the sample size; using special populations of students such as unmotivated gifted students or potential dropouts; using students who actually seek assistance from counselors for personal problems rather than relying on volunteers; and varying the counseling style as well as sex of the counselor and student in the videotape presentation.

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Rever-Moriyama, Sandra D. "Do unto others, the role of psychological contract breach, violation, justice, and trust on retaliation behaviours." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ47911.pdf.

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Hale, Kimberly D. "Building Trust: The Recipe for Success." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7033.

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Mallet, Monica M. "Exploring the value of trust between teams of special education teachers and paraprofessionals." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10256282.

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This phenomenological study explores the value of trust between teams of special education teachers and paraprofessionals. The study delves into their lived experiences, focusing on characteristics and behaviors that build, sustain, destroy and restore trust between them. There are multiple studies on trust in education, however, there is relatively little literature published on the value of trust among individuals committed to providing support for transition-aged students within various Los Angeles County school districts. Existing theories and models on trust have similar characteristics that span across diverse industries. As a result, clear-cut guidelines have enabled members of a team to be aware of how trust impacts their working environment. Purposive sampling provided teams of special education professionals who possessed a depth of knowledge of the subject matter and experience in the classroom. Individual face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants focusing on how they make meaning of the role and value of trust with their special education colleagues. As a result, 165 coded passages were grouped into the following nine themes: (a) characteristics of a trustworthy colleague, (b) importance of trust, (c) outcome of trust, (d) outcome of a lack of trust, (e) building trust, (f) sustaining trust, (g) destroying trust and (h) restoring trust. Two study conclusions emerged. Conclusion one, trust increases communication, respect and collaboration between special education colleagues, as well as enhances student success. Conclusion two, a lack of trust negatively impacts the special education environment, as well as relevant stakeholders, which include: students, parents, special education teachers, paraprofessionals and administrators. Recommendations include participation in team development trainings, as well as personal and professional development that focus on acquiring the characteristics of a trustworthy colleague. Additionally, special education professionals benefit from establishing a shared primary focus of student success. Moreover, the onus of setting the tone of trust falls on the special education teacher. Lastly, special education professionals should relinquish the characteristics that diminish trust. This study provides researchers and professionals in the field of special education with insight into the tools needed to have better working relationships so that they can effectively serve special needs students.

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Blessley, Misty Palmer. "SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: DISCOVERIES ON HOW MANAGERS MANAGE AND THE CONDITIONS TO COLLABORATION." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/256155.

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Business Administration/Marketing
Ph.D.
This paper studies managerial behavior in inter-firm supply chain relationships. I first answer two questions: When a firm outsources to a 3PL, a firm that provide multiple logistics services for use by customers, what is the impact on the managerial functions that the outsourcing firm carries out on an ongoing basis? How do the managerial functions impact the relationship of managerial competence on supply chain performance? These questions are answered via the examination of a sample of companies operating in the US and international markets who purchase services from 3PL providers. I find that the ongoing management of outsourcing partially mediates the relationship of managerial competence on supply chain performance. The higher the managerial competence, the less time spent managing established outsourcing relationships. This negative association holds, whether the firm does or does not employ the services of a 4PL, a firm that organizes 3rd party logistics providers. This study also finds that of the managerial functions of planning, coordinating, leading, educating, and monitoring, that only monitoring is significant with respect to managerial competence levels. Managerial units with moderate or high competence levels are about two times as likely to monitor their relationships with their 3PL providers, as managerial units with lower competence levels. Supply chain managers concentrate their monitoring efforts on client/provider relationships, based upon their view of these relationships. The managerial units with moderate or high competence levels are two times as likely to monitor when they have a least favorable view, as opposed to when they have a moderate or more favorable view. The supply chain managers who measure lower in competence make no such adjustment in time spent monitoring their client's performance, regardless of their view of the client/provider relationships. The findings just discussed spurred two additional studies in which I explore and test the importance of trust in collaborative supply chain relationships (CSCRs). The first is done via 19 semi-structured interviews with supply chain managers, while the second utilizes 50 surveys. Particular attention was paid to assessing only those managers in collaborative, as opposed to arms-length relationships. From the results of the interviews I provide a taxonomy for understanding trust signals in new CSCRs. I also obtain a number of thick descriptions for understanding what constitutes psychological contract breach (PCB), the operational and relational expectations of the customer in the collaboration, and a contemporary view of the goals of supply chain collaboration. These results were incorporated into the scales utilized in the survey research and have been validated. In each of the two studies, I carry out hypothesis testing, which reveals that initial trust is important to decrease feelings of psychological contract breach, whether the respondent is the customer or the supplier to the relationship. However, in one case PCB is felt more strongly when the respondent speaks of his collaborative supplier for all levels of initial trust. In the other, it is felt more strongly in reference to the customer, given higher levels of initial trust. Once PCB has occurred, meeting operational expectations alone is not sufficient to instill feelings of goal achievement; meeting relational expectations is also required. Continuing on with PCB, I find that its magnitude and established trust are important factors in the extension of continued trust and future collaborative intentions. For all magnitudes of PCB, the higher the established trust, the higher the subsequent trust up to a tipping point, at which point trust diminishes. Intentions to remain in the collaborative relationship, additionally, are subject to a tipping point. Last but not least, I establish an association between the importance of trust and the just distribution of rewards. By examining the payoff structures of actual supply chain collaborations, however, I find that rewards are not always shared equally. My research makes a unique internally-focused contribution to the literature. It looks at a firm's supply chain managerial unit as a driver of firm performance in outsourcing relationships. Additionally, it looks at the process the managerial units goes through in extending initial trust to a collaborative partner, how it moves beyond any psychological contract breaches that might occur, and the rewards the collaborative partner receives as an outcome of the collaborative effort.
Temple University--Theses

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Lane, Danielle. "Autism and Inclusion in England’s Multi Academy Trust: A Case Study of a Senior Leadership Team." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7836.

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In this study, I explore how the senior leadership team at an Academy Trust in England understands and operationalizes inclusion, particularly for pupils whose learning profile includes autism. England’s policies regarding inclusion appear to focus on the placement of pupils with disabilities in the mainstream provision; however, the Academy Trust, a specialist provision, suggests their school is inclusive. Gaining insight into the senior leadership team’s understandings and operationalization of inclusion will provide further understandings of inclusion in Multi Academy Trusts that are specialist provisions. In this study, I examine the understandings of eight members of a senior leadership team at a Multi Academy Trust. Participants were recruited through the Director of Research and Development at the Trust during their regularly scheduled meetings. Data were collected and triangulated though interviews, document reviews, and a focus group. Data was analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis. This study highlights the importance of strategic planning, Trust structure, pupil placement, curriculum, and evaluation systems in operationalizing inclusions for pupils with disabilities including autism. The findings also suggest inclusion, for senior leaders at the Multi Academy Trust, means meeting the individual needs of pupils, facilitating pupil voice, facilitating a sense of belonging, promoting independence, and maximizing pupil potential.

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Vostal, Margaret. "Collegial Trust for School Improvement: A Case Study of K-12 General and Special Education Teachers." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1605004493242711.

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Villamonte, Cornejo Gabriela Fiorella. "El Certificado de Participación como instrumento de Garantía dentro del Fideicomiso Inmobiliario en el Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625986.

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El trabajo de investigación denominado “El Certificado de Participación como Instrumento de Garantía dentro del Fideicomiso Inmobiliario en el Perú”, pretende ser un aporte a las ciencias jurídicas donde se desarrolla de manera concreta y sucinta el papel que juega el “Certificado de Participación” en los fideicomisos inmobiliarios en nuestro país. Si bien el fideicomiso inmobiliario presenta grandes ventajas, pues se constituye como una garantía en favor del banco que le presta dinero a la empresa inmobiliaria para la ejecución de su proyecto inmobiliario, no sucede lo mismo cuando las entidades financieras otorgan créditos hipotecarios a terceros para que puedan adquirir, en dicho proyecto, unidades inmobiliarias que aún no se encuentran independizadas (bienes futuros) y están aún bajo dominio fiduciario, ya que hasta que pueda constituirse la garantía hipotecaria, la única garantía que reciben del adquirente dichas entidades financieras por el desembolso del préstamo, es el “Certificado de Participación”. El trabajo de investigación trata sobre los problemas que conlleva para las entidades financieras la ejecución de los Certificados de Participación ante un eventual incumplimiento de pago de los deudores de créditos hipotecarios y plantea alternativas de solución para una mejor aplicación de esta herramienta en el negocio inmobiliario.
The investigation named “The Certificate of Participation as an Instrument of Guarantee in the Real Estate Trust in Perú” develops a concrete support for juridical science and clearly expresses the importance of the “certificates of participation” role in regards to real estate trusts in our country. Real estate trusts present great advantages as they can serve as a guarantee for bank loans used to carry out projects. The latter does not hold true for financial entities who grant third parties mortgage credits to execute said projects. For Real estate units who are not yet independent (future goods) and are under a trustee domain, the only guarantee financial entities receive is the disbursements of the loan which is detailed in the “certificates of participation”. This investigation explores the problems faced by financial entities under the execution of the certificates of participation in the event of a breach in payment of mortgage credit to debtors and raises alternative solutions for more advantageous application of this instrument in real estate business.
Trabajo de investigación

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Bou, Assaf Nicole, Cunha Cassia Carvalho, and Christian Kubista. "Special Events on Facebook : The relationship of online subculture, eWOM, eTrust, and purchase intention." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15487.

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Purpose: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the relationship of online subcultures, electronic trust, electronic word-of-mouth, and purchase intention towards a special event within selected Facebook Pages. Background: Given the increasing impact of social media platforms in communications not only between consumers, but also consumers and companies, this study takes a deeper look at the influence that companies can exercise on consumer’s purchase intention for a special event through these platforms. The background is based on previous researches and existent theories related to products, which are tested for a special event. Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of this study a cross-sectional design is applied. A deductive approach is followed, and a quantitative method is used through the application of questionnaires in order to collect the empirical data necessary to answer the given research questions. The questionnaires were distributed to the selected sample, which is anyone who “likes” the following Facebook Pages: Sweden Rock Festival, Göteborg Horse Show, Hultsfred, and Swedish Speedway Grand Prix. Conclusion: Based on the background a modest to strong relationship was expected between the measured variables. This however has been disconfirmed by the results, thus showing a weaker relationship than has been previously tested with regards to a product. The main finding is that when it comes to special events, the organizer is seen as a more reliable source, thus it is more influential than fellow members of the Facebook Page.

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Ibarra, Garza Rafael. "La protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund : (étude comparée : Droit français-Droit anglais)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020012/document.

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La constitution d’une fiducie-trust a comme effet la création d’une universalité juridique, le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. De cette universalité, les bénéficiaires-cestuis que trusts tirent les avantages que le constituant-settlor a prévu pour eux ; ainsi pour qu’ils puissent obtenir leurs avantages, il faut que le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund soit en bon état. D’où l’importance d’avoir des moyens adéquates qui protègent le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Dans le cas contraire, les possibilités que le but d’une fiducie-trust déterminée soit réalisé se réduisent, et l'efficacité de l'ensemble de l'institution est remise en question. La protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund commence par des moyens qui évitent à cette universalité d’être endommagée. Puisque toute action, comme toute inaction du fiduciaire-trustee, peut avoir des effets négatifs sur le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, il faut empêcher qu’il endommage cette universalité. A l’égard du fiduciaire-trustee, le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund encourt deux dangers : non seulement que le fiduciaire-trustee agisse dans un intérêt autre que celui des cestuis que trusts, mais aussi qu’il soit négligent dans l’exécution de ses obligations. Pour faire face à ces dangers, et empêcher que le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund soit endommagé par le fiduciaire-trustee, deux obligations lui sont imposées : le devoir de loyauté-duty of loyalty et le devoir de diligence-duty of care. D’autre part, si le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund peut être endommagé par le fiduciaire-trustee, il peut aussi être endommagé par des tiers. La protection à l’égard des tiers commence en faisant du fiduciaire-trustee le titulaire des droits mis en fiducie-trust (s’il s’agit d’une propriété, il sera propriétaire ; s’il s’agit d’une créance, il sera créancier) ; elle se poursuit en rendant les biens fiduciés, et donc le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, indépendants du patrimoine du fiduciaire-trustee.Bien qu’il existe des moyens préventifs de protection du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, ces moyens ne sont pas infaillibles. Ainsi, quand le patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund est endommagé, il est nécessaire que le constituant et les bénéficiaires-cestuis que trusts disposent de recours pour faire face aux préjudices soufferts par cette universalité. Parmi les moyens curatifs de protection, on en trouve de nature personnelle : ceux dont les remèdes visent l’exécution en nature de la fiducie-trust et ceux qui visent la réparation du patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Pour réparer le dommage causé au patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, on trouve aussi des remèdes de nature réelle. Si le droit anglais offre de vrais remèdes réels, en revanche le droit français offre de « faux » remèdes réels puisque, même si ces remèdes ne sont pas stricto sensu des remèdes réels, ils ont des effets analogues aux remèdes du droit anglais
The constitution of a fiducie-trust has the effect of creating a patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. Because the beneficiaries obtain their benefits from the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund it has to be in a condition that permits them to obtain those benefits. Hence the importance of having adequate means to protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund starts by preventing it from being harmed. Since any action or any inaction of the fiduciaire-trustee can have negative effects on the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund, it is necessary to begin by protecting it from the fiduciaire-trustee. There are two situations which have been proven to be dangerous to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund: a) when the fiduciaire-trustee acts in an interest other than that of those of the beneficiaries and b) when the fiduciaire-trustee is negligent in the performance of his obligations. To cope with these two problems and to prevent the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from being damaged by the fiduciaire-trustee, two obligations are imposed upon him: a) the devoir de loyauté-duty of loyalty and b) the devoir de diligence-duty of care. If the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund is at risk of the actions of the fiduciaire-trustee, it is also at risk of the actions of third parties. The protection of the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from third parties begin by the ownership of the fiduciaire-trustee and continues by separating the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund from the personal property of the fiduciaire-trustee. Because the preventive measures that protect the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund are not infallible, it is necessary that the constituant and the beneficiaries have access to legal remedies for when the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund has been damaged. Among the remedial protection are those of personal nature, including remedies for specific enforcement of the fiducie-trust and those that tend to repair the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund. To repair the damage caused to the patrimoine fiduciaire-trust fund there are also real remedies. If English law provides true real remedies, in contrast to French law offers "fake" real remedies because even if the nature of those remedies are not strictly real, they have similar effects to those offered by English law

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Pennycuff, Lisa Lee. "The impact of the academic component of Response to Intervention on collective efficacy, parents' trust in schools, referrals for special education, and student achievement." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618803.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation status of Response to Intervention (RtI) in the elementary schools (N = 35) in one urban school district in Virginia. The relationship between the implementation of the academic components of RtI, collective efficacy, parents' trust in schools, the number of referrals for special education, and student achievement was also investigated. The factor analysis revealed that RtI for Academics included Universal Screening, Effective Instruction/Tiered Interventions, and Progress Monitoring. Family Involvement was determined to be a separate construct made up of two factors, Family Engagement and Physical Presence. The implementation status of this district indicated that the schools were between early and full implementation of RtI for Academics. RtI for Academics was found to be significantly correlated with teachers' perceptions of the impact of RtI on the reduction of the number of referrals for special education (r = .41, p < .05) when controlling for the socio-economic status of the students. The district mean score for Family Engagement indicated that parents are engaged in their children's education. Parents' responses regarding their Physical Presence in the schools ranged from neutral to agree. In this study, Family Engagement was found to be significantly correlated with Physical Presence, collective efficacy, and parents' trust in schools. Parents' Trust was found to be made up of four factors: (1) Trust in the Teacher, (2) Trust in Administration, (3) Trust in High Standards, and (4) Trust in School Safety. Finally, the Multiple Regression revealed that these variables when found collectively in schools explain 27% of the variance in student achievement.

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BIAGIOTTI, ALICE. "LA FIDUCIA NEL RAPPORTO DI LAVORO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40636.

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Il presente elaborato si occupa di analizzare la rilevanza che l’elemento fiduciario assume nell’ambito del rapporto di lavoro. Con il termine fiducia, depurato da implicazioni moralistiche, si intende l’aspetto relazione dello scambio contrattuale, che investe non solo il tradizionale legame tra datore di lavoro e lavoratore ma anche tra gli stessi lavoratori. A tal proposito, la fiducia si ricollega, giuridicamente, al concetto di collaborazione: al lavorare assieme ad altri e con altri. Pertanto nella fase di svolgimento del rapporto di lavoro, le parti devono tenere un comportamento ispirato a istanze etiche e solidaristiche. Secondo quest’ottica, la fiducia coniugata agli obblighi di diligenza e di fedeltà, orienta, in particolare modo, il comportamento del debitore nel suo poter essere considerato un “buon lavoratore”. In tal senso, essa permea in toto anche la disciplina del recesso. Ogni volta che viene posto in essere un inadempimento grave, infatti, si “rompe” il legame fiduciario, non essendo più possibile per il datore di lavoro contare su una leale collaborazione del suo dipendente nei successivi adempimenti. Tuttavia, il concetto di fiducia potrebbe assumere, a fronte delle nuove realtà aziendali, un significato ulteriore.
This paper deals with the analysis of the importance that the trust takes within the context of the employment relationship. The term trust, after removing the moral implications, refers to the relational aspect of the contractual exchange that affects the traditional link between employer and employee but also between the workers themselves. In this regard, and in legal terms, trust is linked to the concept of collaboration: to work together and with others. Therefore in the phase of the employment relationship the parties must behave in a manner inspired by ethical and societal concerns. According to this view, trust combined with the obligations of diligence and fidelity, directs, in particular, the behavior of the debtor in his/her capacity to be considered a good worker. In this sense it permeates the discipline of dismissal. Every time a serious breach is committed, trust is broken, because the employer cannot count on the loyal collaboration of the employee for subsequent obligations. However, the concept of trust could take on a new meaning in the face of new corporate situations.

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Fleiner, Suzanne. "Asset-backed securitization : analysis of the special purpose entity structure under the legal systems of Switzerland and of the United States of America /." Zürich : Schulthess Jur. Medien, 2007. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00190515.pdf.

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Le, Moulec Eliaz. "Pour un renouvellement du système répressif dit des atteintes juridiques aux biens." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G001.

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Les atteintes juridiques aux biens représentent une part considérable de l’activité criminelle. Les incriminations qui permettent de les sanctionner sont donc appelées à jouer un rôle essentiel. Leur ancienneté aussi bien que leur importance contribuent à expliquer la véritable valeur de modèle qui leur est attribuée par la doctrine pénaliste. Dépassant les limites du droit pénal spécial, elles ont gagné, dans les ouvrages de droit pénal général, le statut d’exemples récurrents. N’est-ce pas le vol, l’escroquerie et l’abus de confiance que la doctrine invoque traditionnellement pour illustrer respectivement les notions d’infraction simple, d’infraction complexe et de condition préalable ? Il n’est pourtant pas certain que ces incriminations soient véritablement à la hauteur de ce rôle « d’exemplarité » que l’on prétend leur faire jouer. Une étude de la littérature donne à voir, au contraire, un pan du droit pénal où les critiques sont devenues aussi nombreuses que puissantes. Le droit de blâmer librement, dont dispose la doctrine selon le professeur GARÇON, y est utilisé à grande mesure. Surtout, il semble n’épargner aucun acteur de la construction juridique : la doctrine ne doute pas seulement de l’œuvre législative et jurisprudentielle mais aussi profondément d’elle-même. Cette thèse envisage alors un renouvellement du système répressif dit des atteintes juridiques aux biens, en puisant notamment, pour ce faire, dans les ressources du droit civil et du droit comparé. Tirant les enseignements d’une étude historique préalable, elle appréhende son objet à l’image d’un système astral constitué d’un cœur autour duquel gravitent des éléments qui le complètent. Elle peut alors initier le renouvellement escompté à partir des incriminations fondamentales de vol et d’abus de confiance qui forment ce cœur et dégager des principes dont elle étudie et traite ensuite les répercussions sur l’ensemble du système
Juridical infringements to property represent a considerable part of criminal activity. The incriminations which can enable to punish them have, therefore, to play an essential role. Their significant lifespan as well as their importance contribute to explain their real value as a model, assigned to them by the criminal doctrine. Going beyond the limits of special criminal law, they won, in the general criminal law publications, the status of recurrent examples. Isn’t it to robbery, swindle, and breach of trust that the doctrine traditionally appeal to illustrate respectively the notions of unique offence, of complex offence and of condition precedent? However, it is not sure that those incriminations are truly up to this role of “exemplary nature”, that one claims to make them have. A study of the literature shows, on the contrary, a part of the criminal law where the critics have become extremely numerous and powerful. The right to blame freely, that the doctrine has, according to the Professor GARÇON, is used a lot. In particular, it doesn’t seem to spare any player of the juridical construction: the doctrine doesn’t only doubts the legislative and jurisprudential work, but it also deeply doubts itself. This thesis therefore considers a renewal of the repressive system, said of the juridical infringements to property, by especially using the resources of the civil and comparative law. Drawing lessons from a former historical study, it apprehends its object like an astral system made of a heart around which gravitate some elements that complete it. It is then able to initiate the expected renewal, on the basis of the fundamental incriminations of robbery and breach of trust which form this heart, and draw principles of which it studies and deals with the repercussions on the whole system

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Tonnby, Loredana, and Liza Vennerqvist. "För att skapa en relation behöver man bygga upp ett förtroende : En kvalitativ studie om relationers betydelse i specialpedagogens roll som handledare." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22393.

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I denna studie undersöker vi specialpedagogers tankar kring relationers betydelse i deras roll som handledare för lärare. Vi utforskar även relationella faktorer som främjar ett bra samarbete med lärare. Vår teoretiska förankring är relationell pedagogik och studien tar utgångspunkt i såväl svensk som internationell forskning i ämnet. Undersökningsmetoden vi använder är kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem specialpedagoger i skola och förskola. Resultaten av intervjuerna sammanställs och presenteras utifrån fyra teman som vi funnit i svaren från specialpedagogerna. I innehållsanalysen och tolkningen av resultaten utgår vi ifrån vår valda teori, relationell pedagogik, och i vår diskussion tar vi avstamp utifrån litteratur om perspektiv på handledning samt tidigare forskning om relationskompetens inom handledningssituationer. Resultaten i vår studie belyser att samtliga specialpedagoger framhåller att goda relationer mellan dem och de handledda pedagogerna är en viktig del i deras arbete. Vidare indikerar resultaten att dialog och samtal är avgörande för att skapa relationer. Att skapa förtroende, vara ödmjuk, uppmuntrande, lyhörd, inlyssnande, nyfiken, tydlig, respektera varandra samt vara genuint intresserad av vad pedagogerna har att säga, är några relationella faktorer som specialpedagogerna anser vara viktiga att bemästra för att skapa och bygga relationer med de lärare som de handleder. En annan upptäckt som görs i studien är att relationsskapandet för specialpedagogen är en kombination mellan ontologisk och instrumentell relationsorientering, (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017), samt en kombination mellan "det mellanmänskliga" och " det sociala" inom relationer (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). Det vill säga relationer byggs och upprätthålls genom att specialpedagogerna är tillmötesgående och genom spontana samtal där man lär känna varandra på ett personligt och naturligt sätt. Samtidigt anser de att man måste vara tydlig, göra några avgränsningar och visa varandra respekt. Här arbetar specialpedagogerna målmedvetet med att skapa relationer med syftet att få ett bra samarbete med lärarna för att hitta lösningar till deras gemensamma elever.
In this study, we examine special educationals needs co-ordinators (SENCO) thoughts about the importance of relationships in their role as coaches for teachers. We also explore relational factors that promote good collaboration with teachers. Our theoretical foundation is relational pedagogy and the study is based on both Swedish and international research in the subject. The research method method we use is qualitative, semi-structured interviews with five SENCOs in school and preschool. The results of the interviews are compiled and presented based on four themes that we have found in the answers from the SENCOs. In the content analysis and interpretation of the results, is based on our chosen theory, relational pedagogy, and in our discussion is based on literature on perspectives on coaching and previous research on relational competence in coaching situations. The results of our study highlight that all SENCOs emphasize that good relations between them and the educators they coach are an important part of their work. Furthermore, the results indicate that dialogue and conversation are crucial for creating relationships. Creating trust, being humble, encouraging, responsive, listening, curious, clear, respecting each other and being genuinely interested in what educators have to say, are some relational factors that SENCO consider important to master in creating and building relationships with teachers they coach. A conclusion drawn in the study is that for a SENCO building relations means a combination between ontological and instrumental relationship orientation (Kullenberg & Eksath, 2017) and a combination of "the interpersonal" and "the social" in relationships (Bubers teori i Aspelin, 2016). That is, relationships are built and maintained by the SENCOs being accommodating and through spontaneous conversations where you get to know each other in a personal and natural way. At the same time, they believe that you have to be clear, make some boundaries and show each other respect. Here, the SENCOs work purposefully to create relationships with the aim of having a good collaboration with the teachers to find solutions for their common students.

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17

Diallo, Abdoulaye. "Protection de l’entrepreneur individuel et droits des créanciers : étude comparée droit français-droit de l’OHADA." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3013/document.

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Au regard du principe de l'unité du patrimoine, l'entrepreneur individuel engage tout son patrimoine. En cas de survenance de difficultés, ses créanciers pourront saisir ses biens professionnels et ses biens personnels. Cette responsabilité illimitée de l'entrepreneur individuel peut avoir des conséquences redoutables, notamment lorsqu'il est marié ou pacsé ou vivant en concubinage. Cette fragilité de l'entrepreneur individuel a poussé le législateur, aussi bien en droit français qu'en droit de l'OHADA, à créer des mécanismes lui permettant de mettre son patrimoine personnel à l'abri de la poursuite de ses créanciers professionnels. Ainsi, en dehors de toute affectation sociétaire, l'entrepreneur individuel peut, désormais, en droit français, soustraire ses biens personnels du droit de gage de ses créanciers professionnels, par le biais de la déclaration notariée d'insaisissabilité ou par le recours au statut de l'EIRL. Également, par le jeu des régimes matrimoniaux ou de la technique de la fiducie, il peut limiter les droits de ses créanciers. Cependant, l'efficacité des mécanismes de protection de l'entrepreneur individuel n'est pas absolue. En effet, elle est souvent remise en cause par les créanciers antérieurs, et même par l'entrepreneur individuel qui peut y renoncer, parfois dans le but d'obtenir du crédit. En outre, lorsque l'entrepreneur individuel est soumis à une procédure collective, l'efficacité des mécanismes de protection n'est que relative. Le cloisonnement des patrimoines recherché ou la soustraction de certains biens personnels du gage des créanciers est remis en cause. Dès lors, la protection qu'offrent ces mécanismes n'est que illusoire, d'où la nécessité de renforcer leur efficacité. A défaut de mécanismes de protection efficaces, l'entrepreneur individuel peut recourir aux différentes procédures de prévention comme alternative aux mécanismes de protection
With regard to the principle of the system of assets, the individual entrepreneur take on all his assets. In case problems occur, his creditors could seize his personal properties and business assets. This unlimited liability of the individual entrepreneur might have serious consequences, especially when he is married, in a civil partnership or in concubinage. The individual entrepreneur's fragility has encouraged the legislature, in the French as well as in the OHADA law, to create mechanisms that would give him the opportunity to put his personal assets immune from the judicial proceedings of his professional creditors. Thus, apart from any associate's appropriation, the individual entrepreneur is now able, under the French law, to keep his personal assets out of his profesional creditors' right of forfeit, through the notarized statement from seizure or the option of the EIRL. Equally, through the matrimonial systems or the technique of the trust, he may limit the rights of his creditors. However, the effectiveness of the mechanisms of protection of the individual entrepreneur is not absolute. Indeed, it is often put into question by former creditors, and even the individual entrepreneur who sometimes may renounce to it in order to get credit. Moreover, when the individual entrepreneur is subjected to a collective proceeding, the effectiveness of the protection is only but relative. The partition of expected assets or the exemption of certain personal belongings from the creditors' forfeit is questioned. Therefore, the protection offered by these mechanisms is only but fallacious, hence the need to strengthen their effectiveness. In the absence of effective mechanisms of protection, the individual entrepreneur may resort to the different procedures of prevention as an alternative to the mechanisms of protection

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Nallet, Antoine. "La notion d'universalité, étude de droit civil." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D240%26selfsize%3D1.

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La notion d’universalité se présente sous l’angle d’une distinction entre l’universalité de droit et l’universalité de fait. Cette opposition, héritage de la tradition, a été, en droit moderne, coulée dans des objets juridiques nouveaux. L’universalité de droit, assimilée à la notion de patrimoine, s’identifie grâce à l’idée de corrélation actif/passif ; l’universalité de fait à l’idée de collection de biens qui se réifie. Devenue familière, cette distinction souffre de quelques paradoxes qui compliquent son insertion dans le droit civil. Contrairement à l’idée affirmée en doctrine, la corrélation actif/passif n’est pas le seul élément d’identité de l’universalité de droit. Comprise, en droit moderne, à partir de la théorie du patrimoine d’Aubry et Rau, elle se différencie également de l’idée de bien. Toutefois, le législateur contemporain, à travers les mécanismes de l’EIRL et de la Fiducie, a consacré l’idée d’une universalité cessible, donc objet de droit.La convergence des deux formes d’universalités vers l’idée de choses appropriées justifie de revenir sur la théorie des universalités et d’interroger le bienfondé de cette distinction. De cette analyse, il ressort que le siège réel de l’universalité correspond à l’idée d’ensemble de biens, qui se réifie. Ce résultat est rendu possible grâce à la communauté d’affectation déterminée par le propriétaire des biens. Il va, par ce fait, créer une interdépendance fonctionnelle entre les différents biens.La structure de l’universalité rend délicate l’appréhension de son régime. Toutefois, sa qualification de bien permet de constater qu’elle s’insère facilement dans la théorie générale des biens, même si quelques ajustements sont nécessaires du fait de son caractère universel. C’est tout un pan du droit des biens qui se trouve saisi par une conception monolithique de l’universalité
In French law, the issue of universitas is usually approached from the universitas juris versus universitas rerum perspective. Universitas juris is the totality of the rights and liabilities of a person regarding its asset; by contrast, universitas rerum is understood as a totality of objects treated in one or more respects as a whole in law. However, in modern law, this traditional dichotomy merged into new subject-matters.Indeed, through the mechanisms such as “Individual Enterprises of Limited Responsibility” and “Trust”, French legislation dedicated, as a new subject-matter, the concept of “transferable” universitas. As a consequence, contrary to the prevailing doctrine, the interrelationship between asset and liability appears not to be the only element of identification of universitas juris. Based on that observation, the commonly enforced distinction between universitas juris and universitas rerum raises legal paradoxes and reveals not to be fit to the modern french civil law.The convergence of the two forms of universitas emphasizes the relevance of the “theory of universitas” while questioning the merits of such dualism. It thus appears that the focal point of universitas must be located in the notion of “proprietary rights”. This is made possible through the upstream definition of a special-purpose asset by the owner, allowing a functional interdependence between different goods treated as an indivisible whole by the law.Concerning its regime, the universitas qualification as a “proprietary right” shows that it fits easily into “the general theory of property law”, even if some adjustments are necessary. It is an entire branch of property law grasped by a monolithic conception of universitas

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Delor, Pierre. "Les services à domicile pour les personnes âgées et les personnes handicapées : solvabilisation de l’accès aux services et protection des bénéficiaires." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20004/document.

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Depuis une cinquantaine d’années l’action sociale en faveur des personnes âgées et des personnes handicapées s’est construite par empilements successifs de dispositifs législatifs et réglementaires sans une volonté d’harmonisation et de cohérence.Les services à domicile, sanitaires ou médico-sociaux, créés ces vingt dernières années n’échappent pas à ce mouvement, qu’ils soient en direction des enfants ou des adultes handicapés, ou des personnes âgées.Cette thèse fait l’état de ce qui existe en recherchant comment les bénéficiaires utilisateurs ont accès aux services, par leurs propres moyens financiers, par un financement public ou par le biais de la solidarité nationale. Des propositions de simplification des dispositifs, de mise en cohérence entre eux sont faites pour permettre un plus large accès.La recherche de la protection des bénéficiaires y est présente notamment d’une part, par la qualité du service, dans l’étude des processus de professionnalisation des acteurs à travers leur formation ou l’organisation professionnelle du secteur. D’autre part, la protection des bénéficiaires est également étudiée sous l’angle des dispositifs juridiques existants, pour lesquels il semble nécessaire d’y apporter un renforcement. Enfin, pour développer le soutien aux aidants familiaux, pilier essentiel de la prise en compte de la dépendance des personnes âgées et des personnes handicapées, il faut modifier le droit actuel
Since fifty years the social action for the elderly and disabled persons has been built by successive stacks of legislation and regulations without desire for harmonization and consistency.Home services created in the last twenty years are no exception to this trend, whether towards children and adults with disabilities and the elderly, health or medico-social.This thesis is the state that exists by searching how recipient users have access to services through their own financial resources, through public funding or through national solidarity. Proposals for simplification of the devices, to ensure consistency between them are made to allow wider access.The search for the protection of beneficiaries is present, especially in the study of processes of professionalization, through training or professional organization of the sector. Proposals are made there. The protection of beneficiaries is also studied in terms of existing legal frameworks, where it seems necessary to make it stronger. Finally to expand the support for family caregivers, an essential pillar of taking into account the dependence of the elderly and disabled persons, we have to change the current law

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Palvadeau, Émmanuelle. "Le contrat en droit pénal." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40048/document.

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En tant que « pilier de l’ordre juridique », le contrat n’est pas ignoré du droit pénal. Incontestablement présent dans d’innombrables incriminations, le contrat fait toutefois l’objet de conceptions particulières que la doctrine relève ponctuellement comme autant de marques d’autonomie de la matière. Mais la présentation du contrat en droit pénal par le simple constat de solutions autonomes ne peut suffire, qui ne permet pas de déterminer, de manière positive et rationnelle, ce en quoi le contrat consiste en droit pénal.En refusant de lui transposer l’ensemble du régime contractuel, le droit positif semble pourtant formuler le principe d’une sélection que la finalité du droit pénal peut éclairer de manière décisive. Le contrat en droit pénal apparaît alors, qui résulte ainsi d’une sélection fonctionnelle des dispositions du régime contractuel : seules celles assurant la finalité du droit pénal doivent être caractérisées
As a « bedrock of the legal order », the contract is not ignored by criminal law. Unquestionably present in many offences, the contract is the object of specific conceptions that the doctrine find here and there as signs of the autonomy of criminal law.However, the presentation of the contract in criminal law through the statement of fact that autonomous solutions exist, is not sufficient. It doesn’t allow establishment in a positive and rational way, the real definition of the contract in criminal law.By refusing transposition of the entire contractual settlement, current law expresses the principle of a selection and that the purpose of criminal law may clarify it in a decisive way.Then, the contract in criminal law appears, resulting of a functional selection from the dispositions of contractual settlement: only the ones which maintain the aim of criminal law must be distinguished

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Rabut, Gaëlle. "Le préjudice en droit pénal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0173/document.

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Le préjudice est une notion qui appartient classiquement à la matière civile. Figuretraditionnelle et incontournable de cette discipline, le préjudice suscite aujourd’hui l’engouement desspécialistes de la matière. Face à ce phénomène, les pénalistes sont légitimes à s’interroger sur laplace du préjudice en droit pénal. Si le concept est peu utilisé dans cette matière, il n’est toutefois pastotalement inconnu. Cependant, l’étude du préjudice en droit pénal devra révéler l’absence de placepour cette notion en droit répressif. Cette différence entre le droit civil et le droit pénal s’explique parles finalités distinctes qui animent les deux disciplines. Alors que le droit civil a pour objectif laréparation des préjudices soufferts individuellement, le droit pénal est guidé par l’impératif deprotection de l’intérêt général par le maintien de l’ordre public.Ainsi, le préjudice n’a, d’une part, pas de place dans la théorie de l’infraction. Il n’est pris encompte ni dans le processus de création des incriminations, ni dans celui de leur qualification. Lepréjudice n’est pas un élément constitutif de l’infraction, et n’équivaut ainsi pas au résultatinfractionnel. D’autre part, le préjudice n’a qu’une place limitée dans la théorie de l’action en droitpénal. S’il apparaît comme une condition de recevabilité de l’action civile exercée devant lesjuridictions répressives, c’est parce que celle-ci se présente comme une action en responsabilitécivile, à vocation uniquement réparatrice. En revanche, le préjudice n’est pas une condition de l’actionpénale en répression de l’infraction
The notion of prejudice habitually falls within the boundaries of civil law. As a traditionaland inescapable feature of this discipline, prejudice is today sparking off heated debates amongspecialists. Confronted with this new trend, criminal law experts can rightfully wonder about the placeof prejudice in criminal law. If the concept is little used in this law area, it is nonetheless not totallyunknown. However, the study of prejudice in criminal law will have to prove the irrelevance of thisnotion in that regard. This difference between civil and criminal law can be accounted for by thedistinct purposes of these two areas of the law. Whereas civil law aims at seeking redress for harminflicted on individuals, criminal law is guided by the imperative need to protect general interestthrough the maintenance of law and order.Thus, prejudice does not fall within the scope of the criminal offence theory. It is neither taken intoaccount in the process of defining offences by the lawmaker nor in the classification of the offence bythe trial court. Prejudice is not a constituent part of the infringement and thus is not tantamount to itsoutcome. Furthermore, the notion of prejudice plays a limited role in the theory of criminal lawprocedure. If prejudice appears as a condition governing the admissibility of a civil action brought incourt it is because it is perceived as a legal action for damages, for the sole purpose of monetarycompensation. On the other hand, prejudice is not a condition for criminal proceedings with thepurpose of punishing the offence

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Nguyen, Déborah. "Le statut des victimes dans la pratique des Juridictions Pénales Internationales." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30046/document.

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La reconnaissance du droit de participation et du droit à réparation des victimes est l’évolution la plus remarquable des dernières décennies dans le domaine des droits nationaux et dans le cadre de la justice pénale internationale. Les Juridictions Pénales Internationales construisent le statut des victimes. Confrontés à des concepts innovants, les juges doivent créer des précédents et organiser les modalités des droits des victimes. Ils doivent allier la coordination de la représentation légale de milliers de victimes avec les impératifs de la justice. Au vu des premières décisions, la place des victimes est acquise puisque les juges ont accepté leur participation. Cependant, leur interprétation des règles apporte de sérieuses restrictions aux droits des victimes dans la pratique. La participation des victimes n’est pas pleinement effective et leur réparation se révèle exceptionnelle. Ainsi, l’intérêt de l’étude de la jurisprudence réside dans la détermination du statut réel des victimes au sein des procès internationaux et l’importance des droits appliqués. Des évolutions positives sont possibles en faveur de la reconnaissance du statut de parties au procès et de l’effectivité des droits des victimes
The recognition of the right to participate and the right to reparation to the victimes is the most remarkable evolution of these last decades in the national laws and in the International Criminal Justice. The International Criminal Jurisdictions built the victims’ status. Confronted to innovative concepts, the judges have to create precedents and organise the modalities of the victim’s rights. They have to combine the coordination of the legal representation of thousands of victims with the necessity of justice. In view of the first decisions, the place of the victimes is established since the judges grant them the right to participate. However, their interpretation of the rules brings serious limitations to the rights of the victims in the practice. The victims’ participation is not fully applied and their reparation turns out to be exceptionnal. So, the interest of the jurisprudence study resides in the determination of the real status of the victims in the international trial and the importance of the granted rights. Positive evolutions can be made in favor of the recognition of the status of parties in the trial and the effectiveness of the rigths of the victims

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23

Noirot, Renaud. "Les dates de naissance des créances." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D016/document.

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C’est le droit des entreprises en difficulté qui a permis de mettre en évidence la complexité que pouvait revêtir la détermination de la date de naissance des créances. Or, celle-ci apparaît fondamentale en droit privé. Constituant le critère d’application de certains mécanismes juridiques, elle incarne l’existence de la créance et représente dès lors un enjeu pour toute règle de droit ayant celle-ci pour objet ou pour condition. Deux courants doctrinaux s’opposent, la thèse classique fixe la date de naissance au stade de la formation du contrat, tandis que des thèses modernes la fixent au stade de l’exécution du contrat. La thèse matérialiste, fondée sur le droit des entreprises en difficultés, fait naître la créance de prix au fur et à mesure de l’exécution de la contre-prestation. La thèse périodique, reposant sur une réflexion doctrinale quant aux contrats à exécution successive, fait renaître toutes les créances du contrat à chaque période contractuelle. L’examen des thèses moderne à l’aune des mécanismes juridique qui ne peuvent qu’incarner la véritable date de naissance de l’authentique créance aboutit à leur invalidité. La thèse classique se trouve donc à nouveau consacrée. Mais la résistance que lui oppose le droit des entreprises en difficulté ne peut reposer sur la technique d’une fiction juridique, car d’autres manifestations du même phénomène peuvent être mises en évidence en dehors de ce domaine. Un changement de paradigme s’impose donc pour résoudre le hiatus. Derrière ce phénomène persistant se cache en réalité une autre vision, une autre conception de la créance, la créance économique qui vient s’articuler avec la créance juridique dans le système de droit privé pour le compléter. La dualité des dates de naissance recèle donc en son sein une dualité du concept de créance lui-même, la créance juridique classique et la créance économique. La créance économique n’est pas un droit subjectif personnel. Elle n’est pas la créance juridique. Elle n’est pas autonome de la créance juridique et ne doit pas être confondue avec une créance née d’un cas d’enrichissement sans cause. La créance économique représente la valeur produite par le contrat au fur et à mesure de l’exécution de sa prestation caractéristique. Elle permet de corriger l’application ordinaire du concept de créance juridique par en assurant la fonction de corrélation des produits et des charges d’un bien ou d’une activité. Ses domaines d’application sont divers. Outre son utilisation dans les droits comptable et fiscal, la créance économique permet la détermination de la quotité cédée dans le cadre d’une cession de contrat, la détermination du gage constitué par un patrimoine d’affectation dans le cadre de la communauté légale, de l’EIRL ou encore de la fiducie, ainsi que la détermination du passif exempté de la discipline d’une procédure collective. Dans ces domaines, ce n’est donc pas la date de naissance de la créance juridique qui s’applique, mais la date de naissance de la créance économique. La cohérence du système de droit privé se trouve donc ainsi restaurée quant à la date de naissance de la créance
It is the laws governing companies experiencing difficulties which have revealed the complexity of determining the dates of the origination of the claims. And yet this appears to be fundamental in private law. As it constitutes the criterion for implementing certain legal mechanisms, it epitomizes the existence of the claim and hence represents a challenge for any rule of law in which the existence of this claim is a goal or condition. There are two conflicting doctrinal currents: the traditional approach sets the date of origination at the stage of the formation of the contract, while modern approaches situate it at the stage of the execution of the contract. The materialistic approach, based on the law governing companies experiencing difficulties, staggers the origination of the price debt over the period of the execution of the service. The periodical approach, which relies on a doctrinal reflection on successive execution contracts, is that of the re-origination of all the claims under the contract at each contractual period. An examination of the modern approaches, under the auspices of the legal mechanisms which can only epitomize the true date of origination of the authentic claim leads to the invalidity thereof. The traditional approach is therefore once again consecrated. But the resistance constituted by the laws governing companies in difficulty cannot rely on the technique of legal fiction, because other manifestations of the same phenomenon can be identified outside this domain. Therefore, a change of paradigm is in order if the hiatus is to be resolved. Behind this persistent phenomenon lies in fact another vision, another concept of the claim: the economic claim which, interwoven with the legal claim in the private law system, supplements it. The duality of the dates of origination therefore conceals in its bosom the duality of the very concept of a claim, the traditional legal claim and the economic claim. The economic claim is not a subjective personal right. It is not a legal claim. It is not autonomous of the legal claim and must not be confused with a claim originating in a case of unwarranted enrichment. The economic claim represents the value produced by the contract as the service which characterizes it is provided. It permits the rectification of the ordinary application of the concept of legal claim by ensuring the function of correlating the proceeds with the costs of a commodity or an activity. Its domains of application are varied. In addition to its use in accounting and fiscal law, the economic claim permits the determination of the portion transferred in the context of the transfer of a contract, the determination of the collateral consisting in a special-purpose fund in the context of a legal joint estate, a limited liability individual contractor or a trust, as well as the determination of the liabilities which escape the discipline of collective proceedings. In these domains, it is therefore not the date of origination of the legal claim which applies, but the date of origination of the economic claim. The coherence of the private law system is therefore restored as concerns the date of the origination of the claim

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LIN, TANG-WEI, and 林唐緯. "A Study on the Crime of Special Breach of Trust ─ Focusing on Related Party Transactions." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11673847982792768533.

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碩士
國立中正大學
財經法律學研究所
102
The major means of utilizing capital for the public are investment in stocks and deposit and borrowing from bank. They became the important and necessary tools in today's modern society. However, many economic and financial crimes are derived from the above situations, which result in the instability of social order and hinder economic development. Therefore, it’s necessary to enact the regulations of criminal punishment. To protect the lawful interests is the main purpose of the Criminal Code, so if we want to design the requirements of criminal law appropriately, the first step is to explore what the lawful interests are. Moreover, to avoid the collapse of firms and banking systems, it’s important to design the requirements carefully. The requirements of special breach of trust in Paragraph1, Subparagraph 3 of Article 171 of the Securities and Exchange Act and Article 125-2 of the Bank Act are similar with Article 342 of Criminal Code, but they're entirely different from the purposes and effects in Criminal Code. Therefore, it’s better to apply to special breach of trust under our Securities and Exchange Act strictly. Related party transaction is the main type of the breach of trust. The main core concepts are from fiduciary duty which is closely related to the nature of the breach of trust. In short, the most important thing is to apply those basic core concepts interactively. This paper will discuss the requirements of special breach of trust in the Securities and Exchange Act and provide the direction of improvement to compliance with the system of justice.

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WENG, CHIAO-HUNG, and 翁僑鴻. "Research on the Offenses of Special Breach of Trust of Securities and Exchange Act Article 171." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3348nc.

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碩士
亞洲大學
財經法律學系
107
At present, controversial issues arising from Article 171 of the Securities Exchange Act. The main reason is that the original legislature considered that securities crimes of corporate governance crimes frequently occurred, in the past. The operators of enterprise often used their powers to short-sell company assets, which seriously affected the stability of corporate governance and financial markets and damaged the rights of investors. Thus, the legislature believed that the formulation of this law can achieve the effect of punishment, and avoid crime of Corporate. Therefore, for the above reasons, the legislator has enacted the provisions of Section 171, paragraph 2, “non-arm's length transaction” and Section 3 “the Breach of Trust Crime” of the Securities Exchange Act, and has increased the criminal liability of this law. The legislature hopes to achieve the effect of stopping corporate crimes through this law, but now it has caused serious problems in this law. According to the author's research and investigation, the serious problem in the law is the result of the original legislative process. However, the legislature did not notice the problems in this law and once again raised the penalties of Article 171 of the Securities Exchange Law. As a result, Article 171 of the current Securities Exchange Law has many problems and difficulties in theory or practice, and has led to legal risks and criminal liabilities in corporate governance. Finally, the author analyzes the problems of Article 171 of the Securities Exchange Law from the perspective of jurisprudence and legal principles, and provides research suggestions. It is expected that this study will be helpful to the issue of Article 171 of the Securities Exchange Act.

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Li, Yung-Jui, and 李永瑞. "A Study on the Crime of Special Breach of Trust Crisscross Substantive Law and Procedural Law." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18770316960534598055.

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博士
東海大學
法律學系
102
Article 171 Paragraph 1 Subparagraph 2(hereafter called this subparagraph)of the Securities Exchange Act of Taiwan was added on 19 July 1990(so called the Crime of Non-arm’s Length Transaction). The first case convicted and affirmed by the Supreme Court is the famous case of Landmine Stocks, Procomp Case, Case No.Taishang-Tzu 6782(2009). However, according to the exploration of the legislative history and legislative cause of this subparagraph, we can find out the act that the legislators wanted to prohibit is the Corporation’s Responsible Persons transfer the benefits of the corporation’s assets which make the corporation suffered damage, real namely ”Misappropriation of Corporation’s Assets”. In other words, it is the Crime of Special Breach of Trust, and the legal good which the act infringed is “the Corporation’s Property Interests” rather than “the Transaction Order of Securities Market”. Additionally, the punish model of the Crime of Special Breach of Trust in Taiwan is excessive strict and needless duplication, it should be rethought and remodeled. On the other hand, While the Corporation’s Responsible Persons filing a defense motion of “Business Judgment Rule” in a criminal procedure, the prosecutor or the defendant who should take the Burden of Proof? It is a complex question crisscross Substantive Law and Procedural Law. Start from the point of the legal dimension, this research will carrying on the study of “Misappropriation of Corporation’s Assets” and “Business Judgment Rule” its essence and burden of proof, with Case Research, Philosophy Research and Comparative Research, through comparing Japanese Law and American Law.

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Neville, Lukas. "The Consequences of Interpersonal Forgiveness Following Trust Breach." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7585.

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In organizational life, trust breach is a common but destructive phenomenon. This dissertation explores how a prosocial, virtuous response to trust breach -- interpersonal forgiveness -- might influence the behaviour and attitudes of teams and their members in the wake of such a breach. In a series of three manuscripts, the dissertation looks at the consequences of forgiveness for the person perceived to have broken a victim’s trust (the transgressor), and for the teammates who observe the breach and the response that follows it. Forgiveness is described as playing two important roles. For transgressors, we describe forgiveness as a favour, drawing on social exchange theory to argue that forgiveness triggers reciprocal helping directed at both the victim and the team at large. And for teammates, we argue that forgiveness serves as a powerful signal, communicating the cohesion and efficacy of the group. These predictions are tested experimentally with a laboratory study of transgressor-victim dyads (Chapter 2) and of transgressor-victim-teammate triads (Chapter 3), and a series of two vignette studies from the perspective of teammate observers (Chapter 4). Focusing on the linkages between forgiveness and justice, each study considers the interaction between forgiveness various transgressor-initiated and victim-initiated attempts at restoring justice, including apologies, punishment, and restorative justice practices. Chapter 5 discusses the mixed support found for our predictions, considers how the limitations of our studies might be addressed, and introduces a series of directions for future research.
Thesis (Ph.D, Management) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-27 19:40:29.248

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ChuanTsai, Tzu, and 蔡梓詮. "The Essence of Breach of Trust and The Risk Behavior." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v4ga3k.

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碩士
國立成功大學
法律學系
107
TThis article sorts out the German discussion on the element of abuse of authority and the element of violate of trust in the interpretation of the study, and carefully clarifies the differences in the scope of application between the two. And pointed out the blind spots in the application of abuse of authority theory in Taiwan.In addition, this article organizes the development history of the abuse of authority theory and the violate of trust theory. According to this organization, it is pointed out that the theory of abuse of authority and the history of the crime of breach of trust are contradictory. Finally, based on the above discussion, it is concluded that the most appropriate distinction between the breach of trust and the offenses of criminal conversion. Discuss how to distinguish whether an act is a legitimate economic operation of another person's property or a criminal behavior of a breach of trust in a risky behavior that is associated with a risk of economic loss. First, discuss the evaluation of the violation of the task and the relationship between the consent of the element of the crime including the impact of shareholders' meeting resolutions on risk behavior evaluation. Then, discuss the identification time of property damage, the relationship between property risk and property value, and the application of subjective damage of property damage in the determination of property damage. Key words: breach of trust, abuse of authority, risk behavior, property damage

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29

Wang, Yu-Ching, and 王郁菁. "Psychological Contract Breach and Workplace Deviance: The Mediation of Cynicism and Trust." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5vv25h.

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碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院管理科學學程
104
This study was aimed to explore the relationship between psychological contract breach and workplace deviant behaviors. In addition, it also examined the mediation effect of cynicism, organizational trust, and trust in leader on the above relationship. A sample of 156 employees from various industries provided data in a questionnaire survey for hypothesis testing. The results showed that there were: (1) a positive correlation between psychological contract breach and employee cynicism, (2) a negative correlation between cynicism and workplace deviance, (3) a mediation effect of cynicism on the contract breach—workplace deviance relationship, (4) a negative correlation between psychological contract breach and trust (both trust in organization and in leader), (5) a negative correlation between organizational trust and workplace deviance, (6) a mediation effect of organizational trust on the contract breach—workplace deviance relationship, (7) a negative correlation between psychological contract breach and trust in leader, (8) a lack of correlation between trust in leader and workplace deviance, and ( 9) a lack of mediation effect of trust in leader on the contract breach—workplace deviance relationship. According to the above findings, managers should work to satisfy employees’ expectations of psychological contract starting from the stage of selection full employment stage in order to avoid their mistrust and cynicism and eventually prevent them from taking deviant actions on their jobs.

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Li, Wun-chang, and 李文彰. "The Financial Crime of Bank Employee – Focus on Breach of Trust and Embezzlement." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37wsma.

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31

Liao, Chih-Chieh, and 廖治傑. "Ecomoic crimes, Study crime concept of breach of trust by regulation and connotation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65968302457207021771.

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碩士
世新大學
法律學研究所(含碩專班)
97
The present paper topic is Discusses from the economic crimes breaks a promise the crime stipulation and the connotation, is breaks a promise the crime stipulation under the discussion economic crimes and the connotation in the practice utilization. This article altogether divides into six chapters, in the first chapter of introduction explained research motive, the goal and the method and the sixth chapter of conclusion in the present paper proposed conclusion and suggestion. The second chapter elaboration takes this article subject from the economic crimes behavior essence for the starting point the research and the discussion start, but studies the scope and the method is decided of logic analysis the question point of contention which presents in the motive and the goal, after discusses the scope mainly lies in the economic crimes the institute possibly to cause breaks a promise the crime criminality, including the economic crimes and the law profit protection relations, and because of proposed on the concrete academic theory opinion and the practice legal precedent already produced about breaks a promise the crime constitution important document question, by took clear revealed and concentrates goal of the present paper research. The third chapter elaboration breaks a promise the crime constitution important document analysis and the self-criticism, march which this chapter elaborates, will face the law profit protection the nature and the connotation, and will do with the Japanese law legal precedent on compares, the attempt will stand on the system surface, to the criminal law property protection system guiding principle and the construction design, will try to make the all-around understanding, and will propose this article comparison research attainment.Also anticipated in the future time, for our country criminal law property protection system, will be able to have the further development, the foundation brand-new aspect. Fourth chapter in discusses the Japanese law related to break a promise stipulation of and the constitution important document structure the crime state, and does with in our country criminal law law structure compares, why understands the difference between both countries? Breaks a promise the crime law by the time to Japan to be able a deeper understanding. The fifth chapter selection supreme court in view of the written judgment case which breaks a promise, the affiliation understands point of contention elaboration and the position between the litigant and the court.Regarding these cases, specially emphatically in the property charge constitution important document, perhaps the dispute question explanation and the analysis, did not propose this article year to year puzzles the punishment legal community regarding these the dispute question, has any unique unique interpretation; But is the hope can because of enumerate several important dispute questions, clear appears the different scholar regarding our country criminal law property protection system overall design, and different charge each other relations localization.Uses the different dispute, by Lian the Chengmian technique, makes a more thorough scoring to our country criminal law property protection system present situation.

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Chan, Jung-kuo, and 鄭榮國. "The Financial Crime of Bank Employee─ Focus on Fraud and Breach of Trust." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13711619514183297159.

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碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
99
Bank is an important channel for money flow in financial system, and therefore well-operated bank can help stabilize the social economy. The major sources of profit for banks are the interest of credit business and the handling fee of asset management. Once bad debt occurs during the credit business transaction, not only will the bank suffer loss, but also the social wealth. In this case, the bank’s employee who operates the transaction may commit a breach of trust and violate Article 342 of the Criminal Code, and should be prosecuted by the enforcement authority. The bankruptcy of the American forth largest investment bank Leman Brothers in September 2008 has caused massive losses to investors. The subsequent dispute of structured note is that whether the banks or financial consultant intentionally deceive or not, while risk originally exists in investment of financial products. Besides the banks’ civil liability for indemnity, examining whether the selling of structure note is eligible for fraud by Article 339 of Criminal Code would provide better protection for investor’s property. It is common in our daily life to face telephone frauds, religious frauds, insurance frauds and judicial frauds in which the fraudster deceives the victim so as to obtain financial gain. In asset management business, if financial consultant fails to meet the obligations of knowing customers, suitability principal and offering appropriate instructions, he may also be seen as committing fraud. Since there are frequent business activities nowadays, it is usual to have other people to take care of one’s properties due to legal or actual reasons. The person who commits a breach of trust shall be punished due to his violation of the obligation of taking care of principal’s properties (abuse and breach of entrust). Although the credit business is transacted according to the 5P principals, it still involves great risk to the banks’ properties (fiduciary properties). As for such risky transaction (including actual transaction failure), it shall apply to ‘tolerance principal’ if there is no criminal intention. Both Fraud and breach of trust are property crimes in our country’s Criminal Code, of which the related articles aim to protect the right of property. Any improper act by financial people in developing the bank’s business shall be punished based on two principals, namely punishment ‘should be’ and ‘need to’, so as to avoid over crime in the society.

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Chu, Mei-Hua, and 朱美樺. "An review of the essence and constituent elements of Crime of breach of trust－also on the problem of the application of the joint principal offender of Crime of breach of trust." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16111178531670346255.

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碩士
中原大學
財經法律研究所
101
As current economic activities become more various, Crime of breach of trust in Criminal Law also have difficulties in explication and application since it has not been modified since its enactment. A person who acts “contrary to his duties” commits Crime of breach of trust. It is hard to make judgments by such unclear description which also leads to problems of the application of other property crimes. In the process of economic activities, it is still doubtful to judge damages caused by decisions made by people with decision-making authority merely from property loss for the damages are difficult to evaluate at once. In addition, it needs to be further discussed that the relationship and applications between the significant subjective elements regarded by objective facts and the deliberate intention to make profits and to harm. In consequence, the research is aimed at the existent problems of Crime of breach of trust in explication and application. From the essences of Crime of breach of trust and judgment of the acts contrary to duties to recognition of damaged property and problems of subjective element, the research is to propose the ways to explain and modify the law, and to solve the existent problems of Crime of breach of trust with reference from Japan. On the other hand, a third person often helps the person handling affairs to complete the mission in the cases of Crime of breach of trust. The third person does not have the identity as the person handling affairs; they trade with each other for their own interests. The relationship between them is inverse and tense. Actually, it's constraints on economic activity, in case easy to judge the person who oppose to the perpetrator of the accomplice of Crime of breach of trust. There is judgment using the "opposite" of the concept to exclude the person who oppose to the perpetrator of the accomplice, but the judgment is in doubt. Therefore, with the reference of practices in Japan and academic discussions, the research is aim to improve the application of the accomplice of Crime of breach of trust in Taiwan.

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Cheng, An-Yu, and 鄭安宇. "The Legal Responsibilities of Tunneling:The Offenses of Breach of Trust and The Business Judgment Rule." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37180578475872176560.

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35

CHEN, BI-YING, and 陳碧瑩. "The Corporate Crime of False Financial Reporting - Breach of Trust, Loan Fraud or Irregular Transaction Cases." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/753s5u.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
105
Economic crime comes in many versions in a public company. Making false financial reporting is one of the means to carry out corporate crime, including breach of trust, loan fraud, and irregular transaction. These crimes are usually complicated and done by knowledgeable professionals. When the crimes are revealed to the public by news report, the effects can be wide-ranging, including impact on society's socio-economic situation. To try to prevent these white-collar crimes from happening, corporate governance is the best strategy for early prevention, and judicial proceeding can be viewed as a last-ditch effort for further assistance. This thesis analyzes the motivation and the purpose of criminal defendants in making false financial reporting. Based upon the fact and the opinion of six selected cases which resulted in conviction, this thesis examines how the defendant commits breach of trust, loan fraud and irregular transaction by making false financial reporting. Financial reporting is supposed to reflect performance of any business. This thesis argues that making false financial reporting may appear to be a trivial and victimless crime, but actually it typifies corporate mis-governance and is a good example of corporate criminality. This thesis adopts criminological theory to examine why defendants commit corporate crime by making misstatement in their financial reporting. Furthermore, this thesis argues that the application of severe punishment only has a limited effect in preventing corporate criminality. Rather, emphasis needs to be placed on precaution and corporate governance; effective governance acts as a suitable control system for the company. Specifically, a company must follow generally accepted accounting rules to enhance transparency and reliability when compiling its financial reporting. Thus, efforts at fraudulent mis-statements can be reduced and company competency increased.

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36

Huang, Meng-Shan, and 黃孟珊. "A Study on the Determination of Criminal Breach of Trust Influenced by the Business Judgment Rule." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84137601374276391999.

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碩士
國立中正大學
會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班
101
The amendment of corporation law in November, 2001 added section 1 of Article 23, introducing the concept of fiduciary duty. The rationale interprets that “ By referring to common law, this amendment added the concepts of duty of loyalty and duty of care …”. However, it is unclear if the Business Judgment Rule was introduced to our corporation law along with the concepts of fiduciary duty contemporaneously. U.S. courts are reluctant to second guess if directors’ business judgment and strategy are successful or not, instead they develop the “ the Business Judgment Rule”. The rule shields corporate directors and officers from liability for disinterestedness or harmful corporate transactions if they were made in good faith, with due care, within the directors’ or officers’ authority and wasting no corporate asset. The rule is a presumption that can protect directors from charge of misconduct as long as the conduct attributes to any rational business practice. Can the court apply the Business Judgment Rule when dealing with suits involving violation of criminal breach of trust by directors? Are there relevant precedents in common law? The issues like these are all disputable both in practice and in theory, thus are worthy of further discussion. This article would like to provide instruction, analysis and bring up recommendations on these topics for future research. Firstly, in chapter II, I would like to introduce the basic concepts of the Business Judgment Rule. Secondly, in chapter III, the application of the Business Judgment Rule will also be introduced. Thirdly, chapter IV analyzes Article 342 of Taiwan’s Criminal Code. Finally, chapter V introduces the application of the Business Judgment Rule in criminal breach of trust. This article also draws a conclusion that although the judge could not properly apply the Business Judgment Rule in criminal cases, they probably could still extract the elements of the Business Judgment Rule and transform them in the objective and subjective perspectives of criminal breach of trust. As a matter of fact, the Business Judgment Rule can reform the controversy if it is correctly applied by judges.

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37

Wu, Chih-Chiang, and 吳志強. "The Reconstruction of The Common and Special Breach of Trustfulness in Economically Criminal Law." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04274909513967136288.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
99
It is considered that the purpose of punishing the common breach of trustfulness is different from the special breach of trustfulness. The former is in order to protect the personal property and the latter is in order to maintain the order of economic and finance. Nevertheless, observing the clause with the theory of legal interest or norm, history, policy and capitalism could find that the “full” of the legal interest of full property has another meaning. This article renews the meaning of the common breach of trustfulness in criminal law and explanation that the common breach of trustfulness in criminal law actually acts as the front and defensive norm of the order of economic and finance. The precondition of applying to the clause is that the principal requires the trustee to handle the propertied affairs with others. The intrinsic quality of the clause must apply the limited range of breaching trustfulness. Because the function of special breach of trustfulness in special criminal law could replace the common breach of trustfulness in common criminal law and other crimes could be returned to embezzlement and fraud or other types of crime, this article suggests that the legislators should abolish the common breach of trustfulness in common criminal law to prevent the clause only becomes the tool of litigation and ease the situation of hypertrophy in criminal law. In the special breach of trustfulness in special criminal law, this article give an example about section 125-2 of Bank Act to investigate that the application of subject, illegal behavior and the function of business judgment rule in criminal law. This article considers that although the judge could not properly apply the BJR in criminal case, the judge probably could extract elements of BJR and place these into the intent of the actor to accomplish the alienation of BJR.

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38

JAN, REN-HAU, and 詹人豪. "A Study on the Comparison of Breach of Trust in Criminal Code and in Seven Financial Laws." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f7np4b.

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碩士
銘傳大學
法律學系碩士班
106
On January 13th 2004, the so-called tseven financial lawsa were passed in Taiwan. The so-called an. The soawsa were p”alled an. The soawsa were passed, Financial Holding Company Act, Insurance Act, The Act Governing Bills Finance Business, Trust Enterprise Act, and The Credit Cooperatives Act of The Republic of China. This amendment, besides adds the new types of criminal crimes on each original structures of seven financial laws, and specifies the criminal subjects of special breach of trust in financial laws and regulations, furthermore, substantially increases the punishments of existing crimes, such as fixed-term imprisonment, fine, forfeiture or force collection of the crime income or benefits as well as extension of labor service. This amendment, tending to aggravate the punishment, seems to illustrate the economic status when seven laws amended-gradually serious financial crimes. The government declared to the public that the government protects the financial order by amendment and the meaning to keep the market stable. However, other than legislative purposes – demonstrating that the government started concerning the financial criminal crimes, was there any other special meaning? Or it was merely same idea enacted in different laws? Did this amendment cause any difficulties when courts applied the amendment? Was it necessary to have "special breach of trust" specified in financial laws? On the other hand, it is worth discussing that whether the changes of practice and the explanation before/after the amendment are reasonable and appropriate. Furthermore, when reviewing the practical judgments which concerning normal as well as special breach of trust, it could be found that when a judge determines whether a behavior violates in special breach of trust of financial laws, the judge and the attorney of the defendant constantly mention “The Business Judgment Rule” as a basis of their defense or judgment. Some of them consider “The Business Judgment Rule” shall be an elements of crime when determine whether a behavior breach the duty; another apply “The Business Judgment Rule”to explain that the burden of proof shall be borne by the prosecutors. But the criminal cases in America didn’t apply “The Business Judgment Rule.” Is there any contradiction if our courts take this rule as a basis of criminal judgment? What kinds of attitudes do the scholars of criminal law have? These are necessary questions and need to be discussed. This study first will introduce the legislative purpose, history, crime elements of breach of trust in criminal law; further, this study will analyze the legislative purpose, history, crime elements of breach of trust in financial laws. What’s more, this study will introduce the “The Business Judgment Rule” and special breach of trust in comparative law. The following are the chapters of this study: Chapter 1 Motives, purpose, method, scope and limitation of the study Chapter 2 Legislative purpose, history, legally protected interest and crime elements of breach of trust in criminal law Chapter3 Legislative purpose, history, legally protected interest and crime elements of special breach of trust in financial laws Chapter4 The application and scholars opinion on “The Business Judgment Rule” Chapter5 The court’s adjudication’s on “on the Comparison of Breach of Trust in Criminal Code and in Seven Financial Laws” Chapter6 Conclusion

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39

Chen, Yi-Ting, and 陳怡婷. "The Study of Employees’ Perceptions towards Atypical Employees, Psychological Contract Breach, Trust and Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46476859792221390337.

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碩士
國防管理學院
資源管理研究所
95
This study is to explore employees’ perception of psychological contract breach and their perception towards organization’s strategy of employing atypical employees. It also analyzes the relationships between employees’ psychological contract breach and their attitudes and behaviors. The mediating effect of trust between psychological contract breach and employees’ attitudes and behaviors is examined. Samples of this study are selected from the industries of technology, electron, manufacture, services, and finance. Using the method of purposive sampling, this study mails questionnaire to employees who work with atypical employees and collects total of 299 usable sample data. By employing the softwares of SPSS 10.0 and AMSO 4.0 to implement exploratory factor analysis, descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis, hypotheses in this study are tested. The results found that: (1) when employees consider the organization employing atypical employees as workforce flexiblilty, they are likely to perceive atypical employee employment as benefiticial; (2) when employees perceive higher level of psychological contract breach, they are likely to have higher level of turnover intention, lower level of citizen virtue and lower level of in-role performance; (3) trust has a partial mediating effect between psychological contract breach and turnover intention and in-role performance. However, trust doesn’t have a mediating effect between psychological contract and citizen virtue. Finally, based on the results in this study, we suggest that managers should consider employees’ perceiptions towards atypical employees as an important indicator. Using communication strategy, it will then reduce the level of employees’ insecurity, psychology contract breach, and turnover intention and increase the level of citizen virtue and in-role performance. Because of the important role of trust, mangers could fulfill psychological contract and gain higer level of employees’ trust in the organization.

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40

Chen, Chun-Hao, and 陳俊豪. "The study of influence of psychological contract breach and violation on public servant’s organizational trust and job performance." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83490402382305175903.

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碩士
銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士班
99
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of psychological contract breach on public servant’s attitude and perception. The new performance rating policy in public sector is considered to be the reason that make public servant have a feeling of psychological contract breach. This study tries to examine the relationship among psychological contract breach, psychological contract violation, organizational trust, knowledge sharing, affective commitment, intent to stay and job performance. This paper also tries to explore whether high quality of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange can reduce public servant’s feeling of psychological contract breach. Finally, we explore whether perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange moderated the relationship between psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation. This study was conducted by questionnaire survey method, and received 263 valid samples. This research uses regression model to test the hypothesis we explore. The statistical results show that: 1. psychological contract breach negatively affects organizational trust and affective commitment. 2. perceived organizational support positively affects public servants’ organizational trust, affective commitment, intent to stay and job performance. 3. leader-member exchange positively affects public servants’ organizational trust and job performance. 4. perceived organizational support reduce the intense of psychological contract breach on public servants. 5. perceived organizational support moderated the relationship between psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation.

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Chang, Ching-Yuan, and 張淨媛. "Whether Real Transaction Matters - Non-arm's Length Transaction and the Breach of Trust Crime in Taiwan’s Security Law." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7g5df5.

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碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院科技法律學程
103
As the economic crime of corporate corruption emerged, including draining funds and misappropriating company assets ,the ”special breach of trustfulness in securities “of Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 3 of Article 171 of the ROC Securities and Exchange Act was added and promulgated on 28 April ,2004 to maintain the order of economic , finance and business activity , while protecting the widespread investors. In the recent criminal judgments, some courts hold that the ” special breach of trustfulness in securities” should be clearly distinguished from the “non-arm’s length transaction” of Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 2 of Article 171 of the Securities and Exchange Act, for the reason that the restriction of the Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 2 of Article 171 specification range was limited to the real transaction , with Paragraph 1, Subparagraph 3 of Article 171 is limited to wash sales. Also some courts hold that if the transaction with the appearance of trading activity was virtually a harmful trading, and apparently was different from the general trading should be regulated by the “non-arm’s length transaction” “.It is still pending that can we apply the type of transaction to the judgments of the “non-arm’s length transaction” and the ”special breach of trustfulness in securities “. This article is aimed to analysis the constitution, the legal interest, the legislative purposes and the penalties concurrence of the non-arm’s length transaction and the special breach of trustfulness in Securities, and to investigate the controversy between the theories and the criminal cases to try to propose the recommendations to settle the legal dispute.

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42

Tsai, Shing-Hua, and 蔡幸樺. "A study of the relationships between psychological contract breach and violation－ Person-Organization Fit and Organizational Trust perspective." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06710644851971620845.

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碩士
長榮大學
企業管理研究所
95
Most of psychological contract researches focus on the negative effect of employee behavior after their psychological contract has been breached. However, the researches that discuss the factors that influence the psychological contract are far from sufficient. Thus, this study proposed that the variable “Personal-Organization Fit” is the factor that has influence on psychological contract, and discusses the relationship between Personal-Organization Fit and Psychological Contract Breach. This study examines how person-organization fit affects employees'' perceptions about how their psychological contract has been breached by their organization, and whether this perception would cause employees to experience the feelings of contract violation or not. Besides, in this study, a distinction was made between contract breach and contract violation, and a model was developed to depict the process of how an individual moves from perceiving a contract breach to experience a contract violation, and which has effect on attitudes and behaviors. We proposed the variable “organization trust” as an Evaluative process variable, which can moderate the strength of the relationship between contract breach and violation. Data were obtained 360 samples sourcing from internet web-based questionnaires and hard-copy questionnaires. In the antecedent analysis of psychological contract breach, the results show that the prediction of person-organization fit is significantly and negatively related to psychological contract breach. In addition, the effect analysis between psychological contract breach and violation shows that psychological contract breach is significantly and positively related to psychological contract violation. In the moderating effect of organization trust, the result shows that organization trust is significantly moderated by the effect of psychological contract breach and violation. Make the propositions, future research could follow this structure to investigate in practice and the managers could more understand what their employee focus on based on the study.

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43

Ho, Haiao-Ching, and 何曉菁. "The Effect of Perceived Psychological Contract Breach on Workplace Deviance Behavior-Information Seeking Behavior and Trust Repair as Moderators." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78850048880700215090.

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碩士
國防大學管理學院
資源管理及決策研究所
98
During the past two decades, plenty of papers claim that perceived psychological contract breach is associated to workplace deviance behavior, few attempts can be found that the individual will use the trust or information seeking behaviors to change the procedure of self-recognize. The purpose of this study is to explore the moderation role of information seeking behavior and trust repair that may affect the relationship between perceived psychological contract breach and workplace deviance behaviors. Totally, the valid questionnaires from 136 supervisors and 358 subordinates of military units are collected and analyzed. The empirical results are as followers: Firstly, the perceived psychological contract breach of subordinates will positively affect organizational deviance behavior and the moderation effect of information seeking behavior is significant. Secondly, the perceived psychological contract breach of subordinates will positively affect interpersonal deviance behavior, but the moderation effect of information seeking behavior on the relationship between perceived psychological contract breach and interpersonal deviance behavior is not significant. Thirdly, the moderation effect of trust repair on the relationship between perceived psychological contract breach and organizational/interpersonal deviance behavior is not significant. Finally, we propose some managerial and practical implications.

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44

Alves, Vanda Guerreiro. "Abusus tollit usum? Proposta de um modelo de análise dos efeitos contraproducentes da confiança nas organizações." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4146.

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É amplamente reconhecido que a confiança entre os indivíduos, grupos e as organizações é benéfica para o desempenho e constitui uma âncora ética para os negócios. Contudo, há indícios de que a relação entre a confiança e o desempenho não é directa nem linear, o que nos levou a explorar as circunstâncias em que a confiança pode ser contraproducente. O estudo de natureza exploratória e qualitativa, partiu da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas realizadas junto de dez interlocutores privilegiados e indiciou ser difícil assumir que a confiança tem uma influência directa no desempenho, pois tanto na literatura como nesta pesquisa empírica é notória a existência de efeitos de moderação e mediação por outras variáveis. Um resultado contra-intuitivo deste estudo reside na possibilidade do abuso de confiança poder cumprir funções de interesse organizacional de acordo com factores contingenciais. Esta possibilidade teórica surge sobretudo em organizações com elevada necessidade de flexibilidade. Por último parece haver um predomínio da instrumentalidade na avaliação da ocorrência de abuso de confiança, o que sobreleva para o concurso de critérios consequencialistas numa área que é tradicionalmente tida por predominantemente ética. O modelo teórico produzido poderá ser útil para explorar este lado negro da confiança sendo, por exemplo, vantajoso para as organizações, compreender a necessidade de encontrar um equilíbrio entre as drivers sócio-afectivas que nos empurram para uma situação de risco de confiança, e as de controlo burocrático-racional que afastam o elemento humano.
It is widely known that trust between individuals, groups and organizations is beneficial for performance and is an anchor for business ethics. However, there is evidence that the relationship between trust and performance is not direct, which led me to explore the circumstances in which trust can be counterproductive. The data for the qualitative analysis coming from interviews conducted with ten practitioners indicated that it cannot be assumed that trust has a direct influence on performance. As reflected in literature and confirmed by empirical research, there are moderation and mediation effects by other variables. A less intuitive result of this study lies oin the possibility of abuse of trust to fulfill functions of interest in accordance with organizational contingency factors. This possibility arises particularly in organizations with high need for flexibility. Finally, there seems to exist a predominance of instrumentality in assessing the occurrence of abuse of trust, which surpasses the competition for the consequentialist criteria in an area that has traditionally taken as predominantly ethical. The theoretical model produced can be useful to explore this dark side of trust, for example, in organizations, to understand the need to find a balance between socio-emotional drivers that push us to a risk of trust, and -rational bureaucratic control that drive the human element.

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45

Malange, Nkhangeni Jerry. "Liability of directors and other persons for fraudulent, reckless and grossly negligent trading." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/847.

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46

Terera, Sharon Ruvimbo. "Organisational climate, psychological contract breach and employee outcomes among university employees in Limpopo Province: moderating effects of ethical leadership and trust." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1422.

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PhD (Human Resource Management)
Department of Human Resource Management and Labour Relations
Globally, the economic, political and social environment is constantly changing, and this has posed various challenges for organisations in the world of work. South African universities have also not been spared from these changes as they are expected to meet international standards whilst operating in an environment where there are many changes in their work environment with regard to technology, language policy, decolonisation of the curriculum and globalisation. The dynamics in these aspects shape the organisational climate and psychological contracts of all institutions. Any changes in the organisational climate and psychological contracts may influence employee outcomes of organisational citizenship behaviour and intention to leave among employees. Therefore, this study responds to calls from previous studies on organisational climate and psychological contract research to investigate the role of moderators in their association with employee outcomes. There is an urgent demand for organisational leaders to practice ethical leadership and become trustworthy in order to inspire employees to exhibit organisational citizenship behaviour and reduce any intentions of leaving the organisation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between organisational climate, psychological contract breach and employee outcomes among university employees. It also further investigated the moderating roles of ethical leadership and trust on those relationships. Six objectives were developed based on the aims of the study. To answer the objectives of this study, the research followed cross-sectional design and a quantitative approach was adopted. A total of 202 employees were selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study and a self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample was made up of both academic and administration staff working in the universities. Item analysis was conducted to check the reliability of the scales and all the scales obtained acceptable Cronbach alphas. To explore the factor structure of the scales, exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and poor items were removed until a xv clear and desirable factor solution was obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate the data and all the goodness of fit indexes achieved the required level. In addition, the composite reliability and average variance extracted for all scales met the required level. Moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to measure the moderator roles of ethical leadership and trust in the organisational climate, psychological contract breach and employee outcomes relationships. The results showed that ethical leadership moderated the relationship between organisational climate and organisational citizenship behaviour (Δ R² = .078, F(3,148) = 8.994. p <.001, β = .285, p < .001); and also the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational citizenship behaviour (Δ R² = .056, F(3,148) = 7.373, β = -.247, p < .005). However, non-significant results were found when testing the moderating role of ethical leadership in the relationship between organisational climate and intention to leave (Δ R² =.000, F(3,148) = 6.275, β =.000, p >.005); and also in the relationship between psychological contract breach and intention to leave (Δ R² = 0.03, F(3.148) = 12.878, β =.055, p > .05). In addition, the results also revealed that trust moderated the relationship between organisational climate and organisational citizenship behaviour (Δ R² =.030, F(3, 148) = 6.521, β =.175, p < .01); and also the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational citizenship behaviour (Δ R² =.049, F(3.148) = 7.719, β = -.222, p < .001). However, non-significant results were also found in testing trust as moderator in the relationship between organisational climate and intention to leave (Δ R² =.001, F(3,148) = 10.373, β = -.022, p > .01); and also in the relationship between psychological contract breach and intention to leave (Δ R² = 014, F(3, 148) = 17.207, β =.120, , p > .05). The results provides sufficient evidence that organisational climate, psychological contract breach, ethical leadership, and trust can shape employee behavioural outcomes either positively or negatively. This study, therefore recommends that organisations should develop a strong and positive organisational climate in order to improve organisational citizenship xvi behaviour and reduce employees` intentions to leave the organisation. This is achievable with policies that speak to effective communication structure, job recognition, and career development paths. In addition, human resources managers are urged to prevent cases of psychological contract breach through providing employees with realistic overviews of the task to be performed and policy that can aid employees to air their grievances. The study further recommends the establishment of ethical corporate culture within the organisations through which only employees who meet the ethical standards of the organisation are promoted into leadership positions in order to improve the practice of organisational citizenship behaviour and in turn reduce employees` intention to leave the organisation.
NRF

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47

Lan, Chen-Fong, and 藍晨峰. "Violation of the crime of breach of trust in the Securities Exchange Act : legislative purpose, controversy and preventive effect from the industry perspective." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01745196278899049053.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
104
It is happened recently that high level managers of Well-known Hon Hai Precision Ind Co., Ltd.(Foxcom), HTC Corporation (HTC) and Nankang Rubber Tire Corp., Ltd. took opportunities charging rebate when they purchased machine and equipment. And these events cause social attention. The corruption of business seems the problems of company managers‘ morality and personal integrity that make loss of the business. However, in Taiwan current industrial and commercial society, close, dense and complicated relationship between business create our country and economy. The corruption of business is not only a event of company, but also affect the development of country’s image and industry. Securities Exchange Regulations clearly regulate company director, supervisor, manager and employee, who violate his responsibilities, or occupy the company asset by merchandising unfavorable deal and doing unreasonable routine directly or indectly, just for his or another one’s profit, and do huge harm for the company. I think it will affect our business and country economy seriously. If we don’t regulate that behavior, it is bound to make investor loss and hurt our country economy foundation. Therefore we have to discuss that regulation from breach of trust, and analyze it’s quality, legal benefit, elements, and legislative necessity. I hope I can offer another think way for related area or research. I use case interview in this paper. Throuth talking and depth interviews with high-end executives of domestic small、 medium and companies listed cabinet, we discuss special trust breaking’s legislation and element of the Securities and Exchange Ragulations Article 171-1-3..I find from this paper: Companies value morality and personal integrity very much. People feel this kind of crime less than other crimes. This kind of crime is related to company culture. The definition of the manager is not clear currently. The respondents don’t trust our judicature. Judical officers’ specialty needs to be promoted. I also make the following recommendations: Enhance the specialty of the judiciary. Provide corporate insiders denounced the will to implement the independence of the judiciary. Increase public trust and proceed from education advocacy.

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48

Chen, Ming-Che, and 陳明哲. "A Study of Financial Assets Securitization Act－focus on Special Purpose Trust and its practice." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72329047993322254789.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
金融營運所
93
The Financial Assets Securitization Act, which has been in effect since in July 2002, is one of the specialized financial laws enacted to reform the domestic financial markets with the hope of keeping with the global environments. In the developed countries, products of the securitization of financial assets have developed into a mature stage. Thus the design of the products is diversified and varies with the changing financial markets. However, the products issued in Taiwan are still at an early stage. Generally speaking, investors and the staff of financial companies do not fully understand the contents of the products. Because of these current issues of the products not being fully understood, in this thesis we aim at clarifying the key concepts of the securitization, the classification of the products and motivations for the classification, the procedure of securitization, and the advantages and disadvantages of securitization. We would like to achieve our goals by analyzing the regulations of the act and illustrate the issues associated with implementation. We also elaborate some relevant regulations in the USA and Janpan and hope that the findings can serve as the guidelines in Taiwan. In the meantime, we survey the recent development in securitization and point out the weakness of current products and offer some suggestions for further improvement. Among the suggestions, we pinpoint the potential controversies of the regulations for future amendment.

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49

Tsai, Chieh-Cheng, and 蔡杰承. "The Function of the Business Judgment Rule in Economic Crimes：A Focus on The Irregular Transaction and the Special Breach of Trustfulness in The Securities and Exchange Act." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29whbb.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
102
As the economic crime emerged, people all hope to punish this kind of behavior badly. The Securities and Exchange Act added lots penal provisions to fight for the financial order and protect the vast investors. The irregular transaction and the special breach of trustfulness in The Securities and Exchange Act are important parts of them. Does it mean we are going to take criminal punishment to fight the economic crime? In the recent economic criminal cases, the defendants usually take the “Business Judgment Rule” as their plea. The Business Judgment Rule arises from the U.S. and it is used in the civil cases. It is still pending that can we apply the plea in Taiwan’s civil cases and is that plea functional in the criminal cases. If it is, what will be effected ? First of all, this article will introduce the Business Judgment Rule in the U.S. and then explain the constitution and the legal interest of the irregular transaction and the special breach of trustfulness in The Securities and Exchange Act. Second, we try to apply the Business Judgment Rule to the irregular transaction and the special breach of trustfulness in The Securities and Exchange Act. Finally, this thesis will also introduce the cases with the Business Judgment Rule plea and analyze those cases. We think the Business Judgment Rule plea is useful in helping the prosecutors give proof in economic criminal cases and remind us the criminal punishment is not the best solution for the financial order. The Business Judgment Rule appearing in the economic crimes means the restraining of the criminal law and the Judicial Abstention Doctrine.

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50

Madeira, Michaela Nathalie Jigström. ""A not so special one": O efeito do treinador na confiança e eficácia de uma equipa." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/5774.

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações
O presente estudo teve como objetivo não só verificar o impacto que a percepção de Confiança na Equipa tem na percepção de Eficácia Coletiva, mas também explorar o efeito mediador que a percepção de Confiança no Treinador poderá ter nessa relação. A amostra é constituída por 151 atletas masculinos de futebol profissional com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 44 anos. De forma a avaliar a percepção de Confiança na Equipa, foi utilizada a escala proposta por Adams e Sartori (2006) – Team Trust Scale – traduzida e adaptada para a língua portuguesa por três professores com domínio de língua inglesa e psicólogos organizacionais; a percepção de Confiança no Treinador foi avaliada através da escala proposta por Adams e Sartori (2006) – Leader Trust Scale – que foi igualmente traduzida e adaptada para a língua portuguesa; e a percepção de Eficácia Coletiva foi avaliada pela escala Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) (Short, Sullivan e Feltz, 2001), adaptada por Francisco (2005). Os resultados confirmam a relação positiva e significativa existente entre a percepção de Confiança na Equipa e a percepção de Eficácia Coletiva. Foi ainda verificado o efeito mediador, apesar de parcial, que a percepção de Confiança no Treinador tem na relação entre percepção de Confiança na Equipa e percepção de Eficácia Coletiva. Este estudo vem acrescentar uma nova visão relativamente aos treinadores, questionando várias realidades que fazem parte do mundo desportivo atual.
The main goal of this study is not only to verify the impact that the perception of the team’s trust has in the perception of it’s colective efficacy, but also to explore the mediation effect that the percpetion of the trust in the coach might have in this relationship. The sample is composed of 151 professional football athletes, whose age ranges between 17 and 44 years old. In order to evaluate the perception of trust in the team, it was used the scale – Team Trust Scale – developed by Adams and Sartori (2006). This scale was translated and adapted to the portuguese language by three psychologists professors, fluent in english. The perception of trust in the coach was evaluated based on the proposed scale by Adams and Sartori (2006) – Leader Trust Scale – translated and adapted, as well. The perception of collective efficacy was evaluated using the scale – Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) (Short, Sullivan & Feltz, 2001), adapted by Francisco (2005). ‘ The results confirm the positive and significant relationship between the perception of trust in the team and the perception of collective efficacy. Moreover, the mediate effect that the perception of trust in the coach has on the relation between the perception of trust in the team and the perception of collective efficacy was verified, despite being partial. This study brings a diferent ligth towards the idea of the coach, and questions other ideas that tend to be part of the world of sports, in the present day.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Special Breach of Trust'

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